ENTRY QUIZ

1.How many elements do you know?2.What are they?3.Which of them are inert gases?4.Which are metals?5.Which are metalloids?

11th element

SodiumAtomic symbol NaAtomic number 11Atomic weight 22.98976928(2)Alkali metal, very reactive, 1 isotope11 protons, 11 electrons, 12 protons

BASICS• Environment

– External conditions that affect living organisms

• Ecology– Study of relationships between

living organisms and their environment

• Environmental Science– how nature works.– how the environment effects us.– how we effect the environment.– how we can live more

sustainably without degrading our life-support system.

Solar Capital and Earth Capital• Solar Capital

– Energy from the sun– Provides 99% of the energy used

on earth• Earth Capital

– Life-support and Economic Services

• Environment– Planet’s air, water, soil, wildlife,

minerals, natural purification, recycling, pest control,…

Carrying Capacity

• The maximum number of organisms of a local, regional, or global environment can support over a specified period

• Variables– Location– Time

• Short term ~ seasonal changes• Long-term ~global changes in

factors such as climate– Technology

Sustainability

• The ability of a specified system to survive and function over time

• $1,000,000 – 10% interest– Live on up to $100,000

per year• Examples: Sustainable

earth, resource harvest, and society

• The steps to sustainability must be supported by sound science.

Linear Growth

• Quantity increases by a constant amount per unit of time

• 1,2,3,4,5, …• 1,3,5,7,9, …• When plotted on a

graph, growth of money yields a fairly straight line sloping upward

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1960 1980 2000 2020

Exponential Growth

• Growth yields a J-shaped curve

• Describes the human population problem that disturbs the environment today

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Population Growth

Rule of 70

• How long does it take to double? – Resource use– Population size– Money in a savings account

• Rule of 70 – 70 divided by the percentage growth rate =

doubling time in years– 70 / 7% means it takes ten years to double

Economic Growth - Key Terms• Economic Growth

– Increase in the capacity to provide goods and services for people’s use

• Gross National Product– Measures economic

growth in a country• Gross Domestic

Product– Market value in

current dollars of all goods and services produced only within a country during one year

Economic Growth - Key Terms• More Developed Countries (MDC)

– Highly industrialized – Average per capita GNP above $4000

• Less Developed Countries (LDC)– Low to moderate industrialization – Average per capita GNP below $4000

Economic Growth - Key Terms

• Development– Change from a society that is largely

rural, agricultural, illiterate, poor and rapidly growing population

• Per Capita GNP– GNP divided by the total population– Shows one person’s slice of the

economic pie

Questions1. The sun provides the earth with what percent of the energy?(A) 2% (B) 25% (C) 50% (D) 80% (E) 99% 2. What is the carrying capacity of an environment?(A) The number of animals that can be produced when mating.(B) The maximum number of organisms in an area that can be supported.(C) The amount an animal can carry in that environment(D) The number of prey that an environment can sustain(E) The minimum a population must have to survive in an environment 3. What is used in order to calculate the doubling of a resource, population, money, etc.?(A) Rule of 2(B) Rule of 20(C) Rule of 40(D) Rule of 70(E) Rule of 90

POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT• Economic growth

provides people with more goods and services.

– Measured in gross domestic product (GDP) and purchasing power parity (PPP).

• Economic development uses economic growth to improve living standards.

– The world’s countries economic status (developed vs. developing) are based on their degree of industrialization and GDP-PPP.

Wealth Gap• The gap between

the per capita GNP of the rich, middle-income and poor has widened since 1980

• More than 1 billion people survive on less than one dollar per day

ACTIVITY 1

1. What is Solar Capital?

2. What is Earth Capital?

3. What is exponential growth?

4. What is Rule of 70?

5. What is LDC?

EXIT QUIZ

1.How many elements do you know?2.What are they?3.Which of them are inert gases?4.Which are metals?5.Which are metalloids?