entomology by dr najeeb
DESCRIPTION
for education purposeTRANSCRIPT
EntomologyEntomology
BY:
DR: NAJEEB MEMON
Wingless Insects
• More than 750,000 species of insects worldwide.
. Approximately 10,000 species of insects are harmful to humans.
Arthropods of Medical Importance Arthropods of Medical Importance Winged InsectsWinged Insects
Wingless InsectsWingless Insects
CLASS ARTHROPODS Characteristics Features
Body Division
Legs Antennae Wings Where Found
1,
Insecta
Mosquitoes
Flies
Human Lice
Fleas
Louse
Head
Thorax
Abdomen
3 Pairs 1 Pair 1 or 2 pairs
Some are wingless
On Land
2, Arachnida
Ticks
(Soft, Hard)
Mites
Cephalothorax & Abd:
(No division
In some cases)
4 Pairs None None On Land
3, Crustacea
Cyclops Cephalothorax & Abd:
5 Pairs 2 Pairs None In Water
4,Chilopoda
WINGES WINGLESSWINGES WINGLESS
WINGES WINGLESS
1. Mosquito (C.M) 1. Flea (Xenopsylla Cheopis) (C.M)
2. Housefly (Musca Domestica) (C.M) 2. Louse (Pediculus humanis) (I.M)
3. Sand fly (Phlebotomus) (C.M) 3. Tick (I.M)
4. Tse Tse fly (Glossina) 4. Mites (Chiggers) (I.M)
5. Black fly 5. Red Bug (I.M)
6. Cockroach
7. Rudivid Bugs
Others:- Blue, Green flies
WINGED INSECTS
Sand fly
Tse Tse fly
Black fly
Cockroach
Rudivid Bugs
Ticks
Mites
Fleas
Red Bugs
WINGLESS INSECTS
Transmission of Arthropod borne diseasesTransmission of Arthropod borne diseases
TransmissionsTransmissions
Direct ContactFrom man to man
Scabiespediculosis
Direct ContactFrom man to man
Scabiespediculosis
MechanicalDiarrhea
DysenteryTyphoid
Trachoma
MechanicalDiarrhea
DysenteryTyphoid
Trachoma
BiologicalBiological
PropagativeOnly multiplication
No developmentalPlague bacilli in rat
FleaYellow f virus in Aedes mosq:
PropagativeOnly multiplication
No developmentalPlague bacilli in rat
FleaYellow f virus in Aedes mosq:
Cyclo propagativeMultiplicationdevelopmentalMalaria parasites in
mosquito
Cyclo propagativeMultiplicationdevelopmentalMalaria parasites in
mosquito
CyclodevelopmentalNo multiplication developmental
Filaria parasiteIn mosquito
Guinea worm embryo in cyclops
CyclodevelopmentalNo multiplication developmental
Filaria parasiteIn mosquito
Guinea worm embryo in cyclops
Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis Egg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult Egg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult
CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULTCHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT
Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis
Egg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult
E.g:- Mosquito, Fly, Flea
Complete Metamorphosis
Incomplete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis
E.g:- Louse, Ticks
Egg- nymph- adult
IncompleteIncompleteINCOMPLETEINCOMPLETE
METAMORPHOUSMETAMORPHOUS
Insects change shape gradually!
Why study of this is important?Why study of this is important?1 Mosquito Malaria, Filaria, JE, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever
Chikungunya
2 Housefly Typhoid, Cholera, Diarrhea & Dysentery, Poliomyelitis, Gastroenteritis, Trachoma, Amob:
3 Sand fly Kala- azar, Oriental sore, sand fly fever
4 Tse tse fly Sleeping sickness
5 Cockroaches Enteric pathogens
6 Black fly Onchocerciasis
7 Reduviid Bugs Chagas disease
8 Rat flea Bubonic Plague, Endemic typhus, chiggerosis
9 Louse Epidemic Typhus, Relapsing fever, trench fever
10
Tick (Hard ) Tick typhus, Viral hemorg: fever, tularemia
1112
Tick (Soft )Itch mite
Q fever, Relapsing feverScabies
Fleas (Gliding b/w hair & feathers of host)
Found in Holes, Fissures, Furniture.
(Complete Metamorphosis)
Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult
Types:
1. Rat fleas ( Xenopsylla Cheopis)
(Oriental)
2. Human fleas (Pulex irritants) – Cosmopolitan in distribution
3. Dog & Cat fleas (Ctenocephalus canis)
4. Sand fleas (Tunga penetrans)
Act as a Passive carrier of Pasterurella pestis responsible for Plague & Murine typhus
Diseases:
1. Bubonic Plague, 2. Endemic (Murine) typhus, 3. Chiggerosis 4. Tularemia (in Rodents) act as Intermediate host
Preventive Measures: 1. Hygienic control 2. Destroy Rats 3. Rats Proofing / Catch through nets/ use Jalis 4. Rats Sterile (Use chemicals ZnSo4 , DDT, Gammexane)
5. Rat Run Spray 6. Burry the rats 7. Check up of Pet animals (Dogs & Cats)
2. Louse (Pediculus humanis)
TYPES:
1.Head louse (Pediculus Capitus)2.Body Louse (Pediculus Coroporais)3.Pubic Louse (Phthirus Pubis)
Pediculosis: Louse infestation (Lousy Person)
DISEASES: Louse Born Typhus ( Epidemic Typhus) Rickettsia Rowazekii
Relapsing Fever Trench Fever (Rickettsia quantana) No infection there, only small breech in skin causing swelling / irritationThen louse burst.
Other says when scratching ----- burst the louse -----fluid touch with wound ------ infection is there.
Body louse
Very sensitive to heat Keep clothes to heat / boiling water.
Preventive Measures:
Keep the hair shortCombingManual removingHot bathAnti lice shampoo / soapsUse Coopex (Anti louse)
International Rules: (Health Regulation)For Afghanistan to Pak (in Winter Season)
DDT Dusting (Through Gun (DDT bag)----- burst----DDT Dusting (For controlling Louse & Typhus Fever)
Ironing of Cloth (Delouse).
Mite (Itch mite)Mite (Itch mite)Scabies
Burrows
Prev: Measures:1.Benzyl Benzoate2.Tetmosol3.Sulphur Ointment
TicksTicks
• Hard Tick:Tick typhus, tularemia Viral
fever,
Soft Tick: Q fever,
Relapsing fever
Types: Hard Tick Soft Tick
Preventive Measures:1. Insecticidal Control (DDT, Lindane)2. Env: Control: Paths should be filled up3. Protective clothes (With repellent, Indalone
Principles Of Arthropod ControlPrinciples Of Arthropod Control
• 1. ENVIRONMENTAL
• 2. CHEMICAL
• 3. BIOLOGICAL
• 4. GENETIC
• 5. NEWER METHODS
Principles Of Arthropod ControlPrinciples Of Arthropod Control
1. Environmental Control• Elimination of breeding places
• Filling & Drainage operation
• Proper disposal of refuse & water management
• Health education & cleanliness in & around homes
2. Chemical control:• BY insecticides like DDT
3. Biological Control:• Use of Larvi vorous fish
4. Genetic Control:• Sterile male technique
• Chromosomal translocations
• Cytoplasmic incompatibility
5. Newer Methods:• Insect growth regulators
• Sex attractants or Pheromones
• Chemosterilants
Malaria ControlMalaria Control 1. Environmental ControlElimination of breeding placesFilling & Drainage operationProper disposal of refuse & water managementHealth education & cleanliness in & around homes
2. Chemical Control2. Chemical Control
3. Biological Control3. Biological Control
By Larvi vorous Fish
4. Genetic Control:4. Genetic Control:
• Sterile male technique ( Reproduction)
• Chromosomal translocations ( Breaking down of chromosomes )
• Cytoplasmic incompatibility (Sperms , egg unable to form viable offsprings)
5. Newer Methods5. Newer Methods
• Insect growth regulator
(Adulticide)
Chemosterilants ( chemical compound causes reproductive
sterility )