enthalpy of solution
TRANSCRIPT
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Enthalpy of SolutionAn example of enthalpy of reaction.
© James B. Condon, 2010, all rights reserved© Backgrounds and some graphic copyrighted by Corel Corporation -used by permission.
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Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl !
![Page 3: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl–
![Page 4: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl–
![Page 5: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl– Oxidation Number
![Page 6: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl– Oxidation Number
FeCl2 !
![Page 7: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl– Oxidation Number
FeCl2 ! Fe2+ + 2Cl–
![Page 8: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl– Oxidation Number
FeCl2 ! Fe2+ + 2Cl– ...and Coefficients
![Page 9: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl– Oxidation Number
FeCl2 ! Fe2+ + 2Cl– ...and Coefficients
ZnSO4 !
![Page 10: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl– Oxidation Number
FeCl2 ! Fe2+ + 2Cl– ...and Coefficients
ZnSO4 ! Zn2+ + SO42–
![Page 11: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl– Oxidation Number
FeCl2 ! Fe2+ + 2Cl– ...and Coefficients
ZnSO4 ! Zn2+ + SO42– polyatomic Ions
![Page 12: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl– Oxidation Number
FeCl2 ! Fe2+ + 2Cl– ...and Coefficients
ZnSO4 ! Zn2+ + SO42– Polyatomic Ions
CH3NH3NO3 !
![Page 13: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl– Oxidation Number
FeCl2 ! Fe2+ + 2Cl– ...and Coefficients
ZnSO4 ! Zn2+ + SO42– Polyatomic Ions
CH3NH3NO3 ! CH3NH3+ + NO3
–
![Page 14: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Determining the reaction from the information givenis required to obtain the enthalpy of solution. Forexample, complete the reaction for the solution of thefollowing:
Reaction Need to know
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl– Oxidation Number
FeCl2 ! Fe2+ + 2Cl– ...and Coefficients
ZnSO4 ! Zn2+ + SO42– Polyatomic Ions
CH3NH3NO3 ! CH3NH3+ + NO3
– Arrhenius Acid-base
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Enthalpy of Solution
Here is an enthalpy calculation problem:
What is the molar enthalpy for the dissolution of Fe2S3?
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Here is an enthalpy calculation problem:
What is the molar enthalpy for the dissolution of Fe2S3?
This is similar to all other enthalpy of reaction problems, butfor the student the question may be, “What is the reaction?”
Enthalpy of Solution
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Enthalpy of Solution
Here is an enthalpy calculation problem:
What is the molar enthalpy for the dissolution of Fe2S3?
This is similar to all other enthalpy of reaction problems, butfor the student the question may be, “What is the reaction?”
At this point, you should know the polyatomic ions and howto figure oxidation numbers. If not, you already in trouble -go back and learn them. From the oxidation numbers, youshould know that here iron dissolves as Fe3+ ions and sulfuras S2! ions, thus the reaction would be:
Fe2S3 W 2Fe3+ + 3S2!
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Enthalpy of Solution
So now the problem becomes: “What is the molar enthalpyfor the following reaction:
Fe2S3 W 2Fe3+ + 3S2! ”
![Page 19: Enthalpy of Solution](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021416/577ccd711a28ab9e788c647f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Enthalpy of Solution
So now the problem becomes: “What is the molar enthalpyfor the following reaction:
Fe2S3 W 2Fe3+ + 3S2! ”
This problem is handled the same as any other determinationof reaction enthalpy in chemistry. The first step is to look upthe enthalpy of formations of the products and reactants.
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Enthalpy of Solution
So now the problem becomes: “What is the molar enthalpyfor the following reaction:
Fe2S3 W 2Fe3+ + 3S2! ”
This problem is handled the same as any other determinationof reaction enthalpy in chemistry. The first step is to look upthe enthalpy of formations of the products and reactants.
From the tables, the following values are obtained:
ΔH (Fe2S3) = !14.0 kJ mol-1
ΔH (Fe3+) = !48.5 kJ mol-1
ΔH (S2!) = +33.1 kJ mol-1»
»f»
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Enthalpy of Solution
So now the problem becomes: “What is the molar enthalpy for the following reaction:
Fe2S3 W 2Fe3+ + 3S2! ”
From the values from the table:
ΔH (Fe2S3) = !14.0 kJ mol-1
ΔH (Fe3+) = !48.5 kJ mol-1
ΔH (S2!) = +33.1 kJ mol-1
These values are to be used in the equation:ΔHrxn = 3ΔHproducts !3ΔHreactants
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»f
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Enthalpy of Solution
So now the problem becomes: “What is the molar enthalpy for the following reaction:
Fe2S3 W 2Fe3+ + 3S2! ”
From the values from the table:
ΔH (Fe2S3) = !14.0 kJ mol-1
ΔH (Fe3+) = !48.5 kJ mol-1
ΔH (S2!) = +33.1 kJ mol-1
The ΔHrxn may be calculate by substituting into the formula:ΔHrxn = 2ΔH (Fe3+) + 3ΔH (S2!) ! ΔH (Fe2S3)
» »f
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»f
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Enthalpy of Solution
So now the problem becomes: “What is the molar enthalpy for the following reaction:
Fe2S3 W 2Fe3+ + 3S2! ”
From the values from the table:
ΔH (Fe2S3) = !14.0 kJ mol-1
ΔH (Fe3+) = !48.5 kJ mol-1
ΔH (S2!) = +33.1 kJ mol-1
The ΔHrxn may be calculate by substituting into the formula:ΔHrxn = 2ΔH (Fe3+) + 3ΔH (S2!) ! ΔH (Fe2S3)Substituting:ΔHrxn = 2(-48.5 kJ mol-1 ) + 3(+33.1 kJ mol-1 ) + (!14.0 kJ mol-1 )»
»f
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»
»
»f
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Enthalpy of Solution
So now the problem becomes: “What is the molar enthalpy for the following reaction:
Fe2S3 W 2Fe3+ + 3S2! ”
From the values from the table:
ΔH (Fe2S3) = !14.0 kJ mol-1
ΔH (Fe3+) = !48.5 kJ mol-1
ΔH (S2!) = +33.1 kJ mol-1
The ΔHrxn may be calculate by substituting into the formula:ΔHrxn = 2ΔH (Fe3+) + 3ΔH (S2!) ! ΔH (Fe2S3)Or:ΔHrxn = !11.7 kJ mol-1 »
»f
»
»
»
»f
»
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Enthalpy of Solution
So now the problem becomes: “What is the molar enthalpy for the following reaction:
Fe2S3 W 2Fe3+ + 3S2! ”
From the values from the table:
ΔH (Fe2S3) = !14.0 kJ mol-1
ΔH (Fe3+) = !48.5 kJ mol-1
ΔH (S2!) = +33.1 kJ mol-1
There is a side issue to note here. Notice that the ΔH for bothFe3+ and S2! do not have the subscript “f”. This is because theyare referenced to the ΔH for H+ and not to the elements. Thisdoes not affect the calculation, however.
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»f
»
»
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Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Using this information and the information fromprevious slides, calculate the following:
Example 2: Determine the enthalpy of solution forNaCl
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Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Using this information and the information fromprevious slides, calculate the following:
Example 2: Determine the enthalpy of solution forNaCl
The reaction then is:
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl–
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Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Using this information and the information fromprevious slides, calculate the following:
Example 2: Determine the enthalpy of solution forNaCl
The reaction then is:
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl–
ΔHsol = ΔHº(Na+) + ΔHº(Cl–) – ΔHº(NaCl)f
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Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Using this information and the information fromprevious slides, calculate the following:
Example 2: Determine the enthalpy of solution forNaCl
The reaction then is:
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl–
ΔHsol = ΔHº(Na+) + ΔHº(Cl–) – ΔHº(NaCl)
ΔHsol = [(–240.1) + (–167.2) – (–411.54)]kJ mol–1
f
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Calculating the Enthalpy of Solution
Using this information and the information fromprevious slides, calculate the following:
Example 2: Determine the enthalpy of solution forNaCl
The reaction then is:
NaCl ! Na+ + Cl–
ΔHsol = ΔHº(Na+) + ΔHº(Cl–) – ΔHº(NaCl)
ΔHsol = [(–240.1) + (–167.2) – (–411.54)]kJ mol–1
ΔHsol = 4.2 kJ mol–1
f
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Enthalpy of SolutionAn example of enthalpy of reaction.
The is the end of the slideshow: