entering the world stage
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Entering the World Stage. America Becomes an Imperialist Power. What is Imperialism?. Reasons for imperialism:. Industrial Revolution New markets for goods Raw materials for manufacturing Naval refueling stations. US Foreign Investment 1869-1908. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Entering the World Stage
America Becomes an Imperialist Power
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What is Imperialism?
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Reasons for imperialism:• Industrial Revolution–New markets for goods–Raw materials for manufacturing –Naval refueling stations
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US Foreign Investment 1869-1908
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• Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
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Reasons for imperialism: (con’t)
• Power & prestige –Nationalism
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Reasons for imperialism: (con’t)
• Ideology –Social Darwinism –Missionaries
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American Missionaries in China
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Imperialist nations:• Great Britain• France• United States• Belgium• Germany• Japan
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Alaska
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“Seward’s Folly” 1867• Purchased from Russia for $7.2
million
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“Seward’s Icebox”
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Hawaii
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Hawaii • 1778—James Cook explored HA
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Hawaii• American Missionaries
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
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Hawaii• Ideal for fueling station & for trade• Sugar cane plantations
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Hawaii • King Kalakaua—negotiates treaty w/
US to import sugar • Queen Liliuakalani—overthrown by
sugar planters• Sanford Dole—becomes president of
HA• 1898—HA becomes US territory
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US view of Hawaii
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Hawaiian annexation
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China
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China• Europe—carves out spheres of
influence• Open Door Policy—proposed by John
Hay
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China• Boxer
Rebellion
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Japan
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Japan• Began the 1800s
isolated & unindustrialized• Matthew Perry
opened trade w/ Japan• Japan
industrializes & begins trading
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Gentlemen’s Agreement• US & Japan agree to end Japanese
immigration to US• CA ends segregation of Japanese
schools children
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Treaty of Portsmouth:1905
• Ends Russo-Japanese War• Earns
Roosevelt Nobel Peace Prize
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Spanish American War
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Causes of Span-Amer War• Cubans revolt against Spain–José Marti & yellow journalism –Spanish General Valeriano Weyler
• De Lome letter• USS Maine
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Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolf Hearst
Image from Gen. Weyler’s “Reconcentration Camps”
Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!
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Dupuy de Lome, Spanish Ambassador to US
Criticized President McKinnley
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Remember the Maine, to Hell with Spain!
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Spanish American War • Cuba– Strategy: control port
city of Santiago – Teddy Roosevelt & the
Rough Riders • Battle of San Juan Hill
– US Navy sinks entire Spanish fleet
• Philippines – Commodore Dewey
• Manila Bay – Emilio Aguinaldo: leads
rebels against Spanish– Surrounded by Dewey &
Aguinaldo, Spanish surrender
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Results of the Span-Amer War
• Spain gives up all claims to Cuba • US gains Puerto Rico & Guam • Spain gives up Philippines for $20
million • US seen as strong militarily &
financially
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The Philippines
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Controversy over annexation
For annexation • US had duty to
spread ideals & values (Christianity & Democracy)
• Don’t want territory to fall under another country’s control
Against annexation • Annexation would
violated ideals of self rule & independence • Might increase
immigration
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Philippines • The U.S. annexes of the Philippines in 1899.
• Fighting broke out in the Philippines. Filipinos battled U.S. for 3 years.
• Filipino voters elected members to the lower house of their legislature. They could elect members of both houses in 1916.
• July 4, 1946, the US granted full independence to the Philippines.
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Latin America
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Cuba
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Cuba • McKinnley est. military gov’t. in Cuba• Advances made toward eliminating
yellow fever–Dr. Walter Reed, Dr. William C. Gorgas, Dr.
Juan Finlay • Leonard Wood—US appointed governor –New constitution–Platt Amendment
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Cuba & the Platt Amendment
• Gives the US right to intervene in Cuban affairs• Cuba has limited ability to sign
treaties w/ other countries • Est. military base at Guantanamo Bay • Makes Cuba protectorate of US
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Puerto Rico
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Puerto Rico • US est. military gov’t. & governed PR as a
territory • Foraker Act–US appoints gov’t. & upper house of legislature
• 1917—grants Puerto Ricans citizenship & ability to elect both houses of legislature
• 1952—PR becomes a self governing commonwealth; US controls trade, immigration & military affairs
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Panama
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Panama • 1902—US bought rights to build
canal from French • Pres. Roosevelt supports
Panamanian rebels in fight for independence from Colombia–Treaty w/ new gov’t. gives US 10 mile
wide canal zone
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Panama • 1904—Amer. Begins work on canal• 1914—1st ship travels through canal• Poor working conditions, material
shortages, malaria, yellow fever–Dr. Gorgas worked to eliminate
mosquitoes
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Monroe Doctrine
& Roosevelt Corollary
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Monroe Doctrine & Roosevelt Corollary
• 1823--Monroe Doctrine: declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits to European nations.• 1904—US pledged to use force to
prevent European countries from seizing territory or intervening
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Dollar Diplomacy• Taft promotes Dollar Diplomacy—
promoting US economic interests in other countries & using economic power to achieve goals –US buys out Lat. Amer. loans
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US investment in Latin America
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Mexico
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Mexico • 1877-1910: Dictator Porfirio Díaz–Brought stability; jailed opponents–Modernization; majority live in poverty
• 1911: Francisco Madero–Jailed by Díaz; fled country; returned
to rebellion & took presidency • Emiliano Zapata (land reform)• Francisco “Pancho” Villa & Pascual
Orozco
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Porfirio Diaz Francisco Madero
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Emiliano Zapata
Pancho Villa
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Mexico• 1913: Victoriano Huerta uses army to
imprison & execute Madero; becomes president–Pres. Wilson refuses to recognize
Huerta’s gov’t.; sells arms to enemies–Huerta arrests & releases several US
soldiers; Wilson demands apology; Congress authorizes use of force • Battle of Veracruz
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Mexico • 1914: Huerta flees to Spain • Venustiano Carranza becomes pres.
w/ support of Pres. Wilson–Zapata & Villa are against Carranza;
lead attacks on Amer. Border–Wilson sends Gen. John Pershing to
Mexico to find Villa
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Venustiano Carranza
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Uncle Sam, “One of the Boys”?
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What has the US
fought for?
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The Great White Fleet
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