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1 Enhancing Hydraulic Fracturing and Well Performance via Effective Diversion FRAGACHAN, FRANCISCO E. MEDINA ZARATE, CARLOS Weatherford 1 Which of thesewellsis P&Pcompleted? 2

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Page 1: Enhancing Hydraulic Fracturing and via - CLKmedia.arpel2011.clk.com.uy/XX/14Fragachan.pdf · Enhancing Hydraulic Fracturing and Well Performance via ... Marcellus Treatment Plot Time

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Enhancing Hydraulic Fracturing and Well Performance via Effective Diversion

FRAGACHAN, FRANCISCO E. 

MEDINA ZARATE, CARLOS 

Weatherford1

Which of these wells is P&P completed?

2

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Outline

• Product Overview• Technology Benefit• Applications• Case Studies• Modeling and Verifications• Experimental Collaboration with TOTAL• Conclusions

3

Product OverviewGreen technology allowing more efficient fracturing completions and the ability to re‐fracture/re‐stimulate existing wells and improve upon overall production via in‐stage diversion.

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Borrowing Green Technology

• Made From Renewable Materials• Certified Compostable• Used in Medical Industry for Implantable Degradable Devises

• Used for Degradable Packaging Materials• Byproduct is Naturally Occurring in Human Body• Allows to Restore Production or Increase Well Efficiency

5

An Alternative to Current Diversion Methods : Mechanical Diverter System

• Mechanical Bridging Agent• Degradable to Liquid Form• Temperature Range

• (83°F – 300+°F)

• Aqueous Fluid System Compatibility• Two Particle System: 100 & 7 US Mesh (1.23‐1.25 SG)

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Product OverviewLong‐Term Degradable Diverters

• When operations are suspended, ball sealers will fall away from the perforations, rock salt and flake diverters rapidly dissolve. 

• This creates a need for a material that will remain in the perforations for multiple stages and dissolve over time.  

• Degradable mechanical diverters are an environmentally friendly, mechanical diverter that addresses these criteria.

Cylindrical Shape: 

Plugging Efficiency

7

Technology Benefits• Effectively Blocks Existing Perforations

• 300 – 1,200 psi increases typical

• Stable Under Large Pressure Increases• 6,000 psi pressure increase achieved

• Diverts Fluid to New Perforations• Divert Fluid to Under‐stimulated Clusters

• Remains in Perforations/Near Wellbore

• Superior to traditional diverting agents

• System Dissolves Over Time• No Plug Mill‐outs / No Squeezed Perforations

8

Marcellus Shale Treatment Plot

Time (min)

Pressure 1 (psi)

515.0 517.0 519.0 521.0 523.0 525.03000.00

4500.00

6000.00

7500.00

9000.00

10500.00

9980 ps iBio Bloc k @ perfs ,

6125 ps i

Marcellus Treatment Plot

Time (min)

Pressure 1 (psi) Slurry Rate (bpm)

178.0 180.8 183.6 186.4 189.2 192.04000

5300

6600

7900

9200

10500

0.0

24.00

48.00

72.00

96.00

120.0

8,862 ps i

5 ,970 ps i

8 ,460 ps i

9 .594 ps i

5 ,361 ps i

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Applications

9

– Replace all bridge plugs or reduce total needed

– Reduce or eliminate mill‐out time and equipment

– Provide zonal isolation

Replace Bridge Plugs

– Size limitations/ restrictive ID’s

– Weak casing limiting entry

– Open Holes/Stuck Casing

– LCM

Casing & ID Restrictions

– Perf‐squeeze Alternative

– Recompletes &  Re‐Fracs

– Understimulated zones 

– Sliding sleeve port seal

Multiple Open Clusters

The Importance of Zonal Coverage Distribution

10

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In‐Treatment Diversion Case Study

Five Horizontal Eagle Ford Shale Wells

Depth: 9,000’ TVD

BHST: 250°F 54 perforations per interval

One & two diverter pills based on well 11

Case Study Criteria

• Effectively Diverter a Portion of Perforations During Treatment

• After Each Stage a Plug Will be Set for Isolation• Determine if In‐Treatment Diversion Will Increase Zonal Coverage & Production

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In Treatment Diversion

13

Key Statistic 

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In‐Treatment Diversion Case Study #2

Tow Horizontal Eagle Ford Shale WellsDepth: 8,370’ TVDBHST: 244°F One diverter pill per stage

15

Key Statistic Untreated Offset Wells 

#1

Untreated Offset Well 

#2DiversionWell #1

DiversionWell #2

TVD (ft) 7930 8282 8387 8369

Lateral Length (ft) 10223 7101 7530 7972

Proppant per lateral foot 1614 Data is N/A 1370 1340

30 Day Oil Production(BBL/Day) 222 212 390 413

30 Day Oil Production (BBL/Day/1000' of Lateral) 21.7 29.9 51.8 51.8

30 Day Gas Production (MCF/Day) 113 149 209 208

30 Day Gas Production (MCF/Day/1000' of Lateral) 11.1 21.0 27.8 26.1

Total Production (BOE/Day/1000' of Lateral) 23.6 33.4 56.4 56.2

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Key Statistic Untreated Offset Wells 

#1

Untreated Offset Well 

#2DiversionWell #1

DiversionWell #2

TVD 7930 8282 8387 8369

Lateral Length 10223 7101 7530 7972

Proppant per lateral foot 1614 Data is N/A 1370 1340

30 Day Oil Production(BBL/Day) 222 212 390 413

30 Day Oil Production (BBL/Day/1000' of Lateral) 21.7 29.9 51.8 51.8

30 Day Gas Production(MCF/Day) 113 149 209 208

30 Day Gas Production (MCF/Day/1000' of Lateral) 11.1 21.0 27.8 26.1

Total Production (BOE/Day/1000' of Lateral) 23.6 33.4 56.4 56.217

Results

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Percent Increase

DiversionWells showed 30 day productions improvement of  

83%

19

NR Tracer Monitoring DP1H

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Results Well 1

21

Results Well 2

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ReFrac Case StudyPermian Basin Vertical Well Study

Depth: 8,900’ – 9,800’ TVD

BHST: 135°F – 140°F 480 Perforations 

Combine multiple stages into one utilizing diverter23

Permian Basin Vertical ReFrac Well

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25

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27

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Permian Vertical Multiple Stage Completion Case Study• Achieved Zonal Isolation without Bridge Plugs• Long‐term Perf Sealing and Diversion Compared to Traditional Diverters

• No Plug Millouts Post‐Treatment• Waiting for Production Results• Tracer Logs Showed True Zonal Sand Distribution

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ReFrac Case StudyPermian Basin Vertical Well Study

Depth: 8,900’ – 9,800’ TVD

BHST: 135°F – 140°F 480 Perforations 

Combine multiple stages into one utilizing diverter31

Case Study Criteria

• Effectively Replace Bridge Plug Use By Sealing Existing Perforations

• Achieve 1,000 psi Increase or 7,000 psi TP Per Run• Run diverter slugs until achieved

• No Well Intervention Needed• Eliminate Plug Mill‐out • Eliminate Coiled Tubing• Increase Customer Efficiency

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Well 1• (March 2013), P&P• 3727’ LL, 13 stages (100’spacing) w/300x300•

Well 2• (Oct. 2013), TBlockSure®• 5353’ LL, 18 stages (50’spacing) w/300x300

Wel l 4• Completed  (Oct. 2013), P&P• 6353’ LL, 32 stages (50’spacing) w/200x200

Wel l 3• (Oct. 2013), P&P• 4753’ LL, 24 stages (50’spacing) w/200x200

Pad Layout

33

Job Execution

34

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Pressure Increase, Some Perf Diversion

Diverter pill with multiple perforation diversions and breakage observed.

35

Marcellus Shale Treatment Plot

Time (min)

Pressure 1 (psi)

30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 55.005000.00

5400.00

5800.00

6200.00

6600.00

7000.00

Diverter @ perfs, 5387 psi

5809 psi

422 psi increase

Pressure Increase, PerfDiversion

Diverter pill with multiple perforation diversions and breakage observed.

Marcellus Shale Treatment Plot

Time (min)

Pressure 1 (psi)

135.0 137.0 139.0 141.0 143.0 145.05000.00

5300.00

5600.00

5900.00

6200.00

6500.00

Diverter @ perfs, 5227 psi

5859 psi

669 psi increase

36

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Pressure Increase, Perf Diversion

Diverter pill with multiple perforation diversions and breakage observed.

Marcellus

Time (min)

Pressure 1 (psi) Slurry Rate (bpm)

264.0 264.5 265.0 265.5 266.0 266.56000

6500

7000

7500

8000

8500

0.0

16.00

32.00

48.00

64.00

80.00

6,722 psi

7,955 psi7,217 psi

1,233 psi increase

37

Pressure Increase, Perf Diversion

Diverter pill with multiple perforation diversions and breakage observed.

38

Marcellus Treatment Plot

Time (min)

Pressure 1 (psi) Slurry Rate (bpm)

150.0 151.1 152.2 153.3 154.4 155.56000

6500

7000

7500

8000

8500

0.0

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.0

6,801 psi

7,902 psi

8,083 psi 7,990 psi8,008 psi

1,282 psi increase

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Pressure Increase, Perf Diversion

3,624 psi pressure increase.

Marcellus Treatment Plot

Time (min)

Pressure 1 (psi) Slurry Rate (bpm)

178.0 180.8 183.6 186.4 189.2 192.04000

5300

6600

7900

9200

10500

0.0

24.00

48.00

72.00

96.00

120.0

8,862 psi

5,970 psi

8,460 psi

9.594 psi

5,361 psi

3,624 psi increase

3939

Intentional Screen‐Out Using DiverterFinal batch of  diverter used to seal remaining perforations. 3,855 psi pressure increase.

Marcellus Shale Treatment Plot

Time (min)

Pressure 1 (psi)

515.0 517.0 519.0 521.0 523.0 525.03000.00

4500.00

6000.00

7500.00

9000.00

10500.00

9980 psiBio Block @ perfs,

6125 psi

3,855 psi increase

4040

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Well 1 & 2 Total Wellbore Cloud

4141

Near Well TFI (view from above)

Near‐Wellbore TFIs for Both Wells

42

1

2

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Modelling and VerificationCollaboration with TOTAL

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Collaborative Research : Total

• Slots were placed in pressure vessel and diverting slurry pumped under pressure to determine if diversion would occur

• Monitored by differential pressure across slot

• Monitored mass of effluent flowing thru with time

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Collaborative Research : Total

• Metallic Slots with various size opening were evaluated for diversion

• 1 mm to 5 mm

• Uniform in shape throughout entire length

• No adherence points

45

Collaborative Research : Total

• Carbonate Slots with various size opening were evaluated for diversion

• 1 mm to 6 mm• Irregular shaped opening

• Opening size tapered from inlet to outlet

• Simulates perforations / natural fractures

• Naturally rough surface

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Collaborative Research : Total

47

What Have We Learned?1 mm Slot Opening Metallic

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What Have We Learned?5 mm Slot Opening Carbonate

49

Physics & Modeling 1 mm

2 mm

3 mm

4 mm

5 mm

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Modeling – Other ParametersBase 

Simulation

Small Particles

Particle Shape Geometry

51

Plug existing Perforations

Field Data

Analytical

Numerical

Experimental

Diverting Agen

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Particle Ratio

Particle Ratio

15:85 50:5030:70 40:60

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Next Experiments

Concentration  (ppg)

Particle Ratio

Pressure Build‐up

0.5 1.0 1.5 3.015:85

30:70

40:60

50:50

M = Metallic Slot Test (1 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm)C4 = Carbonate Test (4 mm – 2 mm)

5.0

M M

C4

C4

C4

C4

C6 = Carbonate Test (6 mm – 2 mm)

C6C6

Rate (mL/min)

10 100Slot Size (mm)

4 10Particle Shape

Spherical Cylindrical

Cy = Cylindrical Particles

CyCy

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Conclusions

• Degradable Diverter Advantages• Extensive BHT Range for Products• More efficient perforation sealing & diversion• Remains in perforations long term & degrades

• Potential Candidates• Re‐Completes /  Re‐Fracture Treatments• Temporary Perf Squeeze Alternative• In‐Treatment Diverter

55

Thank You For Your AttentionQuestions?

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