ENHANCEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

CAPACITY (Planning and Policy)

COUNTRY REPORT

Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria By

Yusuf Abdullahi Ahmed

General Manager, Kaduna State Environmental Protection Authority, KEPA

Japan International Cooperation Agency

February 2018

Outline • Background

• SWM in Nigeria

• SWM in Kaduna Metropolis

• Legal and Regulatory Framework

• Stakeholders

• Operational strategy

• Gaps and Challenges

• NEEDs and Way forward

Background • Nigeria is located in tropical West Africa and is divided into 36 states

and 744 local councils. Kaduna state is a sub-National Unit of Nigeria;

• There are 3 levels of government, a) National; b) State; c) Local Councils. The environmental responsibility of each is clearly defined by the constitution;

• Constitutionally, Waste Management is the responsibility of Local councils. In Kaduna state, KEPA manages waste in Urban areas of Kaduna state;

• Kaduna State is administered by a Governor (Nasiru El-Rufai), Environmental assets and responsibilities are managed by a Commissioner (Amina Sijuwade) while SWM is implemented by General Manager, KEPA (Yusuf);

• The Governor define vision and mission of environmental governance, the Commissioner drives policy and strategy while private sector operates while KEPA Monitors;

Solid Waste Management In Nigeria • Wastes are discarded items that degrade the environment and endangers public

health;

• Solid Waste is managed at local, state or municipal level;

• Where government services are not available private and informal waste collectors thrive;

• There is no national nor sub-national policy, strategy or guidelines on management of non-hazardous waste

• Hazardous and radioactive wastes are regulated at National and sub-National levels;

• Management of municipal solid waste by governments are free or largely subsidized without cost and resource recovery strategies;

• Services by private and informal sector are user paid, of poor quality with little standardization, regulation and enforcement;

• Environmental Education, public awareness and community participation are very poor

• Waste management infrastructures/ assets are either non-existent or

grossly inadequate

• Investment in waste management assets is low

• Absence of investment if data generation, storage and research;

• Poor capacity and technical, and professional competence;

Legal Framework For Waste Management In Nigeria

a. Global Best Practice: United Nations guidelines and International conventions (e.g. UNEP; UNDP, Basel and Bamako Conventions etc);

b. National Level: No policy but laws, acts and decrees and regulation of National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency, NESREA (e.g. The Harmful Waste (Special Criminal Provision Etc) Act 1988; National Environmental (Sanitation and Waste ) Regulation, 2009;

c. State Level: Kaduna State Environmental Protection Authority, KEPA Law of 201o; Solid Waste Management Regulation No. 1 of 2009;

Solid Waste Management In Kaduna State

• Population: 8, 252, 400; Area: 46,053 km2; GDP: $10.334BN; Per Capita Income: $1600; 23 Local councils; Major cities are Kaduna, Zaria and Kafanchan

• SWM services are managed in the state through the Ministry of Environment and Kaduna State Environmental protection Agency, KEPA

• There is no Solid Waste Management Policy

• The state Governor defines SWM vision, the Commissioner is responsible for policy and strategy, Private and informal sector operate the services while KEPA regulate the SWM regime as defined by its law and regulations, www.kepa.org.ng

• Waste management in the urban areas is by administered by the state government (MENR/ KEPA);

• Local councils are responsible for managing wastes in the rural areas

• Services by state government and local councils are free;

• Access to government services in the state are as low as 1.5%

• Over 50% of the urban population can access private and informal services for a fee

• Services by government contractors and private operators are below global best practice

• SWM expenditure for KKZ: N 173 million monthly ($ 468, 000)

http://www.kepa.org.ng/

Solid Waste Management Vision of the Current Administration

• Clean and Safe Communities

• Jobs

• Revenue

Solid Waste Management In Kaduna Metropolis

• Kaduna is undergoing rapid urbanization

• SWM is an emerging issue

• More than 70% live on less than $USA 2/ day

• Waste is managed formally and informally

• The informal sector is the major driver of cost and resource recovery from waste

Kaduna Metropolis – Facts and Figures

• Kaduna Metropolis is the capital of Kaduna State, Nigeria

• Location: North Western Nigeria

• Climate and Vegetation: Tropical African grassland

• Population: 1, 582, 102

• Communities: multi religious and multi ethnic

• Area: 131 km2

• Literacy: 58.1%

• Vocation: farming, herdsmen and artisans (1% of population in public service)

• Unemployment rate: 30.3%

• More than 350 large, medium and small scale industries

• Waste generation: 4, 931 metric tons per day (estimate)

• Solid waste collection rate: 10% of which 25% is recoverable, only 5% is recycled

Legal and Regulatory Framework of SWM In Kaduna

• Global Best Practices – national and sub – National obligations under

International conventions and agreements ratified by Nigeria (Basel, Montreal,

and Bamako conventions)

• National laws (Harmful wastes act of 1999, National Environmental Health and

regulations, 2016; National Environmental Standards and Regulation

Enforcement Agency, NESREA regulations on solid waste, E-waste and

Sanitation and control of healthcare waste 2017; Nigeria Nuclear Regulatory

Agency, NNRA - Nigeria Radioactive Waste Management Regulation 2006 )

• Kaduna State Environmental Protection Authority, KEPA Law of 2010

• KEPA Solid Waste Management Regulations No 1 of 2011

Who are the stakeholders • Governments and its agencies (MENR/ KEPA)

• Waste contractors

• Consultants

• Researchers

• Informal waste collectors/ managers

• Waste aggregators

• Recyclers

• Producers of waste and Users of end-of-waste resources

• Development partners

EVERYBODY!!!

The Current SWM strategy

SWM GOVERNANCE

• MENR is responsible for SWM policy and Laws

• KEPA is responsible for monitoring, supervision and enforcement

• There is no legislation governing waste collection fees

SWM Generation and Collections

• SWM regime is operated by the informal sector of government appointed service contractor (ZLGA)

• KDSG appointed contractor cleans public spaces for a fee paid by government

• Industries, Businesses and residences are served by private collectors or the informal sector for a fee

• Only 10% of municipal waste is collected formally

• Only 5% of collected wastestreams are recycled

Public – Private Operator and Payment Models for SWM services

Door-to-Door Collections:

• Clients signs service contracts with private collectors or ZLGA

• ZLGA is the Sole KDSG approved collector and is working with Private collectors/ PSPs

• A fraction of ZLGAs service charges is Paid to government as revenue

• KDSG and ZLGA are working together to formalize the informal SWM services

• Cash Collections are common but discouraged

Business/ Industrial Kerb side collections:

• Clients are serviced directly by ZLGA

• Private and informal collections are discouraged and sanctioned;

• All operators are managed by KEPA

• Payments are made online, bank deposits or cash – receipts are always issued

Cleaning of public spaces, Neighborhood centers and city beautification:

• ZLGA is the sole operator of this mandate

• ZLGA is paid a negotiated fee of N 173 million monthly for tis service

• KPIs include: a. Street sweeping b. Evacuation of street based and

communal collection points c. Desilting of public drains d. Vegetation control e. Dumpsite management f. Staff welfare

Secondary collection/ Bulk evacuation:

• ZLGA as agreed with KDSG

Dumpsite management/ maintenance of transfer station:

• ZLGA as agreed with KDSG

SWM Infrastructure In Kaduna Metropolis

Dump sites:

• 2 officially designated sites (unofficial communal dumps abound in the city)

• All are managed by ZLGA

Transfer Loading Stations:

• 6 community based Material recovery facilities and transfer stations

• All are managed by ZLGA

Equipments:

• 38 vehicles mainly tippers, side loaders and pay loaders

• All are managed by ZLGA as agreed with KEPA

Six waste aggregators (dealers) and nine industrial scale recyclers:

KEPA through ZLGA employs 300 administrative staff and manual waste workers:

The city host over 6000 informal waste pickers including children:

SWM Business and Employment Potential Business Growth and Employment Potentials

• At 25% recycling rate, end-of-waste resources of $ 240, 000 can potentially be recovered daily;

• Value of recycled waste per day - $ 12, 328

• Kaduna has the potential to creat 6700 more jobs in the SWM regime

• New investments in the SWM regimes can create more white collar jobs

Solid waste value chains

• Plastics: 10% of total wastestream, local recyclers abound

• Paper: 8%, only one local recycler

• Metals: 5%, recycled informally, no large scale foundry

• Organic Waste: 54%, currently landfilled and of no value

Emerging Issues In Waste Management

• Air quality (odor)

• Ground and Surface water quality

• Soil contamination

• Vermin and Communicable diseases

• End-of-waste resources

• Informal waste managers and Solid waste value chains

• Recycling opportunities

• Revenue

• Sustainability

Gaps and Challenges

• Emerging City – Rapid Urbanization

• Inadequate Infrastructure (No Landfill, poorly managed Waste Dumps, waste storage, collection points and transfers stations, communal MRFs)

• Limited Resources/ investments

• Lack of Experienced Manpower

• Low Public Participation

• Inadequate Waste Management Policies and technology

NEEDS AND WAY FORWARD

• A sustainable partnership for clean

Safe communities, Green Jobs and

improved Revenue from SWM

Kaduna Metropolis wishes to join JICA sponsored Africa

Clean Cities Platform

Thanks for Listening