enhanced oil recovery in a multilayer complex reservoir casabe … · 2017-05-26 · enhanced oil...
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Enhanced Oil Recovery in a Multilayer Complex ReservoirCasabe Project Case Study
Authors: Adriano Lobo (ECP), Carlos Chaparro (ECP), Jose Francisco Zapata (ECP), Ana Maria Jimenez (ECP), Thaer Gheneim (SLB), Annalyn Azancot (SLB)
Project BackgroundDiscovered in 1941~1,450 wells drilled by 2015Active waterfloodingFive Spot patterns~15 acre spacing Producing formations: Colorado, Mugrosa, La PazFluvial environmentLayered sand/shale sequence~ as many as 25 zones/producers18-25 API oil with ~ 30-80 cp viscosityOriginal pressure ~ 1,500 psia, Current range from 400-1,200 psia• k = 50-300 mD• RF ~ 20% pattern WF
-93.56 36.29SPC MD
3100
3150
3200
3250
3300
3350
3400
3450
3500
3550
3600
(3650)
(3692)
30450.00 30.00NORMAL
tope_COLORADO BS A0 F607 tA1b tA1d
A2
A2i
A3
CSBE0033 [MD]-100.73 14.21SPC MD
3050
3100
3150
3200
3250
3300
3350
3400
3450
3500
3550
3600
3636
29890.00 30.00N38
BS A0 A1 tA1b tA1d
A2
A2i
A3
bA3
CSBE0097 [MD]16.53 -17.11SPC MD
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3150
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30730.46 72.49AHT60
tope_COLORADO BS A0
A2
A3
A1 tA1d tA1b bA3
A2i
CSBE1068 [MD]
OVERBANK
CHANNEL BARS
CREVASSE
VERTICAL HETEROGENEITY DUE TO CHANNEL STACKING
MODIFIED FROM RAMON Y CROSS, 1997
Vertical and Horizontal Heterogeneity
Relative Preservation Of The Channels Sandstones Under Low And High A/S Conditions
Project Background– Large difference in mobility between oil and water in Casabe (Mw,o ~ 25)
– Maturity of secondary recovery create several operational problems in the field
• Increase of the water cut
• water influxes
• Increased volume of produced sand, etc.
– Heterogeneities create irregular water fronts, causing early water breakthrough
Source: Integrated Waterflood Asset Management. THAKUR Ganesh y SATTER
Abdus. 1998.
Where:
EV = Volumetric Efficiency
EA = Areal Efficiency
EI = Vertical Efficiency
Ev= EA x EI
IMPROVE SWEPT EFFICIENCY
↑Increase Water
Viscositydrd
DrD
k
kM
Mobility Ratio Modification
↓
5 Year EOR Cycle Time
Screening
Pilot Design
Pilot Drilling
& Installation
Pilot Operation &
Surveillance
Pilot Expansion
Full Field Devt Plan
Lab/Tracer Studies
No Economic
Technique
Final Costs
Uneconomic
Incremental not
Delivered or Proven
Follow-up
Doesn’t Deliver
Full Field
Uneconomic
0 6 12 18 36 -42 54-60
Go-No Go Decisions
Technique
Pilot Areas
Budget
Predictions
Pilot Plan
AFEs
Proof of Concept
Early Cash
Reserves & FID
Deliverables
EOR Project Implementation Process + Focus Team
Project Manager
Reservoir Engineer
G&G
Production Technologist
Well Construction Engineer
Facilities Engineer
Production Optimization
Economic Analyst
Supply Chain Support
ScreeningConceptual
DesignPilot Design
Pilot Well Construction
Pilot Operation
Lab StudiesEOR Prefer
Vendor Selection
EOR Contract
Product & Facilities Delivery
Facilities Design
Facilities
Contract
Facilities Construction
InterWell Tracers
Contract
Well Intervention
InterWell Tracers
Tracer Analysis
0 6 12 18 24
Months
MonitoringTech.
InstallationBaseline
Construction
Screening
Screening criteria for EOR processes• Formation type/lithology• Reservoir geology• Oil Composition and Oil Viscosity• Formation Water Salinity and Divalents• Reservoir Temperature• Formation Permeability
Operational issues to consider• Availability of injecting agents (Water, Gas,
CO2, N2)• Pattern configuration and well spacing• Well Completion • Facilities configuration and constrains• Energy• Environmental and Legal Regulations
EORt Workflow
Conceptual DesignTwo Polymer Flooding Pilots for mobility control and Sor
Reduction EOR; variation in chemical make up for differentK/V shale
– One in Average Rock Quality, swept.
– One in Best Rock Quality, swept
Two layers comprising >30% of OOIP
EOR Pilot Areas
B6
B3((4 arrangements*3 streamlines)/4)+(1 arrangement*4 streamlines) = 4 Wells
Injector
Producer
Observation
9
Oil and water saturations
Polymer concentrationLow High
EOR Experimental Tests Digital RockViscosity modification with
HMPA Polymer
Viscosity modification with Associative Polymer
Surfactant Phase Behavior
Core Flooding
Tracer Technology
Tracer injection Zone
InjectorProducer
Sampling Valve
InterWell Tracer Irruptions Map
Black 2 FBA CSBE-1292 A2i
Red 4 FBA CSBE-1292 A2
Green 2,3,4,5 FBA CSBE-1313 A2i
Blue 3,5 FBA CSBE-1313 A2
Pink 2,6 FBA CSBE-1222 A2i
Grey 2,3,4 FBA CSBE-1222 A2
Oranje 3,5 DFBA CSBE-1304 A2
Yellow 3,4 FBA CSBE-1304 A2i
• InterWell Tracer Irruption observed on both sands A2(Upper) and A2i (Lower)
• InterWell Tracers confirm Sand deposition direction.• Irruption on 2nd line production wells confirm complex
channeling system.• Base on irruption times severe channeling is observed
between CSBE 1222 (INY) and CSBE-1159 (Central Well)
A2i Sand Example
Viscosity reduction test on injection valves
Circulation Valves
No reduction effect on 9 mm circulation valves. Dramatic viscosity reduction on flow regulation valves
cEOR Project Design
-2875
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-2875
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-2800-2775
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-3275
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-3200
-3175
-3150
1271250 1271250
1271500 1271500
1271750 1271750
1272000 1272000
1272250 1272250
1272500 1272500
1018000
1018000
1018250
1018250
1018500
1018500
1018750
1018750
1019000
1019000
1019250
1019250
CB-0058R
CB-0164R
CB-0367
CB-0387R
CB-0417
CB-0443
CB-0468
CB-0515
CB-0520
CB-0526
CB-0534CB-0535
CB-0536CB-0537
CB-0543CB-0544
CB-0551CB-0553CB-0554
CB-0718R
CB-1159CB-1159
CB-1162
CB-1164CB-1164
CB-1200
CB-1202
CB-1209
CB-1222
CB-1285
CB-1289CB-1292
CB-1296
CB-1301
CB-1304
CB-1308
CB-1313
CB-1349
CB-1520
Producer
Polymer/Tracer Inj.
Observation
• Block 6. 4 Polymer Injector Wells 9 Oil Producer Wells 1 Observation Well Comingle Production Selective Polymer Injection
Completion Scheme
Pattern Distribution
Porous Media
• Four (1/4) Injectors
Five Spot Pattern
• Four injectors
Four Inverted Five Spot Patterns
• Sixteen Injectors
Four Inverted Five Spot Pattern
Simulation Cases
Implementation of the surveillance plan
Selective injection
Water flow regulator valves
Commingled production
Low Production Rates
Poor production monitoring
No real time data for production/injection optimization
Sand production
Different type of ALS with rods
High water cut
Casing/tubing damage
Preparation & Baseline
• Understand actual well behavior.
• Know actual well mechanical conditions
• Identify prod/inj. enhancement opportunities before the pilot
• Baseline preparation
Monitoring During Pilot
• Monitoring key variables to make decisions related to changes in injection parameters.
• Ensure wells are operating at optimum conditions
Pilot Evaluation
Pilot Expansion
No Go
Surveillance plan
What are we injecting?Is the polymer is under specifications?
QinjPinj
Where we are injecting? All layers are taking polymer?
Effect on the producer. Increase of oil production?
Corrosion and MultiFinger logsPLT at different flow rates (SIP analysis)Multiphase flow meters
Injectors:• Initial injection profile• Injectivity tests• Sand in annular
Observation well:• Initial oil saturation• Initial formation pressure
Reservoir:• InterWell tracers
Preparation & Baseline Monitoring During Pilot
Initial Evaluation:
Producers:• Casing integrity evaluation• Initial production distribution• Production baseline
DSLWS surface pumpsRST silicon activation log
RST-C/OXPT
Well connectivityChannel sizeBreakthrough times NT in Casabe
Data Acquisition program:
NT in Casabe
Preparation & Baseline Monitoring During Pilot
Frecuency 31-Jan-15 28-Feb-15 31-Mar-15 30-Apr-15 31-May-15 30-Jun-15 31-Jul-15 30-Aug-15 30-Sep-15 30-Oct-15 30-Nov-15 31-Dec-15
Prodution monitoring with multiphase flow meters
(# of well tests monthly)2 well test daily 60 56 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Wellhead preassure Real time 30 28 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
ALS parameters Real time 30 28 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
PLT with wireline Each 6 months 1 1 2
Downhole pressue gauges # gauges installed 4 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Polymer injection presure and rate Daily 30 28 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Viscosity, concentration, filter ratio Daily 30 28 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Polymer stock Weekly 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Injection profiles Each 2 weeks 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Oil saturation Each 6 months 1 1
Formation pressure
(PLT and downhole pressure gauges)As requiered 1 1 1 1 2
QA/QC (days per month)
QC polymer, polymer breaktrough in producers ,
water quality, viscosity, filter ratio, concentration
Monthly 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Polymer specifications
Prod/Inj AnalysisPolymer injection process
Fluids movement in reservoir
Flowing and Formation pressures
EOR Pilot Performance Evaluation
Original Oil Saturation• Shows good Original Oil Saturation• Not sweep oil
Well LocationObservation Well
OBSERVATION WELL OBJECTIVES
• Observation well to evaluate
increase in sweep efficiency of
polymer injection in A2/A2i
sands.
• Infill drilling well to evaluate the
efficiency of reduction in the
injection – production pattern
spacing.
RST BaseRST TL1
RST TL1RST TL2
RST TL2RST Base
Average So
A B C D E F
B: Oil saturation increase between October 2014 and April 2015
D: Oil saturation decrease between Abril 2015 y October 2015
F: Total Oil Saturation Change entre October 2014 y October 2015
RST Time Lapse. A2 Sand
RST BaseRST TL1
RST TL1RST TL2
RST TL2RST Base
So Promedio
A B C D E F
RST Time Lapse. A2i Sand
B: Oil saturation change between October 2014 and April 2015
D: Oil saturation change between Abril 2015 y October 2015
F: Total Oil Saturation Change entre October 2014 y October 2015
CSBE-01PO
1. Initial Saturation Condition :Original So
2. RST @ 6 months: So increase, oilfront reached observation well.
3. RST @ 1 year:• Preferential drainage.• Channels with So reduction
due polymer flood effect, oilis pushed to neighbor wells.
• Channels with So increasedue polymer flood effect,entrapment due to lack ofdrainage points.
4. Proof of concept of areal sweepincrease.
Flow Behavior
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sio
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psi
]
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ud
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[bb
l/d
]
CAUDAL BLS
PRESION PSI
Injector Well CSBE-1222
WFR No WFR
Polymer
CSBE-1222 shows good injectivity both water and polymer.1. Concentration reduction to 400 ppm2. Conformance with mother solution at 3000 ppm - A2i 3. Hypochlorite Clean Up - A2
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psi
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Ca
ud
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bb
l/d
]
CAUDAL BLS
PRESION PSI
WFR No WFR
Polymer
1
2
Injector Well CSBE-1304
CSBE-1304 shows reduction of injectivity due lack of drainage points.1. Concentration reduction to 400 ppm2. Hypochlorite Clean Up - A2. Injection increased.
B6 Pilot Pattern Performance Prior polymer injection, patternoptimization shows a increase inoil production.Polymer Injection stabilizationoccurred since January 2015.Dramatic water productiondecrease after polymer injection.Oil Production Increase after 8-9months of polymer injection.
B6 Pilot Pattern Performance
Oil production increased after pattern optimization. Afterpolymer injection oil production decrease slightly butwater production decrease drastically.After 8-9 month oil increase.
Sweep efficiency increaseobserved after WaterFlooding optimization.Polymer Flood show sweepefficiency over Waterflooding. Decrease barrel ofwater injected by barrel oilproduced.
B6 Pilot Pattern Performance
4.8 BWI/BOP
3.7 BWI/BOP
2.5 BWI/BOP
Facilities Installation
Polymer Unit Control Panel
Polymer Mixing and Injection Unit
Polymer Mixing and Injection Unit
Polymer injection started in October 28 2014, in four polymer injector wells. Total injection capacity is 3.000 B/D of 500 ppm polymer solution at 2,000 psi
Individual pump for each injector is used
to allow individual pressure control
Conclusions• Fast Track EOR is feasible and achievable
With the right integration of Operator and Service Provider(s):18 months to pilot online36 months to proof of concept
• One Stop Shop to minimized tender, decision and handovers delays• Successful Implementation of Casabe Pilot Project• A surveillance plan for any EOR pilot is key to ensure the collection of critical data that will
allow a proper evaluation of the pilot.• The surveillance plan is determined by the characteristics and challenges of each field.• The implemented plan is far more robust than conventional surveillance used at the field.• Design, Operation & Surveillance must still be best in class and focus on earliest proof of
concept• A structured Team dedicated to the project is fundamental for success• Synergy between different players across the organization are crucial to implement a fast
track project