enhanced aquifer recharge cp priju

8/3/2019 Enhanced Aquifer Recharge CP Priju

1/57

Enhanced Aquifer Recharge in the Coastal

an an erra ns o era a

Dr. C.P.Priju

Scientist B, Groundwater Division, -


2/57

HYDROLOGICCYCLE


3/57

VERTICALDISTRIBUTIONOFGROUNDWATER


4/57

RECHARGEANDDISCHARGEZONESINAQUIFERS


5/57

ARTIFICIALRECHARGE

Processb whichthe roundwaterreservoirisau mentedatarateexceedingnaturalreplenishment

ENHANCEDAQUIFERRECHARGE(ManagedRecharge)

Anyengineeredsystemdesignedtointroduceandstorewaterinan

aquifer

INCIDENTALRECHARGE

Rechargethat

reaches

an

aquifer

from

human

activities

not

designed

specificallyforrecharge


6/57

RATEOFRECHARGE


7/57

RECHARGESYSTEMS


8/57

HYDROGEOLOGYANDGEOMORPHOLOGY

PHYSIOGRAPHY

,


9/57

STRATIGRAPHY

AGE FORMATION LITHOLOGY

, , .

Sub-Recent Laterite Derived from Crystallines and Sedimentaries

Tertiary

Warkali

Quilon

Vaikom

Sand stone, clays with lignite

Lime stone, marl and clay

Sandstone with pebbles, clay and lignite

Alleppe Carbonaceous clay and fine sandUndated Intrusives

Dolerite, Gabbro, Granites,Quartzofeldspathic Veins

Wayanad

rc aeanCharnockitesKhondalites

, .

Charnockites and associated rocksKhondalite suite of rocks and its associates


10/57

HYDROGEOLOGY

Groundwater occurrence phreatic,semiconfinedandconfinedconditions

rea caqu ers wea ere crys a nes, a er esan ea uv a orma ons

Confinedtosemiconfinedaquifers deepfracturesinthecrystallines andtheranularzonesintheTertiar sedimentar formations

MidlandAquifers

Crystallineaquifers(Weathered;semiconfined)Alluvium(Loam,Riverine;phreatictosemiconfined)

CoastalAquifers

Alluvium(Sand,Clay,Marshy;phreatictosemiconfined) , , ,

confinedtoconfined)


11/57

FRACTUREGEOMETRYINCRYSTALLINEAQUIFERS


12/57

COASTALSCENERIO

Consistgenerallyofthetypicalridgeandrunneltopography

Ridgeshavingmorethickcoastal

sandyalluvium

and

runnels

with

lesserthicknessofsand

Affectedbytidalinfluxandwillnotsustainexcessivepumping/deeper

extractionwhich

results

in

salinity

Alappuzha coast

Generallythesandthicknessnearthecoastis13monlywhichisunderlain

y

ac

organ c

c ay

n

most

p aces

Freshwaterisavailableonlyinsandyhorizon

Inmostoftheareassalinewatercomes

inland

through

channels


13/57

AquiferRecharge


14/57

SURFACESPREADINGTECHNIQUES

Theaquifertoberechargedshouldbeunconfinedandsufficientlythicktoprovidestoragespace

Thevadose zoneshouldbepermeableandfreefromclaylensesthatmaycauseperchedwaterconditions

Groundwaterlevelsinthephreaticaquifershouldbedeepenoughtoaccommodate

thewater

table

rise,

avoiding

possible

water

logging

conditions.

Theaquifermaterialshouldhavemoderatehydraulicconductivitysothattherechargedwaterisretainedforasufficientlylongperiodintheaquiferandcanbeusedatthetimeofneed

Topographyplaysanimportantroleincontrollingtherechargerate

reaswith entl slo in landwithout ulliesorrid esaremostsuitedforsurfacewaterspreadingtechniques


15/57

FloodingTechnique

S readin sur lussurfacewaterfromcanalsorstreamsover

large

areas

for

a

sufficientlengthoftimetorec arge egroun wa erbody

Thewater

conserved

in

the

groundwaterstoragecanbepumpedforaugmentingcanalsuppliesduringsummerorto

adjacentareas


16/57

DitchandFurrowmethod

Suitableinareaswithirre ulartopography

Shallow,flatbottomedandcloselyspace c esor urrowsprov emaximumwatercontactareaforrechargewaterfromthesourcestreamor

canal

Requireslesssoilpreparationthanrechargebasinsandislesssensitiveto


17/57

reamwa er

s

ver e

o

e

ee er

canal/ditch,fromwhichsmallerditchesaremadeatrightangles

Waterisdivertedfromthemaincanaltoaseriesofsmallerditchesspreadinadendritic pattern

Ditchesareexcavatedfollowingtheroundsurfacecontourofthearea


18/57

DirectRechargeinshallowanddeepaquifer


19/57

RechargeBasin

Watercontacttimeislongerforthestoredwater

Suspendedmaterial

in

the

source

water

is

reduced

as

water

flows

from

upstreambasinstothosebelow

er o cma n enancesuc asscrap nge c. ores ore n ra onra escanbedonebybypassingthebasinconcerned


20/57

CoastalStratigraphy atAlappuzha region


21/57

RUN

OFF

CONSERVATION

STRUCTURES

Increasetheavailabilityofgroundwater

n ancesus a na ey e o aqu ers

Improvequalityofgroundwaterthroughdilution

Arrestdecliningtrendsofwaterlevels

Preventdepletion

of

groundwater

reservoirs

in

areas

of

Decreasefloodsonlocalandregionalareas

Reducepressure

on

storm

drains

in

urban

areas

Enhancethequalityoftheenvironment


22/57

Contourbunding Terracing


23/57

PercolationTank

Yethadka,Kasargode


24/57

RWHpond IIMCampusKozhikode(1.5acresarea)

RWHin

coconut

plantation Kannur


25/57

MedicalCollege,Thrissur (50mx30m)

Roofwater

Harvesting

Pond

Intakewelldownstreamsideofthepond


26/57

Rechargepit

Rechargeshafts


27/57

CoastalpondsatKodungallur controlgroundwatersalinity


28/57

CoastalPond

at

Mararikkulam ,

Alappuzha controls

ground

water

salinity


29/57


30/57


31/57

Recharge

through

abandoned

bore

hole


32/57


33/57

Gravityhead

recharge

well

or

bore

hole


34/57

Borewellrecharge (CGWB)


35/57

Recharge pit(borewell)atCoimbatore

Rechargepitalong roadside

drain

at

Coimbatore


36/57

Rechar ethrou hPit/Dugwell/Bore


37/57

Groundwaterrechargethroughfractures


38/57

Earthdam


39/57

Sanddam


40/57

CheckdamatRama uram Pala

VCBacross

Pamba at

Arattukadavu


41/57

Checkdamcumpercolationpond Coimbatore


42/57

Checkdam

Ooty (highland

area)


43/57

Vetenery CollegeMannuthy Thrissur


44/57

Checkdam atPadikadavu (KWA),ThirunellaiKannadi (Nila)RiverPalakkad


45/57

SubsurfaceClaydam


46/57

Subsurfacemasonrydam


47/57

SubsurfaceDyke(Masonry) constructedbyCGWB atKAUResearchstationKollam


48/57

AdvantageofGWR IncreaseinQuantity


49/57

AdvantageofGWR QualityRemediation


50/57

PONDSas GroundWaterRechargeStructures


51/57

g

Perlassery Kannur


52/57

Kodungallur


53/57

Cherpu,Thrissur


54/57

Vadakkechira Thrissur

FUTUREPROSPECTS


55/57

Wasterwaterrecharge andqualityremediation


56/57

ASR Aquifer

Storage

and

Recovery

(Stormwater)

In ectionwells

(Treated

water)


57/57

enhanced aquifer recharge cp priju

Documents