english notes exam revision
TRANSCRIPT
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Colloquialism
{an informal word or phrase that is more usual
in conversation than in formal speech or
writing.}
English NotesVISUAL ANALYSIS
What to look for:
* Facial expressions
* Setting time &place
* Background & Foreground
* Actions of characters what are they doing?
* What message/theme is being conveyed?
* Language being used:
o Slang
o Jargon
o Colloquialism
Use these steps:
First glance
* Look at the cartoon you were given or selected and list
any of the following you see:
o Title:
o Objects/People:
o Words/Phrases:
o Dates/Numbers:
o
SensoryQualities Are lines bold, fussy, light, hard or soft?
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Taki a l l k
* Images
o i objectsare edassymbols?
o y ere t esymbols sedand at do t eyrepresent?
o Isanyt ingexaggerated?How?
o Is t e artoonrealisticorabstract?
o ist adjecti es t at describeemotions isible in
t ecartoon.
* Words
o
ichwordsorphrasesappear tobe important?
hy?
artoonPurpose
* escribeactiontakingplace in thecartoon.
* Explainhow thewords in thecartoonexplain the
symbols.
* hat is themessageof thecartoon?
* hoare thepeoplewhomightagreewith thecartoon?
HAT MIGHT BE THE PUBLICSREACTIONTO
THIS ARTOON?
PUNCTUATION
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Important ones:
* Parenthesis ( ),, o E planationo
Additional information* Hyphen- -
o Links prefi eso Differentiate meaningso Linked lines
* Dash- oPause
Dramatic, clima , anti-clima
o Additional infoo Comment, afterthought
* Ellipsis-
o Incomplete
o uess meaning
THE APOST OPHE
* Used for contractions e.g. I + had = Id
o Letters omitted Will + not = Wont
* Possession or Ownership
o Owner{the person/people the object relates to }
Singular: after single noun
y e.g. The car of the family = the familys car Plural: after plural noun
y e.g. The school of the boys = the boys
school.
o Ending in:
s, we add s
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y e.g. rs Talissclass loves her very much.
Biblical/Classical ends in s, add
y E.g. Herculesstrength was legendary.
Common noun in ss, we add s
y Hilary is the head bosss wife.
o Already a plural?
Just add s
y E.g. womens clothing childrensrights
PA TS OF SPEECH {tum, tum, tum}
* Abstract noun:
o Feel
oHe/she is full of
o E.g. intelligence, perseverance
* Pronoun
o E.g. He, she, it etc.
o In place of noun (Name, Common Noun)
* Adverb
o Tell more about verb
o *often end in ..ly
o When, where, how?
o E.g.He ran{verb} fast(how)at the athletics
meeting(where)
yesterday.(when)
* Preposition
o elate two words
o E.g. The kid sat on his moms lap
Note:Prepositions can also show
locations in time: At
midnight,Jill craved mashed potatoes
with grape jelly.
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* Verbs:
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT
(general) (at the moment) (already done)
Present I drive I am driving I havedriven
Past I drove I was driving I haddriven
Future I shalldrive
I shall be driving I shall havedriven
o Finite verbs
Stand alone, no au illary With subject = complete sentence
She plays They argue
Has number =
One girls plays netball
any play
Has tense =
TodayI play, yesterdayI
played, tomorrowI shall play.
o The INFINITIVE
toafter verb = infinitive
Always followed by finite verb
E.g. she wants{verb}
to discuss
ustn't be split
I am going to definitely
compete{verb}. X
I am definitely going to
compete{verb}
.D
* Participles
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o Combined auxiliaryverb and finite verb+ ing/ed
o E.g. clouds hadformed before the storm
o Can't stand alone
E.g. The tap leaking.
X
The tap is leaking.D
PRESENTTENSE
PASTTENSE
PRESENTPARTICIPLE
PASTPARTICIPLE
I play. I played. I am playing I have played.
He eats. He ate. He is eating. He has eaten.You swim. You
swam.You wereswimming.
You haveswum.
They draw. Theydrew.
They aredrawing.
They havedrawn.
Present Participles:
y Continous, end in ingy He reads. He is reading He was reading He will be
reading
y I participate. I am participating.. I was participating.. I
shall be participat ing
Past Participles:y Help make past tense, end in ed, d, en orn
o Afterhad , have, has, was, were
o E.g. The gift was given to the child.
o The fingerprints were matched to the
suspect.
y To form PastP, imagine I have before the
verb.
o E.g. I offer my services. I have offered my
services.
o Au iliary Verbs
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Helping verb
Always before a verb: She has
done{verb} her work.
R
egulates tense : We couldsee
{verb}the sun rising.
Common e.g.
Am, are, be, can, could, had,
has, is, was, were, will, would
o The Linking Verb
Verb to be (is,am,are) = linking
verb Connects noun with noun/adjective
E.g. The man is a soldier.{noun}
The man is brave.{adjective}
CONCORD
* Subject and verb agree in number and person
o Decide whether verb should be single or plural:
Find subject
Decide single/plural?
atch verb to subj.
y E.g.
o I
(1st person s)
eat. We
(1st person p)
eat.
o You(2nd person s)
eat. All
of you(2nd person p) eat.
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y E.g. No-one may hand in his work
late. No-one may hand in their
work late.