English Language IUnit 1/ Unit 2

AnglicizmiJutros sam rano došao u ofis. Taman sam krenuo da nešto isprintam na printeru kad, po difoltu, ulazi koleginica koja kod nas radi PR i kaže da je dosta ljudi apliciralo za sve pozicije koje smo oglasili u novinama.

Najveće interesovanje je za poziciju oficira za nabavke, mada ih je dosta apliciralo i za IT dipartment. Imaju dobre CV-je. Sada im se zakazuju intervjui i kad dođu treba da popune još i aplikacionu formu.

Mogu misliti kakva će gužva biti u ofisu, a ja još treba da napravim agendu za sastanak na kojem ćemo raspravljati o studiji fizibiliteta sa kompletnim stafom u ofisu. Moramo dobro vidjeti kakvi će biti benefiti od ovog dila, ali finalnu odluku donijeće ipak glavni disižn mejkeri.

Unit 1

to manage /’mænɪʤ/, v.

to take care or charge of; to handle, direct, govern or control in action or use

to have control over something (business, department, sports team, etc.)

to take care of and make decisions about (someone’s time, money, etc.)

to direct the professional career of (someone, such as an entertainer or athlete)

Unit 1

management /ˈmænɪʤmənt/, n.

the act or skill of controlling and making decissions about a business, department, sport team, etc.

the people who make decisions about a business, department, sport team, etc.

Unit 1

manager /ˈmænɪʤɚ/, n.

someone who is in charge of a business, department, etc.

someone who directs the professional career of an entertainer or athlete

manageress /ˈmænɪʤərəs/, n.

Unit 1

managerial /ˌmænəˈʤirijəl/, adj.

relating to the skill or process of controlling and making decissions about a business or organization

of or relating to a manager or group of managers

Unit 1

as ... as poređenje jednakosti

We use “as ... as” to say that two people or things are equal in some way.

She’s as tall as her brother.

Is it as good as you expected?

Unit 1

to organize /ˈoɚgəˌnaɪz/, v.

to arrange and plan

organizer /ˈoɚgəˌnaɪzɚ/, n.

Unit 1businessman /ˈbɪznəsˌmæn/, n.

a man who works in business especially in a high position

a man who is dealing with business and financial matters

entrepreneur /ˌɑ:ntrəprəˈnɚ/, n.

a person who starts a business and is willing to risk loss in order to make money

entrepreneurship

Unit 1

What are the differences between a businessman, a manager and an entrepreneur?

Unit 1

to complain /kəmˈpleɪn/, v.

complaint /kəmˈpleɪnt/, n.

complainant /kəmˈpleɪnənt/, n.

Unit 1whether... or

“It doesn’t matter whether ... or”

Whether we go by bus or train, it’ll

take at least six hours.

We’ll have to pay the same for the

hotel room, whether we leave today

or stay till the end of the week.

Unit 1

to bankrupt /ˈbæŋkˌrʌpt/, v.

bankrupt /ˈbæŋkˌrʌpt/, n.

bankruptcy /ˈbæŋkˌrʌptsi/, n.

Unit 1

employee / ɪmˌploɪˈi:/, n. - a person who works for another person or for a company for wages or a salary

employer / ɪmˈplojɚ/, n. - a person or company that has people who do work for wages or a salary

Unit 1

Homework: Mastering English, page 7 – 10

Simple Present Tense

I speak we speak

you speak you speak

he/she/it speaks they speak

Do you speak?Does he speak?

You don’t speak...He doesn’t speak...

Simple Present TenseUpotreba:

1. Za izražavanje opštepoznatih činjenica, u poslovicama, i sl. (“general truth”)

The earth moves round the sun.

2. Za radnju koja se dešava/ponavlja po nekom ustaljenom redoslijedu, ili navici i običaju

I come to the class every day.

He always sleeps with his window open.

* Priloške odredbe za vrijeme: always, never, sometimes, usually, often, in spring/winter..., on Mondays, on Tuesdays, every day/week/month/year

Simple Present Tense

3. Za izražavanje buduće radnje o kojoj je odluka već donijeta

My train leaves at 6.30.

He sets sails tomorrow, and comes back next month.

4. Za izražavanje buduće radnje, poslije: when, until, provided, if, as soon as, while

Don’t write until I tell you.

Present Continuous Tense

I am going We are going

You are going You are going

He/she/it is going They are going

I am going out.

Are you going out?

I am not going out.

Present Continuous Tense

Upotreba:1. Koristi se da opiše radnju koja je u toku baš u trenutku

kada se o njoj govoriWhat are you doing?I am reading a book.The sun is shining.

2. Za radnju koja će se desiti u tzv. bliskoj budućnosti, a posebno uz glagole kretanja (leave, come, go) i uz odgovarajuće odredbe za vrijeme: tomorrow, this evening, next weekWe are going to Paris on Friday; we are leaving from London airport.John is coming here next week and is staying here until August.What are you doing next Saturday?

Present Continuous Tense

3. Za radnju koja nije u toku u trenutku govora o njoj ali je aktuelna u tom periodIs my son working hard this term? Yes, he is trying his best now.Are you negotiating with your partner from London?

* Po pravilu, postoje glagoli koji se ne javljaju u sadašnjem trajnom vremenu, kao što su, npr. glagoli percepcije – see, hear, feel, taste, smell, i sl. Tu su takođe i glagoli kao što su: like, love, understand, cost, te modalni glagoli: can, may, must, need, i sl.U izuzetnim slučajevima kada je neki od ovih glagola upotrebljen u Present Continuous Tense, on ima značenje koje je drugačije od njegovog osnovnog značenja.I am seeing Margaret tomorrow. / seeing – meeting, visitingI am not hearing as well as I used to. / hearing – my sense of hearing is not as good as it used to be

Simple Present Tense vs.

Present Continuous TenseTrajno vrijeme se koristi da opiše radnju koja traje

određeni vremenski period ali koja će se prije ili kasnije završiti, a ako je radnja, po svojoj prirodi trajna (stalna) koristi se Simple Present Tense.

Where does Henry work? – in his permanent jobWhere is Henry working at present? – his

temporary job

Westminster Bridge crosses the Thames near the House of Parliament. – permanent

Our bus is now crossing the Thames at Westminster Bridge. – temporary

Unit 1

Homework: Mastering English, page 11 – 12

Mastering English, page 15 - 17

Indefinite Article: a/an

Koristimo ga samo uz brojive imenice u jednini:1. Sa značenjem jedan, neki, bilo koji:

I have a sister and two brothers.Please pass me a fork.A triangle has three sides.

2. U određenim izrazima za mjeru:He drove the car at ninety miles an hour.We have lessons three times a week.He earns £ 1,000 a year.

3. Ispred dozen, hundred, thousand, millionThere are a dozen eggs here.A hundred sheep were in the field.

Indefinite Article: a/an4. Ispred imenica koje označavaju zanimanje, religiju, klasu, i

sl.George wants to be an engineer.Her father is an officer.

5. Sa značenjem “neki, izvjesni”A Mr. Johnson called to see you when you were out.(“A” has the meaning “I have no idea who he is, but he said his name was Mr. Johnson”)

6. U uskličnim rečenicama koje počinju sa riječi what, gdje je imenica brojiva i u jedniniWhat a foolish thing to do!What a pretty girl!What a day!

Definite Article: theKoristi se:1. Ispred imenice koja je definisana (objašnjena) u nastavku

rečeniceThis is the book I promised to lend you.

2. Sa značenjem “jedan i jedini” (the only one), kada je nešto samo jednoThe sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

3. Sa značenjem “the one we have just spoken about”Once upon a time there was a little boy who lived in a cottage. The cottage was in the country and the boy had lived there all his life.

4. Ispred rednih brojevaQueen Elizabeth II (the second), the first

Definite Article: the5. Ispred imena država koje se unija manjih država ili onih koje imaju

oblik množinethe United Kingdom, the United States of America, the Sudan, the Netherlands

6. Ispred grupe ostrvathe West Indies, the Bahamas

7. Ispred imena rijeka, okeana i planinskih vijenacathe Danube, the Atlantic, the Alps, the Andes

8. Ispred naziva brodova, aviona i vozovathe Queen Mary, the Flying Scotsman, the Comet

9. Ispred naziva hotela, pozorišta, bioskopa, muzeja i drugih institucijathe Ritz Hotel, the Odeon Cinema, the Midland Bank

Definite Article: the

10. Ispred imenica kojima generalizujemo vrstuThe horse is being replaced by the tractor.

11. Ispred naziva muzičkih instrumenata, generalnoMrs. Priestly plays the piano, and Mr. Priestly is learning the violin.

12. Ispred superlative pridjevaThis is the oldest building in town.

13. Ispred naziva novenaThe Sunday Times

14. The Hague

Word Building: re-

consider – reconsider razmotriti – ponovo razmotriti

write – rewrite napisati – ponovo napisati

sale – resale prodaja – ponovna prodaja

print – reprint odštampati – preštampati

open – reopen otvoriti – ponovo otvoriti

make – remake napraviti – ponovo napraviti, prepraviti

fit – refit opremiti – ponovo opremiti

order – reorder naručiti – ponovo naručiti

cycle – recycle ponovo upotrebiti

Word Building: re-• Will you reconsider our offer?

• The teacher asked him to rewrite the essay.

• He buys baseball collectibles and then holds them for resale.

• She gave permission to reprint her article.

• The restaurant will reopen in April.

• They will be remaking the film with American actors.

• They’re refitting the building with hardwood floors.

• I had to reorder the shirt because they sent the wrong size.

• They’re studying various ways to recycle garbage into fuel.

Unit 2

far /fa:/ - dalek, udaljen

farther /’fa:ðә/ -dalji, dalje (komparativ of “far”)

further /’fә:ðә/ -dalji, dodatni

Unit 2farther se odnosi na fizičku udaljenost

further se odnosi na metaforičku (figurativnu) udaljenost

Your house is farther from the school than ours.

I’m too tired to walk any further.

London is farther north than Juneau.

This plan requires further study.

Unit 2Farther shows a relation to physical distance. If you can replace the

word farther with more miles than you have done it correctly.

Our car drove farther than I thought it would on one tank of gas.

I wanted to run farther, but I became to exhausted.

Our house is farther away from the restaurant than yours.

Further relates to metaphorical distance or depth. It is also another way of saying additional.

I asked that there be further discussion on the matter.

I hope that gas price drop further for our road trip vacation.

Look no further.

Unit 2few vs. a few

few = very few or none at all – malo i nedovoljno

a few = not a large number – malo ali dovoljno

Few people know the answer to this question.

Few things annoy me more than exaggeration.

There are a few books on the table.

I’ve been to a few countries in western Europe.

Unit 2

enough /I’nɅf/- dosta, dovoljno, prilično

uvijek stoji iza priloga ili pridjeva

good enough, fast enough, big enough

Nouns

There are two grammatical numbers in English:

singular – to denote one

plural – to denote more than one

Only countable nouns can be used in plural!

NounsNajveći broj imenica gradi množinu dodavanjem nastavla –s, odnosno –es.

book / books

cat / cats

dog / dogs

Nastavak –es se dodaje na riječi koje se završavaju slovima –s, –sh, –ch, –x, –z

glass / glasses

brush / brushes

church / churches

box / boxes

NounsNastavak –es se dodaje i na riječi koje se završavaju na slovo –o

potato / potatoes

hero / heroes

volcano / volcanoes

osim kod onih imenica koje još uvijek “zvuče” kao “strane riječi kao i onih kod kojih završnom slovu –o prethodi samoglasnik

piano / pianos

photo / photos

studio / studios

radio / radios

Nouns

Imenice koje se završavaju na –y a kome prethodi suglasnik u množini –y mijenjaju u –ies

lady / ladies

story / stories

army / armies

NounsRiječi koje se završavaju na –f ili –fe u većini slučajeva u množini se mijenjaju u –ves

leaf / leaves

wife / wives

thief / thieves

ali postoji i čitav niz imenica koje se završavaju na –f ili –fe a kojima se u množini samo dodaje –s

roof / roofs

gulf / gulfs

belief / beliefs

NounsNepravilna množina

1. Osam imenica u engleskom jeziku gradi množinu promjenom suglasnika (“mutacija”):

man / men

tooth / teeth

foot / feet

mouse / mice

woman / women

goose / geese

louce / lice

dormouse / dormice

Nouns2. Neke riječi imaju isti oblik i u jednini i u množini:

sheep / sheep

fish / fish

deer / deer

3.Tri riječi grade množinu dodavanjem nastavka –en:

child / children

ox / oxen

brother / brotheren (= members of the same society or

religious order)

Nouns

Postoje i one imenice u engleskom jeziku koje imaju samo oblik množine, npr. news, pants, shorts;

ali postoje i one bez oblika za množinu kao što su npr. advice, information, knowledge, progress, i sl.

Nouns

Masculine gender: boy, king, uncle, prince

Feminine gender: girl, queen, aunt, princess

Common gender – imenice koje mogu označavati i muški i ženski rod: friend, doctor, cousin, child, guest, teacher, tourist, baby

NounsGenitiv

Postoje dva oblika:

Saksonski genitiv – gradi se dodavanjem ‘s na imenicu

the boy’s book / the boys’ books

Tom’s house

cat’s head

Normanski genitiv – of konstrukcija

the love of his wife

middle of the table

window of the shop

Unit 2

Homework: Mastering English, page 19 – 20