english language action pack 12 2nd semester khalid · web viewinfinitive noun adjective adverb...

English Language Action Pack 12 2 nd Semester Khalid.M.Bakri.0788469917 khalid_ [email protected]

VOCABULARY :

Infinitive Noun Adjective Adverb Meaning Arabic meaningAdvise advice advised advisedly recommend ينصحAge age aged Length of time a

person livesالعمر

colleague Persons work together

الزميل

Exercise exercise Physical practiceتمرينInteract interaction interactive interactively Work togetherيتفاعل

lifestyle الحياة نمطoutlook على يشرفsecret سر

socializesociety social socially mix with people الناس يخالطSucceed success successful successfully ينجحDesert dsertification deserted barren مهجورInhabit inhabitant inhabitable settle مقيمovercrowdover crowdednessovercrowding/edovercrowdinglypopulated too

muchمزدحم

permanence permanent permanently not changing دائمphenomenon phenomenal phenomenally perceptible ظاهرة

Profit profit profitable profitably beneficial مربحPublicize publicity public publicly known to peopleعامStress stress stressful stressfully pressure إجهاد

rural نائيtrend tendency ميل

Urbanize urbanization urban of a town حضريbiography biographical c.v حياتية سيرة

Blow ينفخbow الوتر بثني يعزفcareer مهنة

Cook cook يطبخhardworking نشيط

Hit hit strike بالضرب يعزفالطبلة على

Pluck pluck plucky pluckily pull off ينقرRepair repair repairable restore يصلح

strum play music وتر على يعزفBreak break breakable damage يحطمExhaust exhaustion exhaustive exhaustively use up completelyإرهاقChallengechallenge challengeable/ingchallengeably compete يتحدىConditioncondition conditional conditionally state وضع

elite النخبة

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expedition رحلةfrostbite الصقيع عضة

Inspire inspiration inspired/inspiringinspiringly يلهمRecord record recordable يسجل

summit القمةConstructconstruction constructive constructively بناء

dam سدDisrupt disruption disruptive disruptively break up المسار يحول

DivertForce force forcible forcibly obligation قوة

efficiency efficient efficiently بفاعليةLock lock locked قفلPurpose purpose purposeful purposefully هدف

reservoir ماء خزانtechnology technological technologically تكنولوجياbarber حالقchampion بطل

demonstratedemonstration demonstrative demonstratively يعرضdigit digital رقم

Dive بغوصgenius عبقريoutstanding متفهم

talent talented موهبةtheory theoretical theoretical Not practical نظريةtitle titeld لقب

Naturalisenature natural naturally Not artificial طبيعةThreaten threat Threatening يهددRemind reminder reminding يذكرExcite excitement Exciting/excitedexcitingly amazing يثيرVary variety varying varyingly different يتباينReside residence residential residentially Live in a placeيقيمCapitalizecapital capitalistic capitalistic يمولGovern government governmental governmentally يحكمAdministrateadministration administrative administratively يديرIndustrializeindustry industrial industrially يصنع

Finance Finance Financial Financially Related to money

يمول

Produce production productive productively ينتجPreserve preservation preservable يحف

ظDestroy destruction destructive destructively damage يدمرThreaten threat threatening expose to يهدد

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dangerskill skillful skillfully مهارةarchaeology archaeological archaeologically Related to

ruins علماالثار

Amaze amazement amazing amazingly interesting ممتعpeace peaceful peacefully not wild سالمmathematics mathematics mathematics related to

nob.رياضيات

The positions of (infinitive, noun, adjective, adverb) in the sentence.( fy ,ise , ate , en ) الفعل على تدل المقاطع هذه ( tion , sion , ment , ce, ence , ance , cy , bility , y , ism , ure , hood , ness , or , al ) االسم على تدل المقاطع هذه ( ly) الحال على يدل القطع هذا( al , ic , ful , ous , ive , ible , able , ing , ed , ant , ish , less, ent , ary , ist , )

الصفة على تدل المقاطع هذه(exceptions االستثناءات ( 1) Lovely , friendly , costly = صفات الكلمات هذه تعتبر ( 2) survival , arrival = أسماء الكلمات هذه تعتبر( 3) complement = فعل الكلمة هذه تعتبر ‘ , صفة إسم A ( INFINITIVE ) المجرد الفعل1) after the modals الفراغ بعد مجرد فعل وجود عدم بشرط ( can , could ,

may , might , shall, should , will , would , must )Example : Tom couldn’t ….. his sister’s marriage because he was ill .

(celebration)2) after the prep. ( to ) الجر حرف بعدExample : The doctor wanted to …… the children at once . (examination )3- ( let , make , made , help , don't , doesn't , didn't ) بعدExample : I will help you …… in the exam . (success)4- مثل وافعال بظرف الفراغ سبق إذا مجرد فعل الفراغ يكون can ,must ,

may , might , will , would , shall , do , did , does ( not)Example: Ansam couldn't easily ….. in the exam.(successful)B ( NOUN ) االسم

1) After these words if they aren't followed by a noun:الفراغ بعد اسم وجود عدم بشرط التالية الكلمات بعد :

( a , an , the , these , that , those , this , 's , my , your , our , his , its , their , her , for , from , in , on , at , any , many , much ,little , alittle few , afew , only , other , another , no , all ,( more , most ال ان بشرط

افعال احد يسبقهما (be)Examples:

1) I will never forget the …. I felt on my first day at school.(excite)2) When Lubna aid she was leaving , we stared at her in…. (astonish)C ( ADJECTIVE ) : الصفة

1- Before nouns : االسماء قبل

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Yesterday , I saw a…. lady walking upstairs . ( beauty)2)After some verbs like ( get , become , look , seem , appear , feel , grow )

Aseel looks ….. .She answered all the questions . ( amazement )3) After (be) if they are main verbs :

Anmar is ……. . ( intelligence )4)After the following words ( so , as , very , too , quite )Khalid is as ….. as a horse . ( strength )5)After adverbs like : extremely , definitely , amazingly…..etc .After the journey I was extremely ……… . ( exhaust )6)After ( more , most ) باحد مسبوقة تكون ان بشرط التالية الكلمات بعد be افعالSawsan is the most …… girl in my school . (beautify )D ( ADVERB ) :الظرف1) الفعل اجزاء انفصلت إذا ظرف الفراغ يكون

Hani was ……. Swimming in the pool . ( happy)2) معناه مكنمل الجملة الوقت وبنفس الجملة نهاية في الفراغ كان إذا

The students absorbed the ideas …….. ( quickness ) 3) بفاصلة متبوعا الجملة بداية في الفاغ كان اذا ……., ………… , I answered the first question . (wrong)

VOCABULARY : A- Complete these sentences with the most suitable word(s) from the box below

phenomenon frostbite demonstrate divert biography successful

1) ------------------ is person’s life written by another one.2) How would you ……… that the world is round?3) Is it possible to ………. her from her sad loss?4) He was killed by a …… while wandering in Alaska as the

weather was very bad.5) Some elderly people beg in the streets and that is a bad …… in

the modern societies.6) Abdullah has been a ……… king since 1999. His good deeds can

be seen everywhere.

الكالم اجزاء على تمارين

B – Complete these sentences with the correct form of the words between brackets:

1) Careless drivers can seriously …. the safety of children.( threat )

2) There is a wide …. Of entertainment in my town to choose . ( vary )

3) We shall never forget the …. we felt when we saw our old friends . (excite )

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4)Ansam is very …. at drawing as well as singing . ( skill)5) Aya got 70 out of 70 in the exam . she was …. Wonderful .

(amazing )6)It is known that poor countries are always in need of …

help( finance)7) We would like to live in a very small .. village near the

sea(peacefully) 8) …. weapons are international forbidden as they cause fatal

consequences. ( destroy )9) The patient recovered within a short time because he followed

his doctor’s ….. ( advise )10) Basel is liked by everyone in the town. His .. is well-known.

(popular) 11)Vienna has a great musical … (traditional )12)She received an excellent …. (educate)13)Ali's … has kept him away from school for a week.(ill)14) The .. of tourism in many countries declined.(develop)15) I just can't understand his …. (mental)16)My … for her kindness is great.(admire)17)There is very little .. in prices since last year.(differ)18)Our students suffered a lot from …. (exhaustedly)20)I'm still thinking about this … (decisive)21) … organizations are trying to persuade people to use public

transport.(Environmentally)22)Ahmed wanted to be a very … man.(succeed)23)………., women wear long white dresses in their weddings.

(Tradition)24) I .. met Khalid at the conference in Madrid.(Final)25) I would .. give up my job if I didn't need money.(happiness)26)The police found my handbag and , … , nothing had been

stolen.(happy)27)We don't … between the two groups-we treat everybody

respectfully.(difference)28)She stepped .. onto the stage and began singing.(confident)29)Mou'tasem spoke .. to us about his plans for the future.

(seriousness)30)The insurance company should .. the drivers after the tragic

accident.(compensation)31)Don't place too much… on her promises.(reliable)32)If they don't ….. by the instructions there will be no problem.(co-operation)33)The cost of the dam project has risen partly because of the

workers'…. .(inefficient)34)The date for the … of the dam project is 2015.(complete)

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35)The earthquake caused a terrible …. Across the country.(destruct)

36)The whole family was …. When Obadah won the prize.(astonishment)

36)Water sports and games are increasing in …every year.(popular)

37)All these changes will ….confusion.(creation)38)Many children find young animals very … (appealingly)39)Anas got the job because he was absolutely…. (skill)40)We have to … the diseased animals so that they don't infect

the healthy ones.(isolation)

READING TEXTS:

(1)So you want to be a good colleague ?Do you enjoy reading about how some people become successful? Most people do, which is probably why popular magazines often include articles with titles like how to live a long, happy life, which give readers useful advice.One of my friends said to me the other day, “I’m starting my first job soon, and I want to get on well with my new workmates. Have you got any advice you can give me?" Several people have asked me questions like this, which is why I’m writing this article.

For me the golden rule when you fist start a job is this: listen and learn from colleagues. Also, ask your colleagues questions if you aren’t sure about something, and offer to help them if you can see something that needs doing.In the long run, the best way to be a good colleague is simply to work hard. In my experience, people most dislike colleagues who make up excuses for not doing something and expect colleagues to do it for them.If you have a job starting soon, remember some of these tips: In the end, you’ll be happier and more successful if you get on well with your colleagues.Answer these questions :1- , why do popular magazines include articles with titles ?2- What is the aim of this article ?3- Mention three tips of getting on well with workmates ?4- The underlined pronoun ( them ) line 13 refers to ….5- Find a word in the text which means ( workmate ) ……6- Quote a sentence from the text which attracts the reader’s attention to read it ? (2) How much sleep do we need ?

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How much sleep do you need each night? Do you usually get this amount? Can you catch up on sleep you have missed at night by sleeping at other time, or do you find it difficult to sleep during the day? The rest of this article will give you some useful information and advice.The amount of sleep human beings need varies from individual to individual. We know that most adults need about 8 hours of sleep a day, but this number can vary greatly; “short sleepers” may need only 5 hours, whereas “long sleepers” may need 9 to 10 hours. Babies need about 16 hours a day while many teenagers need an average of 9 hours. As people get older they tend to need less sleep; some elderly people wake up early in the morning and cannot sleep for more than 5 to 6 hours. Exactly how much we need depends on several factors, including our age, our daily routine, the quality of our sleep and our genetic make-up.How do we know if we are getting enough sleep? In general, if you feel drowsy during the day, you need more sleep. You may think that you are sleeping for long enough, but these are some of the sings that you may need more:You cannot concentrate at school o at wokYou find it difficult to get up in the morningYou are moody or irritableYou have memory problemsSo why is it important that we get enough sleep? Sleep provides our bodies with a chance to switch off. This allows us to recharge our mental and physical batteries and be ready for each new day. If we have slept well, we should wake up in the morning feeling alert and rested. People who have been deprived of sleep find it difficult to perform the thousands of traffic accidents every year.How we sleep also affects us. When we fall asleep, our sleep can be deep and restful or light and shallow. Shallow sleepers wake up still feeling tired, while deep sleeper’s wakeup refreshed.Answer these questions :1- Quote the sentence from the text which indicates that different people don’t need the same amount of sleep ?2-What are the two kinds of sleepers mentioned in the text ?3-Which group of people needs the most amount of sleep?4- Which group of people needs the least amount of sleep?5- Apart from having memory problems, write down three signs which appear when a person is deprived of sleep?6- Find a word in the text that means ( renew ) ? 7-, what are the factors that affect the amount of sleep we need ?

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(3) The end of village lifeWhen large number of people move from their homes in country areas to find better-paid jobs in town and cities, the villages and farms they once lived in are often left empty. No one wants to buy homes there because they cannot make money out of them. This phenomenon, which is called rural depopulation, can lead to overcrowding in cities as well as for fewer people in country areas.

One example of this phenomenon is the Garrigues area of Spain, about one hour’s drive form Barcelona. The area has a Mediterranean climate, but because it is high and not close to the sea, winter temperatures are quite low. The area has an annual rainfall level of 482mm which falls in only 47 days of the year, during the autumn and spring. Historically, this was a successful agricultural area; on the higher ground, the farmers grew almonds and vines, while in the river valleys, wheat, corn, beans and sunflowers were the traditional crops. The area was particularly well-known for its high quality olive oil which was grown mainly for export.

The population of the area was at its highest about 150 years ago, when a typical village might have 500 inhabitants, whereas now some villages have as few as 100 permanent inhabitants. But as farming became less and less profitable, and unemployment grew, the population began to move to the cities to find work. This trend started in 1860 and has continued to this day. Now some villages consist mainly of elderly people. The area is suffering from the effects of depopulation, such as poor public services and deserted farms.

In some parts of Europe in recent years, however, the move form the country to the city has been reversed as wealthy people move to the countryside to escape from the overcrowding, pollution and stress of city life. Some are moving permanently, but many are buying holiday or weekend homes which are empty for much of the year.Answer these questions ;1-What are the influences of rural depopulation on both cities and villages ?2- How far is the Garrigues area from Spain ?3-, write down two reasons for moving from Garrigues area ?

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4- What do the underlined pronouns refer to :They line (2) ……… which line ( 13 )5- What crop did Garrigues area sell to other countries in the past ?6- Quote a sentence from the text which shows that more people lived in Garrigues area than who live in it today ?7- What do the underlined words mean :1- profitable line ( 3 ) from paragraph ( 3 )2 – wealthy line (2 ) from paragraph ( 4 )

(4) Capital CitiesThe capital city of a country is very often its greatest city, with the largest population and the most important administrative buildings. Capital cities house government offices, as well as embassies from other countries. They are also financial centres, containing national and international bank and other financial institutions.Amman is no different from other capital cities in this respect- it is the seat of government and the economic and cultural centre of Jordan. Amman has the biggest population of any city in Jordan and is home to about a third of people – 2.3 million people! Although many of the building are very smart and futuristic, the city actually has a history going back over 8.000 years. It was only established as the capital in 1921, but has many ancient buildings.Brasilia, the capital city of Brazil, is both similar to and different from Amman. Like Amman, it is an administrative center and contains the key political building and institutions. However, unlike Amman, Brasilia is not the major cultural or economic center of Brazil, and with 2.5 million people, it is home to only a tiny fraction of the huge Brazilian population.Built in the late 1950s, it is a new city and has only been a capital of Brazil since 1960. It took over from Rio de Janeiro, which remains a major economic and cultural center, as well as having a population of many millions more. Brasilia is a very modern city and because it is so new, planners were able to strictly regulate its layout. It is divided into sectors, with specific zones for business, industry, government and residential areas.Answer these questions :1- mention three qualities of the capital city ?2- Quote a sentence from the text which indicates that capital cities accommodate certain ruling or international affairs buildings?3- How old is Amman?

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4-Quote a sentence from the text which indicates that Amman is older than Brasilia?5- Quote a sentence from the text which indicates that Brasilia is not the biggest city in Brazil?6 Compare and contrast between Amman and Brasilia with regard to history and population?7-Find a word from the text that means ( supervise or control ) ?8- The underlined pronoun (They) line three refers to … 9-What was the previous capital city of Brazil ?10- What makes Brasilia atypical city from your point of view ?

(5) Self-taught successTareq was born in Amman in 1962 into a successful Jordanian family. His father worked as a civil servant and his mother, who had once been a teacher, was a hardworking housewife. His brother Hani was very bright and, after finishing university, went on to become a civil engineer.

Tareq was good with his hands and so, instead of going to university, took a course in woodwork and become a carpenter. He loved Jordanian folk music and, in his spare time, made musical instruments, finely crafting instruments such as ouds.

One day, one of his friends saw an oud he had made and asked him to make one for him too. This was the beginning of Tareq’s career as an instrument maker and soon he was able to give up making furniture and make instruments instead. With the money he made he was able to get married and start a family, buying his own villa outside Amman.

His instruments have become famous across Jordan and the Middle East, and there is now a great demand for these instruments. One of Tareq’s sons, Mahmoud, has decided to follow his father into the business and so Tareq is teaching him how to make the oud.

Answer these questions :1- What kind of text is this ?2- Which paragraph presents information about Tariq’s early life and family?3- Which paragraph presents information about Tariq’s achievements?4- Why did Tariq stop making furniture ?5-Quote a sentence from the text which shows that Tariq is successful?

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6_ -Quote a sentence from the text which shows that Tariq is careful to pass his knowledge and experience to the coming generation ?7- What did Tariq do so as to make his talent better ?8- Find a word in the text which means a tool ….. 9- The underlined pronoun ( him ) in the last paragraph refers to…10- The underlined word ( bright ) in the first paragraph means ….

(6) Traditional crafts in MadabaJordan has undergone a period of rapid modernisation in the last few years, with high-tech and high-rise building being built in its major cities, especially Amman. Yet it remains an ancient land that has enjoyed involvement and interaction with many different civilizations over the last ten thousand years.

Jordan’s historical importance means that there is a variety of traditional crafts practiced by skilled local artisans and, despite the fast pace of modernisation, there are increasing efforts by the state and by charities to preserve these wonderful tradition.

One example of this can be found in Madaba, where an organization has been set up to help preserve the world-famous mosaics found there. These ancient mosaics are made with thousands of tiny pieces of coloured stone or tile. They give us information about the way people lived at the time, tell us about old king and illustrate ancient maps and pictures of local events. They are very useful for historians.

Today, local people are taught how to make these mosaics for commercial sale. This helps to educate people about the need to protect what is old, while also providing them with a living.

Probably the most ancient craft in Jordan is the creation of items made from silsal (clay). Madaba played a major role in trading pottery throughout Europe and the Arab world and pottery was first made in the Levant over 8000 years ago. Historians have uncovered many example of fine Nabataean pottery in both Jordan and the surrounding countries.

Pottery is still produced in the same ancient attractive style by craftsmen at Madaba today, although modern technology means the methods have changed slightly. Nevertheless, local artists are still producing beautiful works worthy of a high price.

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Answer these questions :1-who works hard to keep on the traditions on Jordan ?2- Why has an organization been established in Madaba?3- Mention two elements that mosaics are made with ?4- who are mostly interested in mosaics ?5- Apart from protecting the old, what does making mosaics support people with ?6- Quote a sentence from the text which shows that pottery is profitable?7-What do these underlined words in paragraph three refer to :a. there line (2)………b. they line (5)….. 8- This text shows that Jordan has enjoyed interaction with many different civilizations. Do you agree? Support your answer?

(7) City or Country I was born in the country , and for the first eighteen years of my life I lived there .My family's farm was in the middle of nowhere , five kilometers from our nearest neighbors and ten from the nearest school , shops and post office . As a child I enjoyed the open-air life , but when I was eighteen I went to university and couldn't believe how incredible city life has In comparison with my life on the farm , my new life was exciting , challenging and very varied . I got to know now a lot new people and I went to many places . Of course everything moves much more quickly in the city , and that can sometimes be stressful , but at least you ,know you're alive , In the country , you sometimes forget !Obviously , city life has its disadvantages , like the noise , the traffic and thecrowds of People , but these things don't worry me too much , I don't drive , so traffic problems and parking difficulties don't affect me .It only takes ten minutes to get to the supermarket by taxi , whereas in the old days in the country , a shopping trip used to take half a day .

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Maybe I'll want to go back to the peace and quiet of the Country one day , but for now I'm enjoying the hustle and bustle of city life .-----------------------------------------------------

2-Read the article again and answer these questions a-Where did the writer live as a child ?b-How far did he have to travel to go to school ?c-Why did he first move to the city ?d-How was his life different when he moved to the city ?e-What disadvantages of city life does the writer mention ?f-Why isn't the writer worried by traffic conditions in the city ?g-Why does he prefer shopping in supermarkets ?h-Does he think he will go back to live in the country ?

3-Do you prefer the city or the country? Give reasons for your answer .

(7) Climbing EverestIndependence Day, May 25, 2008, was very special. On that day, Mustafa Salameh Mahmoud became the first Jordanian man to climb Mount Everest. He has now climbed all seven of the world’s highest mountains and so has joined an elite club.Apart from exhaustion and a little frostbite, Mr Mahmoud was in good health and very happy after the five-day climb. For much of the climb Mr Mahmoud had been fighting extreme cold, strong winds, dizzying heights and dangerously low levels of oxygen, but he was able to reach the top of Mount Everest and plant the Jordanian flag at the summit. It was very difficult, but he knew he had a great team supporting him and this helped him to keep going.

Mr Mahmoud had begun the trip at the Everest Base Camp in Tibet and carried with him heavy climbing equipment, oxygen tanks, food and a Jordanian flag presented by His Royal Highness Prince Faisal. It was his third attempt at the summit, and he had been preparing for it for many months. The fist try had nearly killed him and the second ended through illness. He

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knew it would be the hardest thing he had ever done and was nervous despite the fact that he was an experienced climber.

When asked why he had kept on trying, Mr Mahmoud told reporters that he wanted to inspire the next generation of Arab youth to believe in their “impossible” dreams. His efforts were noticed at home, and King Abdullah donated sponsorship money for the expedition. This sponsorship had allowed him to give up his job and train for a year to reach the very high levels of fitness needed to climb the huge mountain.

This is only the latest in a series of achievements for Mr Mahmoud, who apart from climbing the world’s seven highest peaks has a Master’s degree, is a fluent English and Japanese speaker and fitness instructor. Answer these questions:1- Why was Independence Day, May 25, 2008 very special? 2-How many mountains has Mahood climbed so far?3- write down four things Mahmoud suffered from?4- Find a word in the text which means (the most skilled)?5- What was Mahmoud given by Prince Faisal?6- What do the underlined pronouns refer to:a- this : paragraph ( 1) line ( 9 )b – it : paragraph ( 2 ) line ( 4 )7 – Find a word from the text which means (motivate) ? 8- What languages does Mahmoud speak?9- Quote a sentence from the text which shows that Mahmoud’s trials were nationally appreciated?10- What urged Mahmoud to leave his job for the sake of climbing ?

(8)Steve Fosset: a record – record breaker In 2002, Steve Fossett became the first person to travel solo round the world in a hot air balloon. His balloon, The Spirit of Freedom, used a mixture of helium and hot air and was 42 meters high and18 meters wide. To keep it at a constant altitude, the balloon used a sophisticated autopilot system controlled by a computer.

Fossett’s journey started in Western Australia. From here, he crossed the Pacific Ocean, traveling in an easterly direction. On reaching South America, he traveled across Chile and down round Argentina. He flew over the Southern Atlantic Ocean towards South Africa, then over the Indian Ocean to reach Australia.

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This record-breaking solo journey took only 14 days, 19 hours and 50 minutes altogether, but conditions for Steve Fossett were not comfortable. He only slept for four hours in every 24-hour period, and never slept for more than 45 minutes at one time. Fossett frequently had to leave his tiny cabin to go outside, where air temperatures were below freezing, in order to check that the balloon’s burners were working properly. By the time he arrived in Australia, he had traveled 33,195 km.

Steve Fossett especially pleased with this successful round-the world journey as it was his sixth attempt. On the journey, Fossett also broke the world speed record for a manned balloon flight: on one occasion the balloon traveled at 322.25 kmh. His first attempt had been six years earlier in 1996.

In addition to this record, Steve Fossett holds four other world records for non-stop journeys round the world: as a sailor, and as a solo air pilot. All in all, Fossett has set 110 records in five different sports.Answer these questions:1- Find a word in the text that means (height)?2- Why did Fossett use an autopilot system?3 –how many oceans did Fossett fly over ?4- Apart from the lack of sleep , what natural challenge did he face ?5- Quote a sentence from the text which shows that Fossett was happy with what he had achieved? 6- How long did the journey take him to travel around the world? 7- Find a word in the text which means ( alone ) ?8- How fast has the balloon been going ?9- The underlined word ( sophisticated ) in paragraph ONE means …….10- Quote a sentence from the text showing that Fossett has gone down a variety of outdoor activities ?

9 Recent developments in transport technologyOnline booking The cheapest and quickest way of buying train or airline tickets is now to book ‘online’ this involves logging on to the internet, finding the correct website , typing in your travel requirements and personal details and paying by credit card. Passengers can then print a receipt which may also be the ‘ticket’ which they show at the airport or railway station. This is all done

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automatically without the need for any personal contact with the airline or rail company.

EurotunnelIn 1994 a tunnel linking Britain with mainland of Europe opened to the public. This complex and costly engineering project, which had been planned for many years, was paid for jointly by the French and British governments. Cars are carried on railway trucks which form a train called the Shuttle, and then drive off at the end of their 35-minute journey through the tunnel. In the past, the only alternative for motorists was a ferry, which took a minimum of 90 minutes.

Electronic road tollsMotorists have to pay to drive on motorways in Italy. Under the original system, all cars had to stop at kiosks at the beginning or the end of a section of motorway and pay cash. Now, there is a high-tech alternative called Telepass. Under this new system, cars are ‘recognised’ so they do not have to stop. The money is taken automatically from each driver’s bank account.These are just three of the changes that have affected European traveling habits in recent years. In different ways, they are all dependent upon advanced technology.Answer these questions :1-, what can be used instead of buying a traditional train or airline ticket ?2- Why is online booking comfortable and easy ?3- Apart from logging onto the internet , mention three actions that you should do to book a ticket online ?4- How much time does the tunnel save?5-How long does the journey through the tunnel take ?6- Quote a sentence from the text which indicates that technology saves time as well as effort ?7- What do the underlined words refer to :a- this : paragraph 1 line ( 2 ) ……b- which : paragraph 2 line (6 ) …..8- Find words in the report with similar meaning to these words :a- expensive :…………… b- progressive :

(10) Built for safety :Road tunnels, through mountains or under rivers and seas, make car journeys shorter and faster. Some of the long tunnels, like those through the Alps, were incredible engineering achievements when they were first built. For example, the 11 kilometers-long Mont Blanc Tunnel between France and Italy,

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which was opened in 1965, massively reduced journey times between the two countries. But in recent years, with the increase in fright traffic using tunnels, there have been some terrible accidents.

So when planners were designing the 24.5 kilometer Laerdal Tunnel in Norway, safety was one of their main concerns. People have known for some time that the main factors which cause accidents in long tunnels are tiredness and claustrophobia- a fear of being in small spaces. Drivers can easily fall asleep in tunnels because the view never changes- there is nothing to keep them awake. This can lead to accidents caused by vehicles driving into the sides of the tunnel. So experts, including psychologists, did research to find out how they could make the 20- minute journey through their new tunnel less monotonous. After experiments, they decided to build the tunnel in four sections with 'halls' between them. The halls are wider and higher than the main tunnel and have special lighting similar to a sunrise. The idea is that drivers will feel refreshed as they drive through the halls.

The halls have two other purposes related to safety: if there is an accident on the road ahead, drivers can turn round in the halls and return the way they came. There are also lay-bys in the halls where drivers can stop and rest. The Laerdal Tunnel also has an efficient ventilation system which responds to the amount of traffic in the tunnel. Air pollution is monitored by staff in a control room .Answer these questions:1- write down two advantages of road tunnels?2-Which countries does the tunnel Mont Blanc connect?3-Write down three names of the tunnels mentioned in the text? 4- what are the key factors that cause road accidents?5-Apart from feeling refreshed, what are the other facilities of the halls in the tunnel to ensure safety?6- What do the underlined pronouns refer to :a- ( they ) paragraph 1 line 3 ……b- ( them ) paragraph 2 line 5 …….7- Quote a sentence from text which defines (claustrophobia)8- Find out words in the text with similar meaning to these :A – Unbelievable ……………. B – Watched and checked …… -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GRAMMARDo (damage, research, experiment, shopping, a job, homework, washing, best)

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Make (suggestion, decision, mistake, effort, promise, arrangement, success)1-do away with: get rid of من يتخلص 2-do without: manage in spite of: بدون أمره يتدبر3- do out : to tidy , redecorate : ينظف4-do up : Fasten, tie: ,يشد يربط5- make out : think about , understand : ويفهم يفكر6-make of : think about , understand : ويفهم يفكر7- make up :1- invent : يختلق

2- replace something lost or missing : يعوض

10 come out : appear / become visible : يظهر11-come across : find by chance : بالصدفة يجد 12-come over ; visit : يزور13 – come round : recover after being unconscious : يفيق

الغيبوبة من 14- come up : * become available : متوفر يصبح * mention : يذكر15- come down : fall / decrease : ينخفض او يقل

EX. الظرفية االفعال على تمارين

Exercise (1) Read these sentences and replace the underlined words with proper multi-part verbs :

1-When Ali was able to recover after being unconscious , he felt fine .2-Mona was able to visit Amman and see the ruins .3-While we were talking , your name was mentioned by chance .4-Ajob has become available at the council , so I may apply for it .5-Ansam managed to tidy her room in an amazing way .6-Hassan managed to invent an imaginary story about fairy when he was young.7-I can't get rid of smoking.8-Don't accept his apology. He used to invent accuses 9-Last month I found by chance a golden key while walking to school.10-I wish the prices fell .11-Don't wait for me because I have to tidy my room.12-The results of Altawjihi exams will become visible in August.13- Fasten your seat belt before leaving ,please!14-I can't understand any thing of what you said .

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15Your name was mentioned while we were talking about our memories.

REPORTING 1- Reporting statements 2- reporting questionsNOTE : remember to change the main three elements in the sentence or the question . االساسية العناصر تحول ان تذكر

الكالم نقل عند الجملة في الموجودة التاليةThese elements are ( * the tense of the verb الفعل زمن , pronouns and possessive adjectives الصفة ضمائر , * time and place references : والمكان الزمان ظروف

DIRECT INDIRECTpresent Simple Simple pastpresent perfect simple past perfectpresent simple continuous past continuous past simple past perfectpast perfect past perfectpast continuous Past perfect continuous now Thenthis Thathere Theretoday That daythese Those

Tonight That nightTomorrow The following dayYesterday The previous dayLast The previousNext The followingAgo beforeAt the moment At that momentSince Before

can couldShall ShouldMay MightWill WouldOught to Ought tohave Hadhas Hadmust Had toIs Was

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AmAreWasWere

WasWereHad beenHad been

had Had had

(1 )Reported speech:

noun/pronoun +said ( that ) +noun/pronoun + V+ time adverbial

Example ( 1 ): Ali “I am reading a story now”Ali said that he was reading a story then Example (2): Huda “I have done my homework" Huda said that she had done her homework . (2) Reported question : A –WH-questions: noun/pronoun +asked + wh + noun/pronoun + V :Example (1): Aya “why do you always come late? "Aya asked me why I always came late.Example (1): Hassan “How long have you been waiting for me?”Hassan asked me how long I had been waiting for him.B- Yes/No questions: noun/pronoun + whether / if + noun/pronoun + V:Example (1): Afnan “Are you thirsty?”Afnan asked me if I was thirsty.

EXERCISE Rewrite these sentences so that the new ones are similar in

meaning to the ones before :1-“ I won a prize yesterday. " Ali said ………………………..2- “ I am busy now . " Aa’a said ………………….3- “ We had to help our parents "3 The boys said ……………4- " Are you writing a letter now?” 4-Salma asked me ………………………5- “ Did the maid wash the dishes yesterday?” Dad wanted to know …………6-"Our car has been in the garage since 8 p.m."6-The customers complained that …………..7-"I am working on a new booklet at the moment".7-Khalid said …………………..8-We won't let you insult our mother"

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8-The kids warned their father9- "Hassan's father was having dinner with the family"9- Hassan said……………………………..10-"I must follow these instructions"10- Ali said11-"We were playing football in the garden yesterday"11- The boys said ……. 12"Where does your father work,Ali?"12- The teacher asked Ali ……..13-"What was Anwar reading last night?"13-Marwan wanted to know ………………..14-"excuse me, Where is the post office?"14- The woman asked me ………………….15- "How was your holiday,Ayman?"15- My father wanted to know ……………16-"Why have you been late for the conference?"16-The boss asked me ……………………..17-"Have the boys done their homework,yet?"17-The teacher wanted to know ……..18- "Do our parents help us a lot in our studies?"18-The children asked their grandparents…19-"Does Omar swim well?"19-The coach wanted to know …….20-"Did the postman deliver the letters?"20-My dad asked me ……….21-Has your brother got the scholarship?"21-MY teacher asked me ………22-"Is this your car?"22-Hassan asked me …..23-"Can your sister type fast?"23-The employer wanted to know ….24-"Are these chairs for sale?"24- The customer asked the carpenter ……25-"Was Medyan busy last week?"25-The teacher asked me …..26-"Explain the lesson once more, please!"26- The students wanted the teacher ……………..27-"Don't touch these snakes !"27- The zookeeper warned us ……………..28-"How much money do we need to buy this necklace?"28-The bride asked her bridegroom ………..29-"I would like to be a nurse."29-Sarah said …………….30-"We must be committed to our principles."30-The headmaster added ………………..

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Comparing and contrastA- Short adjective word : N + AUX + Adjective-er + than + N Examples : 1- Ali is taller than Ahmed . 2- Afnan is thinner than her brother . 3- Huda is happier than me .

ساكن بحرف سبق ) (إذا ) ( الى حرف : نحول مالحظة مقطع من الصفة كانت إذا الصفة من االخير الحرف ونضاعف

قصير علة بحرف االخير الحرف ومسبوق واحد B-Long adjective word : N+ AUX/V + Adjective + more/less +than + N Examples : 1- Lubna is more beautiful than Lucy . 2- Aya is more intelligent than Salma .These words are used to contrast ideas :A-whereas : ( بينما ) في او الجملة بداية في تكون ان يمكن الوسطExamples :1- I prefer apples , whereas Ali prefers grapes .2- Whereas Ali prefers grapes , I prefer apples .B- but : لكن

Ahmed swims well but he can’t play chess .C-on the other hand : ( فاصلة بعدها عادة اخرى) يكون جهة من

Example : Watching TV is interesting . On the other hand reading Qura’n is more useful .D- Instead of : او الجملة بداية في تكون ان ) يمكن من بدال

( الوسط فيExamples : 1- you can read a book instead of watching TV . 2-Instead of tea , you can drink milk .E- in comparison with : مع بالمقارنة Examples : 1- In comparison with walking , running is tiring and exhausting . 2- Swimming is more enjoyable and beneficial in comparison with sitting in front of a TV .Exercise : * Combine each pair of sentences below into one meaningful sentence , using the given words and phrases between brackets :1- I prefer tea in the morning .I like milk (instead of )2- Studying in public schools is free . studying in private schools is expensive . ( but )3- life in the past is not comfortable . life today is more comfortable .( In comparison with )

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4 – Ali is active and alert. Sami is lazy. (whereas)5- Buses stop at station. Taxis go right to the place you want to.(whereas)6-Small cars are comfortable. They are costly.(but)7- Car journeys expensive Train journeys.(in comparison with)8-You can send an e-mail. Writing an application letter.(instead of)9-Ship journeys are slow and noisy. Air journeys are fast.(whereas)10-You can carry mobile phones with you. Landlines phones are fixed. (whereas)

* Rewrite these sentences using the words between brackets:1-Irbid is an old city, whereas Ramtha is a new one.(in comparison with)Irbid …………….2-Landline phone calls are cheaper than mobile phone calls.Mobile phone calls …………… 3-Although Amman is getting populated. It is still a beautiful city.(but)Amman ………………………………4-Khawla studied Maths although her mother wanted her to study Physics.(instead of)Khawla ……………………………………………5-Getting information from the books is slower than getting information from the Internet.(in comparison with)In comparison with………………………………….6-Reading improves your mind while doing sports improves your muscles.(whereas)Doing sports ……………….7-In comparison with monthly magazines , daily newspapers are more popular.Daily newspapers ……………………

* Rewrite these sentences so the new ones are similar in meaning to the ones before them :1- Amman is more famous than Madaba . Madaba ………………….2- It is costly to live in the city in comparison with the country Living in the county is ………………….. . Causative verbs السببية األفعال1- S + Had + Object + P.P Example: We had our house painted. This sentence means:

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a. We painted our house b. Someone else painted our house.2- S + Will +Have + Object + P.PExample : Khalid will have his magazine published . This sentence means : a. Someone will publish his magazine. b. Khalid will publish the magazine by himself.3- Noun/pronoun + Aux (am, is, are) +going to have + Object + P.PExample: Salma is going to have her jacket ironed. This sentence means:a. Salma is going to iron her jacket by herself.b. Somebody else will iron her jacket.* Study these two sentences :_ Huda had her room decorated. _ Huda decorated her room .Which sentence shows that Huda’s room was decorated by someone else ? Rewrite these sentences so the new ones are similar in

meaning to the ones before them :1- We don’t do the washing- up ourselves .1- We ………………………………… .2- The boys aren’t tidying their rooms themselves .2- They …………………………………3- Hani didn’t take out his tooth himself .3- Hani …………………………..4- Afnan isn’t going to fix the watch herself .4- Afnan ………………………..5- I took my jacket to the cleaner to iron it.5- I …………….6- Ahmed will ask someone to mend his glasses.6- Ahmed ………………..7- A farmer is ploughing our field.7- We ……….. . 8- I plant my flowers myself .8- I don’t …………… .9-The farmers didn't cut down the trees themselves.9- The farmers had the trees …………….10-Hassan painted his own room .10-Hassan didn't have ……………….11-My sister dyed her own dress red.11-She didn't ……………………..12-My mother doesn't clean her own car.12-She …………………..13-Ali didn't make his own shirt.

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13-He ………………..14-Algeesawi cut his own hair.14-He …………………………….15-Ahmed isn't going to take his own photo.15-He ……………..

PASSIVE VOICEللمجهول المبني

ACTIVE PASSIVECan Can be + pp Could Could be+ pp Must Must be+ ppMay May be+ppMight Might be+ppWill Will be+ppWould Would be+ppShall Shall be+ppShould Should be+ppHas to Has to be+ppHave to Have to be+ppHad to Had to be+ppDon’t have to Don’t have to be+ppDoesn’t have to Doesn’t have to be+ppIs ,am are , Is,am,are, +being +ppHas/have +pp Has /have+been+pp

Was/were Was/were+being+pp

Exercise*Rewrite these sentences so the new sentence is similar in meaning to the one before it:1) Ola’ can write three stories weekly .Three stories ………..2) Mohammed could win the match .The match ……………….3) The rooms must be emptied immediately .We ………………………4- I have to send the letters right now .The letters ………………….5- The teachers have to help the headmaster honestly .The headmaster …………………….6- Basel doesn’t have to waste any chance .

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Any chance …………………..7- Huda doesn’t have to wash the dishes as they are clean .The dishes .8-Aya has to feed the baby with milk .The baby …………………………..9-Khalid eats one apple daily.One apple ……………..10-Sawsan writes two letters monthly.Two letters11- I am growing olive trees at this moment.Olive trees…………..12-The workers are paving the street today.The street ………………13- Mona has already typed the letters.The letters…………………….14- I have never eaten Chinese foodChinese food ………………..15- Obadah was playing chess yesterday.Chess …………………………16-My sons were building a sandcastle at the beach last night.16- A sandcastle…………………..17- The teacher is to help us.We …………………..18- Ahmed has to understand the lessons easily.18-The lessons ……………………….19-The workers have to finish building the dam soon.Building the dam ……………………………20-Nancy was to sing a romantic song in the final round.A romantic song…………………….

Relative pronouns *الموصولة ضمائر

Who: ( فقط لإلنسان الذي, الذين, التي, اللواتي) تستخدمWhich: ( العاقل لغير الذي, الذين, التي, اللواتي) تستخدمWhere: للمكان( )تستخدم حيتWhen: ( للزمان ) تستخدم عندما او متىWhose : ( للملكية وهي االسماء لجميع ) تستخدم لمنWhy : ( السبب البداء ) تستخدم الن او بسببHow : ( الكيفية البداء )تستخدم كيفChoose the most suitable answer :1- I still remember the day I saw her .( why ,where , when )2- That is the teacher ….. teaches us Eglish .( when , who , whose )3- Irbid is the city … I was born . ( which , how , where )

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4-I like the computer …… Laila bought yesterday .( which , when , whose )5- Hanan doesn’t know ….. to cook mensaf . (where , how , who )6- I saw the man ….. car was stolen yesterday . ( why ,who ,whose )7- We don’t understand the reason …. he always comes late .( which , who ,why)

------------------------------------------------------- الجر أحرف ) )Prepositions

At the age of ال سن فيGood at في جيدPlay on على يعزفLive from .... الى من عاش .........In the head of مقدمة في At random عشوائياOn a variety عدة علىIn ( month , year ) عام او سنة فيThe cause of في سببIn a few seconds ثوان غضون في

Choose the correct answer :1- Omar has been talented ….. age of six . ( on , at , in )2- I will send the e-mail ….. a few seconds .( from , on , in )3- Can you play well ….. the guitar ? ( at , of , on )4- Mona was born …. March , 1992 . ( on , in , at )5 – Sameer is good ….. drawing . ( from , on , at )6-Smoking is the real cause … many heart diseases . ( on , of , off )7-All those trees were planted … random . ( of , on , at )8-King Hussien lived ….. 1933 to 1999 . ( in , from , at )9- Could you rearrange those books because they are distributed … random . ( on , in , at )10- The welfare of the kingdom has been … the head of his Royal Majesty’s interest. ( on , at , in )WRITING

الطالبة الطالب........... عزيزتي عزيزي

التدريبية المواضيع بعض إليكم أقدم

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Living in a city or in a country?

A lot of people want to live in a city, so some of them moved from the country to the city looking for better chances. But, still there are some people who prefer to live in a country. So is it better to live in a city or in a country?

First, let’s talk about living in a city. It’s preferred as a place to live in because it shows you a variety of people, races and cultures. Also, it’s more exiting with its movies, theatres and restaurants. Then, there are lots of interesting shops, which make your shopping great and comfortable. Finally, the most important advantage is that it gives us more job opportunities.

On the other hand, some people don’t prefer to live in the city because it has a lot of drawbacks. One of them is the traffic jams and parking problems. Also, the polluted air, which affects our health. In addition, living there is so expensive. Also, the shops are always crowded, so that makes us worried. The most important thing is that living there can be more dangerous because there are so many crimes.

Now, we’ll take about living in a country. Life in the country is very peaceful and quite. The people are so friendly and kind. Then, there is the fresh air, which comforts us. You live there with out pollution, noise, stress or crimes.

From anther way, living in the country can has its disadvantages. One of them is that you’ll be isolated from the outer world and away from modern life. Then there are less jobs, schools and hospitals, because off all these, we see that the education and health levels are so low.

In my point of view, I think I prefer living in the city to be close to the modern technology, and visiting the country is just for talking rest and change. ( 2 )

Frightening storyLast night wile I was sleeping in my room, all my family was sleeping also, and the house was quiet. Suddenly I woke up when I heard aloud noise coming from the kitchen. It was about two o’clock in the morning, so I got up frightened and walked slowly towards the door. I opened it quietly, that is when I saw my parents crossing the hall to the kitchen. So, I

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followed them, but when they heard my footsteps my mother shouted.Quickly I answered her: (mum), she stopped shouting and hold my hand. After, we continue walking until we were in front of the kitchen door, my father opened it . we saw a body lying on the floor and the blood was covering all the place. Me and my mother started shouting and screaming until my mother was unconscious. Then the body stood up and laughed loudly. He was just my brother Hussein and was joking with us.After minutes, my mother woke up and asked about what was going up. When she knew that he was just my brother, she became extremely angry and punished him. I was so happy for that.

(3)The advantages and disadvantages of watching TV

Many people like watching TV and spend hours sitting watching that small screen. However it has advantages and disadvantages. One of the most obvious advantages of having TV is that it offers cheap and convenient entertainment, which nearly everyone can afford. What is more, TV can have a serious education side and have plenty of good affairs programmes. On the other hand, having a television can have certain disadvantages. While it is good to have such cheap and convenient entertainment in your own living room, it may also mean the end of reading and conversation for large parts of the evening. Furthermore, although there are many good programmes on TV, that is often too much blood and violence on screen which can be harmful especially for children. All in all, I think that having TV is important and watching it is useful if one knows how, when and what to watch !

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Adjective الصفة Meaning المعنىAfraidخائف FrightenedAlightمشتعل burningAlike ب شبيه SimilarAlive الحياة قيد على Living

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Asleep نائم SleepingNote : The adjectives that begin with ( a ) are usually proceeded by an auxiliary ( be , is , was, am , were , been ) تكون ان يجب

الساعدة االفعال باحد مسبوقة a تبدا التي : الصفات مالحظة بالحرف

ExerciseInert in the correct word(s) from the following( afraid , alive , frightened , living )1) Women usually get …… when they see a mouse .2) Human beings are clever-…… creatures.3) No one was …… after the volcanic eruption .

GOOD LUCK WITH MY BEST WISHESTEACHER OF ENGLISHKHALID. M. BAKRI (0788469917)[email protected]

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english language action pack 12 2nd semester khalid · web viewinfinitive noun adjective adverb...

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