english, french, and the worlds languages dik bakker lancaster university
TRANSCRIPT
English,French,
and the world’slanguages
Dik BakkerLancaster University
2
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in this room speaks ENGLISH”
3
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in this room speaks ENGLISH”
Some: English is their only language mother tongue
4
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in this room speaks ENGLISH”
Some: English is their only language mother tongue
?
5
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in this room speaks ENGLISH”
Some: English is their only language mother tongue
Some: English + other language(s):
6
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in this room speaks ENGLISH”
Some: English is their only language mother tongue
Some: English + other language(s):
> both are mother tongue multilingual
7
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in this room speaks ENGLISH”
Some: English is their only language mother tongue
Some: English + other language(s):
> both are mother tongue multilingual?
8
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in this room speaks ENGLISH”
Some: English is their only language mother tongue
Some: English + other language(s):
> both are mother tongue multilingual
> second language
9
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in this room speaks ENGLISH”
Some: English is their only language mother tongue
Some: English + other language(s):
> both are mother tongue multilingual
> 2nd language: SOUND (bad / bat; that / sat)
10
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in this room speaks ENGLISH”
Some: English is their only language mother tongue
Some: English + other language(s):
> both are mother tongue multilingual
> 2nd language: SOUND WORDS (colinder ‘thing’)
11
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in this room speaks ENGLISH”
Some: English is their only language mother tongue
Some: English + other language(s):
> both are mother tongue multilingual
> 2nd language: SOUND WORDS WORD ORDER (I have it seen)
12
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in ENGLAND speaks ENGLISH”
Either as a first or a second language
13
Speaker of a language
“Everyone in ENGLAND speaks ENGLISH”
Either as a first or a second language
The same English everywhere in England ?
14
English
England
ENGLISH
15
English
England Lancashire
ENGLISH LANCASHIRE DIALECT
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English
England Lancashire Lancaster
ENGLISH LANCASHIRE LANCASTER DIALECT ACCENT
17
Dialects
Dialects:
English
Lancashire:
18
Dialects
Dialects:
English
Lancashire:
‘That were me brother what went to America’
19
Dialects
Dialects:
English
Lancashire:
‘That were me brother what went to America’
was my who
20
Dialects
Dialects:
English
Lancashire:
‘That were me brother what went to America’
was my who
?
21
Dialects
Dialects:
English
Lancashire:
‘That were me brother what went to America’
was my who Standard English
22
Dialects
English in the UK = around 45 dialects
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Dialects
English in the UK = around 45 dialects
NORTH: Lancashire Cumbrian
Geordie Tyke
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Dialects
English in the UK = around 45 dialects
NORTH: LancashireCumbrian
Geordie TykeMIDDLE: Scouse
Brummie
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Dialects
English in the UK = around 45 dialects
NORTH: LancashireCumbrian
Geordie TykeMIDDLE: Scouse
BrummieSOUTH: Cockney
RP
26
Dialects
English in the UK = around 45 dialects
NORTH: LancashireCumbrian
Geordie TykeMIDDLE: Scouse
BrummieSOUTH: Cockney
Received Pronunciation (‘BBC English’)
27
Dialects
English in the UK = around 45 dialects
NORTH: LancashireCumbria
Geordie TykeMIDDLE: Scouse
BrummieSOUTH: Cockney
Received Pronunciation (BBC English)
STANDARD:Different,Not Better
28
Dialects
English in the UK = around 45 dialects
NORTH: LancashireCumbria
Geordie TykeMIDDLE: Scouse
BrummieSOUTH: Cockney
Received Pronunciation (BBC English)
STANDARD:Writing
EducationRadio/TV
29
Dialects
English = LancashireCumbrian
Geordie Tyke
ScouseBrummieCockneyRP ( = standard)…
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31
WesternEurope
32
English
Spanish
Portuguese
French
Dutch
DanishIcelandic
Italian
German
WesternEurope
33
English
Spanish
Portuguese
French
Dutch
DanishIcelandic
German
Italian
Year2009
34
English?
Spanish?
Portuguese?
French?
Dutch?
Danish?Icelandic?
German?
Italian?
Year100 BC
35
-
Year100 BC
36
Celtic
Year100 BC
37
Celtic Germanic
Year100 BC
38
Celtic Germanic
?????
Year100 BC
39
Celtic Germanic
Latin
Year100 BC
40
Celtic Germanic
Latin
Year100 BC
41
Year100 BC
Celtic
42
Year50 BC
CelticJulius Caesar
43
Year50 BC
CelticRomanLegions
44
Year50 BC
CelticRomanLegions
45
Year0
46
Year0
Latin?
47
Year0
VulgarLatin
48
Year0
VulgarLatin
=dialects
+2nd language
49
Year0
‘Romance’
50
Year0
Celtic
Romance
51
Year100 AD
Celtic
Romance
+
52
Year150 AD
Celtic
Romance
+
“Lingua Franca”
53
Year200 AD
Celtic
Romance
Bilingual
54
Year250 AD
Celtic
Romance
Bilingual
55
Year300 AD
Celtic
Romance
Monolingual
56
Year350 AD
Romance
Monolingual
57
Year400 AD
RomanceLegions
58
Year450 AD
Romance
Germanic:Franks
Visigoths
59
Year600 AD
Franks
60
Year600 AD
French
Germanic
RomanceCeltic
+
61
French
Germanic
RomanceCeltic
+
62
Celtic Germanic
Latin
Year100 BC
63
Year600 AD
Portuguese
Spanish
ItalianFrench
Rumanian
64
Portuguese
Spanish
ItalianFrench
Rumanian
Romance
65
Portuguese
Spanish
ItalianFrench
Rumanian
Romance Language Family
66
Year100 BC
GermanicCeltic
Latin
67
Year400 AD
Celtic
Germanic
Angels
Romance
68
Year800 AD
German
Celtic
Romance
DutchEnglish
69
Year600 AD
French
70
Year800 AD
French
71
Year1000 AD
French
72
Year1066 AD
French
?
73
Year1066 AD
French
Battleof
Hastings
74
75
1100-1300:
French =
CourtLanguage
76
Language Contact > Change
ENGLISH (1100 AD)
changed to
(FR)ENGLISH (1300 AD)
77
Language Contact > Change
ENGLISH changed to (Fr)english:
English English
78
Language Contact > Change
ENGLISH changed to (Fr)english:
English EnglishCLIMB ASCEND
79
Language Contact > Change
ENGLISH changed to (Fr)english:
English EnglishCLIMB ASCENDLOVE ADORE
80
Language Contact > Change
ENGLISH changed to (Fr)english:
English EnglishCLIMB ASCENDLOVE ADOREQUICK RAPID
81
Language Contact > Change
ENGLISH changed to (Fr)english:
English EnglishCLIMB ASCENDLOVE ADOREQUICK RAPID SHEEP MUTTON
82
Language Contact > Change
ENGLISH changed to (Fr)english:
English EnglishCLIMB ASCENDLOVE ADOREQUICK RAPIDSHEEP MUTTONDEER VENISON
83
Language Contact > Change
ENGLISH changed to (Fr)english:
English EnglishCLIMB ASCENDLOVE ADOREQUICK RAPIDSHEEP MUTTONDEER VENISONPIG PORC
84
Language Contact > Change
ENGLISH changed to (Fr)english:
English EnglishCLIMB ASCENDLOVE ADOREQUICK RAPIDSHEEP MUTTONDEER VENISONPIG PORC- VEGETABLE, CABBAGE
85
Language Contact > Change
ENGLISH changed to (Fr)english:
English EnglishCLIMB ASCENDLOVE ADOREQUICK RAPIDSHEEP MUTTONDEER VENISONPIG PORC- VEGETABLE, CABBAGE
?
86
Language Contact > Change
ENGLISH changed to (Fr)english:
English EnglishCLIMB ASCENDLOVE ADOREQUICK RAPIDSHEEP MUTTONDEER VENISONPIG PORC- VEGETABLE, CABBAGE
?
87
Year1000 AD
French
88
Year1500 AD
French
89
Year2000 AD
French
90
Romance Languages
91
“She always closes the window before having dinner.”
Romance Languages
92
Latin: claudit semper fenestram antequam cenat she-closes always window before she-eats
Romance Languages
93
Latin: claudit semper fenestram antequam cenat she-closes always window before she-eats
Romance Languages
94
Latin: claudit semper fenestram antequam cenat she-closes always - window before she-eats
Romance Languages
95
Latin: claudit semper fenestram antequam cenat she-closes always - window before she-eats
Romance Languages
96
Latin: claudit semper fenestram antequam cenat she-closes always window before she-eats
Italian: chiude sempre la finestra- prima di cenare
Romance Languages
97
Latin: claudit semper fenestram antequam cenat she-closes always window before she-eats
Italian: chiude sempre la finestra prima di cenare
Spanish: siempre / cierra la ventana- antes de cenar
Romance Languages
98
Latin: claudit semper fenestram antequam cenat she-closes always window before she-eats
Italian: chiude sempre la finestra prima di cenare
Spanish: siempre cierra la ventana antes de cenar
French: elle ferme toujours la fenêtre- avant de dîner
Romance Languages
99
Year2000 AD
French
100
Dialects:BourguignonChampenoisOrleanaisGasconLanguedocProvençalJersiais…
101
Dialects:BourguignonChampenoisOrleanaisGasconLanguedocProvençalJersiais…
102
StandardFrench
103
Breton(Celtic)
104
Breton(Celtic)
Flemish (Germanic)
Alsatian (Germanic)
105
Breton(Celtic)
Flemish (Germanic)
Alsatian (Germanic)
Corsican (Romance)
Catalan (Romance)
106
Breton(Celtic)
Flemish (Germanic)
Alsatian (Germanic)
Corsican (Romance)
Catalan (Romance)
Basque
107
Breton(Celtic)
Flemish (Germanic)
Alsatian (Germanic)
Corsican (Romance)
Catalan (Romance)
Basque
English
108
109
110
111
Language Families
ROMANCE
FRE ITA SPA
112
Language Families
ROMANCE GERMANIC
FRE ITA SPA ENG DUT GERM
113
Language Families
ROMANCE GERMANIC CELTIC
FRE ITA SPA ENG DUT GERM WEL GAE MANX
114
Family Relations
English: mother three
115
Family Relations
English: mother threeDutch:German:
116
Family Relations
English: mother threeDutch: moederGerman: mutter
117
Family Relations
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
118
Family Relations
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
Latin:French:Spanish:
119
Family Relations
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
Latin: materFrench: mèreSpanish: madre
120
Family Relations
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
Latin: mater tresFrench: mère troisSpanish: madre tres
121
Family Relations
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
Latin: mater tresFrench: mère troisSpanish: madre tres
Gaelic:Welsh:Manx:
122
Family Relations
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
Latin: mater tresFrench: mère troisSpanish: madre tres
Gaelic: màthairWelsh: mamManx: moir
123
Family Relations
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
Latin: mater tresFrench: mère troisSpanish: madre tres
Gaelic: màthair trìWelsh: mam tairManx: moir tree
124
Family Relati
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
Latin: mater tresFrench: mère troisSpanish: madre tres
Gaelic: màthair trìWelsh: mam tairManx: moir tree
?
125
Language Families
ROMANCE GERMANIC CELTIC
FRE ITA SPA ENG DUT GERM WEL GAE MANX
‘EUROPEAN’
126
Language Families
ROMANCE GERMANIC CELTIC
FRE ITA SPA ENG DUT GERM WEL GAE MANX
‘EUROPEAN’
2000 AD
0
2000 BC
127
European
128
Language Families
SANSKRIT HINDI GUJARATI
129
Language Families
SANSKRIT HINDI GUJARATI
?
130
Indic
English: mother three
131
Indic
English: mother
Sanskrit:Hindi:Gujarati:
132
Indic
English: mother
Sanskrit: mataHindi: maataaGujarati: ma
133
Indic
English: mother three
Sanskrit: mataHindi: maataaGujarati: ma
134
Indic
English: mother three
Sanskrit: mata trayaHindi: maataa tinaGujarati: ma traan
135
Indic
English: mother three
Sanskrit: mata trayaHindi: maataa tinaGujarati: ma traan
136
Language Families
ROMANCE GERMANIC CELTIC
FRE ITA SPA ENG DUT GERM WEL GAE MNX SANS HIN GUJ
‘EUROPEAN’ ‘INDIC’
137
Indic
138
Indic + European
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
Latin: mater tresFrench: mère troisSpanish: madre tres
Gaelic: màthair trìWelsh: mam tairManx: moir tree
Sanskrit: mata trayaHindi: maataa tinaGujarati: ma traan
139
Indic + Euro
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
Latin: mater tresFrench: mère troisSpanish: madre tres
Gaelic: màthair trìWelsh: mam tairManx: moir tree
Sanskrit: mata trayaHindi: maataa tinaGujarati: ma traan
140
Indic + Euro
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
Latin: mater tresFrench: mère troisSpanish: madre tres
Gaelic: màthair trìWelsh: mam tairManx: moir tree
Sanskrit: mata trayaHindi: maataa tinaGujarati: ma traan
141
Indic + Euro
English: mother threeDutch: moeder drieGerman: mutter drei
Latin: mater tresFrench: mère troisSpanish: madre tres
Gaelic: màthair trìWelsh: mam tairManx: moir tree
Sanskrit: mata trayaHindi: maataa tinaGujarati: ma traan
?
142
Language Families
ROMANCE GERMANIC CELTIC
FRE ITA SPA ENG DUT GERM WEL GAE IRI SANS HIN GUJ
‘EUROPEAN’ ‘INDIC’
143
Language Families
ROMANCE GERMANIC CELTIC
FRE ITA SPA ENG DUT GERM WEL GAE IRI SANS HIN GUJ
EUROPEAN INDIC
INDO-EUROPEAN
144
Indo-European
145
Indo-European
146
Not Indo-European
English: mother three
147
Not Indo-European
English: mother three
Turkish: anna üç
148
Not Indo-European
English: mother three
Turkish: anna üç
Arabic: umm tlata
149
Not Indo-European
English: mother three
Turkish: anna üç
Arabic: umm tlata
Japanese: okasan mittsu
150
Not Indo-European
English: mother three
Turkish: anna üç
Arabic: umm tlata
Japanese: okasan mittsu
Samoan: tinā tolu
151
Not Indo-European
English: mother three
Turkish: anna üç
Arabic: umm tlata
Japanese: okasan mittsu
Samoan: tinā tolu
Maya: na’ óox
152
Not Indo-European
English: mother three
Turkish: anna üç
Arabic: umm tlata
Japanese: okasan mittsu
Samoan: tinā tolu
Maya: na’ óox
?
153
Other languages and families
Indo-European: 200 languages
How many in the world???
?
154
Other languages and families
Languages:
Currently spoken: 7,000
155
Other languages and families
Languages:
Currently spoken: 7,000
(ONLY 3% Indo-European!!!)
156
157
158
Languages
Languages:Currently spoken: 7,000Extinct (known): 500
159
Languages
Languages:Currently spoken: 7,000Extinct (known): 500 (Latin,
Etruscan, Hittite, Babylonian, Old Egyptian, …)
160
Languages
Languages:Currently spoken: 7,000Extinct (known): 500 (Latin,
Etruscan, Hittite, Babylonian, Old Egyptian, …
1 more every week
161
Languages
Languages:Currently spoken: 7,000Extinct: 500Language families: 100
162
Language families
AUSTRONESIAN 1200 languages
163
Austronesian
164
Austronesian
165
Language families
AUSTRONESIAN 1200…AMERICAN INDIAN 600
166
Austric
American Indian
167
Austric
American Indian
> 1492
FRENCH
SPANISH
PORTUGUESE
ENGLISH
168
Language families
AUSTRONESIAN 1200…AMERICAN INDIAN 600…INDO-EUROPEAN 200
169
Language families
AUSTRONESIAN 1200…AMERICAN INDIAN 600…INDO-EUROPEAN 200…ESKIMO 10
170
Eskimo-Aleut
171
Language families
AUSTRONESIAN 1200…AMERICAN INDIAN 600…INDO-EUROPEAN 200…ESKIMO 10 …ISOLATES
172
Language families
AUSTRONESIAN 1200…AMERICAN INDIAN 600…INDO-EUROPEAN 200…ESKIMO 10 …ISOLATES ?
173
Isolates
174
Isolates
Basque
175
Isolate: Basque
mother haurdun
176
Isolate: Basque
mother haurdun
sun eguzki
177
Isolate: Basque
mother haurdun
sun eguzki
nose sudur
178
Isolate: Basque
mother haurdun
sun eguzki
nose sudur
bicycle txirringa
179
Isolate: Basque
mother haurdun
sun eguzki
nose sudur
bicycle txirringa
football … ?
180
Isolate: Basque
mother haurdun
sun eguzki
nose sudur
bicycle txirringa
football futbol
181
Isolate: Basque
mother haurdun
sun eguzki
nose sudur
bicycle txirringa
football futbol SPANISH
182
Isolate: Basque
mother haurdun
sun eguzki
nose sudur
bicycle txirringa
football futbol SPANISH
ENGLISH
183
?
184
?