english class 10 notes (iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com)

8/9/2019 English Class 10 Notes (Iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com)

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Application

To Principal Asking Permission for Visiting Pakistan Steel Mills and MakingNecessary Arrangement for Transport

The Principal,

X-Y-Z School, KarachiSUBJECT: PERMISSION TO VISIT PAKISTAN STEEL MILLS.

Dear Sir,With due respect, I beg to say that the students of our class wanted to visit Pakistan SteelMills Karachi. We shall be accompanied by three of our senior teachers. This trip will bea beneficial trip for us, from which we can make increment in our knowledge by

watching how machines actually work. We can also pick a valuable information for theforth-coming technical exhibition.

We will be grateful to you if you allow us to visit Pakistan Steel Mills and makenecessary arrangements for transport.

Thanking You.

Your’s faithfully,

Students of Class X

4th September, 1998

To the Principal Asking for Character Certificate

The Principal,

X-Y-Z School, KarachiSUBJECT: NEED FOR CHARACTER CERTIF ICATE.

Respected Sir,

I have the honour to inform you that I have passed the Matric with A Grade from your school. Now for taking admission in the college I shall need a character certificate.I, therefore, request you to issue me a character certificate. I’ll be grateful to your this act

of kindness.

Your’s Obediently,X-Y-Z.

4th September, 1998

To the Principal for Sick Leave

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To,The Headmistress,

ABC High School,Clifton,

Karachi.SUBJECT: APPLI CATION FOR SICK LEAVE.

Respected Madam,

I am a student of class IX of your school and has been suffering from cold and fever sinceyesterday.I am under treatment of my family doctor who has advised me bed rest for two more

days.In the light of my aliment, I would request to grant me sick leave for three days and for

this act of your’s I shall remain ever grateful to you.Thanking you once again for your favour.

Your Obedient Student,X-Y-Z.

4th September, 1998

To the Principal Asking Him for the Transfer Certificate


X-Y-Z School,Saddar,Karachi

SUBJECT: NEED FOR TRANSFER CERTIF ICATE.

Respected Madam,I am a student of your school studying in class IX at present, I feel extremely sorry to

inform you that I shall not be able to prolong my studies in your esteemed school as myfather is leaving with all the members of his family to Oman in connection with a job.

Therefore under the above circumstances, I would request you to issue me a TransferCertificate which will enable me to seek admission in a school in Oman.

Thanking You for your anticipation in this regard.

Your’s Obediently,

X-Y-Z.

4th September, 1998

To the Headmistress Requesting Her to Grant Your Leave of Absence for Six Daysfor Attending Marriage Ceremony of Your Cousin.



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ABC High School,Hyderi,

KarachiSUBJECT: REQUEST TO GRANT LEAVE TO ATTEND MARRIAGE CEREMONY.

Respected Madam,

I am writing to inform you that marriage of my cousin is going to be solemnized on 11thSeptember 1998 at Hyderabad.My parents and other relatives are leaving for Hyderabad on 6th September, 1998 to

attend the marriage.Therefore Madam, I would request you to grant me leave of absence from 6th September,

1998 till 12th September, 1998 of the same month so that I can join the happycelebrations in traditional style.

Thanking You for act of kindness in this regard.

Your’s Obediently,

X-Y-Z.

To Headmistress of Your School Requesting Her to Grant a Concession in School

Fee

To,

The Headmistress,

ABC High School,Saddar,Karachi

SUBJECT: REQUEST FOR THE CONCESSION IN FEE.

Respected Madam,I am a student of your school studying in class IX. I am very keen to continue with my

study but the financial condition of my family is very poor and it is becoming ahinderance.My father is a school teacher and earns a very little amount from his work. More over due

to inflation it has become difficult for my father to afford my education.

Madam, from the school record you will find that I have obtained excellent marks inS.S.C part 1 and hope to pass in grade A-1 in final part of same examination.In the light of the above circumstances, I would request you to grant me concession in my

school fee.

Thanking You for your anticipation in this regard.

Your Obedient Student,X-Y-Z.



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The Wise Caliph

CHAPTER – 1

Question and Answers

Q.1 What was caliph Haroon-ur -Rashid known and respected for? Ans. Caliph Haroon-ur-Rashid was famous for his wisdom and justice. The Caliph was

wise in that manner as he used to disguise himself to know the problems and difficulties

of the subject more freely and equality.

Q.2 Why did he go through the streets of Baghdad?

Ans. He would go through the streets of Baghdad to mingle with the common people inorder to gain first-hand knowledge of their difficulties. He believed that by adopting thecommon life style, he experienced the problems in true sense.

Q.3 What did the Qazi say to the Caliph? Ans. Firstly Qazi approached to the Caliph saluted him and presented a puzzled case,which the Qazi could not solve. The mystery was disturbing the Qazi because the two

men were claiming the ownership of the same horse.

Q.4 What was the dispute between the r ich man and beggar? Ans. The dispute between the rich man and the beggar because of a horse. Both of them

were claiming the ownership of horse plus accusing each other of robbery.

Q.5 What did the ri ch man tell the Cali ph? Ans. The rich man told the Caliph that he was riding towards the city. On this way he saw

a beggar, who asked for a ride up to city gate. Afterwards the beggar refused to get downfrom the horse and claimed that the horse ws his.

Q.6 What did the beggar tell the Cali ph?

The beggar told the Caliph that he had spent all his money on the horse. That morning the beggar was riding to the city and saw the rich man walking along the road. He asked for alift because he was in hurry but afterwards refused to discount claiming that the horse

belonged to him.

Q.7 Why did the beggar r efuse to go down the horse? Ans. The beggar refused to get down the horse because he wanted to rob the rich man of

his horse. He also fabricated a false story to claim his ownership.



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Q.8 What did the horse do when the beggar touched it? Ans. When the beggar touched the horse it winced as if it did not like the touch of his

hand. This reaction of the animals show that it was not owned by the beggar.

Q.9 What did the horse do when the r ich man touched it?

Ans. When the rich man touched the horse it neighed and snorted with pleasure. This

reaction of the horse proved the true ownership of the rich man.

Q.10 What did the Cali ph say to the beggar? Ans. The Caliph pronounced the beggar that he was a lair and wicked man. And by

forgiving him asked him to beg the pardon of the rich man. Afterwards the rich manforgave him.

Sentences

1. Afford …………………… I can’t afford such a heavy expense.

2. Puzzled ………………… Ali was puzzled with the sum.3. Disguise ……………….. The magician disguised himself as a woman in a second.4. Dispute ………………… The Kashmir dispute is a bone of contention between India

and Pakistan.5. Lend …………………….. Please lend me your physics book.

Synonyms

1. shiver – tremble

2. astonish – amaze3. cling – stick

4. request – beg5. stiffen – harden6. severe – stern

7. utterly – completely8. disguise – hide

9. obvious – clear 10. puzzled – confused

11. mingle – mix

Complete the Sentences

1. A large crowd had gathered outside the court.2. The courtiers crowed round the Caliph.

3. The Caliph disguised himself as a common man.4. The people recognized the Caliph inspite of his disguise.5. His right leg is shorter than the left leg, so he has a limp in his walk.

6. The rich man saw the lame beggar limping along the road.7. The beggar motioned to him to stop.

8. He stood still and made no motion.



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9. He uttered a few words and then lost consciousness.10. To his utter disappointment he failed in the examination.

11. The rich man went galloping along the road.12. The horse was running at a gallop.

13. The rich man and the beggar both claimed the horse.14. Whose claim was found to be true?

Verbs and Nouns

1. Beg – Beggary

2. Live – Life3. Lend – Loan4. Believe – Belief

5. Please – Pleasant6. Give – Gift

7. Speak – Speech

Composition

1. Describe the dispute between the r ich man and the poor beggar and how did the

Cali ph prove that the beggar was a li ar? The dispute between the rich man and the beggar was because of a white horse. Both ofthem were claiming the ownership of the horse plus accusing each other of the robbery.Firstly, rich man riding to the city, he saw the beggar limping along the road. He felt

sorry for him and gave him a ride up city gate. Afterwards, the beggar refused to

dismount claiming that horse belonged to him. The beggar also told the same story withfew amendments.The Caliph, being wise, settled the dispute in a minute. He ordered both the men to touch

the horse. When the beggar touched the horse, it showed the displeasure by wincing. Butwhen the rich man touched the horse, It neighed and snorted with pleasure. The reactionof the animal proved the true ownership of the rich man. In this manner the case was

decided and the Caliph was able to prove that the beggar was a liar and wicked man.

2. What is the moral of the lesson “The Wise Cali ph”? The lesson “The Wise Caliph” teaches us that if someone is dishonest to you and treats

you in the bad manner, you should not treat him in the smae manner in which her

behaved. The best revenge for a bad deed is a good deed.



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Professions

CHAPTER – 3


Q.1 What does “Akhund” mean? Ans. “Akhund” is a Sindhi word derived from a Persian word “Khandan” which means

“to read”. It is the best word to express the teachers dignity and status.

Q.2 How does a teacher fulf il l, God’ s command? Ans. The teacher fulfills God’s command by acting upon the first relation i.e. “to read”

(IQRA). Teacher observe God’s Law by reading from the human heart, the nature and theHoly book.

Q.3 What are the qual iti es of a teacher? Ans. Teacher must possess some personal and professionals Gaits. Personal qualities

include interest for knowledge, reverence for all sorts knowledge, preference for studentswelfare. The other qualities are love to learn from every source and also to apply

practically what he preaches.

Q.4 Why is fi sh important for us? Ans. Fish is important, for us because it is a source of food and several by-products are

obtained from fish i.e. glue, manure, liver oil. Catching fish is one of the most ancientand common profession of the world due to which a large number of people are engaged

with this profession. It is also a flourishing trade.

Q.5 What are the dif ferent modes of f ishing? Ans. Freshment fishing or fishing – inland and sea or marine fishing are the two different

modes of fishing. Freshwater fishing is done in rivers, Lakes, streams, ponds etc whilemarine fishing is done in oceans, sea, coastal areas etc.

Q.6 Why do people like fr eshment f ish?

Ans. People like freshment fish because of its delicious taste. They are of very small size

and easier to catch rather than marine fishing. It is usually caught from rivers, lakes, ponds, canals etc.

Q.7 Where is marine fishing done in Pakistan? Ans. In Pakistan, marine fishing is done in the Arabian sea long the coast. The hazards ofmarine fishing include prolong stay o the fisherman in deep sea. The other danger is

sudden change of weather, which can result in the loss of many lives.



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Composition

Explain any one quali ty of a teacher .The most elegant quality of a teacher is that he takes keen interest in learning from every

source. He does not hesitate in capturing knowledge from every point in life. He does notkeep himself committed to the books only. But tries to gain knowledge from any and

everyone. even those younger or less gifted than himself. It means that he remains studentforever. So, the good teacher is one who is enthusiastic for gaining knowledge from every

source of life.

Unseen Passage

Before railways were made the cultivator derived little benefit on abundant harvest. Hecould not send his product to distant places to be sold; and if the land produced more than

it was required in any particular district, as would happen in a good season. Prices felland the cultivator was deprived of the profit which he might have expected, indeed, heoften found it more economical to leave apart of his crop circuit. Railway has altered

these conditions equalized has enabled agricultural, produce the improvements incommunication to be sent to any distance with the result that prices have been in all

places, within reasonable distance from the railway. When harvest are abundant,foodstuffs no longer not for want of buyers, since the farmer now has access to all themarkets of the world.

Questions1. Write down to main problems the farmer had to face before rail ways were made?

Ans. The main hazards the farmer had to face were that he could not send his produce tothe far-flung areas. The other problem was that if more crop is harvested, the prices felland he deprived of the profit.

2. Why did the prices of agr icul tural produce fall in good season?

Ans. the prices of agricultural products fell in good season because of abundant quantityof produce.

3. Why did the culti vators sometimes leave a part of his crop uncut?

Ans The farmers sometimes left a part of their crop uncut because it was found moreeconomical for them other than getting low prices for the produce.

4. How has the improvement in communi cation helped to equal ize the pri ces of

agr icultu re produce? Ans. The improvement in communication has helped to equalize the prices of agricultural products because after the establishment to transport link, the products can be taken to ay

part of the world.

5. Change the bold verbs into Present Tense.Ans. were made – are made, derived – derive



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Fill in the Blanks

1. The teacher examined each student carefully.2. River Indus is an important reservoir of water for irrigtion.

3. Stamp collecting is a good hobby.4. The lunch was very tasty.

5. They are modernizing their mill by importing new machinery.6. Manara is an off-shore island.

7. Coal Car is a by-product of petrol.

Grammar

Put the verb in correct tense.1. I shall stay(stay) here until he comes (come) back.

2. If you speak (speak) the truth, i shall not punish (not punish) you.3. When he reached (reach) the station the train had arrived (arrive).4. I found (find) the book which i had lost (lose).

5. If you do not hurry (not hurry) you will miss (miss) the train.6. If it does not rain (not rain) we shall go (go) out for a walk in the evening.

7. If he studies (study) regularly he will pass (pass) the examination.8. He went (go) to the market and bought (buy) two exercise books yesterday.9. I go (go) abroad for higher studies as soon as my result is announced (announce).

10. The teacher punished (punish) the boys who hadn’t done (not done) the homework.

Use of “Since” or “For”.

1. It has been raining since morning.2. They have been playing foot ball for an hour.3. I have been living in this house since January.

4. She has been suffering from fever for two days.5. I have been preparing for the examination since Sunday last.6. He has been building a house for six months.

7. The girl has been making a doll since noon.8. He has been studying in this school since 1984.

Idioms

1. To back out of something.Meaning: To withdraw from an agreement.Sentence: You gave you word that you should help. Don’t back out of it.

2. To beat about the bush .

Meaning: To go around the topic in order to avoid the point.Sentence: Say exactly what you mean and stop beating about the bush.



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3. Bone to pick with someone.Meaning: grievance about something.

Sentence: I have a bone to pick with you.

Synonyms

1. Reflection – Image2. Enshrined – preserved carefully

3. Divine – of God4. Dignity – honour

5. Par excellence – the best6. cultivating – developing7. professional – concerning one’s job

8. regard – opinion

Choose the Right Meaning

1. reverencing – (reversing, paying respect to, referring)2. appreciates – (thinks, pays money to values)

3. inscribed – (demand, written, described)4. decree – (certificate, command, temperature)

5. ponders – (thinks about, wanders about, swims about)6. gifted – (rewarded, talented, indobted)7. sources – (influences, wounds, fountains)

8. strives (groups, tries hard, sleeps)

9. incorporation – (put an end to, make part of , make a role of )10. status – (a country, position, property



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Little Things

CHAPTER – 4

Central Idea

ReferenceThis poem is written by Julia Carney. The poem emphasis upon the importance of little

things.

Central Idea Nothing in this material world is unimportant. Even little things, which fail to claim and

importance and fail to invite our attention, have their importance which cannot beignored. Same as short, brief an soft spoken words create an everlasting impression in thehearts of others. Thus help to establish a harmonies society.

Theme

“If a great thing is simple to explain and easy to understand then the little things demandelaboration of details.”


Q.1 Write five lines about a little out of kindness done by you, and the result of it?

Ans. Once a poor woman came to my house. She asked us about some money becauseher only son was in the hospital and she needed the money to buy medicines for him. My

mother did not believe on her story but I offered my whole collection of the year whichwas about 800 to 900 rupees. In return, the woman gave me so much prays that I felt very

happy on my act.

Sentences

1. To make fun of – We should not make fun of poor because they are also human beingslike us.

2. To make room – The conductor was trying to make room for incoming passengersinside the bus.

3. To make money – Most of the people spend their lives in making money other thandoing good deed.4. To make a mistake – Aslam is making a mistake by choosing Qurban as his partner.

5. To make up – I’ve made up my mind to go to England for higher studies after thematriculation exams.



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Use of made of 1. That house is made of bricks.

2. This cushion is made of foam rubber.3. These machines are made of steel.

Idioms

1. To make the most of

Meaning: To take the fullest advantage of the circumstancesSentence: he led me use his bicycle for a month so I’m going to make the most of it.

2. To make the both ends meet

Meaning: To be able to live within one’s income.Sentence: I had to take up a part time job to be able to make the both ends meet.

3. To make one’s mouth water

Meaning: To cause someone to desire something intensely, especially food.Sentence: As soon as we got the smell of food, it made our mouth water.



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A Visit

CHAPTER – 5


Q.1 Why were M r. Ahmed’s pupil excited?

Ans. Mr. Ahmed’s pupils were excited because they were given a day off to visit a Model

Agricultural Farm. They were naturally very excited.

Q.2 What surpr ised the boys when they reached the model farm?

Ans. When the boys reached the farm, they were surprised to see such a vast area of farm.

They were also astonished to see mechanized farm.

Q.3 What is the name of the machine worki ng in the wheat fi eld?

Ans. The name of the machine working in the wheat field is “Combine”. Its function is toharvest the crop and tied it into sheaves.

Q.4 What does a thresher do?

Ans. A Thresher chaff from the grain. From one side of the machine, a golden rain of

sweet smelling machine comes out while from other end the chaff comes out.

Q.5 How are ploughi ng, seeding and harvesting done on the model farm?

Ans. On the model farm, ploughing is done by tractors. The sowing machine is used forthe purpose of seeding where as harvesting is done by Combine.

Q.6 How much work can one man do on the machine?

Ans. Machines have made the work easy for the farmer. That’s why a man can do thework of almost hundred men with the help of machines.

Q.7 What is an average produce fr om and ordinary farm? What i s the produce per

hectare on the model f arm? Ans. The average produce from na ordinary farm is 13 to 20 quintals. Where as average

produce per hectare on the model farm is 60 to 70 quintals.

Q.8 Why is thee is dif ference in the output of the two?

Ans. There is a difference in the output of the two because of the machines used in model

farm. The use of modern machinery and chemical, fertilizers in model farm has madework feasible for farmers. Moreover, spray of pesticides / insecticides and continuoussupply of water has helped to increase the work output.



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Q.9 What do they do to ki l l germs and insects?

Ans. They spray pesticides and insecticides for the prevention of germs and insects. This

process includes washing of tree trunks with lime water and removal of wild grass andweeds.

Q.10 What do they grow on the model farm?

Ans. They grow wheat, maize, cotton, sugarcane and grant. Moreover, they also growvegetables and they also have a large orchard, where they grow mangoes and oranges.

Q.11 Why were the boys surpr ised on the vegetable form?

Ans. The boys were surprised on the vegetable farm to see the vegetable growing out ofthe season on the vegetable form. They do it by the usage of chemical fertilizers; plentifulsupply of water and by the help modern machine.

Sentences

1. Planning – I am planning to take computer classes in the summer vacations.2. Model – The engineer presented a new model of car in the seminar.3. Irrigate – The farmer has dug the canals to irrigate his land.

4. Plentiful – I’ve got plentiful amount of money to spent on you.5. Harmful – Pollution is a very harmful disease for this world.

Complete the following Sentences

1. The Headmaster had all owed them a day’s outing.

2. Mr. Haroon received them at the gate and showed them around.3. With one sweep it seemed to eat up a large area.

4. The pupils watched the working of the machine with keen interest.5. No, certainly not.6. The sowing machine sows , the seed well.

7. No seed goes waste.8. We use chemical fertilizers to enrich the soil.

9. The visitors were sur pr ised to see growing there such vegetables as were out ofseason.

10. He offered the boys fresh tomatoes and cucumbers.

Composition

1. Nar rate in your own words how they get so much produce per rectare on the modelfarm.

The farmers are able to grow an abundant produce on the model farm because of themodern techniques. They use modern machines, which can perform the work of hundredmen. Along with, fertilizers are being used on a vast scale in the farm, so that better and

finer crops can be grown. Moreover, spray of pesticides/insecticides and non-stop supplyof water has helped to increase the work output.



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2. Write the sentences to show whether modern methods of farming are better nor the

old ones.

Machines and techniques have made the profession farming easy for the farmers. Modernmethods are better than the old ones because they are more easy to operate than the old

methods.They have increase the feasibility of work, because of mechanized means. In this way,one machine can do the work of hundred men. The old methods worked very slow and

took a long time of the farmer. But today, the time is also saved and good crops can begrown. Today chemical fertilizers are being used in crops on vast scale, along with

pesticides. These salts provide extra enrichment to the crops and protect them fromdiseases. In this manner better crops could be grown.

Dialogues

Instructor: “Hello! I m from the department of Agriculture. I’ve come here to guide

you”.Farmer : “How can I increase the production?”I nstructor : “You can do it by using chemical fertilizers in your crops.”

Farmer: “But how these artificial compounds can increase the growth?”Instructor: “Actually these fertilizers are salts, which provide extra nourishment to the

crops. In this manner you can grow better crops”.Farmer: “OK! Now tell me any other advantage of these fertilizers.”

Instructor: ” By using these salts you can also grow the crops that are out of season.”Farmer: ” Well I’ve another problem to discuss.”

Instructor: ” What is it?”

Farmer: “Last year my whole crop was destroyed due to some insects. Tell me any curefor it?”

Instructor: “Don’t worry Look! These are the begs of pesticides or you can call itinsecticides.”

Farmer: “Please make it more clear.’Instructor: “Sure, actually these pesticides serve as medicines which will kill the insects

and prevent destruction of crops.”Farmer: “Oh it’s very easy. you’ve provided me a useful knowledge. Thank You.”Instructor: “No matter, its my job.”

Grammar

Use Adjectives in your sentences.1. Pleasant – This perfume gives a very pleasant smell.2. Interesting – Physics is an interesting subject.

3. Huge - Sun is very huge as compared to our earth.4. Vast – Arrangement have been made on vast scale for the prevention of crimes in the

country.5. Large – This exercise is very large.

Convert the following into Direct Speech.



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Mr. Hasan told the visitors that the farm had been doing so well that they had decided toadd a dairy to it. There, Finest cows and buffaloes would be kept. The farm would use an

electric milker to milk the animals Modern Machinery would make cream and butter.

Mr. Hasan said to the visitors “The farm has been doing so well that we have decided toadd a dairy to it. Here, finest cows and buffaloes will be kept. The farm, will use an

electric milker to milk the animals. Modern machinery will make cream and butter.”

Idioms

1. Get r id of – I got rid of problem by my father.2. Get at – He get at the point after listening the mystery.



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King Faisal

CHAPTER – 6


Q.1 When was King F aisal born?

Ans. The Late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia was born in 1907. He was the second son of

King Abdul Aziz Ibn Sa’ud.

Q.2 From whom did he receive his religious education?

Ans. King Faisal belonged to a noble and religious family so the received his religious

education from his maternal grand father Sheikh Abdullah Bin Latif.

Q.3 When was Faisal made the King?

Ans. Faisal was made King after the illness of his elder brother King saud in 1964. Thecouncil of Ministers chose him as a king because of his wisdom and intelligence.

Q.4 How did Faisal rule Saudi Ar abia?

Ans. Being an able ruler and possessing great qualities of Leadership. Faisal ruled Saudi

Arabia wisely and justly Saudi Arabia was polished under his rule because of his sincereleadership and love for his country. He did his best for the development of the country.

Q.5 How did he developed his country?

Ans. Keeping a vast governing experience, Fisal took all necessary steps to develop his

country. He spend a lot of money to promote his people and provided the basic amenitiesof life to the people at their footsteps. He setup new industries and milk, provided the

education with stipends compulsory and took every step to increase mineral oil’s production, which is the main source of income. Vast areas deserts were irrigated and

brought under cultivation.

Q.6 What were the feeli ngs of King FAisal about Pakistan? Ans. King Faisal was a sincere friend and well-wisher of the people of Pakistan. Heshowed his sincerely on several ocasions by providing all-out metal and material support.

He felt deeply on the separation of Pakistan. He was the one who gave the “Castle ofIslam” to Pakistan and his name shall live foreever in the hearts of Pakistan.

Q.7 Why was King Faisal against the State of I srael?

Ans. King Faisal was against the state of Israel, because of its enmity towards the ARabs.Infact, he was arare of the aggressive designs of European block, that why he condemned

the illegal occupation of israel. He demanded that the previous state of Jerusalem should be restored i.e. to be given under the control of Muslims as a holy Islamic city.



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Q.8 What did FAisal do for the Ar abs in their war against I srael?

Ans. Faisal made every possible effort to get back the ARab territories and provided full

financial support to Arabs. He never recognized the state of Israel and did not establishany kind of relation with it at any level. He was the one who introduce the Arabs as a

community.

Q.9 When was King Faisal ki ll ed?

Ans. King Faisal was killed by a wicked nephew of his on 25th March, 1975. Actually

hee was murdered by a skillful fabricated plan.

Q.10 How did the muslims feel over hi s death?

Ans. The Muslims felt deep sorrow over his death. Pakistan now in his death as one oftheir family members had died. His name shall be written in the letters of gold and will be

remembered forever.

Sentences

1. Education – Islam makes it compulsory for all humans to acquire education.2. Govern – The President governs the country with an iron hand.

3. Gain – Aslam gained a good profit in his joint venture.4. Spread – Newspaper are the best media to spread the messages of Government.

5. Affair – This affair is keeping him occupied.

Complete the Following Sentences

1. Faisal started taking interest in the affairs of the state.2. He received religious education from his maternal grandfather.

3. He was made governor of Hijaz when he was only twenty.4. He helped his father in governing the country.

Composition

1. King Faisal

King Faisal had a royal background that’s why from the very beginning he was aware

from the art of governing. Due to his intelligence, he was made P.M. in early age. He wasa very sincere and true leader. He made the correct usage of all sources of income. He

used mineral oil as a weapon for Arab to fight with the European block. he was aware ofthe aggressive plans of non-Muslims, that’s why he openly declared it to the MuslimWorld. He also gave the solution by awaking the need of unity among the Muslims. he

was only leader who recognized the Arabs as a community in the World. Now, he is nomore but his efforts shall be remembered forever.

2. Ki ng Faisal’ s Ef for ts to Uni te the Muslims



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To create unity among Muslims and to unite them on one platform, was the main aim ofKing Faisal. He realized that only solution to the problems which the Muslims world is

currently facing lies in the unity among the Muslims. He provoke the need of brotherhood among the Muslims. He gave the idea and practically hold the Islamic

Summit conferences in which all the problems were discussed at Length. he alwayssupported the Muslims at their hard times which created an examplary effect on theMuslims. The best best example is his continuous struggle against the Israeli occupation

of the Arab Territories. Infact, he chose the right path to save the Muslims fromdevastation.

Idioms

1. go into – He goes into trouble through his foolishness.

2. go through – Have you gone through my report card?3. go together – My opinion about this matter does not go together with yours.

Grammar

Nouns

1. Born – Birth2. Educate – Education

3. Resign – Resignation4. Move – Movement5. Rule – Ruler

6. Govern – Government

7. Serve – Service8. Visit – A Visit9. Die – Death

10. Develop – Development



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From a Railway Carriage

CHAPTER – 7

Central Idea

ReferenceThis poem is written by Robert Louis Stevenson, a Scottish poet. In this poem, he shows

both the sides of picture i.e. good and evil. He loved the children and understood them.

Central IdeaThis poem tells that one decides upon on objectives suiting one’s natural aptitudes and

capacities, one should not waste time and should use all the energies in the effort to attainit and not to be distracted by anything, however beautiful it may be.

ThemeWe are not here to pay, to dream, to drill we have hard work to do and lots to lift. Shun

not the struggle, “Its God gift”.


Q.1 What does the poet see from a railway carr iage?

Ans. He sees the beauty of the area. He also sees a boy who is collecting services hardly,

a homeless person who is doing nothing but to stare and a man who is lifting theoverloaded cart.

Q.2 What pleasur es does the railway journey give to the poet?

Ans. The railway journey gives an immeasurable pleasure to the post. Natural beauty provides him an everlasting joy which includes the sights of meadows, daisies, mill,

river, hill plain etc. He is pleased because a thing of beauty is a joy forever.

Idioms

1. I n all – There are four eggs in all in the basket.2. Al l at once – All at once the rain started to fall.

3. Al l the same – This matter is all the same to me.4. All alone – A soldier destroyed the enemy’s for all alone in the war.

5. All about – Its all about the corruption spreading in the country.



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Dignity of Work

CHAPTER – 8


Q.1 What did Akhter not answer his mother?

Ans. Akhter, being stubborn did not answer his mother. He was feeling cross and angry

because he was made to do the work of servants and gardeners with his own hands.

Q.2 What did Mr. I nayat tell the chil dren?

Ans. Mr. Inayat usually used to tell interesting stories of different parts of the world. But

on that particular day, he told the children about the dignity of doing work with our ownhands.

Q.3 What reason did Akhter give his under for being cross?

Ans. The reason for Akhtar’s anger was that he was forced to do the mean would. He

believed that by doing out cast his greatness is decreased and was feeling ashame on hisact.

Q.4 What did the teacher do himself ? Ans. The teacher swept the room and emptied the dustbin. The head master also took partin the activities by cleaning bathroom.

Q.5 What did the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H ) love?

Ans. Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) loved to do the work for himself and for others with hisown hands. He never felt shy in repairing and mending his shoes, washing clothes and

sweeping room. He proudly joined his companions in digging ditch during the KhandaqBattle.

Q.6 Were the companions of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) li ke him?

Ans. Yes, the companions of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) like him. They were the completesketch of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) personality and loved doing work with their hands.Hazrat Abu Bakr not did his own work but also helped others.

Q.7 What did Hazrat Abu Bakr do?

Ans. Hazrat Abu Bakr was the orthodox Caliph of Muslims. Following of footsteps ofHoly Prophet (P.B.U.H), he did every kind of work, his own as well as of others. He

fetched water far widows and neighbours who were very old and had no one to work forthem.



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Q.8 What did Hazrat Fatima do?

Ans. Hazrat Fatima was the beloved and dearest daughter of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H).

She could have servants being the daughter of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H), but like her fathershe fetched water, ground corn and swept the house.

Q.9 How did Sultan Nasir uddin earned his living?

Ans. Sultan Nasir-uddin was a very pious Emperor of Muslims. He earned his living bymaking caps, although he could take money from the emperor’s treasury.

Q.10 What does everyone do in China?

Ans. People at China believe that all ought to work. Everyone has to spend sometimeeach year working in the fields or in a factor. Even the Prime Minister and his wife do thework.

Word Meanings

1. cross – angry2. reason – cause3. pleasant – friendly

4. surprised – astonished5. favourite – specially liked

6. treat – behave towards somebody7. noble – showing high character 8. feteree – went for an brought back

9. advanced – developed

Composition

Dignity of Work

Greatness of work or significance of work stand in the meanings of dignity of work .Itmeans that every kind of work is great. No matter how small or how trivial it is. By doing

work with our own hands, our greatness is not curtailed and we should, not feel shy ordisgrace in doing chores of daily life. Dignity of work is very importance because it

produces the spirit of doing hard work which enables us to face the hardship of life. Itcreates modesty on our personality and helps in the modification of ourselves. It also

makes us ethical and social. So, we should realize that by doing work with our own handsmake us honourable and great.



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A Nation’s Strength

CHAPTER – 9

Central Idea

ReferenceRaph Waldo Emerson is the writer of this beautiful poem. His philosophy is everlasting,

because it arose from a desire to make all things new, to seize life freshly.

Central IdeaThe vigorous growth of any nation does not depend on wealth. But majority the result of

hard work, high moral character and virtues of great people. A nation’s strength is a fruitof which labour is seed.

ThemeThe heights by great men reached and kept were nor attained by sudden light, But they,

while their companions left, were toiling upward in the night. (Henry Longfellow)“people do not lack strength they lack will.”

Character Character means moral qualities which constitute personal or national individuality. Anation’s strength rest upon the character of its people. Men of character achieve greatness

for their nation through sacrifices and hones deeds. They build their nation on foundationof lasting virtue. So character is a parameter which can be used to measure the depth of a

man’s personality. “When wealth is lost, nothing is lost. When health is lost, something islost. When Character is lost, everything is lost.

Idioms

1. With Heart and Soul

Meaning: All one’s energies and interest.Sentence

1.That teacher is very popular because she works with heart and soul.

2. We should love our country with heart and soul.



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Q.9 What did the tiger do when the farmers wif e said that she would eat a tiger? Ans. Actually the tiger was coward at heart. That’s why when he listened the terrifying

dialogues from the farmer’s wife. He run away to save his dear life.

Q.10 What did the jackal say to the running tiger?

Ans. The jackal revealed the fact that the blood-thirsty killer was actually the farmer’s

wife. He also promised to show the real identity of the killer.

Q.11 What did the farmer’ s wif e say to the Jackal? Ans. The farmer’s wife thanked Jackal for bringing such a fine tiger to her. She also

asked for two more tigers because she wanted to show the character of a blood-thirstykiller to afraid the tiger.

Sentences

1. Command: The major commanded his soldiers to attack the enemy’s fort.

2. Coward: To sing a song behind one’s back is a very coward act.3. Deliver: Newspaper are the best media to deliver the messages of Government.4. Tender: We should deal everyone in a tender and delicate manner.”

5. Trick: We should not play tricks with others.

Composition

Q.1 Why did the farmer off er the tiger his cow? Ans. Firstly the tiger demanded the farmer’s bullocks in a dramatic style. The demand of

the tiger terrified the farmer. He thought that if he had no bullocks to plough the field,there would be no wheat to make bread. He thought that if he gives his fat cow instead of

bullocks, this would be profitable for him. That’s why the farmer offered the tiger, hiscow.

Q.2 How did farmer’ s wife fr ighten the tiger?

Ans. The farmer’s wife frighted the tiger by cladding herself as a blood-thirsty killer. She

put on her husband’s best clothes, lied a fine turban round her head. Then she saddled thehorse and rode to the field. When she reached there, said in loud and bold voice that she

was really in need of a tiger. She also added that she was habitual of eating three tigers aday. The tiger was coward at heart, that’s why when he listened such dialogues, he ran to

same his dear life?

Q.3 How did the Jackal encourage the tiger? Ans. The Jackal firstly flattered the tiger. Then he encouraged him by revealing the fact

that the bloodthirsty killer, who was terrifying the tiger, was the farmer’s wife. He also promised to show the real identity of farmer’s wife i.e. her long hair in order to provedhis claim. He did so because he thought that he might also have a piece from the tiger’s

hunt.



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Q.4 What is the moral of the lesson “The Clever Wife”? Ans. The lesson “The Clever Wife” teaches us that we can erase tireny from the society

by showing boldness in our character. We should not be panic, while facing tribulationsof life and we must keep our units along us.

Grammar

1.Direct to I ndir ect Speech

Direct : Tiger said to the farmer, “Good morning, farmed of God has commanded me to

eat your bullocks. Now obey God’s command and deliver them to me.” Indirect: Tiger greeted the farmer that God had commanded him to eat farmer’s bullocks.

He ordered farmer to obey God’s command then and deliver them to him.

Direct: Farmer said to the tiger, “God has commanded me to plough the fields and iCannot do so without my bullocks. Perhaps, Sir, you have made a mistake.”

Indirect: Farmer told tiger that God had commanded him to plough the fields and hewould not do so without his bullocks. Might the tiger had made a mistake.

Direct: Tiger said, ” I know better what God wishes me to do so hurry up and hand overthe bullocks to me.”

Indirect: Tiger said that he knew better what God wished him to do; he ordered thefarmer to hurry up and handover the bullocks to me.

Direct: Farmer said to the Tiger, “Please, Sir, I’ve a fat cow at home. I’ll fetch it for you

in a few moments.” Indirect: Farmer requested the tiger that he had a fat cow at home. He would fetch it fo

you in a few moments.

Direct: The tiger said, “All right, go and bring the cow but leave, the bullocks here. I promise I’ll not hurt them.” Indirect: The tiger commanded the farmer to go and bring the cow but leave the bullocks

there. He promised he would not hurt them.

Direct: The wife said to the farmer, “You are already home, I haven’t yet started myhousehold work.”

Indirect: The wife asked the farmer that he was already home and that she hadn’t yetstarted her house hold work.

Direct: The farmer said to his wife, “Please, hurry up! Tell me what to do. The tiger is

waiting for the cow. If I am late, the tiger will eat up the bullocks.” Indirect: The farmer begged his wife to hurry up and tell him what to do. The tiger was

waiting for the co. If he was late, the tiger would eat up the bullocks.

Direct: The farmer’s wife said, “Where shall and get the milk from? How shall I make butter and ghee if you give away the cow?”



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Indirect: The farmer’s wife questioned where they would get the milk from. How shewould make butter and ghee if he gave away the cow.

Direct: The farmer said, “I know but bread is more important than butter. If I’ve no

bullocks to plough the field with, there’ll be no wheat to make bread.” Indirect: The farmer said that he knew but bread was more important than butter. If he

had no bullocks to plough the field with there would be no wheat to make bread.

Direct: The farmer’s wife said, “No, I won’t let you take the cow.” Indirect: The farmer’s wife refused she would not let him took the cow.

Direct: the farmer said, “Then find some way out.”

Indirect: The farmer ordered to find some way out then.

Direct: The farmer’s wife said, “Very well, I shall think of a way. Leave it to me. No go back to the tiger and tell him that your wife is bringing the cow.”

Indirect: The farmer’s wife exclaimed that she would think of a way. Leave it to her. Sheordered the farmer to go back to the tiger and tell him that his wife was bringing the cow.

Direct: The farmer’s wife said, “How I would like to eat a live tiger! It’s flesh is sotender and tasty. Yesterday, I ate three tigers, bones and all. I hope I shall find at least one

delicious little tiger today.” Indirect: The farmer’s wife said that how she would like to eat a live tiger. It’s flesh was

so tender and tasty. The day before, she had eaten three tigers, bones and all. She hopedshe would find at least one delicious little tiger that day.

Direct: The jackal said to the tiger, “What is the matter, my lord? Where are you off to?”

Indirect: The jackal asked the tiger what was the matter. Where he was off to?

Direct: The tiger said to the jackal, “Run for your life. There’s a blood – thirstyhorseman, who goes about eating tigers.” Indirect: The tiger said to the jackal to run for his life. There was a blood-thirsty

horseman, who went about eating tigers.

Direct: The jackal said to the tigers, “Oh that was only the farmer’s wife. She has playeda trick on you. Come with me, my lord, and I shall you her long hair.

Indirect: The jackal told the tiger that, she had been the farmers wife only. She had played a trick on tiger. He said to the tiger to go with him, and he would show him her

long hair.

Direct: The tiger said to the jackal, “Are you sure it’s only a woman.” Indirect: The tiger asked the jackal if he was sure it was only a woman.

Direct: The jackal said to the tiger, “Don’t you trust your old friend.”

Indirect: The jackal asked the tiger if he not trusted his old friend.



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Direct: The farmer said to his wife, “Now we are lost.” Indirect: The farmer told his wife that they were lost them.

Direct:The farmer’s wife said to the farmer, “Don’t you worry. I shall deal with them.”

Indirect:The farmer’s wife told the farmer not to worry. She would deal with them.

Direct: The farmer’s wife said to the jackal, ” Ah, thank you so much, dear Mr. Jackal,for bringing me such a fine gift of a tiger. I was really looking for such a one. Have you

any more because I must eat three tigers a day.” Indirect: The farmer’s wife thanked jackal for bringing her such a fine gift for a tiger.

She had been really looking for such a one. If he had any more because she must ate threetigers a day.

2. Preposition

1. The tiger was angry with the jackal.

2. The farmer’s wife laughed at her husband.3. The farmer’s wife was not afraid from the tiger.4. I’ll fetch the cow for you in a few moments.

3. Sentences As a Noun and Verb

1. Command – We should obey the command of our elders. (N)1. Commanded – The teacher commanded the students to take a surprise test. (V)

2. Growl – The panther’s growl made the hunter terrified. (N)2. Growled – The tiger growled at the fox because he was scrabbing his catch. (V)

3. Plough – Tractor is better tool than bullocks to plough the fields. (N)

3. Ploughed – The farmer ploughed the field to earn his bread. (V)

4. Anger – Anger is prohibited in Islam. (N)4. Angered – Aslam angered when he listened the news of his failure in exams. (V)

5. Trick – The audience were very excited with the funny tricks of joker. (N)

5. Tricked – He tricked me by telling wrong exercise to me for the test. (V)

6. Surprise – There is a strange surprise for you in the store room. (N)6. Surprised – Fahad was surprisedwith the slims. (V)

7. Milk – Milk is a balanced and complete diet. (N)

7. Milked – The cow milked her calf. (V)

8. Despair – We should not be despair while facing hardships of life. (N)8. Despair – Ahmed was greatly despair because he failed in the annual exams. (V)



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4. Synonyms

1. Bold – Brave2. Firm – Strong

3. Delicious – Tasty4. Despair – Hopelessness

5. Solute – Great6. Eager – Desirous

7. Tender – Soft



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Beautiful Hands

CHAPTER – 11

Central Idea

ReferenceThis poem is written by an American poetess Ellen M.H.Gates. She wrote religious

songs. Collection of her poems were published in 1987 and 1910.

Central IdeaMother’s hands are the symbol of Love. A mother is a pivot, around which the whole

family revolves. She relieves the tedium of life, sheds the divine light in the darkness,alleviates distress, does her duties by her children makes them happy, healthy andintelligent citizens of tomorrow. The progress of a nation depends upon the care and skill

with which mothers rear up their children.

ThemeThe theme of this poem can be expressed in the words of Napoleon that:

“Give me good mothers, I’ll Give you good nation.”

or

“The hands that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world.”


Q.1 What words or phrases tell us that they are not pretty in the physical sense? Ans. The words “ages and wrinkled” tell us that the hands are not beautiful in their

physical appearance. It means that these hands are old and full of wrinkles. They areneither fair not small but rough and big.

Q.2 Why does the poetess prai se the hands in the second stanza? Ans. The poetess praises the hands in the second stanza because these hands carelesslyworked hard inspite of exhaustion and utter fatigue in order to provide happiness of her

children. The poetess is showing repentance because when she was young, she could’vehelped her mother in doing chars of daily life but she did not.

Q.3 In the thi rd stanza, what does “These hands must folded be” mean?

Ans. The words, “These hands must folded be” mean that the death time of the poetessmother was near to come. The poetess is showing her grief because soon her mother

would be under the layers of wild flowers in a folding manner.



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Q.4 Who does the poetess praise in thi s poem? Ans. In this poem, the poetess pays a high tribute to her mother’s hands for their spiritual

beauty. She further defined these hands that they worked restlessly inspite of facingtribulations of life, so that her family might enjoys a happy life.

Idioms

With a high hand – Disregarding the feeling of other

Sentence – He is most unpopular because he decides matter with a high hand.



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A Village Fair

CHAPTER – 12


Q.1 Why was the vi l lage decorated?

Ans. When Bilal reached his cousin’s village he saw that the village was beautifully

decorated with colourful buntings and flags unusually. The reason behind that decoration

was that the annual village fair was being celebrated.

Q.2 Why was it the best time to visit the vil lage?

Ans. Bilal visited the village in his summer vacations. It would be best time for him tovisit the village because the villagers were celebrating annual fair which is held only oncein year. Bilal luckily experienced the amazing sights of this fair.

Q.3 How did the juggler entertain the people?

Ans. The juggler entertained the people through his funny and amazing tricks. He juggledwith seven balls at a time without dropping any of them. It was a great game of practice

and skill.

Q.4 How did the conjurer perf orm hi s tri cks?

Ans.The conjurer performed several unbelievable tricks through his clever skill. He took

Bilal’s handkerchief and tore it into pieces. Later on he astonished the audience byreturning the handkerchief in just one piece.

Q.5 What is tent-pegging?

Ans. Tent -Pegging is a typical feature of Pakistani fair and a popular country game. Inthis game, the horse rider has to pull up the wooden pegs fixed in the ground. They do

this with the help of lances.

Q.6 What made the dogs run in the dog race? Ans. Dog race is a kind of fascinating entertainment for the villagers in which the skill ofhound dongs is examined. In the fair, a rabbit was brought in the field and was let loose

inform of the dogs, which made the dogs run.

Q.7 What was the special announcement?

Ans. The special announcement was about the horse race. s it is the general feature of a

fair, that’s why most of the people rushed to view their favourite segment of the fair.

Q.8 What kinds of shops had been setup for the fai r?

Ans. Mostly the temporary shops had been set up for the fair. All kinds of goods from



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handkerchiefs to framing tools were available in these shops. They were the specialfaculty for this fair.

Q.9 What was the use of these shops for the vi ll agers?

Ans. The temporary shops set up for the fair provided feasibility to both buyers andseller. People from far off places easily bought essential commodities of life. Where as, it

was a good time for the sellers to avail business opportunity.

Q.10 What were the di ff erent entertainments in the fair for the chi ldr en?

Ans. Thee were different entertainments for the children in the fair. These entertainments

include swings, the monkey man show and the show performed by the circus people.Children enjoyed it a lot.

Sentences

1. Decorated – Our school was beautifully decorated on the occasion of Eid Milad-un-

Nabi.2. Competition – A soldier was badly wounded during the shooting competition.3. Performance – A Major was awarded medal because of his performance during the

war.4. Temporary – Temporary arrangements have been made for the prevention of crimes.

5. Damaged – The car was badly damaged after a small accident.

Grammar

1.Complete the foll owing sentences

1. The drummer who could beat the longest work get a prize.2. The two friends moved towards a crowd which had gathered in a big circle.

3. The food that we ate was delicious.4. The man whom we saw climbing the pole had been walking on the tight rope.5. The rider whose horse had won the race was very happy.

6. I went to the village where my cousin was living.7. I visited him when the village fair was in full swing.

2. Tense Changing into Past.

1. We do our homework .

Ans. We did our homework at night.

2. The pupils wri te a compositi on.

Ans. The pupils wrote a composition in the half-time.

3. My f r iend walks to school.

Ans. My friend walked to school in the morning.



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4. The Headmaster teaches us Engl ish.

Ans. The Headmaster taught us English in the last period.

5. The peon r ings the bell .

Ans. The peon rang the bell at 1'O clock.

6. My mother does not sleep well.

Ans. My mother did not sleep well.

7. His brother loses hi s book.

Ans. His brother lost his book in the assembly.

8. The eagle f li es very high.

Ans. The eagle flew very high in the sky.

9. The cobbler sits under a tree.

Ans. The cobbler sat under a tree at noon.

10. They grow rice on thi s farm.

Ans. They grow rice on this farm in the winter season.

3. Degrees of Adjectives

1. old – older- oldest

2. young – younger- youngest3. great – greater – greatest

4. big – bigger – biggest5. far – more far – most far 6. famous – more famous – most famous

7. beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful8. popular – more popular – most popular

9. intelligent – more intelligent – most intelligent10. delicious – more delicious – most delicious

4. Forms of Verbs

1. know – knew – known

2. heat – heated – heated3. learn – learnt – learnt

4. sing – sang – snag5. read – read – read6. listen – listened – listened

7. go – went – gone8. write – wrote – written

9. make – made – made



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10. wear – wore – worn11. live – lived – lived

Composition

1. A Vil lage Fair

Last month, we visited a village fair. The fair was representing the festive mood of the

rusic people. The village was specially decorated with colourful buntings and flags andwas crowded with a lrge number of people. Many temporary shops had been set up which

were the special faculty for the fair. These shops were providing feasibility for thevisitors as well as for the shopkeepers. There was a lot of entertainment for different age

groups especially children like swings, monkey man show, drum beating competition,horse race etc. The circus people were also presenting their funny and amazing tricks to

fascinate people. Tent – pegging and the dog race were two very popular games of thefair. In tent-pegging the training and skill to horse and the rider is examined skill of dogsis examined through the dog race. We were very enchanted to see the beautiful sights of

the fair.

2. Tent-Pegging

Tent-pegging is one of the most popular and famous sport of Pakistan. It is an importantheritage of our culture. In this game wooden pegs are fixed in the ground. The riders have

to pull these pegs out of the ground with the help of their spear, as they ride by at agallop. Tent-pegging is a exhibit of skill in which the training invested on the horse and

the skill of trainee and the rider is tested. It is great game of joy in addition to practiceand skill.



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Shopping

CHAPTER – 14


Q.1 Why did mother ask Najma and Ajmal to go with her for shopping? Ans. Mother asked Najma and Ajmal to go with her for shopping because their father was

not at home. He was on tour and in his absence the mother had to do shopping. Moreover,

they also have run out of groceries and provisions.

Q.2 How much fare did the taxi dri ver demanded?

Ans. Mother hired a taxi to reach the market and asked the driver about the fare. The taxidriver demanded twenty rupees before hand s the meter was out of order.

Q.3 What did mother tell the taxi -dri ver? Ans. The mother was shocked by the demand of taxi driver because the fare was too

much as the distance was hardly a kilometer. She further threatened that she would takehim to traffic constable if he insisted on charging 20 rupees

Q.4 Where did mother and chi ldr en go fi rst for shopping? Ans. Mother and children firstly went to the mutton market. Najma and Ajmal wereastonished to see the Halal animals hanging in the market.

Q.5 What is the dif ference between beef and mutton?

Ans. The meat of cows, calves and buffaloes is called beef. Whereas mutton is the fleshof goats and sheep.

Q.6 What did mother buy at the butcher ’ s shop?

Ans. Firstly mother bargained with the butcher and settled the price at ninety rupees akilo according to the price-list. Then she demands one kilo of leg and one kilo minced

meat.

Q.7 Where did mother go after making purchases at the butcher? Ans. After making purchases at the butcher’s mother headed towards the vegetables and

fruit. She wanted to buy fresh and tasty vegetables for the incoming month.

Q.8 How did the mother buy bananas and apples? Ans. Monthly firstly inquired the fruit sever about the price. Then she bought ten bananasat a rte of fifteen rupees and one kg apples at a cost of twenty rupees.



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Q.9 What did mother buy last of al l? Ans. After making all purchases mother went to a poultry shop. She bought eggs and one

kilo of dressed chicken at a rate of twenty and ninety rupees respectively.

Q.10 How far i s the market f rom the house of Najma and Ajmal?

Ans. The market was not so far from the house of Najma and Ajmal. It was about a

distance of one thousands metres.

Q.11 What did mother ask the children to do when they reached back home? Ans. When they had reached back home, mother asked Ajmal to polish his own and

Najma’s shoes. She order ordered Najma to iron the clothes.

Q.12 When do we use Metre, Ki lometre, Kil o and Litr e? Ans. These are all measuring units of different quantities. Metre is used for measuring

Length, Kilometre for distance, Kilo for weightsand Litre to measure liquids except withthose of high viscosity.

Q.13 Give the reason why polythene bags are not being used all over the wor ld? or

What i s / are the harmfu l ef fects of polythene bags? Ans. Polythene bags are not being used all over the world because they are major sourceof water pollution. They lock the severage pipes and when the drains are chocked, the

dirty water spills all over. There is no suitable way of disposing these bags.

Q.14 How can we cal l the mother a vigil ant customer? or How did mother bargain forthe pri ce at the butcher’ s shop?

Ans. We can call the mother a vigilant customer because before buying anything sheseemed to be very conscious the price and quality of goods. At the butcher’s shop, shefirstly inquired about the price. When she knew the price, she insisted on charging less

rupees because the prices were exceeding the price list. The butcher started telling stories but finally he agreed on the low rate which shows the vigilance of mother.

Q.15 Why were Najma and Ajmal excited? Ans. Najma and Ajmal were excited because the first time they were going for shopping.The idea of learning new and interesting things was making them excited.

‘Q.16 Why did Taxi dri ver demand 20 rupees for fare?

Ans. Taxi driver demanded 20 rupees for the fare because he wanted to make moremoney than the fare. As the meter of taxi was also our of order, so taking the advantage

of this situation he wanted to charge 20 rupees.

Sentences

1. Beef: Beef is the flesh of cows, calves and buffaloes.2. Calves: Calve beef is more tasty than cows and buffaloes.

3. Carton: This carton of soap contains 100 cakes of soap.4. Cabbage: We grow fresh cabbages in the garden.



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5. Hire: Aslam hired a taxi to reach the station.6. Spices: Spices add delicious taste to the food.

7. Meter: We should not harm our gas and electric meter.8. Unit: The unit of time in M.K.’s system is second.

9. Provisions: We buy provisions every month from the Sunday Bazar.10. Mutton: Mutton is the flesh of goats and sheep.

Synonyms

1. Frightened – Afraid

2. Hail – Greet3. Buy – Purchase4. Carton – Box

5. Provisions – Supplies6. Pointing – Hinting

7. Threaten – Warn

Opposites

1. Swim – Drown2. Alive – Dead

3. Float – Sink 4. Front – Rear 5. Start – Stop

6. Boil – Freeze

7. Part – Whole8. Buy – Sell9. Agree – Differ

10. Reject – Accept

Grammar

1. Complete with K il ogram, L itr e, Metres and Ki lometres

1. My house is three kilometre from the railway.2. This jar contains one kilogram of honey.

3. He measured out ten metres of rope.4. The price of kerosene oil is five rupees a l i tre .

5. Sugar – cane is usually two to three metres long.6. The speed of this aeroplane is seven hundreds kilometres and hour.7. This car does twelve kilometres to a litre of petrol.

2.Complete with the fol lowing

out of order, out of date, enforce, in order, up-to-date, to date1. The old system of weights and measures is no longer enforce .



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2. You must revise your book and bring to up-to-date .3. The Shopkeeper told him that their weighing machine was out of order .

4. I have received no letter from him to-date .5. This rule is enforce , we must follow it.

6. That book was published ten years ago, it is completely out of date .

3. Complete with the fol lowing

with cake, bar, jar, packet, carton, bag, roll1. A carton of soap contains 144 soap cakes.

2. Please bring a jar of Swat honey for me.3. What is the price of one bag of flour?4. The price of a cake of soap has increased by one rupee.

5. The shopkeeper charged me ninety rupees for this roll of cloth.6. This chocolate is cheap at three rupees a bar .

7. This packet contains 25 biscuits.

4. Prepositi ons

1. The driver brought the taxi to a sudden halt.2. He took off his old coat and put on the new one.

3. Please turn off the radio and turn on the T.V.4. Before leaving the kitchen she put off the fire.5. She turned out the cat and shut the door.

6. My friend turned up late from the cinema.

7. The watchman turned out to be thief.8. The plane took off at 10'O Clock.

5. Change in to Active Voice

1. He was robbed and beaten by some unknown persons.

Ans. Some unknown persons robbed and beat him.

2. The field was ploughed, the seed was sown and the crop was harvested by the farmer

himself.Ans. The farmer himself ploughed the field, sowed the seed nd harvested the crop.

6. Change into Passive Voice

1. She brushed, cleaned and ironed her coat.Ans. The coat was brushed, cleaned and ironed by her.

2. I brought thi s news to him.

Ans. That news was brought to him by me.

Composition



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You go shopping to buy a cloth for your School uniform Write a dialogue with the shopkeeper.

Me: “Hello sir, may I have a cloth for the school uniform?”

Shopkeeper: “Sure, wait a second.”

Me: “Is this purely cotton?”Shopkeeper: “No, it is paper cotton. But assure you that it will last longer?”

Me: “Ok! But how can you say that the colour of trouser will not fade?”

Shopkeeper:It is my guarantee that the colour will not fade otherwise you can have yourmoney back.”

Me: “Alright, how much it costs?”

Shopkeeper: “First tell me how much do you want?”

Me: “I need about 6 meters of the cloth.”Shopkeeper: “Actually, the real price is 200 rupees but as you are our regular customer,

you can have it at a cost of 18 rupees.”

Me: “It’s too expensive. Can’t you be more flexible?”Shopkeeper: “No my son, because if I do so I will deprived of my profit.”

Me: “Ok, take these 180 rupees and pack the cloth.”

Shopkeeper: “No problem.”

Idioms

1. To have the lion ’ s share: To take the biggest share of something.Example: Divide the cake into equal slices and don’t have the lion’s share for yourself.

Sentence: Divide the profit share equally and don’t have the lion’s share.

2. To same something for r ainy day: To keep for some future security.Example: He wanted all his savings and has save nothing for a rainy day.Sentence: He lost all his money in gamble and didn’t save anything for a rainy day.

3. To cry over spilt mil k: To grieve over something uselessly.Example: The damage has been done, but instead of crying over spilt milk, do somethingto repair.

Sentence: It is useless crying over spilt milk.

4. I ts high time: The moment has already come.Example: The exams begin next month as its high time by now.

Sentence: The cricket match will start in twenty minutes so it’s high time we shouldleave for the stadium.



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Speak Gently

CHAPTER – 13

Central Idea

ReferenceThe writer of this poem is anonymous. But the tone of the poetry represents the peome is

a part of Moorish poetry.

Central IdeaSpeaking gently to everyone is a good trait in our character. By being gentle we are likely

to loose nothing and gain much in terms of friendship. Good will and even materialrewards. It places our character and personality in a very good light and creates aneverlasting impression in the minds of others.

Theme

“Kindness is more important than wisdom and recognition of it is the beginning ofwisdom.”

Summary

This Moorish poem is written by an anonymous poet. This poem emphasis upon speaking

gently.By speaking gently we can attain the spiritual power of rule. Treating someone harshly is

a kind of moral sin which can devastate our good deeds.Speak gently is the best way to train a child and win over his love and trust. If you don’t

adopt the mild attitude your teachings will not persist for a prolong period.Our attitude should be soft to the aged and old people in order to create such an

atmosphere in which they can pass their remaining days peacefully.Speak mildly does not cause and burden to you. These soft words create a forever

impression on the other’s hearts. The reward of adopting this habit is that in this mortalworld is the good deeds and the everlasting pleasure. It also brings reward in the eternallife.


Q.1 What is the resul t of adopting harsh atti tude?

Ans. To speak harshly is a kind of ethical and social sin which can devastate our gooddeeds we should produce mildness in our character. This is the only way through which

we can provide security to our good deeds which we have done in this mortal world.



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Q.2 What resemblance does he find between hearts and the deep well?

Ans. The poet finds resemblance between and deep well because like deep well we

cannot assume what is deeply within human heart. One thing is sure that the soft wordsgo deeply in the heart and we cannot assume these words out of the hearts.



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That Rules The World

CHAPTER – 15

Central Idea

ReferenceThis poem is written by William Ross Wallace, (1819-1881). He was born in Dexington,

Kentucky. HiBs first poem appeared in 1837. He was lawyer by profession, but spent

more time on literature. He composed patriotic songs during the civil wr which became popular. He possessed a splendid imagination as well as poetic diction.

Central IdeaThe Central idea of this poem is that the first, noblest and most sacred mission of themother is to bring up children. Mothers are the real builders of our nation, in the sense

that the character of a children made or marred by the mother. It is said that:“Educate women or mothers and the Nation will take charge of itself.”

Theme

A French idealogist Charles force said:

“One could judge the degree of civilization of a country by the social and political possession of its mother.”

Summary

This poem is written by famous American poet William Ross Wallace.The poet is paying his homage to the mothers because of their holy and sacred task. The

mothers bless the palace, cottage and poorman’s equally and make them colourful.Mother’s carry out a great sacred responsibility of bringing up the children. In this world,

which is full of evils and vices, a mother is a mark of guidance and protection.Mothers are the actual trainee of the children. Her affection enables the children to

recognize divinity and obey command of Allah. A child’s character depends directlyupon the mothers.Behind every success of accomplishment of the great people is the hand of their mother.

Due to the caring guidance which is given in a dedicated and caring manner, a mothercan mold the character of a child in good shape.

Mother’s words are so sanctimonious that they are sure to accepted because they arestrengthened by the worship of angles. So it is true that a mother’s hand that brings up achild is the same that governs every sphere of life.




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Q.1 Why does the poet compare mother ’ s hands to a rainbow? Ans. The poet find resemblance between the mother’s hands and a rainbow because

“rainbow” is symbol of peace, pleasure and happiness. It indicates that the storm has passed and difficulties have gone. Similarly a mother is a symbol of pity and pleasure

who creates a peaceful and coming atmosphere for the whole family.

Q.2 What i s guided by angles and how? Ans. The chestity and grace of mothers is guided by angles. No one can destroy the spirit

of the true mothers because it is protected by the holy angles. They bring divine blessingsto the mothers which help the mothers to struggle with the tediums of life.

Q.3 Explain how the poet gives the credi t for all great achievements of people to their

mothers? Ans. The poet gives the credit for all great accomplishment of people to their mothers because all the great personalities are prominent in the world due to the careful bringing

up to their mothers. It’s only the result of mother’s caring guidance and training that theworld is passing with the periods of humanstary and great successes.

Q.4 Describe the role of a mother?

Ans. The role of a mother is to bring up and train the children. Mother is an actualguiding force for the children because due to her training a child can instigate a highmoral character. Mother also infest in the children the spirit to know the difference

between good and evil. A child is virtuous or his bad character depends upon theguidance of mother.

Q.5 Why does the poet compare inf ancy (chil dhood) with the tender fountain? Ans. The poet compares infancy (childhood) with the tender fountain because childhoodis just like a sophisticated and delicated fountain which can be led to any stage of life i.e.

good or bad. It is only a mother who can guide a very young soil to his destinationsuccess it or failure.

Q.6 What does it mean by “Sunshine streamed or evil hur led.”

Ans. Sunshine is a symbol of goodness and virtue. This phrase means that the structure ofa man’s character depends mainly upon the mother’s. If the training of mother is goo itmean that she has infested a high moral character in her children. But if the guidance is

not good and child’s character will prevail by evilness.

Q.7 Why does the poet say that the prayers of mothers on earth mingles wi th that said

in heaven? Ans. The poet says so because the prayers of a mothers are so sacred and holy that theyare accompanied by the holy prayers of angle. So that, these prayers are enforced and

strengthened. The words of mother keep a sanctimonious status to God, which cannot beneglected because they are also strengthened by the worship of angles.

Q.8 Describe the poetic diction of Wil li am Ross Wallace?

Ans.William Rose Wallace composed patriotic songs during the civil war which became



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popular. He was a friend of Edgar Allen Roe whom he resembled both in temperamentand habits. He possessed a splendid imagination as well as poetic diction.

Q.9 How can the mother keep the young heart open and for what? Ans. Mother has a very divine task to complete which starts right from the beginning ofthe child’s life and continues till the end. She keeps the young heart open in such a way

that the child can understand and accept the divine commands of Allah.



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An African Village

CHAPTER – 16


Q.1 How many independent countri es are there in Afr ica and where is Nigeria? Ans. Africa is the second largest continent which consists of more than twenty five

independent countries. Nigeria is one of the largest countries of Africa. It is in West

Africa.

Q.2 What i s the bush ar ea made up of and where do most Nigeria farmers li ve?

Ans. The bush area is consisted of scattered trees with heavy undergrowth in the form ofthick bush and grass. Most of the Nigerian farmers live in the villages and farmsettlements in the bush area. They construct huts and live in those huts.

Q.3 What is the centr e of activi ties? Ans. The main centre of activities is the courtyard of house. Women cook food and workover there and children play there. They only use rooms for resting purposes.

Q.4 What are their food crops and cash crops? Ans. The crop, which is edible and we use as food are called food crops. The main foodcrops of Nigeria are plantains, potatoes, yarns, ground nuts and pepper. The crop which is

sold to other countries are called cash crops and the Nigeria’s cash crops include palm oiland cocoa.

Q.5 Who tends the food crops and the cash crops?

Ans. Food crops are usually tended by the women. Whereas, the cash crops are tended bymen.

Q.6 What i s made from cocoa beans and yield from palm trees?

Ans. From the fruit of cocoa tree, yield beans which are grounded into powder whichforms chocolate. From the palm trees, palm oil is yield. When the oil from the trees is passed through the chemical processors, the palm oil is obtained in pure form.

Q.7 Why was continent A fr ica call ed “Dark Continent” once? Ans. Continent Africa was called “Dark Continent” once because the habitats andcivilizations of the people of this continent was not known to the world. Due to their

backward living styles and old fashioned traits, this continent seems to be the dull part ofthis world.



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Q.8 Give a brief account of Niger ia? Ans. Nigeria is situated in West Africa and is one of the largest countries of Africa.

Nigeria is basically an agricultural country. It is also a thickly populated country whichcomprises majority of farmers. A great part of Nigeria is covered with a dense forest.

Q.9 How is the li fe of Niger ian farmer dif fer fr om Pakistani farmer?

Ans. The life of Nigerian farmer differ from Pakistani farmer in many ways. Theiragricultural style is quite different from our’s. They are not in the favour of keeping

cattles because of the disease which unables them to use cattles in farming. Their dailyroutine of life also differs from Pakistani farmer.

Q.10 Describe the changes that are coming or li kely to come soon in the lif e of the

bush dwell ers in Ni ger ia.Ans. Many favourable changes are coming in the life of bush dwellers, which include theavailability of transport and communication, health and education, food and water etc.

Soon their life style will more develope because many more modern facilities are makingtheir way in these villages.

Q.11 Describe the lif e of a Niger ian farmer and hi s wi fe?

Ans. The life a Nigerian villager is a model of hard work. From the rising of sun to thedark, they work in the fields and houses. Farmer usually does all the work related toagriculture and women do the household jobs including looking after the food crops.

Q.12 Describe the bui lding style of Nigerian farm.Ans. The building style of Nigerian farms consists of three styles. First style is a single

roomed and simple but which is made from thick branches of trees. Other style is thecone shaped huts made from straw and whose roof is thatched grass, needs or palm trees.Last style is the two or three roomed huts made of wood or are plastered with mud.

Q.13 Why can Nigeri an farmer not rear cattle?

Ans. Nigerian farmers are not interested in rearing cattles because of the major hazardsfor the cattles. Tse-Tse fly is the sign of dangers for them. On the other hand, it is also

dangerous for human beings because it causes unconsciousness state which most of thetime ends in death.

Sentences

1. Century: Computer is the most amazing invention of this century.

2. Cultivate: Modern methods of agriculture are being used to cultivate the fields.3. Dense: Amazon forest is mainly covered with dense vegetation.4. Export : Rice is the major export of Pakistan.

5. Scatter:The shelling of the police scatter the crowd.6. Thi ngs out: The market is thickly, crowded at the beginning but it things out at the

end.

Idioms



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1. To shed crocodil e tears: to weep insincerely, or hypocritically Example: They were not all sorry when he died. They just sheded crocodile tears.

Sentence: From the attitude of UN towards Kashmir issue, it seems that it is just sheddingcrocodile tears.

2. T

english class 10 notes (iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com)

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