English Civil War

I. Opposition to the Crown:

A.King & Parliament

1. Elizabeth dies and her cousin, James I, King of Scotland becomes king

2. James believed in Divine Right. This made Parliament angry.

3. James needed money constantly. If Parliament didn’t give it to him, he sold titles of nobility

I. Opposition to the Crown:

B. Religion and the Monarchy

1. Most English belonged to the Church of England.

2. Some, like Puritans, disagreed with Catholic rituals in COE.

3. James ignored their wishes

4. 1611 – King James Bible – best known English version of the Bible.

II. Charles Inherits the Throne

A. Like father, like son

1. James I dies in 1625, his son, Charles I, inherits the throne.

2. Also inherits religious & political difficulties.

3. Parliament would not give him enough money, so he dissolved Parliament.

II. Charles Inherits the Throne

A. Like father, like son

4. Charles forced landowners to give “loans”. They were put in jail for refusing.

5. He demanded people lodge soldiers in their homes for free.

II. Charles Inherits the Throne

B. Recalled Parliament in 16281. To get money for his war, he had to sign the Petition of Right2. POR limited King’s power:

a. No taxes or loans w/o consent of Parliamentb. Could not imprison w/o just cause.c. No troops in homes w/o consent of owner.d. Could not declare martial law unless at

war.3. After a year, he dissolved Parl., ignored the POR and ruled without them for 11 years.

II. Charles Inherits the Throne

C. Religion

1. Persecuted Puritans, many of them leave for North America.

2. Tried to force Scotland to accept COE, but Scotland refuses.

III. Beginnings of the Civil War

A. War1. 1640 – Scotland invades England.2. Charles I had to recall Parliament. This lasted for three weeks.3. So desperate for money, he had to recall Parliament again.4. Parliament is so angry they pass more reforms on Charles

III. Beginnings of the Civil War

A. War5. Charles I now had trouble in Ireland & Scotland.6. Two groups evolved in Parliament:

a. Royalists – supported the king

b. Puritans – supported Parliament

IV. English Civil War

A. Cavaliers v. Roundheads

1. Cavaliers: those who supported Charles I. Mainly nobles and landowners.

2. Roundheads: supported Parliament & Puritans.

3. Oliver Cromwell led the Roundheads.

4. 1646 – Cavaliers surrender

5. 1647 – Charles I surrendered. He was executed in 1649.

V. A New Government

A. Commonwealth1. After the death of Charles I, a commonwealth was established. This is a state ruled by an elected representative.2. Oliver Cromwell ruled England as a military dictator.3. Set up a strict Puritan society.

a. No drinkingb. No swearingc. No gambling

VI. Glorious Revolution

A. James II, had a daughter, Mary, from his 1st marriage

B. Mary was married to William of Orange (Protestant)

C. Parliament invites William & Mary to overthrow James II

D. Nov. 1688, William invades England. No bloodshed.

E. James II flees to France.

VII. English won a Bill of Rights

A.William & Mary rule as joint sovereigns.

B. They agree to recognize Parliament as a partner in ruling England.

C.1689 – Parliament drafts a Bill of Rights. This listed things that a ruler could not do.