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Slide 2 English 7 Parts of Speech Review Slide 3 Parts of Speech Quick Review Nouns Pron ouns Adjectives Adverbs Conjunctions Preposition s Verb s Interjections Slide 4 Word that names A Person b An b An Idea b A b A Thing Place Slide 5 Kinds of Nouns CONCRETE NOUNS are nouns that you can see, hear, touch, smell, or taste. ABSTRACT NOUNS are nouns that you cannot see, hear, touch, smell, or taste. They are ideas, qualities, and feelings that cannot be seen or touched. A COMMON NOUN names a general person, place, thing, or idea. It does not refer to something specific. A PROPER NOUN names a specific person, place, thing, or idea. It refers to a NAME of a noun. Slide 6 A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement Action Linking be verbs & taste feel sound look appear become seem grow remain stay predicate Slide 7 Every sentence must have Every sentence must have a a Slide 8 Kinds of Verbs Action verbs express mental or physical action. Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it. He rode the horse to victory. He has been sick. Slide 9 The pronoun is a word used to replace one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. The pronoun is a word used to replace one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. Personal Pronouns I, me, my, mine you, your, yours she, her, hers, it, its we, us, our, ours they, them, their, theirs myself yourself Slide 10 Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Is that a wool sweater? Just give me five minutes. Did you lose your address book? Answers these questions: Slide 11 Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Answers the questions: How? He ran quickly. She left yesterday. When? We went there. Where? It was too hot! To what degree or how much? Slide 12 What is a preposition? A preposition is one of the eight parts of speech. It shows the relationship between a noun/pronoun and another word in the sentence. Prepositions are usually short words, but some prepositions have a couple words in them. There are over 60 common prepositions. You will need to familiarize yourself with all of them. Slide 13 Some Common Prepositions aboard about above across after against along among around at before behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during except for from in into like of off on over past since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without Slide 14 Lets Practice.. {See packet} Slide 15 What follows the preposition? The noun(s) or pronoun(s) that follow(s) the preposition is/are called the object(s) of the preposition. Usually there is an article or other adjective that comes before the object. For example, find the preposition in this sentence. The dog is chewing on his bone. Now find the object of the preposition. Slide 16 What is a prepositional phrase? Prepositional Phrases: includes a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object. There will never be a VERB in a prepositional phrase. Preposition : Use list as a reminder Modifiers : Usually adjectives; they describe or explain the object. Object of Preposition : Always a noun or pronoun Slide 17 The dog is chewing on his bone and collar. The dog is chewing (on his bone and collar). The preposition ON is showing the relationship between the noun DOG and the object BONE. There can be more than one object of a preposition. For example, what is the prepositional phrase in this sentence? The children are inside the classroom. Slide 18 The preposition never stands alone ! preposition noun pronoun object of preposition object It happened ( during [the last] examination ). MODIFIERS Slide 19 EXAMPLES : Lets sit under the umbrella. [prep] [mod.] [object of prep.] We are among good friends. [prep] [mod.] [object of prep.] We must do it for ourselves. [prep] [object of prep.] Slide 20 Where are prepositional phrases located? A prepositional phrase does not have to end a sentence. You can also begin a sentence with a prepositional phrase, or you can put the prepositional phrase in the middle of the sentence. You will find a casserole in the refrigerator. In the refrigerator you will find a casserole. You will find in the refrigerator a casserole. Slide 21 Where do the commas go? SSometimes when the prepositional phrase is in the beginning or middle of the sentence, a comma or commas is/are needed. FFor example, why do you need commas in the following sentence? IIn the cupboard, plates and bowls are located. IIf there is confusion about the meaning of the sentence, use a comma with your prepositional phrase. Slide 22 Can a pronoun be the object of the preposition as well? OObjects of prepositions are sometimes pronouns. SSince the subject of a sentence will NEVER be within a prepositional phrase, subject pronouns cant be used as objects. DDo NOT use I, she, he, we, they. OObject pronouns must be used. DDo use me, him, her, us, them. FFor example, which pronouns should you use in this sentence? HHow will she choose between we/us and they/them? Slide 23 May I end a sentence with a preposition? NO! A preposition MUST have an object, so if you are using correct grammar, your sentences will never end with a preposition. For example, how can you correct these sentences? Where is the party at? [tonight] Who is the letter going to? [Barbara] Slide 24 What if I must end a sentence with a preposition? If you are having trouble rewording the sentence, there is a chance that your preposition is actually an adverb. Yes, some words can be multiple parts of speech! For example, what parts of speech are INSIDE and OFF? The children are playing inside. Turn the lights off. Slide 25 How to Identify the Prepositional Phrase Use your list to identify the PREPOSITION REMEMBER: The preposition STARTS the prepositional phrase. Look for the object (always a noun or a pronoun) Be sure to ask yourself: Is this noun or pronoun describing anything else? REMEMBER: The object ENDS the prepositional phrase. Look for any modifiers. Modifiers are sandwiched between the PREPOSITION and the OBJECT of the preposition. Modifiers EXPLAIN, MODIFY or DESCRIBE the object. Slide 26 Sample : She met us ( at [the] beach) ( before daylight.) (prep.) (modifier) (obj.) (prep.) (obj.) Slide 27 1. Upon my arrival, I was whisked into a secret chamber. 1. (Upon [my] arrival), I was whisked (into [a secret] chamber). {prep}[modifier]{object} {prep} {modifiers} {object} 2. I can't complete the report without the information. 2. I can't complete the report (without [the] information). {prep} [modifier] {object} 3. Who says you can go around the world in eighty days? 3. Who says you can go (around [the] world) (in eighty days)? { prep}[modifier]object} {prep}[modifier]{object} 4. Come into the garden with me. 4. Come (into the garden) (with me). {prep}[modifier]{object} {prep}{object} Slide 31 Are you ready for the Preposition Hunt? Number your paper 1-18 and skip lines. Find the prepositions located on Post-Its throughout the room. Write a sentence with each preposition on each Post-It. The preposition should show a relationship between objects that are located near the Post-It. Slide 32 PREPOSITION HUNT Every preposition is numbered. Write the sentences next to the correct numbers. When you finish, identify the prepositional phrase with (parenthesis.) Label each part: Preposition Modifiers Object of the preposition For example, you could write the following for the preposition by. The printer is BY the COMPUTER. Slide 33 Sample Sentences 1.The garbage can is below the bulletin board. 2. The cardinal is on the radio. 3. The tissue box is between the house and the candle. 4. The plant is under the butterfrog. 5. The crucifix is above the light switch. 6. The chair is against the wall. 7. The signatures are around the photographs. Slide 34 PREPOSITION HUNT 8. The feathers are behind the plant. 9. The speaker is beside the SmartBoard. 10. The marker is by the eraser. 11. The books are in the basket. 12. The pens are with pencils. 13. The classmates are near each other. Slide 35 PREPOSITION HUNT 14. The Post-It is hanging off the pinecone. 15. The tissues are within the box. 16. The dog house is without a dog. 17. The journals are located past the labels. 18. The coat is hanging over the chair.