English 11

November 20, 2013

Agenda - 11/22/2013 • Collect Final Scarlet Letter Essay • Revolutionary Literature

– Introduction and Guided Notes – “What is an American?” by Jean de Crevecoeur – Journal

• Persuasive Communication – Ethos, Pathos, Logos & Literary Devices – Patrick Henry’s “Give me liberty or give me death”

• Background • Worksheet

• HOMEWORK: Patrick Henry/Lit Term Quiz on 11/22 (next time).

• Big Question Artifact #2 due next time!

Reason and Revolution

The Age of Reason and

The American Revolution

The American Revolution

• 1775-1783 • American colonists revolt

against unfair taxation and laws and break from British rule

• When America breaks from British rule, authors no longer have publishers, audience, or legal protection and suffered during the first stages of rebuilding.

The American Revolution Cont...

• Patrick Henry, the most famous orator (speaker) of the American Revolution, delivered a fiery speech to convince delegates of the need for armed resistance.

• “Speech in the Virginia Convention” led to The Declaration of Independence” and life and freedoms as we know it today.

The Political Pamphlet

• The most common and popular type of literature

• Over 2,000 pamphlets were published during the Revolution

• The most famous one was Thomas Paine’s Common Sense that sold over 100,000 copies in its first 3 months of publication.

Powerful Persuasion

• Most literature was persuasive trying to get people to understand – The wrongdoings of the British Government – The politicians stands before elections – The status of the war – How America was to rebuild after the Revolution

Important Revolutionary Literature

• The most important pieces of literature: – “Speech in the Virginia

Convention” by Patrick Henry

– “The Declaration of Independence” drafted by Thomas Jefferson

– “What is an American” by Michael-Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur

What is an American? • One of the major hurdles after the Revolutionary War

was trying to find an identity and defining what the term “American” means.

• We will read a section of “What is an American?” by Jean de Crevecoeur

• You will also write your own definition about your idea of what the term “American” means to you in your journal.

Writing Prompt – What is an American? - 11/22/2013

• What does it mean to be an American? What does the term American mean to you?

Persuasive Communication

• 3 ways to persuade or appeal to your audience: – Logos – logic and reasoning – Ethos – character, higher authority, ethics – Pathos – Emotions

Persuasive Communication • Logos:

– Theories / scientific facts – Indicated meanings or reasons (because…) – Literal or historical analogies – Definitions – Factual data & statistics – Quotations – Citations from experts & authorities – Informed opinions – Examples (real life examples)

Persuasive Communication

• Ethos: – Author’s profession / background – Appearing sincere, fair minded, knowledgeable – Conceding to opposition where appropriate – Morally / ethically likeable – Appropriate language for audience and subject

• Appropriate vocabulary • Correct grammar • Professional format

Persuasive Communication

• Pathos: – Emotionally loaded language – Vivid descriptions – Emotional examples – Anecdotes, testimonies, or narratives about

emotional experiences or events – Figurative language – Emotional tone (humor, sarcasm, disappointment,

excitement, etc.)

Metaphor • a direct comparison of two unlike things • a type of figurative language in which a

statement is made that says that one thing is something else but, literally, it is not.

• EXAMPLE: It’s raining cats and dogs outside.

Simile • a comparison of two things using like or as • a type of figurative language, language that

does not mean exactly what it says, that makes a comparison between two otherwise unalike objects or ideas by connecting them with the words "like" or "as.“

• EXAMPLE: Common contemporary similes are “running like a bat out of hell” and “working nonstop as if possessed.” Perhaps the best known simile in English poetry is Robert Burns’s line: – “My love is like a red, red rose.”

Allusion • a reference in a literary work to a person, place, or

thing in history or another work of literature. Allusions are often indirect or brief references to well-known characters or events. They are used to summarize broad, complex ideas or emotions in one quick, powerful image.

• EXAMPLE: Describing someone as a "Romeo" makes an allusion to the famous young lover in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare.

Analogy • a similarity between like features of two things on

which comparison may be based • In argumentation and persuasion, analogy is

often used as a form of reasoning in which one thing is compared to or contrasted with another in certain respects, based on the known similarity or dissimilarity in other respects. An analogy is often used to paint vivid word pictures.

• EXAMPLE: I feel like a fish out of water. This implies that you are not comfortable in your surroundings.

Archetype • a symbol, usually an image, which recurs often

enough in literature to be recognizable as an element of one's literary experience as a whole.

• EXAMPLES: – The hero - The courageous figure, the one who's always running in and

saving the day. Example: Dartagnon from The Three Musketeers – The outcast – A person that has been cast out of society or has left it

on a voluntary basis. Example: Piggy from The Lord of the Flies – The scapegoat - The scapegoat is the one who gets blamed for

everything, regardless of whether he or she is actually at fault. Example: Snowball from Animal Farm

Hyperbole • an extravagant exaggeration. • a figure of speech that is a grossly

exaggerated description or statement. In literature, such exaggeration is used for emphasis or vivid descriptions.

• EXAMPLE: I had so much homework, I needed a pickup truck to carry all my books home!

Repetition • a technique in which a sound, word, phrase, or

line is repeated for effect or emphasis.

• Example: “The Raven” – “Quoth the Raven, ‘Nevermore.’” OR “Penny, Penny, Penny”

Parallelism • the use of similar grammatical constructions

to express ideas that are related or equal in importance.

• EXAMPLE: – The sun rises. – The sun sets.

Rhetorical Question • one asked solely to produce an effect or to

make a statement, but not expected to receive an answer. The purpose to such a question, whose answer is obvious, is usually to make a deeper impression upon the hearer or reader than a direct statement would.

• EXAMPLE: “How stupid do you think I am?”

Denotation/Connotation • Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the

"dictionary definition."¨ For example, if you look up the word snake in a dictionary, you will discover that one of its denotative meanings is "any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles having a long, tapering, cylindrical body and found in most tropical and temperate regions."

• Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. The connotative meanings of a word exist together with the denotative meanings. The connotations for the word snake could include evil or danger.

Patrick Henry “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death”

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvJrSdr34co&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active