England from 1603-1688 James I 1603-1625 Charles I 1625-1649 Civil War 1642-1649 Oliver Cromwell 1649-1658 Richard Cromwell 1658-1660 Charles II 1660-1685 James II 1685- 1688 William & Mary 1689

James I 1603-1625

Also James VI of Scotland Divine Right of Kings “King is from God and the Law

is from the King” The True Law of Free

Monarchies Book describing his belief in DRK

James’ ProblemsClashed with Puritans who wished to

“purify” the Anglican ChurchParliament resented James’ Divine

Right philosophyParliament controlled legitimate means

to raise taxes

Charles I 1635-1649

Charles I (1635-1649)Believed in Divine RightStill squabbled with Parliament and

PuritansHad financial problems

Demanded forced loans from his subjects Quartered troops in private homes at

owners expense

Petition of Right 1628Parliament forced Charles I to accept

the “petition of right” before voting him new funds

Petition of right declared illegal: Quartering of troops in private homes Forced loans without consent of parliament Imprisonment without specific charge Declaration of martial law in time of peace

What does Charles do?

Refuses to call Parliament for 11 years! (1629-1640)

Ship Money TaxUses ancient law to tax coastal

townsUses it on inland towns as well

Charles I Religious policies

Forced Puritans to conform to the Church of England

Relaxed restrictions against Roman Catholics 1637 Archbishop of Canterbury, William

Laud, tried to force Anglicanism on Scotland Scotland rebels Charles needs Parliament to raise funds to fight

Parliaments response“The Grand Remonstrance” Parliament refused to raise funds until the

King responded to a list of grievances Charles I dissolves the Parliament after only

three weeks The Short Parliament

Scots attacked Charles inadequate army Charles agreed to pay the Scots to withdraw Calls Parliament again…

The Long Parliament

Long Parliament 1640-1660Parliament forced the King to accept a

whole series of measures to limit his Royal Power

In 1642, King Charles tried to prevent further Parliamentary action by ordering the arrest of five of the leaders of Parliament in opposition to the King

English Civil War (1642-1649)Parliament vs. the King

Two factors led to Parliaments victory over the King: Parliaments alliance with Scotland, John

Pym persuaded Parliament to accept the terms of the Solemn League and Covenant. This agreement committed Parliament to a Presbyterian system of Church government.

The reorganization of the Parliamentary army under Oliver Cromwell-Independent

Oliver Cromwell

Commonwealth 1648-1653Protectorate 1653-1660

Victory over the King – The Interregnum Cromwell’s New Model Army won a decisive

victory over the King at the battle of Naesby 1645.

Parliament changed to just 40 Puritans “Rump Parliament” Executed Charles abolished the Monarchy Ended he House of Lords and the Anglican

Church

Lord Protector (1653-1658) (1649-1650) Cromwell invades Ireland to put

down any Catholic revolts Cromwell ends the Rump Parliament and

rules as a military dictator (1653) Lord Protector of England

Dies in 1658 Son Richard becomes Lord Protector for 9 months Parliament seeks changes

Charles II (1660-1685)The Restoration

“Merry Monarch” put the fun back into England Reopened theatres

Treaty of Dover (1670) Needed money, frustrated with Parliament France agreed to pay 200,000 pounds a year to

Charles II Would ease England into Catholicism Convert to Catholicism himself Stop supporting the Dutch in war

Test Act / Clarendon CodesTried to create religious conformity

Had to take the Eucharist in the Anglican Church

Had to follow the Book of Common PrayerPenalties:

Could not vote Could not hold public office Could not teach in schools

James II (1685 - 1688)

Brother of Charles II Catholic (scared parliament) Believed in D. R. K. Dissolves Parliament Last straw…

Has a son - Catholic heir to the throne

The Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution

Parliament wants change Don’t want another Catholic King

Ask James II daughter to take over Mary and William of Orange

No bloodshed

William and Mary

Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy

Monarchs power was limited by the law All monarchs would rule with Parliament Bill of Rights

Can’t dissolve Parliament Freedom of speech in Parliament No taxing without Parliament

Cabinet Group that works with the ruling monarch and

parliament CABAL

Who’s Got Next?Act of Settlement 1701

Determine the line of succession Could NEVER be a Catholic Mary died without child Went to the grandson of James I

Hanoverian German Georges’