engl3 stress
TRANSCRIPT
ENGL3 - Oral
Communication
Prepared by:Mr. Rodel Bryan C. Valdez
photographphotographer photographic
How do you utter these words?
Word No. of Syllables
Location of Stress
Photograph 3 1st syllable
Photographer
4 2nd syllable
Photographic
4 3rd syllable
They do not sound the same!
It is the relative force or prominence given to a syllable or a word.
We have three levels of stress:a. strong / ‘ /;b. medium /^/; andc. weak / ˘/.
What is WORD STRESS?
make the word difficult to understand; and
change the meaning or grammatical category of a word.
Mistakes in stress can…
There are two basic things to keep in mind that will help you determine how to stress a word:
One word has only one stress. We can only stress vowels, not consonants.
/ ‘ /
Basics of Word Stress
1. Use high pitch2. Speak with loud voice3. Make the sound long
How to Pronounce Syllable with Strong Stress
wheelbarrow
1st Syllable
2nd Syllable
3rd Syllable
High Pitch
wheel
bar row
Loud Voice
WHEEL bar row
Long Sound
wheeeel bar row
Combination of the Three
WHEEEL bar row
Let’s Try It!
teacher
biceps
Rules in English Word Stress
One-syllable words (monosyllables) like do, has, and bay are stressed in isolation. In context, they blend with the nearest word, and lose a part of their original sound. There are also reduced to a different form. ◦ Example:
deal centeast sailsun get
sail tame
A. Monosyllabic Words
Most two-syllable words are stressed on the first syllable (e.g. heaven, builder, purchase).
◦ Other examples are: notice urchin titan vivid
B. Multi-syllable Words
Most two-syllable nouns are stressed on the first syllable.◦ Examples:
present table
Most two-syllable adjectives are stressed on the first syllable◦ Examples:
slender clever
Most two-syllable verbs are stressed on the second syllable.◦ Examples
decide begin
Here’s more!
Many words which may be used as nouns or verbs carry the primary stress on the first syllable for nouns, and on the second syllable for verbs.
A. Noun-Verb Shifts
Let’s Try◦ The hapless pervert might pervert some truths in
the cross examination.◦ You can extract vanilla, an aromatic extract, from
a certain tropical orchid.◦ Girls should converse in soft voices.◦ They had to process their travel papers but in the
process some documents got lost.
Numbers ending in –teen may carry the stress on the last syllable to distinguish clearly between fifty and fifteen, sixty and sixteen, etc.
Those ending in –ieth are stressed on the first syllable as in thirtieth, etc.
Those ending in –eenth are stressed on the last syllable as in thirteenth.
B. Number Words
Let’s try:◦ Her booth number is thirteen not thirty.◦ Sixty alumnae attended the twentieth anniversary
of their graduation.◦ Seventy classrooms will be constructed on the
nineteenth of this month.
Intensive-reflexive pronouns carry the stronger stress on the last syllable.
C. Intensive-reflexive Pronouns
Some words formed by adding a prefix or suffix to a root word usually retain the same syllable stress such as local localize.◦ Other examples
ready readiness memory memorable electric electrical
D. Derived Words
Some words formed by adding affixes result in a change in syllable stress, function and meaning.
Observe the changes in the following:◦ Port◦ portable◦ portability
In every rule, there is an exception…
Words ending in –ee and –eer carry the primary stress on the ultimate.
Examples◦ referee◦ refugee◦ volunteer◦ engineer
◦ Exception --- committee
Stress on the Ultimate
Words ending in –sion, -tion, -cian, -tian, and –ic carry the primary stress on the penultimate of a word.
Examples◦ economic◦ education◦ technician◦ graduation◦ geographic◦ geologic
Stress on the Penultimate
Words ending in –phy, -al/-ical, -gy, -try, -cy, -fy, -ty, -meter carry the primary stress on the ante-penultimate of a word.
Examples◦ kilometer◦ philosophy◦ liturgy + cal = liturgical◦ biology
Stress on the Ante-penultimate
The stress depends on the structure of the combination.
Separable phrasal verbs carry the stress on the particle/preposition.◦ Example
Call up. Call up Mom. Call Mom up.
E. Phrasal Verb
Inseparable phrasal verbs carry the stress on the verb itself.◦ Example
Call on. Call on Mary. Call on her.
Noun-noun or adjective-noun combinations carry the stress positions on the basis of the meanings they convey.
Usually, for compound nouns, the stress is on the first part. e.g. windowpane, bathhouse, swimming pool
Usually, for compound adjectives and compound verbs, the stress is on the second part.◦ e.g. bad-tempered (adj.), understand (v.)
F. Word Combinations
If the first part of the compound shows the purpose for which the second part is intended, the first part of the combination receives the strong stress.◦ Example
sewing machine bathhouse swimming pool hair dryer class card
If the first part of the combination shows the material contained in the second part, the second part of the combination is stressed.◦ Example
leather bag plastic cups fruit salad paper roses silver bell chocolate cake apple pie
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
OBJECTFLOWERTABLE
BACK
KILOMETERPARAMETER
THERMOMETER
BACK
CLEVERHAPPY
BEGUILE
BACK
BAD-TEMPEREDWELL-MEANTGREEN-EYED
BACK
RELEASEARRANGE
BEGIN
BACK
OVERFLOWOVERLOOK
OUTPERFORM
BACK
UNDERGROUNDHAIRCUT
GREENHOUSE
BACK
NINETEENNINETY
BACK
TURN OFFBUCKLE UPBACK OFF
BACK
CONVICTSentence: “He is the convict who
escaped from the prison.”
BACK
CONVICTSentence: “They are the juries who will
convict on the slimmest evidence.”
PRESENTSentence: “I am worried with the present situation of our country.”
BACK
PRESENTSentence: “I want to present this research paper to my advisers.”
ECONOMICEMBLEMATICGEOGRAPHIC
BACK
DARKENFLATTENSHORTEN
BACK
PHILOSOPHYGEOMETRYBIOLOGY
BACK
NINETEENTHNINETIETH
BACK
ECONOMICALIDIOCYTESTIFY
BACK
YOURSELFHIMSELF
OURSELVES
BACK
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
http://ocw.metu.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/10280/mod_resource/content/1/Word%20Stress%20in%20English.pdf
http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/word-stress-rules.htm
A Practical Guide to Oral Communication by Ofelia Reyes and Ma. Fe F. Guba
Sources: