engineeringdrawing letteringandlinespresentation 140425035911 phpapp01

7/23/2019 Engineeringdrawing Letteringandlinespresentation 140425035911 Phpapp01

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Engineering Drawing ProjectEngineering Drawing (FCE 142)


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Group Members


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Stanar Engineering !etteringan !ines


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E"ements o# Engineering Drawing

Engineering drawing are made up of graphics

language and word language.

Graphics languageDescribe a shape (mainly).

Word languageDescribe an exact size,

location and specification

of the object.


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E"ements o# Engineering Drawing

Grap$ics

"anguage

%or

"anguage

Lettering

Line ypes

!eometric

construction

"rojection

method

Engineering Drawing


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&ntrouction to 'pes o# !ines

# Each line has a definite formand line weight.

# he standard t$ic "ine weight is 0.6mm HB Lead.

# he standard t$in "ine weight is 0.3mm HB Lead.

# he standard construction "ine weight is 0.5mm 2H

Lead.


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*asic !ine 'pes +

,ame accoring to app"ication

$ontinuous

Dash$hain

St"e

'$icness hic% hin &. Dimension line'. Extension line

. Leader line

$enter line

idden line

*isible line

represent features that can be seen in the current +iew.

represent features that cannot be seen in the current +iew.

represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles,

axis of axisymmetrical parts.

indicate the sizes and location of features.

1- .isib"e "ine

/- 0ien "ine

4- Center "ine

2- Dimension "ine

Etension "ine !eaer "ine


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Main !ine 'pes

!ines

0ien !ines

Center !ines

Dimension !ines

Etension !ines

!eaer !inesCutting P"anes

Section !ines

P$antom !ines

.iewing P"anes

*rea !ines

.isib"e !ines


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.isib"e3bject !ines

#Dar%, hea+y lines.# sed to represent the outline or contour of the object

being drawn.# Define features you can see in a particular +iew.


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0ien !ines

# Light, narrow, short, dashed lines.# -hows the outline of a feature that can not be seen in

a particular +iew.# sed to help clarify a feature, but can be omitted if

they clutter a drawing.


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0ien !ines ('ec$niue)


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Section !ines

# hin line usually drawn at a / degree angle.# 0ndicates the material that has been cut through in a

sectional +iew.

Sectio

nLine


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Center !ines# hin line consisting of alternating long and short

dashes.# sed to represent the center of round or cylindrical

features, or the symmetry of a feature.


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Dimension !ines# hin lines capped on the ends with arrowheads and

bro%en along their length to pro+ide a space for thedimension numeral.

# hey indicate length.


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Etension !ines# hin lines used to establish the extent of a dimension.# $an also be used to show extension of a surface to a

theoretical intersection as shown in (b).# 1egin &./mm from the object and extend to mm

beyond the last dimension.# hey should not cross dimension lines.


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!eaer !ines# hin lines used to connect a specific note to a feature.# 2lso used to direct dimensions, symbols, item number and

part numbers on a drawing.# $ommonly drawn at 45 30 and 60 degrees.# as a short shoulder (34mm) at one end beginning at the

center of the +ertical height of text, and a standard

dimension arrowhead at the other end touching the feature.

# Leader lines should not cross

each other.# Leader lines should not be

excessi+ely long.# Leader lines should not be

+ertical or horizontal.# Leader lines should not be

parallel to dimension lines,

extension lines or section lines.


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5rrow$eas# sed to terminate dimension lines and leader lines and on

cutting3plane lines and +iewing plane lines.

# hey should be three times as long as they are wide.# hey should be the same size throughout the drawing.# he filled arrowhead is generally preferred because of its

clarity.


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Cutting P"ane !ines

# hic% bro%en line that is terminated with short !0

degree arrowheads.# -hows where a part is mentally cut in half to better

see the interior detail.


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Cutting P"ane !ines (Eamp"e)


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*rea !ines

# sed to brea% out sections for clarity or for shortening

a part.

# hree types of brea% lines with different line weights5

a) S$ort *reas-

b) !ong *reas-

c) C"inrica" *reas-


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a) S$ort *rea !ines# hic% wa+y line.

# sed to brea% the edge or surface of a part for clarityof a hidden surface.

(a) -hort brea% line on metal shape6

(b) -hort 1rea% Line on wood shape.


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b) !ong *rea !ines

# Long, thin lines.# sed to show that the middle section of an object has

been remo+ed so it can be drawn on a smaller piece

of paper.


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c) C"inrica" *rea !ines# hin lines.

# sed to show round parts that are bro%en in half tobetter clarify the print or to reduce the length of the

object.

$ylindrical con+entional brea%s for a solid and tube6

where 7 8 7adius


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P$antom !ines# hin lines made up of long dashes alternating with

pairs of short dashes.

# hree purposes in drawings

a) To show the alternate position of moving parts.

b) To show the relationship of parts that fit together.

c) To show repeated detail.


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P$antom !ines (Eamp"es)


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Graes o# Penci"s use in !ines


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Eamp"e 1


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Eamp"e 2


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!ettering in Engineering Drawing

Lettering is used to pro+ide easy to read and understand

information to supplement a drawing in the form of notes

and annotations.

hus, it must be written with5

Legi"ilit#9 shape : space between letters and words.

$niformit#9 size : line thic%ness.

Lettering is an essential element in both

traditional drawing and Computer Aided Design

(CAD) drawing


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'pes o# !ettering

he two types of lettering are5&.Double -tro%e Lettering.

'.-ingle -tro%e Lettering.


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1- Doub"e Stroe !ettering0n Double -tro%e Lettering the line width is greater than that of

-ingle -tro%e Lettering.

Double -tro%e Lettering is further di+ided into5

a)Double Stroke Vertical Gothic Lettering.

b)Double Stroke Inclined Gothic Lettering.

2 stencil is mostly used when hand drawing double stro%ed letters.


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2- Sing"e Stroe !ettering

hic%ness in single stro%e lettering is obtained by a single stro%e of

pencil or in% pen.

0t is further di+ided into5

a) Single Stroke Vertical Gothic Lettering.

b) Single Stroke Inclined Gothic Lettering.

Sing"e stroe 6ertica" "etters Sing"e stroe inc"ine "etters


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Con6entions #or !ettering

# se all C5P&'5! !E''E7S-# se e%en pressure to draw precise8 c"ean "ines.

# se one stro&e per line.

# 0ori9onta" Stroe are drawn left to right.

# .ertica" Stroes are drawn downward.# Cur6e stroes are drawn top to "ottom in one continuous stro%e on

each side.

# se &erningto eliminate excessi+e space between letters. 9

'&erning refers to ad(usting the space "etween characters especiall# "#

placing two characters closer together than normal. )erning ma&es certain

com"inations of letters such as W* +W ,* and -* loo& "etter.


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Con6entions #or !ettering (cont-)

# se he /inglestro&e Gothic /t#le of Lettering.# 2lways /&ip * /pace 1etween 7ows 3# !etters.

# 2lways se -er# Light Guide Lines.

# Fractions2re Lettered ,wice ,he Height 1f ormal Letters.

# Fraction *ars2re 2lways rawn Horiontal.

# se a +edium B HB or H7 Lead ;or ormal Lettering.

# se a Hard 2H ,o 4H7 Lead ;or Drawing Guide Lines.

# ,otesshould be dou"le spaced.


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5pp"ication o# !ettering

Lettering in Engineering Drawings is used in writing,itle Bloc&swhich play a crucial role in drawings, they

are used to record all of the important information

necessary for the wor%ing drawings. 5 0* Penci" is use-

ther uses of lettering include imensionsand otes

on the engineering drawing.


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P"acement o# tet on Engineering Drawings

,r# and locate the te8t on the drawings going around.


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Guie"inesExtremely light horiontal lines that are necessary to regulate

the height of letters.

0n addition, light %ertical or inclined guidelines are needed to

%eep the letters uniformly +ertical or inclined.

!uidelines are absolutely essential for good lettering.

Guie"inesare drawn using Hard 2H to 4H7 Lead 9encilswithlight pressure. HB grade conical end pencilsare used for

"ettering.

Proceure #or !ettering

# hin horizontal guide lines are drawn first at a distance :h; apart.# Lettering ,echni


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Guie"ines in !ettering (inc"uing 0eig$t)

$c1

c2c/

b1

b2

3(height of capital letters)3(height of lower3case letters)

3(tail of lower3case letters)

3(stem of lower3case letters)

3(spacing between baselines)

3(spacing between baselines)

Recommended Size (height, h) ofLetters/Numerals

Main Title5mm, 7mm,

!mm

Sub"Title #$5mm, 5mm

Dimensions,

%otes etc$

&$5mm, #$5mm,

5mm

$

c2

c2

G i "i # ! tt i


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Guie"ines #or !ettering

# Drawing numbers, title bloc%s and letters denoting cutting planes,

sections are written in 1:mm si9e.# Drawing title is written in ;mm si9e.

# atching, subtitles, materials, dimensions, notes etc. are written in /-

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