(Semta ) – AACS LMI (Version 2.5) March 2010 Engineering Manufacture, Science and Mathematics Semta is the Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing technologies. Contents Page UK, England and English Regions 1

1. Engineering manufacture and Bioscience 1 2. Automotive manufacture 8 3. Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture 62 4. Mechanical equipment manufacture 115 5. Metals 166 6. Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace 221 7. Science Industries (Bioscience) 278

1. Engineering manufacture and Science industries (Bioscience) Sector information - a brief description of what the sector covers at UK level Semta is the Sector skills council that represents employers in engineering manufacture and the science industries (Bioscience) and science and mathematics within engineering manufacture. Engineering The engineering manufacturing industry across the UK is very broad, covering areas such as the manufacture of aircraft, ships and leisure boats, satellites, cars and other vehicles, electronics and electrical products, mechanical components such as engines and bearings, all the metal manufactured and precision machined items that hold these products together as well as companies that are involved in the processing and casting of metals. UK Engineering exports are valued at around £137 billion (37% of total UK exports of goods and services). The majority of engineering employers are small and medium sized companies with small firms employing fewer than 50 employees, and medium firms employing between 50-249 people. The larger employers, whilst being fewer in number, employ large numbers of people and are often crucial as key customers for the small and medium manufacturers (known as the supply chain).

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England overview of employment in all engineering sectors. Number of Engineering employees in England by local authority district

Number of Engineering Employees

10,000 + (17)5,000 to 9,999 (48)2,000 to 4,999 (118)1,000 to 1,999 (99)

0 to 999 (44)

Source: Annual Business Inquiry 2007, ONS Note: The figures in brackets relate to the number of local authorities in each Engineering sector employment range

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Scotland overview of employment in all engineering sectors. Number of employees in the Scottish Engineering Industry

Number of Engineering Employees

5,000 + (8)2,000 to 4,999 (6)1,000 to 1,999 (6)

0 to 999 (12)

Source: Annual Business Inquiry 2007, ONS Note: The figures in brackets relate to the number of local authorities in each Engineering sector employment range Scotland overview of establishments in all engineering Number of establishments in the Scottish Engineering Industry

Engineering Establishments

250 + (6)200 to 249 (2)100 to 199 (8)

0 to 99 (16)

Source: Annual Business Inquiry 2007, ONS Note: The figures in brackets relate to the number of local authorities in each Engineering sector establishment range

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Wales overview of employment in all engineering sectors.

Number of Engineering employees in engineering in Wales

Number of Employees in Engineering Sector

5,000 + (6)2,000 to 4,999 (9)1,000 to 1,999 (4)

0 to 999 (3)

Source: Annual Business Inquiry 2007, ONS Note: The figures in brackets relate to the number of local authorities in each Engineering sector employment range

Number of Engineering establishments in Wales

Engineering Establishments

200+ (2)150 to 199 (9)100 to 149 (6)

0 to 99 (5)

Source: Annual Business Inquiry 2007, ONS Note: The figures in brackets relate to the number of local authorities in each Engineering sector establishment range

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Science industries (Bioscience) Semta estimates that based on the best available data from both industry and official statistics, that there are in the region of 191,000 employees working in the science industries, across the UK this figure includes pharmaceutical manufacturing employees who are represented by the Sector Skills Council Cogent. The Bioscience areas of employment and employers that Semta represents can be described by the following:

• Research based pharmaceutical companies that discover, develop, market and distribute medication and drugs;

• Research and development in pharmaceutical manufacturing companies; • Bioscience companies that are a spin-off from university research departments; • The application of bioscience to produce innovative medicines, therapeutics and

medical devices; • The application of bioscience for the processing and production of materials i.e. the

use of bioscience in engineering industries. (Excluding agricultural bio-technology and bioscience that is for the processing and production of chemicals and energy)

• Research and experimental development.

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Overview of employment in the Science industries across GB Distribution of employment in the Science Industries

Science Industries Employment

5,000+ (4)1,000 to 4,999 (54)

500 to 999 (51)250 to 499 (54)100 to 249 (84)

0 to 99 (133)

Source: ABI 2007. Data are not available for Northern Ireland. Note: The numbers in brackets refer to the total number of local authorities in this employment band.

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Distribution of establishments in the Science Industries Science Industries Establishments

100+ (2)50 to 99 (10)25 to 49 (47)0 to 24 (321)

Source: ABI 2007. Data are not available for Northern Ireland. Note: The numbers in brackets refer to the total number of local authorities in this establishment band.

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2. Automotive Manufacture 2.1 A brief description of what the automotive manufacturing sector covers at UK and GB level

The automotive manufacturing sector in the UK covers a range of companies involved in manufacturing whole vehicles as well as the bodies (coachwork), engines, components such as exhausts, wheels, gear boxes, safety belts and airbags. The sector that Semta represents also includes companies involved in the manufacture of trailers, motor sport related vehicles, fire engines, buses, coaches, vans and lorries. The UK is a source of manufacturing sites for a number of well known international car manufacturers.

The automotive industry is traditionally made up of many Small and Medium Sized Employers, each one employing less than 250 people, supplying a small group of large Vehicle Manufacturers and Automotive Equipment Manufacturers who may sometimes employ more than 1,000 people.

Workplaces and employment

There were nearly 3,220 automotive workplaces in Great Britain in 2006/2007. These companies employed in the region of 154,400 people with 90% of the workforce in England, 8% in Wales and 2% in Scotland. (See separate data for Northern Ireland)

The greatest concentrations of employment in the automotive industry within the UK are in the West Midlands and the North West of England. Number employed in the Automotive industry in GB Nation or Region Number

employed Percentage of GB automotive workforce

England 138,700 90%Scotland 3,600 2%Wales 12,100 8%Total GB 154,400 100% England regions East of England 13,300 8%East Midlands 13,300 8%London 5,800 4%North East 12,100 8%North West 18,100 12%South East 12,500 8%South West 11,300 7%West Midlands 39,500 26%Yorkshire and The Humber 12,900 8%Source ABI 2007 Automotive industry in Northern Ireland Automotive employment in Northern Ireland was around 3,400 people in 20071. See section 2.15.13 Automotive manufacture Northern Ireland

1 Source: Northern Ireland Census of Employment 2007, NISRA

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Main technical and engineering skills gaps in the Automotive industry. The main skills gaps for the automotive industry reported by engineering employers in the UK during the 2007 labour market survey (base of 700 engineering employers) are: Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) CNC Machine Operation Computer Aided Design (CAD) Welding skills Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Further details for each Nation and English region are provided in each section. Demographics. Gender Only 19% of the UK Engineering workforce is female and this proportion has not varied much in the last 10 years. The percentage of 19% is for women employed in all occupations in the engineering manufacturing sectors including assembly type occupations, office staff and sales and marketing. For employment in technical, professional and management roles, women are particularly under represented with women making up only 17% of all engineering management roles and 7% of professional roles. Age The ageing of the current workforce is an issue for many employers with skilled and experienced workers reaching retirement age and a need to replace them with other skilled craft, technical and professional workers. Further demographic details are included in the following sections 2.14.10 Automotive manufacture England 2.14.11 Automotive manufacture Scotland 2.14.12 Automotive manufacture Wales 2.14.13 Automotive manufacture Northern Ireland 2.2 Automotive Information on careers available and new emerging jobs, transferability of skills career paths and opportunities for progression

a) Careers currently available There are a wide range of career options within the automotive manufacturing sector these include labouring and machine operator jobs as well as job roles on the production line fitting components as a car or large component for a car or other vehicle is assembled. The sector employs many people working in skilled craft jobs such as welding, toolmaking and maintenance who have background, knowledge and experience in problem solving, practical skills and expertise in using a range of tools, equipment and machinery as well as being able to interpret drawings and diagrams. Roles for science and engineering technicians are often difficult to fill for employers since often they require people not only with practical expertise and training but with a thorough understanding of mathematics and science having studied at HNC/HND level.

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Professional occupations such as mechanical engineer, and design engineer will be people whose studies have usually involved a university degree although graduates in other disciplines such as aeronautical engineering or physics may also be recruited into professional occupations in the automotive industry. Other roles within the automotive sector will involve all the people needed to manage and run the business including sales and marketing, departmental and team managers, product development, accounts, stores people, people that package or prepare the vehicles for delivery and those that ensure that everything operates efficiently with the minimum amount of waste and cost.

Self employment and part time working in the UK 96% of the automotive workforce work full time.2 4% of the automotive workforce work part time Self employment in engineering is quite a low percentage, around 6% for all engineering occupations as shown in the table below. Managers and senior officials and people working in skilled trades have slightly higher percentages of people being self employed. Due to the number of micro companies, there may be more self employment for managers who actually own those companies. Table showing percentage employment status for all engineering Employment status main job (reported) Major occupation group (main job)

Employee Self employed

Government scheme

Unpaid family worker

Total

1 Managers and Senior Officials

91% 9% 0% 0% 100%

2 Professional occupations 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%3 Associate Professional and Technical

97% 3% 0% 0% 100%

4 Administrative and Secretarial

96% 4% 0% 0% 100%

5 Skilled Trades Occupations 91% 9% 0% 0% 100%6 Personal Service Occupations

100% 0% 0% 0% 100%

7 Sales and Customer Service Occupations

96% 2% 1% 1% 100%

8 Process, Plant and Machine Operatives

99% 1% 0% 0% 100%

9 Elementary Occupations 96% 4% 0% 0% 100%Total 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%Source LFS 2008 data

2 2008 LFS data

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Major Job roles in the automotive industry include the following,

Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles.

Managers and senior officials

Manufacturing Production Manager

Professional occupations Design Engineer Electronics Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer Quality Control Inspector

Associate professional and technical occupations Electrical Engineering Technician Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Mechanical Engineering Technician

Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant

Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter

Sheet Metal Worker Toolmaker Welder

Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Electronics Assembler Engineering Operative Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Operative

Quality Control Inspector

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations

b) New and emerging jobs

The saving of energy and production of vehicles that use less fuel and produce less pollution in the atmosphere have already become the focus of Government, EU and world legislation. In support of Government commitment to a low Carbon Economy, an investment of £25 million was announced to enable over 340 low carbon vehicles to be road-tested across the UK over the next eighteen months coinciding with news that the Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) is launching a new plan designed to make it easier for drivers to charge plug-in vehicles in a number of major UK cities. The Joined-Cities Plan aims to help cities across the UK to deploy a cost effective and compatible network of recharging points.

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Such legislation and commitment to investing in research into low carbon technologies will certainly lead to developments and innovations in the automotive manufacturing sector in the coming years. These innovations are likely to be related to the fuels and engine efficiency as well as developments in the ways in which the power is transferred from the engine to the wheels. Already there have been developments with cars being manufactured with hybrid engines, electric and alternatively fuelled vehicles and improvements in the structures and materials used in the vehicles manufacture. As with most modern engineering manufacture, in addition to the development of the vehicles and components themselves there will be developments in the design and manufacturing processes to make material and energy use more efficient, minimise waste and reduce the time taken to get a new product from the idea stage to manufacture and sales. . To meet such changes, there are likely to be roles in the near future for people who are skilled at designing and running manufacturing departments with consideration for how a vehicle will be recycled at the end of its life as well as being able to design products and manufacturing processes that minimise wastage in the amounts of material used in making the vehicle or its components. The use of new materials and the development of alternative fuelling systems will also require people with an understanding of these new technologies gained through study and practical experience. Structural testing such as physical testing in wind tunnels of vehicle sized models is likely to move towards modeling and testing using computer simulations at least in the early development stages. Rapid prototyping will become more prevalent, where computer drawings and designs are converted into 3D models using something similar to a photocopier that works in three dimensions. There are likely to be roles for people who are involved in developing and producing prototypes using software to virtually test and explore new vehicle designs.

It is likely that graduates of the future will need some multidisciplinary understanding of both mechanical and electronic systems and also roles will emerge for people with a background and understanding of alternative sources of power generation such as battery and low carbon fuels. There are also likely to be roles for managers and experts with knowledge of manufacturing process improvement and business improvement to increase efficiency and save on time and costs in the workplace. c) Transferability of skills within the Automotive manufacturing sector Elementary occupations Those employed in these roles may have skills in using specialist lifting and transport/storage equipment, knowledge of different types of materials that are moved around the company. Some may have experience of completing stock sheets or component lists or completing forms to sign in or take out specialist equipment. Some may have undergone health and safety training for lifting and transporting materials and safe working practices in a manufacturing production area. Most if not all of these skills would be relevant to all sectors within engineering manufacture. Process, plant and machine operatives People in these types of roles would be familiar with completing forms and documents relating to the number and types of product assembled or completed by them in their work, some of this recording is likely to be carried out on a computer database.

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Health and safety training is likely to have been undertaken and understanding of safe working practices would be transferable across all sectors. Attention to detail when assembling or machining products and visual checking to ensure that faulty items from the machine are not sent to the next stage of assembly or manufacture will be part of most roles within this category and would be transferable across all sectors. Some people employed within these roles may have received specialist training using particular machines or processes such as soldering for example.

Skilled trades occupations Most people employed in these roles will have undertaken an apprenticeship and a period of practical experience combined with further studies in some cases. They may be skilled in a particular area such as maintenance or toolmaking but they will all have skills related to understanding and interpreting drawings and diagrams, communicating and working as part of a larger team and often health and safety in the workplace knowledge and experience. Some employees in this group may have skills in setting, programming or using modern numerically controlled machine tools or specialist diagnostic equipment all very desirable and transferable skills to other engineering sectors. Associate professional and technical occupations People in these job roles will have similar practical transferable skills to those in skilled trades occupations but they may have greater responsibility for identifying, organising and using resources effectively, completing tasks whilst considering the cost, quality, safety and environmental impact. They will have the ability to apply their mathematical and scientific knowledge when undertaking their work and may often need to work without close supervision accepting responsibility for the work of themselves and others. These skills are transferable across all engineering sectors.

Professional occupations Professional engineers will usually have a background and degree in a particular engineering discipline and many of these engineering disciplines are transferable across all engineering sectors. Transferable skills would include the ability to organise ideas, produce comprehensive reports, work in teams as part of the day to day operating of the organisation, problem solving, costing solutions, responsibility, involvement in decision making, planning, project and time management skills and the use of specialist computer and software packages to carry out various activities. Managers and senior officials A level of experience is expected from these roles and transferable skills to other engineering sectors would be those of team and department leadership, decision making, understanding of production and manufacturing costs, planning and funding. d) Career paths and opportunities for progression. There are many opportunities to develop and progress in an engineering career. The ‘Engineering Planner’ was devised by Semta to provide useful information about qualifications and levels of responsibility for particular job roles and act as guidance for people wanting to progress to different roles through training and further study. See the engineering planner: See separate progression section in each job title description

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2.3 Information on pay scales in the automotive sector Pay scales for all of these roles will vary depending on the amount of experience the employee has, the level of responsibility and where the work is based geographically, so pay scales given are based on estimates from a number of sources. Also bear in mind that many large engineering manufacturing companies may offer incentives for those working shifts or nights. Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager The starting salary for new graduates or those new to the role is around £19,000 to £23,000. An experienced production manager may earn on average around £38,500. Some managers with high levels of responsibility earn more than £56,000 a year. Professional occupations Design Engineer Starting salaries for new graduates may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced design engineers can earn on average around £35,000 or more, depending on their professional status. Senior design engineers may earn around £45,000 or more. Electronics Engineer Starting salaries for new graduates may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced electronics engineers may earn around £42,000. Chartered professional electronics engineers in senior roles may earn more than £50,000. Mechanical Engineer Starting salaries for graduate engineers may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced mechanical engineers can earn around £38,000 or more, depending on their professional status and experience. Chartered mechanical engineers in senior roles may earn around £45,000 or more depending on their levels of responsibility. Production Engineer Salaries for production engineers new to the role can start at around £23,000 a year. Production engineers with experience earn around £33,000 on average. Some production engineers with high levels of responsibility can earn over £44,000 per year. Associate professional and technical occupations Electrical Engineering Technician The starting salary for an electrical engineering technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced electrical engineering technician may earn around £30,000 a year. The most experienced technicians with high levels of responsibility can earn over £38,000. Engineering Maintenance Technician The starting salary for an engineering maintenance technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced engineering maintenance technician may earn around £30,000 a year. The most experienced technicians with high levels of responsibility can earn over £38,000. Laboratory Technician Salaries for those new to the role may start at around £10,500. Experienced laboratory technicians earn around £20,000 on average. Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £30,000 per year.

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Mechanical Engineering Technician The starting salary for a mechanical engineering technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced mechanical engineering technician may earn around £30,000 a year. The most experienced technicians with high levels of responsibility can earn over £38,000. Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Starting salaries for stores assistants are from £10,000 to £14,000 a year. An experienced person could earn £17,500 a year on average. Stores managers can earn over £25,000. Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Newly-qualified craft machinists may earn around £18,000 a year and the average for an experienced machinist is around £26,000. Senior machinists with higher levels of responsibility or those working shifts and overtime may earn over £30,000 a year. Engineering Maintenance Fitter Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. The average pay for an engineering maintenance fitter is around £27,000. Highly-skilled and experienced maintenance fitters may earn over £40,000. Sheet Metal Worker Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Qualified sheet metal workers are likely to earn up to £23,000 a year although this could be higher for those working shifts and overtime. Highly skilled sheet metal workers can earn up to £28,000 a year. Welder Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Qualified welders are likely to earn on average £24,000 a year although this can be higher with overtime and shift work. Highly skilled welders with specialist qualifications or those carrying out specialist work overseas or underwater work, can earn over £31,500 a year. Toolmaker Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Average salaries for an experienced toolmaker may be around £25,000 a year although this can be higher for those involved in shift work or overtime. Highly skilled toolmakers with management responsibilities may earn over £38,000 a year.

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Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Salaries start at around £11,500 a year. Experienced assemblers earn an average of £17,00 although this can be higher with shiftwork and overtime. Some assemblers with additional responsibilities may earn over £25,000. Electronics Assembler New electronics assemblers may earn around £10,500 a year. Experienced assemblers may earn between £13,500 and £17,000. The highest salaries may be around £20,000 a year with overtime and shift work. Engineering Operative Starting salaries may be around £12,500 a year. Starting salaries for Apprentices may range from around £8,000 to £10,000 a year. Experienced engineering operatives may earn up to £21,000 a year on average although this could be more for those working shifts and overtime. The most skilled and experienced operatives with management responsibilities may earn £28,000 or more with overtime and piecework. Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Operative Starting salaries are in the region of £13,500 to £14,000, first year Apprentices may earn around £8,000 to £10,000 a year. Operatives with experience earn around £25,000 on average. Experienced manufacturing operatives may earn up to around £30,000 although this can be higher with shift work and overtime.. Quality Control Inspector Salaries for quality control inspectors may start at around £13,000 a year. With some experience, an inspector may earn around £20,000. Inspectors with wider responsibilities may earn over £28,000 and, in certain industries (such as the aerospace sector), as much as £35,000. Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Labourers and General assistants can earn in the range of £17,000 to £18,000 a year, but can earn more if working nights or shifts. 2.4 Information on entry requirements and application processes for Automotive manufacture. Job types fall into the following categories;

• Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Administrative and secretarial occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about application processes and further sources of assistance are provided under each of these headings.

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Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of an Honours Degree graduate or equivalent. • Internal promotion of Senior Team Leader. • External recruitment of an experienced Manager. • Advancement from the Advanced Apprenticeship or Higher Apprenticeship. • It may be possible to start in other areas of manufacturing and progress to supervisor and then manager.

Vacancies are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies are often used to secure staff for roles at this level and internal promotion and recruitment is also a method of recruitment and development.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below

http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Automotive Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and job seeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.smmt.co.uk/home.cfm Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites. Those with a particular interest in laboratory technician work may find the following sources useful

http://www.labnewsjobs.co.uk/ Laboratory news http://www.newscientist.com/ New Scientist New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites. Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities.

The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

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Professional occupations Design Engineer Electronics Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of a graduate or equivalent • External recruitment of Professional Engineer • Advancement from the Advanced Apprenticeship or Higher Apprenticeship.

Vacancies are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies are often used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Craftspeople and technicians may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Automotive Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and job seeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.smmt.co.uk/home.cfm Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites. New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites. Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

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Associate professional and technical occupations Electrical Engineering Technician Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Mechanical Engineering Technician Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of an Engineering Technician • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

Vacancies for experienced technicians are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies may be used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Apprentices may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working and sometimes may be enrolled on a scheme that ensures their opportunity to progress to this type of role.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below. http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Automotive Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and job seeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.smmt.co.uk/home.cfm Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. Those with a particular interest in laboratory technician work may find the following sources useful

http://www.labnewsjobs.co.uk/ Laboratory news http://www.newscientist.com/ New Scientist New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites. Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

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Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of school/college leaver to serve an Apprenticeship • External recruitment of an experienced stock controller/stores assistant Vacancies advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers. Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Sheet Metal Worker Toolmaker Welder

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or adult employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of skilled Craftspeople • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

Adults seeking to progress from an operative role to an advanced apprenticeship leading to a skilled craft role, should speak to someone in their company responsible for training or human resources. School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website

Vacancies for experienced craftspeople are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies may be used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended.

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A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Automotive Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and job seeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.smmt.co.uk/home.cfm Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Electronics Assembler Engineering Operative Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Operative Quality Control Inspector

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Apprenticeship. • External recruitment of a trained Operative or assembler • Advancement from the Young Apprenticeship School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website

Vacancies may be advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers.

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Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • External recruitment of an experienced labourer. • External recruitment of a person who will undertake further training. Vacancies may be advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers. 2.5 Qualifications in Automotive sector

Job types fall into the following categories;

• Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Administrative and secretarial occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about qualifications is provided under each of these headings.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Qualifications – • Often have a degree; this may be in an engineering discipline or in a subject specific

to management or production management. • May have a higher national certificate/diploma (HNC/HND) combined with extensive

working experience such as having completed an advanced apprenticeship. • Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two

or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

22

Professional occupations Design Engineer Electronics Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer Qualifications –

• Would usually have a degree in an engineering specific discipline but it may be in a

subject specific to a physical science such as physics or chemistry. • Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two

or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

• Particular levels of study would be required for professional engineers seeking to become a chartered or incorporated engineer and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council. (ECUK)

Associate professional and technical occupations Electrical Engineering Technician Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Mechanical Engineering Technician

Qualifications -

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least

four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Some technician apprentices first study full time for Level 3 qualifications, such as A levels, BTEC National Diplomas or Certificates, or City & Guilds awards.

• Particular levels of experience and study would be required by those seeking professional registration as engineering technicians ( EngTech) and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council Engineering Technician page. (ECUK)

Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Qualifications

• There are often no formal academic qualifications required to work in this role although English, maths and ICT skills are an advantage.

• Some stores assistants are required to have a driving licence and be qualified to drive a fork-lift truck whereas others may have qualifications related to the use of lifting equipment or health and safety certificates.

23

Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Sheet Metal Worker Toolmaker Welder

Qualifications

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least

four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Many will have work based competencies at level 3 in subjects such as Fabrication and Welding Engineering, Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Engineering Maintenance, Engineering Toolmaking etc.

Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Electronics Assembler Engineering Operative Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Operative Quality Control Inspector

Qualifications

• When entering this career through an apprenticeship, GCSE grades D to G or

equivalent are required although some employers will require levels of skills using IT mean that higher grades at GCSE will become increasingly prevalent.

• Some people working in specialised jobs may have work-based competence - N/SVQ Levels 1and 2 in subjects such as Performing engineering operations, or qualifications related to safe working or lifting practices.

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Qualifications

• There are often no formal academic qualifications required to work in this role although English, maths and ICT skills are an advantage.

• Some labourers may be qualified to drive a fork-lift truck whereas others may have qualifications related to the use of lifting equipment or health and safety certificates.

24

2.6 Data on employment and labour market trends and forecasts for Automotive manufacturing.

The current view In the political and financial climate of early to late 2009 there were many news stories regarding the particular impact of car sales on the automotive manufacturing industry both globally and in the UK. The news in June and July has reflected a move by car buyers in the UK towards small and economical cars which has been positive news to companies involved in the manufacture and development of these types of cars and for their employees. Several high profile government announcements have concentrated on the government's efforts to raise the profile of research and development funding for companies involved in the development and manufacture of low carbon vehicles and their associated technologies. It should be noted that although the automotive industry has received much negative press attention throughout early 2009, many companies have been involved in discussion with the government and whilst press stories often focus on redundancy numbers, these stories do not always fully represent the situation for the way in which the employer is managing the challenges. These challenges may be being met through improving production methods, short production closures, adapting working times or upgrading skills. Following the budget in April 2009, a scrappage incentive was introduced in an effort to encourage drivers of older vehicles to trade them in for new models with a £2,000 allowance against their old car to encourage more vehicle purchasing. Automotive manufacturers have been reluctant to make redundancies since if they loose their skilled workforce, they will loose important expertise and skills needed for business recovery in an extremely competitive area of manufacturing and advanced technology. At this time it is not possible to predict the long term figures for company requirements for numbers of employees, but it is considered that the importance of the automotive industry and the cautious approach taken by many of the lead manufacturers will lead to employment opportunities for skilled and experienced workers as the economic climate improves.

2.7 Skill shortages

All sectors in the economy face major skill challenges as the nature of work alters and global competition intensifies although the pace of change is likely to be particularly rapid within most parts of the Engineering industry. Those in the workforce with no qualifications are likely to face particular challenges

Detailed information for each region and nation are included in the following sections. 2.14.1 Automotive manufacture East Midlands. 2.14.2 Automotive manufacture East of England 2.14.3 Automotive manufacture London 2.14.4 Automotive manufacture North East 2.14.5 Automotive manufacture North West 2.14.6 Automotive manufacture South East 2.14.7 Automotive manufacture South West 2.14.8 Automotive manufacture West Midlands. 2.14.9 Automotive manufacture Yorkshire and the Humber 2.14.10 Automotive manufacture England 2.14.11 Automotive manufacture Scotland 2.14.12 Automotive manufacture Wales 2.14.13 Automotive manufacture Northern Ireland

25

2.8 Information on opportunities for adults changing career direction At the craft, technician, professional and management occupational levels there are opportunities for people who hold relevant degrees, Further Education qualifications or other industry recognised certificates and who have working experience in an engineering environment.

Occupations identified by employers as being crucial for the future were

Design engineers Electronic engineers Production engineers Technicians – equipment, process and product Maintenance Toolmaking Prototyping

It is expected that operator and assembly job roles are likely to decrease in the automotive sector although as the business climate improves; there will still be employment opportunities due to retirement of current employees. Whilst formal qualifications are not always required for these roles, transferable skills such as team working, an ability to follow diagrams and instructions, basic mathematical understanding and practical skills are all relevant to people wishing to transfer to these occupations.

2.9 Entry or transfer into the Automotive manufacturing sector from another area/sector.

The technical nature or practical experience required to work in the craft, technician, professional and management occupations means that those without the relevant qualifications or experience will need to consider courses and training relevant to the role they wish to pursue. Where formal qualifications or skills for operator or assembly job roles are required, the careers services can assist in advising on courses and qualifications that may be available locally. Where formal qualifications and experience are not required, application through employment agencies and direct to the employer are recommended.

26

2.10 Job profiles

Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles.

Major Job roles in the automotive industry include the following,

Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Professional occupations Design Engineer Electronics Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer Associate professional and technical occupations Electrical Engineering Technician Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Mechanical Engineering Technician

Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Sheet Metal Worker Toolmaker Welder Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Electronics Assembler Engineering Operative Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Operative Quality Control Inspector Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations

27

2.11 Case studies Automotive occupations

Jobs4U Case studies Assembly Operator Steven Pascall CAD (Computer aided design) engineering draughtsperson Lee Warner Engineering maintenance fitter Stephen Blake Lead Mill Operator (CNC) Richard Moffitt Mechanical engineering technician Kieran Jordan Structures Engineer Shawn Orford Welding technician Samuel Emm

2.12 FAQs Q) I am currently working as a machine operator in an automotive company and would be very interested in finding where I could get information and advice about improving my skills and learning, where should I start? A) A good place to start is by speaking with your company union representative to see if they will know of any schemes or opportunities that are promoted by your employer. Your company may have a Union Learn representative http://www.unionlearn.org.uk/about/index.cfm If not, then make initial enquiries with your HR department. Q) Do you have a list of motorsport companies that I could write to about working for them? A) Unfortunately there is no available list of companies that you can approach. We recommend finding out as much as you can about the teams in the UK through motorsport websites and magazines then look at the recruitment sections on those team websites. Don't forget that there are a broad range of formula other than formula 1 as well as rally, motorcycle and kart racing. Many companies that produce components for road cars may also be involved in research and development of components for the high performance market too.

Q) I would like to work as a vehicle mechanic / technician, how do I do this? A) Semta covers information about automotive engineering research and development and automotive manufacture, although some automotive technicians are employed in manufacturing companies, the Institute of the motor industry IMI is the sector skills council for the retail motor industry and will have more information on this job role. http://www.motor.org.uk Q) There has been lots of news about automotive company closures on the news, are there still jobs in the sector? A) There are still many major car companies involved in automotive manufacture across the UK as well as many small and medium sized supply chain companies involved in manufacturing specialist components or equipment for the large manufacturers. The engineering skills and experience gained from working in such a competitive and technologically advanced industry can provide a wide breadth of transferrable skills that are applicable to many job roles. Jobs for graduates and those with technician level and craft skills will still be available as these companies prepare for the advanced technologies that will provide more fuel efficient and cleaner personal transport in the future.

28

2.13 Sources of additional information Specific to Automotive

• Action resources http://www.motor-sport.uk.com lots of information including a section on women in motorsport careers.

• Article about the future of automotive development http://www.ae-plus.com/OEM%20News/PDF/AEjan09%2020-29.pdf

• Auto industry http://www.autoindustry.co.uk/index.asp a directory of careers information, geographical overviews of the Automotive manufacturing sector and links to specialist component manufacturers as well as the car/motorcycle/van/lorry manufacturers themselves.

• Automotive engineer on the web http://www.ae-plus.com/ • Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), Forbes House, Halkin Street,

London SW1X 7DS. 020 7235 7000. Website: www.smmt.co.uk • The Motorsport Industry Association http://www.the-mia.co.uk/

Covers all engineering, technology and science.

• Engineering Diploma Development Partnership, c/o Semta, the Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies, Second Floor, Weston House, 246 High Holborn, London WC1V 7EX. 020 7269 9840. Website: www.engineeringdiploma.com

• Engineering & technology careers & news from the Engineering and Technology Board (ETB) website http://www.scenta.co.uk and http://www.enginuity.org.uk

• Futuremorph, Science Council Careers Website http://www.futuremorph.org/ • Inside Careers http://www.insidecareers.co.uk • New Outlooks in Science and engineering http://www.noisemakers.org.uk/index.cfm • Science, So What? So Everything DirectGov website

http://sciencesowhat.direct.gov.uk/ • Semta Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing

Technologies http://www.semta.org.uk • UK resource centre for women in science, engineering and

technology.http://www.ukrc4setwomen.org/

29

2.14 Automotive manufacture Regional and National Information

2.14.1 Automotive manufacture East Midlands. East Midlands Automotive manufacture There were around 13,300 people employed in the Automotive sector in the East Midlands in 2007 in about 340 companies. This represents 8% of the GB automotive workforce. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,400 employees would be needed in the East Midlands between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement.

Top 10 occupations within the East Midlands within the automotive sector

Occupation

Employment in the East Midlands automotive sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

East

Mid

land

s re

gion

(A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion.

in th

e Ea

st M

idla

nds

regi

on

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,210 1,880 330 24,370 9% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 1,250 1,040 210 4,550 27% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,170 1,110 60 27,370 4% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,150 1,050 100 40,810 3% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 850 690 160 18,490 5% 5215 Welding trades 780 760 20 7,570 10% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 550 540 10 7,160 8% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 440 410 30 41,130 1% 5232 Vehicle body builders and repairers 420 410 10 2,280 18% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 420 360 50 9,750 4%

Source: Census 2001 (n.e.c not elsewhere classified)

Automotive skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the East Midlands were:

• Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Welding skills

30

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the East Midlands 94% of employment within the Engineering industry in the East Midlands is full-time. Employment in the region • The East Midlands accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 9% of all

Engineering establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in the East Midlands employs 115,100 people in 6,260

establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment,

aerospace and automotive. • There are above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and

mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain. • 94% of engineering establishments in the East Midlands employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Derby City, Leicester

City, South Derbyshire, Charnwood, Hinckley and Bosworth and Ashfield. Training, skills and recruitment Over 10,200 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the East Midlands during March 2006/7. There were an estimated 1,190 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the East Midlands during 2007, particularly for skilled trades (55%), professionals (17%) and process plant and machine operative (16%) vacancies. The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills. Lack of applicants with required working experience. 11% of engineering employees in the East Midlands have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is need to up skill more than 46,100 people across management and core technical occupations (29% of the current workforce). This represents 5,300 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 4,300 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 7,600 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,800 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 15,100 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

31

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the East Midlands expected skills gaps for operators, technicians and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in

CNC machine operations, Assembly line/production Robotics Materials requirement planning skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

2.14.2 Automotive manufacture East of England East of England Automotive manufacture There were around 13,300 people employed in the automotive sector in the East of England in 2007 in just under 380 companies. This represents about 8% of the GB automotive workforce. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 3,880 employees would be needed in the East of England between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. Top 10 occupations within the East of England within the automotive sector

Occupation

Employment in the East of England Automotive Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

East

of

Engl

and

regi

on.

(A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

the

East

of E

ngla

nd.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,890 2,480 410 23,560 12% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,790 1,750 40 28,500 6% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 1,680 1,460 210 6,120 27% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,480 1,330 150 50,040 3% 2126 Design and development engineers 770 730 40 7,960 10% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 700 550 150 10,150 7% 5215 Welding trades 630 630 10 7,550 8% 5231 Motor mechanics; auto engineers (in manufacturing) 600 590 10 20,550 3% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 600 480 120 18,350 3% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 600 540 60 8,080 7%

Source: Census 2001 (n.e.c not elsewhere classified)

32

Automotive skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the East of England were: • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • CNC Machine Operation • Coach building All engineering manufacturing sectors in the East of England

93% of employment within the Engineering industry in the East of England is full-time.

Employment in the region

• The East of England accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 11% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the East of England employs 116,500 people in 7,890 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, electronics and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the electronics and mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 95% of engineering establishments in the East of England employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Peterborough,

Huntingdonshire, South Cambridgeshire, Luton and Basildon.

Training, skills and recruitment • Over 10,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the East of England

during March 2006/7. There were an estimated 1,650 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the East of England during 2007. There vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (50%) and process plant and machine operatives (14%) vacancies. The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: • Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience. 13% of engineering employees in the East of England have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is need to up skill more than 54,600 people across management and core technical occupations (34% of the current workforce). This represents 9,900 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above. 7,600 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above. 8,800 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,400 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 18,000 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 5,000 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the East of England, to replace those retiring.

33

Skills Gaps • Employers in the East of England expected skills gaps for professionals, skilled trades

(craft) and technicians would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in

Computer aided design (CAD), Tool setting Welding skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills. 2.14.3 Automotive manufacture London London Automotive manufacture There were around 5,800 people employed in the automotive sector in London in 2007 in just under 160 companies. This represents about 4% of the GB automotive workforce. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 1,130 employees would be needed in London between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement.

Top ten occupations within London within the automotive sector

Occupation

Employment in London’s Automotive Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Lond

on

regi

on.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

the

Lond

on re

gion

.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 820 730 90 13,000 6% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 770 670 110 2,960 26% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 500 490 20 16,050 3% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 380 320 70 44,290 1% 5231 Motor mechanics; auto engineers 260 250 10 14,670 2% 5222 Tool makers; tool fitters and markers-out 220 220 0 1,300 17% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 220 190 30 4,890 4% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 190 160 30 6,130 3% 8212 Van drivers 190 170 20 27,390 1% 2126 Design and development engineers 160 150 10 3,940 4%

Source: Census 2001

34

Automotive skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in London were:

• General machining

All engineering manufacturing sectors in London 92% of the Engineering workforce in London is employed on a full-time basis. Employment in the region • London accounts for 3% of all Engineering employment and 7% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in London employs 44,200 people in 4,390 establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, electronics and

mechanical equipment. • 97% of engineering establishments in London employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Barking and Dagenham,

Hillingdon, Ealing and Hounslow. Training and skills and recruitment • Over 3,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in London during March

2006/7. There were an estimated 505 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in London during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (29%) and technicians (22%) vacancies. • The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience. 13% of Engineering employees in London have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 22,300 people across management and core technical occupations (31% of the current workforce) This represents 2,300 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 1,700 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 4,200 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,800 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 3,300 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,200 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the London, to replace those retiring.

35

Skills Gaps • Employers in London expected skills gaps for professionals, technicians and skilled

trades (craft) would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills identified as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at

all levels with the three main skills gaps in: Computer aided design (CAD), materials requirement planning (MRP) general machining. • The generic skills gaps highlighted were Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills

36

2.14.4 Automotive manufacture North East North East Automotive manufacture. There were around 12,100 people employed in the automotive sector in the North East in 2007 in just over 100 companies. This represents about 8% of the GB automotive workforce. Towards the end of 2009 and in early 2010 the North East was chosen for additional funding to support a network of charging points for electric vehicles. It is also expected that the large Nissan plant in the region will be where a new electric car is manufactured. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,560 employees would be needed in the North East between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. Top 10 occupations within the North East within the Automotive Sector

Occupation

Employment in the North East Automotive Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Nor

th

East

. (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e N

orth

Eas

t. Total

Male Female

8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 1,860 1,720 140 3,760 49% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,750 1,510 240 13,370 13% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,560 1,540 10 14,980 10% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,050 910 140 13,520 8% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 730 560 170 6,930 11% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 530 500 30 14,820 4% 3119 Science and Engineering Technicians n.e.c. 430 390 40 8,460 5% 5215 Welding trades 370 370 0 5,010 7% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 320 280 40 3,950 8% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 310 300 10 3,830 8%

Source: Census 2001 Automotive skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the North East were: • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Welding skills

37

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the North East 96% of the Engineering workforce in the North East is employed on a full-time basis. Employment in the region • The North East accounts for 5% of all Engineering employment and 3% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in the North East employs 63,200 people in 2,310

establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, metal products

and automotive. • There are above average concentrations of employment in the automotive and

electronics sectors when compared to Great Britain. • 90% of engineering establishments in the North East employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Newcastle upon Tyne,

Gateshead, Sunderland and Sedgefield. Training and skills and recruitment • Over 6,700 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the North East during

March 2006/7. • There were an estimated 730 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the

North East during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for professionals (39%), skilled trades (32%) and process plant and machine operative (22%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience. 8% of engineering employees in the North East have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 20,700 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

• 1,900 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 1,600 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 4,500 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 5,800 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 6,900 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,850 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the North East, to replace those retiring.

38

Skills Gaps • Employers in the North East expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft), managers and

professionals would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels with the three main skills gaps in: Metal working, Welding Materials requirement planning (MRP) skills. • The generic skills gaps highlighted were: Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

2.14.5 Automotive manufacture North West North West Automotive manufacture. There were around 18,100 people employed in the automotive sector in the North West in 2007 in just over 370 companies. This represents around 12% of the GB automotive workforce Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 5,020 employees would be needed in the North West between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top 10 occupations within the North West within the Automotive Sector

Occupation

Employment in the North West Automotive Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Nor

th

Wes

t. (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e N

orth

Wes

t. Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 3,340 3,040 300 30,370 11% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 2,490 2,270 220 6,540 38% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,930 1,920 10 38,160 5% 5232 Vehicle body builders and repairers 1,290 1,280 10 4,180 31% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,230 1,120 100 51,240 2% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 1,080 920 160 12,740 8% 5215 Welding trades 860 850 10 9,350 9% 9139 Labourers in process & plant operations n.e.c. 710 630 70 18,340 4% 5231 Motor mechanics; auto Engineers 650 640 10 20,330 3% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 590 590 10 24,280 2%

Source: Census 2001

39

Automotive skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the North West were: • General engineering skills • Coach building All engineering manufacturing sectors in the North West 94% of the Engineering workforce in the North West is employed on a full-time basis. Employment in the region • The North West accounts for 11% of all Engineering employment and 11% of all

Engineering establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in the North West employs 143,300 people in 7,620

establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment

and aerospace. • There are above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and marine

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • 94% of engineering establishments in the North West employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Fylde, Knowsley, Crewe

and Nantwich, Stockport, Oldham and Preston. Training and skills and recruitment • Over 9,800 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the North West during

March 2006/7. • There were an estimated 2,100 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the

North West during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (40%) and process plant and machine operative (28%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: • Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience. 9% of engineering employees in the North West have no qualifications. Around 28% of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 52,200 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

• 6,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 7,100 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 11,900 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 12,200 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 14,400 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 5,400 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the North West, to replace those retiring.

40

Skills Gaps • Employers in the North West expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft) and

professionals would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees was technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in: CNC machine operations, Tool setting Welding skills. The generic skills gaps highlighted were Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills.

2.14.6 Automotive manufacture South East South East Automotive manufacture There were around 12,500 people employed in the automotive sector in the South East in 2007 in just over 410 companies. This represents about 8% of the GB automotive workforce. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 830 employees would be needed in the South East between 2007 and 2014, , many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement.

Top Ten occupations within the South East within the automotive sector

Occupation

Employment in the South East Automotive Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Sout

h Ea

st o

f Eng

land

regi

on.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f tot

al

occu

patio

nal e

mpl

oym

ent

in th

e So

uth

East

regi

on

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,750 1,570 180 23,230 8% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,570 1,430 140 82,550 2% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 1,500 1,250 250 6,480 23% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,060 1,030 30 38,060 3% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 810 640 170 17,000 5% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 670 430 240 12,990 5% 5232 Vehicle body builders and repairers 560 560 0 4,080 14% 5231 Motor mechanics; auto engineers 520 510 10 27,400 2% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 520 510 10 7,090 7% 2126 Design and development engineers 480 470 10 11,470 4%

Source: Census 2001

41

Automotive skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the South East were: • CNC Machine Operation

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the South East 93% of the Engineering workforce in the South East is employed on a full-time basis. Employment in the region • The South East accounts for 12% of all Engineering employment and 15% of all

Engineering establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in the South East employs 157,000 people in 10,640

establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are electronics, mechanical equipment and

metal products. • There are above average concentrations of employment in the electronics and electrical

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around West Berkshire,

Basingstoke and Deane, Milton Keynes, Eastleigh, Portsmouth, Crawley and Medway. Training and skills and recruitment • Over 12,400 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the South East during

March 2006/7. • There were an estimated 2,115 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the

South East during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (31%) and skilled trades (26%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: • Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience. 10% of engineering employees in the South East have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill more than 84,500 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

• 13,800 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 12,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 21,500 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 18,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 18,500 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 3,900 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the South East, to replace those retiring.

42

Skills Gaps • Employers in the South East expected skills gaps for professionals, skilled trades (craft)

and technicians would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels, with the three main skill gaps in: • CNC machine operations, • Computer aided design (CAD) • Welding skills. The generic skills gaps highlighted were: Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills

2.14.7 Automotive manufacture South West South West Automotive manufacture There were around 11,300 people employed in the automotive sector in the South West in 2007 in just under 280 companies. This represents about 7% of the GB automotive workforce. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,070 employees would be needed in the South West between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top 10 occupations within the South West within the automotive sector

Occupation

Employment in the South West Automotive Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Sout

h W

est (

All

engi

neer

ing)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

the

Sout

h W

est. Total

Male Female

8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 1,870 1,650 220 6,090 31% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,270 1,140 130 19,650 6% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 800 740 60 40,160 2% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 780 760 20 27,630 3% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 770 640 130 16,760 5% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 510 390 130 11,790 4% 5232 Vehicle body builders and repairers 450 450 10 2,820 16% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 440 430 20 6,200 7% 5231 Motor mechanics; auto engineers 390 380 10 18,700 2% 5215 Welding trades 380 370 10 6,060 6%

Source: Census 2001

43

Automotive skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the South West were: • Assembly line/ production robotics • Craft skills • Electronics • Fabrication • Mechanical fitters • Software Engineering

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the South West 94% of the Engineering workforce in the South West is employed on a full-time basis. Employment in the region • The South West accounts for 8% of all Engineering employment and 9% of all

Engineering establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in the South West employs 129,400 people in 6,470

establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, electronics

and metal products. • There are above average concentrations of employment in the marine and aerospace

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • 94% of engineering establishments in the South West employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Tewkesbury,

Cheltenham, Stroud, South Gloucestershire, Bristol, Swindon, South Somerset, Poole and Plymouth.

Training and skills and recruitment • Over 9,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the South West during

March 2006/7. • There were an estimated 1,530 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the

South West during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (43%) and skilled trades/craft (37%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

44

7% of engineering employees in the South West have no qualifications. About a third of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill around 52,300 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents 4,700 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 7,500 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,900 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,900 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 15,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 3,750 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the South West, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps • Employers in the South West expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft), technicians

and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in: CNC machine operations, Computer aided design (CAD) Computer aided engineering (CAE). • The generic skills gaps highlighted were IT/computer skills Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills.

2.14.8 Automotive manufacture West Midlands. West Midlands Automotive manufacture There were around 39,500 people employed in the automotive sector in the West Midlands in 2007 in just over 550 companies. This is region has the largest number of automotive employees representing 26% of the GB Automotive workforce. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 7,260 employees would be needed in the West Midlands between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

45

Top 10 occupations within the West Midlands within the automotive sector

Occupation

Employment in the West Midlands automotive sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Wes

t M

idla

nds.

(A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e W

est M

idla

nds.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 8,820 7,370 1,450 42,620 21% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 7,700 6,320 1,370 15,710 49% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 4,350 4,240 110 32,190 14% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 3,930 3,640 300 50,640 8% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 3,000 2,800 210 18,570 16% 5215 Welding trades 2,830 2,690 140 13,350 21% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 2,710 2,240 470 22,340 12% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 1,870 1,320 560 13,800 14% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 1,670 1,390 290 11,250 15% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 1,510 1,400 120 47,680 3%

Source: Census 2001

Automotive skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the West Midlands were:

• Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • CNC Machine Operation • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) • Tool setting • Welding skills • Fabrication

46

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the West Midlands 95% of the Engineering workforce in the West Midlands is employed on a full-time basis. Employment in the region • The West Midlands accounts for 17% of all Engineering employment and 15% of all

Engineering establishments in Great Britain. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment

and automotive. • The Engineering industry in the West Midlands employs 213,000 people in 10,430

establishments. • 93% of engineering establishments in the West Midlands employ less than 50 people. • The West Midlands has particular concentrations of employment in the automotive and

metals sectors when compared to the rest of Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Birmingham, Sandwell,

Walsall, Coventry, Dudley and Telford and Wrekin. Training and skills and recruitment • Over 15,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the West Midlands

during March 2006/7. • There were an estimated 3,480 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the

West Midlands during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades (68%) and process plant and machine operatives (18%).

The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience. 17% of engineering employees in the West Midlands have no qualifications. Around 40% of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 110,000 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

15,400 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 5,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,000 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 36,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 39,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 4,700 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the West Midlands, to replace those retiring.

47

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the West Midlands expected that skills gaps for operators and professionals

would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skill given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in: CNC machine operations, Tool setting, Fabrication, Materials requirement planning (MRPII) Welding. • The generic skills gaps highlighted were Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

48

2.14.9 Automotive manufacture Yorkshire and the Humber Yorkshire and the Humber Automotive manufacture There were around 12,900 people employed in the automotive sector in Yorkshire and the Humber in 2007 in just over 310 companies. This represents 8% of the GB automotive workforce. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,900 employees would be needed in Yorkshire and the Humber between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top ten occupations within Yorkshire and the Humber - Automotive sector

Occupation

Employment in Yorkshire and the Humber

Automotive Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Yor

kshi

re

and

the

Hum

ber.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

Yo

rksh

ire a

nd th

e H

umbe

r.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,600 1,480 120 24,660 7% 5232 Vehicle body builders and repairers 1,100 1,100 10 3,470 32% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 880 800 80 25,360 3% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 790 750 40 37,950 2% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 770 760 10 28,150 3% 5315 Carpenters and joiners 520 520 0 22,730 2% 5215 Welding trades 460 460 10 8,060 6% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 440 430 10 7,680 6% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 380 290 100 3,140 12% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations 360 340 20 39,770 1%

Source: Census 2001 Automotive skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in Yorkshire and the Humber were: • CNC Machine Operation • Craft skills • Multi-skills

49

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Yorkshire and the Humber 95% of the Engineering workforce in Yorkshire and the Humber is employed on a full-time basis. Employment in the region

• Yorkshire and the Humber accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 10% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in Yorkshire and the Humber employs 118,900 people in 6,780 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and automotive.

• 98% of engineering establishments in Yorkshire and the Humber employ less than 50 people.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the metals and mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Sheffield, Leeds, Bradford, Kirklees, Rotherham and Kingston upon Hull.

Training and skills and recruitment • Nearly 8,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in Yorkshire and the

Humber during March 2006/7. • There were an estimated 1,650 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in

Yorkshire and the Humber during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (39%) and skilled trades/craft (28%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills General lack of applicants Lack of applicants with required work experience. 10% of engineering employees in Yorkshire and the Humber have no qualifications. Around 28% of those employed in management and core technical occupations are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 40,600 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

3,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 4,600 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 6,300 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 12,100 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 14,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 4,100 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Yorkshire and the Humber, to replace those retiring.

50

Skills Gaps • Employers in Yorkshire and the Humber expected skills gaps for technicians,

professionals and operators would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with three main skills gaps in: CNC machine operations, Materials requirement planning (MRP) General engineering skills. • The generic skills gaps highlighted were Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

51

2.14.10 Automotive manufacture England England Automotive manufacture There were around 138,700 people employed in the automotive sector in the whole England in 2007 employed at just over 2,900 companies. This represents 90% of the GB automotive workforce. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 28,000 employees would be needed in England between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . As can be seen from the table, the majority of people employed in the automotive sector in England are process plant and machine operatives and the second highest are skilled crafts people. The top five occupational groups in the automotive sector account for 36% of the automotive sector workforce in England. Top 10 occupations within England within the automotive sector

Occupation

Employment in England Automotive Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Eng

land

. (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

occ

upat

ion

in

Engl

and.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 24,450 21,210 3,240 214,820 11% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 19,480 16,650 2,830 55,350 35% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 13,910 13,600 310 251,090 6% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 11,860 10,880 980 412,500 3% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 8,560 7,190 1,370 156,290 5% 5215 Welding trades 6,860 6,650 210 66,520 10% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 6,470 6,170 300 65,140 10% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 6,340 4,720 1,620 92,990 7% 5232 Vehicle body builders and repairers 5,540 5,490 40 25,960 21% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 4,650 4,010 640 72,940 6%

Source: Census 2001

Automotive Skill gaps in England.

The automotive sector reported the highest number of skills gaps of all engineering sectors in England. These were mainly in skilled trades such as CNC machining, welding and what is known in the industry as Materials requirement planning, a technique which assists a company in the detailed planning of its manufacturing production.

52

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in England were: • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • CNC Machine Operation • Welding skills • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Assembly line/ production robotics • General engineering skills • Craft skills • Fabrication • Coach building All engineering manufacturing sectors in England A very high proportion of the Engineering workforce in England is employed on a full-time basis, accounting for about 94% of total employment in the industry. • England accounts for 86% of all Engineering employment and 90% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • Based on the Annual Business Inquiry 2006 there are an estimated 1.1 million employees

and over 65,000 employers in the Engineering industry in England3. • 93% of engineering establishments in England employ less than 50 people. Training and skills and recruitment • 11% of engineering employees in England have no qualifications. Around 33% of the

workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly half a million people in England across management and core technical occupations.

This represents: 76,000 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 57,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 96,000 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 132,000 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 135,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above Demographics 82% of the Engineering workforce in England is male. Although women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (29%) and a relatively low proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (12% or less in each case) within England. 4.9% of English residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (3.0%) being Asian or Asian British and 1.0% Black or Black British. This represents a somewhat lower proportion of working Black or Minority Ethnic residents than the average for all employment in England.

3 The Annual Business Inquiry figures on employment excludes those self employed and casual labour, so is likely to under-estimate the total number of people working in the sector.

53

The profile of the Engineering workforce is an ageing one when compared to all sectors in the English economy. 43% of the Engineering workforce in England is aged 45-64 compared with 38% in all sectors in England. This is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

2.14.11 Automotive manufacture Scotland Scotland Automotive manufacture There were around 3,600 people employed in the automotive sector in Scotland in 2007 in just over 110 companies. This represents 2% of the GB automotive workforce. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 260 automotive employees would be needed in Scotland between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top Ten Occupations within the Scotland (Automotive)

Occupation

Employment in Scotland Automotive Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Sco

tland

. (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

Sc

otla

nd.

Total Male Female 5232 Vehicle body builders and repairers 770 770 0 2,910 27% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 520 450 70 18,410 3% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 350 340 10 26,120 1% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 330 310 20 33,660 1% 5215 Welding trades 200 200 0 7,350 3% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 200 200 0 4,370 5% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 200 190 10 29,420 1% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 180 140 40 3,950 4% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 160 130 30 13,190 1% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 140 70 70 12,680 1%

Source: Census 2001 Automotive Skill gaps in Scotland.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in Scotland were: • Tool setting • Manufacturing

54

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Scotland 95% of employment within the Engineering industry in Scotland is full-time. This proportion of full-time employment is similar across all Engineering sectors in Scotland and is similar to the proportion of full time workers in engineering in Great Britain. • Scotland accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 6% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in Scotland employs around 94,600 people in 6,090

establishments. • 91% of engineering establishments in Scotland employ less than 50 people. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are electronics, metal products and

mechanical equipment. • There are particular concentrations of employment in the marine and electronics

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around the City of Glasgow, Fife,

South Lanarkshire, the City of Aberdeen, North Lanarkshire and West Lothian. Training and skills and recruitment 9% of engineering employees in Scotland have no qualifications. Around 24% of the current workforce in management and core technical occupations is under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly 29,000 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

900 Managers requiring development to SVQ Level 3 and above 5,700 Professional Engineers requiring development to SVQ Level 4 and above 6,400 Technicians requiring development to SVQ Level 4 and above 7,500 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to SVQ Level 3 and above 8,400 Operators requiring development to SVQ Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,600 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Scotland, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in Scotland expected skills gaps for professionals to have the most significant effect on their business

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Computer aided design (CAD) Materials requirement planning (MRPII).

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) IT/computer skills Management skills Marketing or selling skills

55

Demographics

81% of the Engineering workforce in Scotland is male.

Women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, although there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (31%). The proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (12% and 11% respectively) on the other hand is extremely low within Scotland.

Based on data from the Census 2001, 6% of Scotland’s Engineering workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in the nation, and marginally lower than the figure for the UK.

0.8% of Scotland residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being Asian or Asian British and Chinese or ‘other’ ethnic group (0.3%). This represents a somewhat lower proportion of working Black or Minority Ethnic residents than the average for all employment in the Scottish economy.

The profile of the Engineering workforce is an ageing one when compared to all sectors in the Scottish economy. 42% of the Engineering workforce in Scotland is aged 45-64 compared with 38% in all sectors in Scotland. This is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

56

2.14.12 Automotive manufacture Wales Wales Automotive manufacture There were around 12,100 people employed in the automotive sector in Wales in 2007 in just under 190 companies. This represents 8% of the GB automotive workforce. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,610 automotive employees would be needed in Wales between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top Ten Occupations within Wales (Automotive)

Occupation

Employment in Wales Automotive Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Wal

es.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Aut

omot

ive

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

Wal

es.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,800 2,370 430 15,550 18% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,680 1,250 430 20,560 8% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 1,460 1,220 240 4,530 32% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 950 930 20 18,480 5% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 790 590 200 7,750 10% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 650 620 30 3,300 20% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 640 590 50 17,120 4% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 350 260 100 4,740 7% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 330 320 10 15,000 2% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 320 320 * 10,260 3%

Source: Census 2001 Automotive Skill gaps in Wales.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in Wales were: • Computer Aided Design (CAD)

57

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Wales 97% of employment within the Engineering industry in Wales is full-time. This proportion of full-time employment is similar across all Engineering sectors in Wales and is similar to the proportion of full time workers in engineering in Great Britain. • Wales accounts for 6% of all Engineering employment and 4% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in Wales employs 79,600 people in 4,940 establishments. • 91% of engineering establishments in Wales employ less than 50 people. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are automotive, basic metals, mechanical

equipment and aerospace. • There are particular concentrations of employment in the basic metals and aerospace

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Flintshire, Neath Port

Talbot, Newport, Rhondda, Cynon and Taff, Bridgend and Wrexham. Training and skills and recruitment 11% of engineering employees in Wales have no qualifications. Around 29% of the current workforce in management and core technical occupations is under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly 27,900 people across management and core technical occupations

This represents

• 2,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 2,200 Professional Engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above • 4,200 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 6,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 12,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 2,000 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Wales, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in Wales expected skills gaps for professionals to have the most significant effect on their business

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels, with the three main technical skills gaps in:

Computer aided design (CAD) CNC machine operations and tool setting.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) IT/computer skills Management skills Marketing or selling skills

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Demographics 84% of the Engineering workforce in Wales is male.

Women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, although there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment sector (32%). The proportion of females working within the metals (11%) automotive (11%) and other transport equipment sectors (8%) is extremely low within Wales.

Based on data from the Census 2001, 7% of the Welsh Engineering industry workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in Wales and the UK.

1.1% of Welsh residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being Asian or Asian British, Mixed (0.3%) and Chinese or ‘other’ ethnic group (0.3%). This broadly mirrors the position within all sectors within Wales, although there are a slightly higher proportion of Asian or Asian British workers in Wales as a whole.

40% of the Engineering workforce in Wales is aged 45-64 compared with 39% across all sectors in the Welsh economy. This profile is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

2.14.13 Automotive manufacture Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Automotive manufacture There were around 3,400 people employed in the automotive sector in Northern Ireland in 20074 representing about 2% of the UK Automotive workforce. Whilst some occupations and employment within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 840 employees would be needed in Northern Ireland between 2005 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement.

Top Ten Occupations within Northern Ireland (Automotive)

Occupation

Employment in Northern Ireland Automotive Sector

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8125 Metal working machine operatives 580 520 60 6,960 8% 5232 Vehicle body builders and repairers 540 540 <10 1,190 46% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives 340 220 130 3,510 10% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 320 310 <10 10,040 3% 5215 Welding trades 270 270 0 3,590 8% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 160 100 70 960 17% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 150 140 10 8,220 2% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations 140 110 20 5,930 2% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations 90 90 <10 8,540 1% 8114 Chemical and related process operatives 80 70 20 2,650 3%

Source: Census 2001

4 Source: Northern Ireland Census of Employment 2007, NISRA

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All engineering manufacturing sectors in Northern Ireland 96% of the Engineering workforce is employed on a full-time basis. • Northern Ireland accounts for 3% of all UK Engineering employment and 2.5% of all UK

Engineering establishments. • The Engineering industry in Northern Ireland employs over 33,200 people (39,600

including self employed and casual labour) in 1,780 establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are the electrical and electronics sector

and the metals sectors. • Northern Ireland has above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and

electronics sectors when compared to the UK. • 95% of establishments employ less than 50 people. Training and skills and recruitment • Over 2,500 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in Northern Ireland

between March 2006 and 2007. • There were an estimated 535 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in

Northern Ireland during 2006. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (56%) and professional occupations (16%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills, Lack of applicants with required work experience General lack of applicants. 13% of engineering employees in Northern Ireland have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill more than 14,000 people across management and core technical occupations: This represents:

950 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 150 Professional Engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 1,650 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above `3,300 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 8,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,350 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Northern Ireland, to replace those retiring.

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Skills Gaps • Employers in Northern Ireland expected skills gaps for operators, craftspersons and

technicians would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the main technical skills gaps in: Welding, CNC machine operations, Mechanical engineering skills, Metalworking Electrical engineering skills. • The generic skills gaps highlighted were Management skills Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Marketing or selling skills Demographics 82% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is male. Although women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, 18% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is female, mirroring the figure for the UK as a whole. There is a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (28%) which traditionally has a concentration of women employed in assembly roles. The predominance of women in these roles could increasingly become an issue if the engineering manufacturing sector maintains the trend of moving assembly type occupations to countries where labour is cheaper. There are a relatively low proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (10-11%) within Northern Ireland. Based on data from the NI Census 2001, 6% of Northern Ireland Engineering industry workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in Northern Ireland and the UK. 0.5% of Northern Ireland residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or minority ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being classified as Chinese or ‘Other’ ethnic group. Only 32% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is aged 45-64 compared with 42% of the UK Engineering workforce. Although Engineering in Northern Ireland has a relatively low age profile, in the longer term the age profile of the workforce could be an issue if not enough young people are recruited into the industry (only 12% of the current Engineering workforce is aged 16-24 years old).

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3. Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture 3.1 A brief description of what the electronics and electrical equipment sectors covers

at GB and UK level The Electronics and electrical sectors are grouped together since the employment and workplace data for the England regions and the Nations cannot always be quoted separately for electrical equipment manufacture and electronics manufacture. Electronics Electronics is one of the principal branches of electrical engineering and electronics companies include those that are involved in the business of creating, designing, producing and selling electronic systems, components and equipment such as semi-conductors, communications technology, consumer electronics, computers and other IT equipment. The UK electronics industry is worth approximately £23 billion a year and is now the fifth largest in the world in terms of production. The majority of electronics employers are small, with 91% of all UK sites employing fewer than 50 people. Only 2% of all UK electronics sites employ 200 people or more.

Workplaces and employment in electronics

There were nearly 10,800 electronics workplaces in Great Britain in 2006/2007. These companies employed in the region of 185,600 people with 82% of the workforce in England, 12% in Scotland and 6% in Wales. The greatest concentration of employment in the electronics industry within Great Britain are in the South East, East of England, Scotland and the South West. Number employed in the electronics industry in GB Nation or Region Number

employed Percentage of GB electronics workforce

England 153,400 82% Scotland 21,900 12% Wales 10,300 6% Total GB 185,600 100% England regions East of England 26,300 14% East Midlands 10,700 6% London 8,700 5% North East 3,800 2% North West 13,300 7% South East 44,800 24% South West 21,000 11% West Midlands 15,200 8% Yorkshire and The Humber 9,600 5% Source ABI 2007 (NB percentages may not equal 100% due to rounding) Electronics industry in Northern Ireland See section 3.15.13 electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Northern Ireland

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Electrical equipment manufacture

Companies involved in the manufacture, design and development of electrical equipment

include those that produce: • electric motors, generators and transformers • electricity distribution and control apparatus, insulated wire and cable • office machinery: photocopiers, cash registers and computer equipment • television and radio receivers, sound or video recording equipment

Workplaces and employment in electrical equipment manufacture. There were nearly just over 5,600 electrical equipment manufacture workplaces in Great Britain in 2006/2007, These companies employed in the region of 108,800 people with 87% of the workforce in England, 7% in Wales, and 6% in Scotland. The greatest concentration of employment in the electrical equipment industry in Great Britain are in the South East of England and the West Midlands.

Number employed in the electrical equipment industry in GB Nation or Region Number

employed Percentage of GB automotive workforce

England 94,600 87% Scotland 6,400 6% Wales 7,800 7% Total GB 108,800 100% England regions East of England 10,100 9% East Midlands 10,500 10% London 4,600 4% North East 6,400 6% North West 11,900 11% South East 17,700 16% South West 11,700 11% West Midlands 11,200 10% Yorkshire and The Humber 10,500 10% source ABI 2007 (NB percentages may not equal 100% due to rounding)

Electrical equipment industry in Northern Ireland

See section 3.15.13 electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Northern Ireland

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Main technical and engineering skills gaps in the electronics and electrical equipment industry. The main skills gaps for the electronics and electrical equipmentaut industry in the UK reported by engineering employers during the 2007 labour market survey (base of 700 engineering employers) are:

Computer Aided Design (CAD) CNC Machine Operation Assembly line/ production robotics Electronics Electrical engineering Further details for each Nation and English region are provided in each section.

Demographics. Gender Only 19% of the UK Engineering workforce is female and this proportion has not varied much in the last 10 years. .The percentage of 19% is for women employed in all occupations in the engineering manufacturing sectors including assembly type occupations, office staff and sales and marketing. For employment in technical, professional and management roles, women are particularly under represented with women making up only 17% of all engineering management roles and 7% of professional roles. Age The ageing of the current workforce is an issue for many employers with skilled and experienced workers reaching retirement age and a need to replace them with other skilled craft, technical and professional workers. Further demographic details are included in the following sections 3.14.10 electronics and electrical equipment manufacture England 3.14.11 electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Scotland 3.14.12 electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Wales 3.14.13 electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Northern Ireland

3.2 Information on careers available and new emerging jobs in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture, transferability of skills career paths and opportunities for progression

a) Careers currently available There are a wide range of career options within the electronics and electrical equipment manufacturing sectors these include skilled craft jobs such as maintenance engineers who have background, knowledge and experience in problem solving, practical skills and expertise in electronics and electrical circuitry and installation. Professional occupations such as electronics engineer, and design engineer will be people whose studies have usually involved a university degree. The technician and professional engineering roles are important in these sectors since they are fast moving and competitive industries relying on the latest research, testing, design and development.

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Other roles within the sector will involve all the people needed to assemble and machine components, manage and run the business including sales and marketing, departmental and team managers, product development, accounts, stores people, people that package or prepare the products for delivery and those that ensure that everything operates efficiently with the minimum amount of waste and cost. Self employment and part time working in the UK 91% of the electronics workforce work full time 9% of the electronics workforce work part time 92% of the electrical equipment workforce work full time 8% of the electrical equipment workforce work part time Self employment in engineering is quite a low percentage, around 6% for all engineering occupations as shown in the table below. Managers and senior officials and people working in skilled trades have slightly higher percentages of people being self employed. Due to the number of micro companies, there may be more self employment for managers who actually own those companies. Table showing percentage employment status for all engineering Employment status main job (reported) Major occupation group (main job)

Employee Self employed

Government scheme

Unpaid family worker

Total

1 Managers and Senior Officials

91% 9% 0% 0% 100%

2 Professional occupations 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%3 Associate Professional and Technical

97% 3% 0% 0% 100%

4 Administrative and Secretarial

96% 4% 0% 0% 100%

5 Skilled Trades Occupations 91% 9% 0% 0% 100%6 Personal Service Occupations

100% 0% 0% 0% 100%

7 Sales and Customer Service Occupations

96% 2% 1% 1% 100%

8 Process, Plant and Machine Operatives

99% 1% 0% 0% 100%

9 Elementary Occupations 96% 4% 0% 0% 100%Total 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%Source LFS 2008 data

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Major Job roles in the electronics and electrical equipment industry include the following,

Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Professional occupations Design Engineer Electrical Engineer Electronics Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer Quality Control Inspector Associate professional and technical occupations Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Electronics Assembler Engineering Operative Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations

b) New and emerging jobs

The electronics and electrical equipment industry is extremely fast moving and competitive. Research and development of new products and getting them quickly into the markets is key to the success of many manufacturers. There are constant efforts to make the most of new technologies and the demand for short design cycles and short manufacturing cycles requires an increasingly greater breadth of skills for scientists, engineers and designers that enter the industry. This breadth of skills will need to include an understanding of manufacturing process improvement and business improvement to increase efficiency and save on time and costs in the workplace. Future developments are predicted to include even greater use of electronics technology in medical applications both for diagnosing and monitoring illness and for use in lifesaving and life enhancing operations. This will require engineers and scientists that can have an understanding of the potential for using new technologies in health and medicine.

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Other future developments are predicted to be in the renewable energy products, improved batteries and power sources for vehicles as well as increasingly sophisticated warning and detection technology for the defence industries. Following the introduction of the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) in 2007 electronics and electrical manufacturers became responsible for financing the collection, treatment, and recovery of waste electrical and electronic equipment. This means that there are likely to be increasingly more roles emerging in the near future for people who are skilled at designing and running manufacturing departments with consideration for how a product will be recycled at the end of its life as well as being able to design products and manufacturing processes that minimise wastage during manufacturing or make it easier to dismantle or recycle parts of a product when it reaches the end of its useful life. c) Transferability of skills within the electronics and electrical equipment sector. Elementary occupations Those employed in these roles may have skills in using specialist lifting and transport/storage equipment, knowledge of different types of materials that are moved around the company. Some may have experience of completing stock sheets or component lists or completing forms to sign in or take out specialist equipment. Some may have undergone health and safety training for lifting and transporting materials and safe working practices in a manufacturing production area. Most if not all of these skills would be relevant to all sectors within engineering manufacture. Process, plant and machine operatives People in these types of roles would be familiar with completing forms and documents relating to the number and types of product assembled or completed by them in their work, some of this recording is likely to be carried out on a computer database. Health and safety training is likely to have been undertaken and understanding of safe working practices would be transferable across all sectors. Attention to detail when assembling or machining products and visual checking to ensure that faulty items from the machine are not sent to the next stage of assembly or manufacture will be part of most roles within this category and would be transferable across all sectors. Some people employed within these roles may have received specialist training using particular machines or processes such as soldering or electronic component assembly for example. Skilled trades occupations Most people employed in these roles will have undertaken an apprenticeship and a period of practical experience combined with further studies in some cases. They may be skilled in a particular area such as maintenance but they will all have skills related to understanding and interpreting drawings and diagrams, communicating and working as part of a larger team and often health and safety in the workplace knowledge and experience.

Some employees in this group may have skills in setting, programming or using modern numerically controlled machine tools or specialist diagnostic and laboratory equipment all very desirable and transferable skills to other engineering sectors.

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Associate professional and technical occupations People in these job roles will have similar practical transferable skills to those in skilled trades occupations but they may have greater responsibility for identifying, organising and using resources effectively, completing tasks whilst considering the cost, quality, safety and environmental impact. They will have the ability to apply their mathematical and scientific knowledge when undertaking their work and may often need to work without close supervision accepting responsibility for the work of themselves and others. These skills are transferable across all engineering sectors.

Professional occupations Professional engineers will usually have a background and degree in a particular engineering discipline and many of these engineering disciplines are transferable across all engineering sectors. Transferable skills would include the ability to organise ideas, produce comprehensive reports, work in teams as part of the day to day operating of the organisation, problem solving, costing solutions, responsibility, involvement in decision making, planning, project and time management skills and the use of specialist computer and software packages to carry out various activities.

Managers and senior officials A level of experience is expected from these roles and transferable skills to other engineering sectors would be those of team and department leadership, decision making, understanding of production and manufacturing costs, planning and funding.

d) Career paths and opportunities for progression. There are many opportunities to develop and progress in an engineering career. The ‘Engineering Planner’ was devised by Semta to provide useful information about qualifications and levels of responsibility for particular job roles and act as guidance for people wanting to progress to different roles through training and further study.

See the engineering planner: See separate progression section in each job title description

3.3 Information on pay scales in the electronics and electrical equipment sector

Pay scales for all of these roles will vary depending on the amount of experience the employee has, the level of responsibility and where the work is based geographically, so pay scales given are based on estimates from a number of sources. Also bear in mind that many large engineering manufacturing companies may offer incentives for those working shifts or nights.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager The starting salary for new graduates or those new to the role is around £19,000 to £23,000. An experienced production manager may earn on average around £38,500. Some managers with high levels of responsibility earn more than £56,000 a year.

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Professional occupations Design Engineer Starting salaries for new graduates may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced design engineers can earn on average around £35,000 or more, depending on their professional status. Senior design engineers may earn around £45,000 or more. Electrical Engineer Starting salaries for new graduates may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced electrical engineers may earn on average around £42,000. Chartered professional electrical engineers in senior roles may earn more than £50,000. Electronics Engineer Starting salaries for new graduates may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced electronics engineers may earn around £42,000. Chartered professional electronics engineers in senior roles may earn more than £50,000. Mechanical Engineer Starting salaries for graduate engineers may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced mechanical engineers can earn around £38,000 or more, depending on their professional status and experience. Chartered mechanical engineers in senior roles may earn around £45,000 or more depending on their levels of responsibility. Production Engineer Salaries for production engineers new to the role can start at around £23,000 a year. Production engineers with experience earn around £33,000 on average. Some production engineers with high levels of responsibility can earn over £44,000 per year. Associate professional and technical occupations Engineering Maintenance Technician The starting salary for an engineering maintenance technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced engineering maintenance technician may earn around £30,000 a year. The most experienced technicians with high levels of responsibility can earn over £38,000. Laboratory Technician Salaries for those new to the role may start at around £10,500. Experienced laboratory technicians earn around £20,000 on average. Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £30,000 per year. Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Starting salaries for stores assistants are from £10,000 to £14,000 a year. An experienced person could earn £17,500 a year on average. Stores managers can earn over £25,000.

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Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Newly-qualified craft machinists may earn around £18,000 a year and the average for an experienced machinist is around £26,000. Senior machinists with higher levels of responsibility or those working shifts and overtime may earn over £30,000 a year. Engineering Maintenance Fitter Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. The average pay for an engineering maintenance fitter is around £27,000. Highly-skilled and experienced maintenance fitters may earn over £40,000. Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Salaries start at around £11,500 a year. Experienced assemblers earn an average of £17,00 although this can be higher with shiftwork and overtime. Some assemblers with additional responsibilities may earn over £25,000. Electronics Assembler New electronics assemblers may earn around £10,500 a year. Experienced assemblers may earn between £13,500 and £17,000. The highest salaries may be around £20,000 a year with overtime and shift work. Engineering Operative Starting salaries may be around £12,500 a year. Starting salaries for Apprentices may range from around £8,000 to £10,000 a year. Experienced engineering operatives may earn up to £21,000 a year on average although this could be more for those working shifts and overtime. The most skilled and experienced operatives with management responsibilities may earn £28,000 or more with overtime and piecework.

Quality Control Inspector Salaries for quality control inspectors may start at around £13,000 a year. With some experience, an inspector may earn around £20,000. Inspectors with wider responsibilities may earn over £28,000 and, in certain industries (such as the aerospace sector), as much as £35,000.

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Foundry process operators may earn in the range of £13000 to over £20,000 a year but they can earn more than this if working shifts or overtime.

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3.4 Information on entry requirements and application processes for electronics and

electrical equipment manufacture.

Job types fall into the following categories; • Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Administrative and secretarial occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about application processes and further sources of assistance are provided under each of these headings.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of an Honours Degree graduate or equivalent. • Internal promotion of Senior Team Leader. • External recruitment of an experienced Manager. • Advancement from the Advanced Apprenticeship or Higher Apprenticeship. • It may be possible to start in other areas of manufacturing and progress to supervisor and then manager.

Vacancies are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies are often used to secure staff for roles at this level and internal promotion and recruitment is also a method of recruitment and development.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below

http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and Computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Electronics or http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Electrical Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and job seeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.electronicsweekly.com/jobs/default.aspx Electronics weekly jobs

New graduates may find the following sources useful

http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites.

Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking.

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Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities.

The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

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Professional occupations

Design Engineer Electrical Engineer Electronics Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer Quality Control Inspector Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of a graduate or equivalent • External recruitment of Professional Engineer • Advancement from the Advanced Apprenticeship or Higher Apprenticeship.

Vacancies are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies are often used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Craftspeople and technicians may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and Computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Electronics or http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Electrical Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.electronicsweekly.com/jobs/default.aspx Electronics weekly jobs New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites. Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

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Associate professional and technical occupations Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of an Engineering Technician • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

Vacancies for experienced technicians are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies may be used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Apprentices may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working and sometimes may be enrolled on a scheme that ensures their opportunity to progress to this type of role.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and Computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Electronics or http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Electrical Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.electronicsweekly.com/jobs/default.aspx Electronics weekly jobs Those with a particular interest in laboratory technician work may find the following sources useful http://www.labnewsjobs.co.uk/ Laboratory news http://www.newscientist.com/ New Scientist New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites. Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

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Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of school/college leaver to serve an Apprenticeship • External recruitment of an experienced stock controller/stores assistant Vacancies advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers. Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or adult employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of skilled Craftspeople • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

Adults seeking to progress from an operative role to an advanced apprenticeship leading to a skilled craft role, should speak to someone in their company responsible for training or human resources. School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website

Vacancies for experienced craftspeople are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies may be used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and Computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Electronics or http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Electrical Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.electronicsweekly.com/jobs/default.aspx Electronics weekly jobs

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Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Electronics Assembler Engineering Operative

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Apprenticeship. • External recruitment of a trained Operative or assembler • Advancement from the Young Apprenticeship School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website

Vacancies may be advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers.

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • External recruitment of an experienced labourer. • External recruitment of a person who will undertake further training. Vacancies may be advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers.

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3.5 Qualifications in the electronics and electrical equipment manufacturing sector

Job types fall into the following categories; • Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Administrative and secretarial occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about qualifications are provided under each of these headings.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Qualifications –

• Often have a degree, this may be in an engineering discipline or in a subject specific to management or production management.

• May have a higher national certificate/diploma (HNC/HND) combined with extensive working experience such as having completed an advanced apprenticeship.

• Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

Professional occupations

Design Engineer Electrical Engineer Electronics Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer Quality Control Inspector

Qualifications –

• Would usually have a degree in an engineering specific discipline but it may be in a subject specific to a physical science such as physics or chemistry.

• Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

• Particular levels of study would be required for professional engineers seeking to become a chartered or incorporated engineer and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council. (ECUK)

77

Associate professional and technical occupations

Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician

Qualifications -

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Some technician apprentices first study full time for Level 3 qualifications, such as A levels, BTEC National Diplomas or Certificates, or City & Guilds awards.

• Particular levels of experience and study would be required by those seeking professional registration as engineering technicians ( EngTech) and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council Engineering Technician page. (ECUK)

Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Qualifications

• There are often no formal academic qualifications required to work in this role although English, maths and ICT skills are an advantage.

• Some stores assistants are required to have a driving licence and be qualified to drive a fork-lift truck whereas others may have qualifications related to the use of lifting equipment or health and safety certificates.

Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter

Qualifications

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least

four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Many will have work based competencies at level 3 in subjects such as electrical or electronic engineering, electronics or electrical servicing or engineering maintenance, etc.

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Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Electronics Assembler Engineering Operative

Qualifications

• When entering this career through an apprenticeship, GCSE grades D to G or

equivalent are required although some employers will require levels of skills using IT mean that higher grades at GCSE will become increasingly prevalent.

• Some people working in specialised jobs may have work-based competence - N/SVQ Levels 1and 2 in subjects such as Performing engineering operations, certificate in electronics or qualifications related to safe working practices.

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Qualifications

• There are often no formal academic qualifications required to work in this role although English, maths and ICT skills are an advantage.

• Some labourers may be qualified to drive a fork-lift trucks whereas others may have qualifications related to the use of lifting equipment or health and safety certificates.

•

3.6 Electronics and electrical equipment Data on employment and labour market trends and forecasts for electrical and electronics manufacturing.

The current view

In the political and financial climate of early to late 2009 there were many news stories regarding the manufacturing industry both globally and in the UK. Some companies outsourced large quantity assembly and manufacturing processes to sites outside of the UK reducing the number of jobs available to assembly and craft skilled workers although much high level development and specialist manufacture is still carried out at companies across the UK. It is not an easy task to accurately predict what might happen in the electronics and electrical equipment sectors but it should be noted that many companies are involved in trying to reduce costs without closing their businesses completely and whilst press stories often focus on redundancy numbers, these do not always fully represent the situation for the way in which the employer is managing the challenges which may be through improving production methods, short closures, adapting working times or upgrading skills. At this current time it is not possible to predict the long term figures for company requirements for numbers of employees, but it is considered that the approach taken by many of the lead manufacturers will lead to employment opportunities for skilled and experienced workers as the economic climate improves.

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3.7 Skill shortages

All sectors in the economy face major skill challenges as the nature of work alters and global competition intensifies although the pace of change is likely to be particularly rapid within most parts of the Engineering industry. Those in the workforce with no qualifications are likely to face particular challenges

Detailed information for each region and nation are included in the following sections. 3.14.1 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture East Midlands. 3.14.2 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture East of England 3.14.3 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture London 3.14.4 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture North East 3.14.5 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture North West 3.14.6 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture South East 3.14.7 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture South West 3.14.8 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture West Midlands.

3.14.9 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Yorkshire and the Humber

3.14.10 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture England 3.14.11 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Scotland 3.14.12 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Wales 3.14.13 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Northern Ireland

3.8 Information on opportunities for adults changing career direction

At the craft, technician, professional and management occupational levels there are opportunities for people who hold relevant degrees, Further Education qualifications or other industry recognised certificates and who have working experience in an engineering environment.

Employers identified the main skills and occupations needed in the future:

Management level: Strategic management skills, Leadership skills, Supply chain management skills, Entrepreneurial skills,

Production planning skills General management skills.

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Professional level: Design engineers, Electronics engineers, Software engineers Production engineers, particularly for research and development activities. Intermediate/technician level: Good technical skills combined with team leadership and forward planning skills.

Although some operator and assembly jobs in high volume electronics and electrical equipment manufacturing companies are being outsourced to Eastern Europe and the Far East, there are still employment opportunities due to retirement of current employees. Whilst formal qualifications are not always required for these roles, transferable skills such as team working, an ability to follow diagrams and instructions, basic mathematical understanding and practical skills are all relevant to people wishing to transfer to these occupations.

3.9 Entry or transfer into the electrical and electronics sector from another area/sector. The technical nature or practical experience required to work in the craft, technician, professional and management occupations means that those without the relevant qualifications or experience will need to consider courses and training relevant to the role they wish to pursue. Where formal qualifications or skills for operator or assembly job roles are required, the careers services can assist in advising on courses and qualifications that may be available locally. Where formal qualifications and experience are not required, application through agencies and direct to the employer are recommended. 3.10 Job profiles Major Job roles in the electronics and electrical equipment industry include the following, Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles. Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager Professional occupations Design Engineer Electrical Engineer Electronics Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer Quality Control Inspector Associate professional and technical occupations Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant

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Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Electronics Assembler Engineering Operative Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations

3.11 Case studies electrical and electronics occupations.

Jobs4U Case studies Assembly Operator Steven Pascall Engineering maintenance fitter Stephen Blake Mechanical engineering technician Kieran Jordan Sub-Assembly Test Process Support Engineer Jeff Bowden

Also see the working in series electrical and electronic engineering.

3.12 FAQs Q) I am currently working as an assembly worker in an electronics manufacturing company and would be very interested in finding where I could get information and advice about improving my skills and learning, where should I start? A) A good place to start is by speaking with your company union representative to see if they will know of any schemes or opportunities that are promoted by your employer. Your company may have a Union Learn representative http://www.unionlearn.org.uk/about/index.cfm If not, then make initial enquiries with your HR department. Q) What career opportunities are there in the electronics and electrical equipment industries? A) The industry is very fast moving and competitive and there are many opportunities for people who can combine practical skills with creative thinking and an interest in science and the way things work. Many craftspeople, professional engineers and engineering technicians are needed in companies that are involved in research and development of all kinds of products from must have gadgets and communication technology to electronic equipment used in hospitals to help monitor or even diagnose medical conditions. Q) I have read in the news that a lot of manufacturing has been outsourced to companies in the far east, are there still jobs in this sector in the UK? A) Whilst it is true that some work that involves mass production and assembly has been contracted to companies in the far east, there are many companies in the UK that are involved in the research and development for the sector and who manufacture, test and develop many new products. Jobs in the management, professional, technician and craft levels are available and many companies need machine operators and assembly staff as existing staff retire.

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3.13 Sources of additional information. Specific to electronics and electrical equipment engineering.

• The institution of engineering technology electronics news pages. http://kn.theiet.org/electronics/

• The institution of engineering technology, control news pages http://kn.theiet.org/control

Covers all engineering, technology and science.

• Engineering Diploma Development Partnership, c/o Semta, the Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies, Second Floor, Weston House, 246 High Holborn, London WC1V 7EX. 020 7269 9840. Website: www.engineeringdiploma.com

• Engineering & technology careers & news from the Engineering and Technology Board (ETB) website http://www.scenta.co.uk and http://www.enginuity.org.uk

• Futuremorph, Science Council Careers Website http://www.futuremorph.org/ • Inside Careers http://www.insidecareers.co.uk • New Outlooks in Science and engineering http://www.noisemakers.org.uk/index.cfm • Science, So What? So Everything DirectGov website

http://sciencesowhat.direct.gov.uk/ • Semta Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing

Technologies http://www.semta.org.uk • UK resource centre for women in science, engineering and

technology.http://www.ukrc4setwomen.org/

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3.14 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Regional and National

Information

3.14.1 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture East Midlands.

East Midlands Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture

There were around 10,700 people employed in just over 710 electronics companies and 10,500 people in just over 500 electrical equipment manufacture companies in the East Midlands in 2007. This represents 6% of the total GB electronics workforce and 10% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 4,680 employees will be needed in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture in the East Midlands between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top 10 occupations within the East Midlands within the electronics and electrical equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in the East Midlands electrical and

electronic sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

East

M

idla

nds

regi

on

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Elec

tron

ics

and

elec

tric

al

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion.

in th

e Ea

st

Mid

land

s re

gion

Total

Male Female

1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 2,810 2,500 310 40,810 7% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,150 1,540 610 24,370 9% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 1,670 860 820 2,690 62% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,280 1,120 160 28,560 4% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,180 1,120 60 27,370 4% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 1,160 1,120 40 15,450 7% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 1,140 460 690 4,550 25% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 970 510 460 18,490 5% 3542 Sales representatives 780 540 240 22,430 3% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 770 140 630 55,100 1%

Source: Census 2001 (n.e.c not elsewhere classified)

Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the East Midlands were:

• Assembly line/ production robotics • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Sign making

84

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the East Midlands.

94% of employment within the Engineering industry in the East Midlands is full-time.

Employment in the region • The East Midlands accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 9% of all

Engineering establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in the East Midlands employs 115,100 people in 6,260

establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment,

aerospace and automotive. • There are above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and

mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain. • 94% of engineering establishments in the East Midlands employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Derby City, Leicester

City, South Derbyshire, Charnwood, Hinckley and Bosworth and Ashfield. Training, skills and recruitment Over 10,200 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the East Midlands during March 2006/7. There were an estimated 1,190 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the East Midlands during 2007, particularly for skilled trades (55%), professionals (17%) and process plant and machine operative (16%) vacancies. The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills. Lack of applicants with required working experience. 11% of engineering employees in the East Midlands have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is need to up skill more than 46,100 people across management and core technical occupations (29% of the current workforce). This represents 5,300 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 4,300 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 7,600 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,800 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 15,100 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

85

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the East Midlands expected skills gaps for operators, technicians and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in CNC machine operations, Assembly line/production Robotics Materials requirement planning skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills 3.14.2 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture East of England East of England Electroncis and electrical equipment manufacturie. There were around 26,300 people employed in just over 1,430 companies in the electronics sector and 10,100 in just under 710 companies in the electrical equipment sector in the East of England in 2007. This represents 14% of the GB electronics workforce and 9% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 11,220 employees will be needed in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture in the East of England between 2007 and 2014 , many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top 10 occupations within the East of England within the Electrical and Electronic sector

Occupation

Employment in the East of England Electrical and

Electronic Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

East

of

Engl

and

regi

on.

(A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Elec

tron

ics

and

elec

tric

al

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in th

e Ea

st o

f En

glan

d.

Total

Male Female

1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 5,080 4,490 590 50,040 10% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,800 1,940 860 23,560 12% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 2,380 980 1,400 3,590 66% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 2,210 1,860 360 39,630 6% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 2,050 660 1,400 6,120 34% 3119 Science and engineering technicians n.e.c. 1,600 1,340 260 19,680 8% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,580 1,460 120 28,500 6% 2132 Software professionals 1,520 1,410 110 27,200 6% 5249 Electrical/electronics engineers n.e.c. 1,390 1,310 80 11,300 12% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,370 650 720 18,350 7%

Source: Census 2001

86

Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the East of England were:

• Computer Aided Design (CAD) • General Engineering skills • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Craft skills • General machining • Sign making

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the East of England 93% of employment within the Engineering industry in the East of England is full-time.

Employment in the region

• The East of England accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 11% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the East of England employs 116,500 people in 7,890 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, electronics and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the electronics and mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 95% of engineering establishments in the East of England employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Peterborough,

Huntingdonshire, South Cambridgeshire, Luton and Basildon.

Training, skills and recruitment

• Over 10,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the East of England during March 2006/7.

There were an estimated 1,650 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the East of England during 2007. There vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (50%) and process plant and machine operatives (14%) vacancies.

The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

• Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience.

13% of engineering employees in the East of England have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is need to up skill more than 54,600 people across management and core technical occupations (34% of the current workforce).

This represents

9,900 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above. 7,600 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above. 8,800 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,400 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 18,000 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 5,000 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the East of England, to replace those retiring.

87

Skills Gaps • Employers in the East of England expected skills gaps for professionals, skilled trades

(craft) and technicians would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in Computer aided design (CAD), Tool setting Welding skills. • The generic skills gaps highlighted were Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills. 3.14.3 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture London London electronics and electrical equipment manufacture

There were around 8,700 people employed in just over 1,210 companies in the electronics sector and 4,600 in just over 480 companies in the electrical equipment sector in London in 2007. This represents 5% of the GB electronics workforce and 4% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,120 employees will be needed in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture in London between 2005 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top ten occupations within London within the Electrical and Electronic sector

Occupation

Employment in London’s Electrical and Electronic

Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Lon

don

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Elec

tron

ics

and

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tric

al

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in L

ondo

n.

Total

Male Female

1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 2,690 2,240 450 44,290 6% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,290 980 310 61,620 2% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,180 870 310 13,000 9% 2132 Software professionals 1,000 890 110 50,930 2% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 960 260 700 2,960 32% 3542 Sales representatives 850 540 310 34,320 2% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 840 350 490 1,420 59% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 830 790 40 16,050 5% 5249 Electrical/electronics engineers n.e.c. 820 780 40 10,180 8% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 660 140 520 103,940 1%

Source: Census 2001

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Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in London were: • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Welding skills • Electronics • General machining

All engineering manufacturing sectors in London

92% of the Engineering workforce in London is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• London accounts for 3% of all Engineering employment and 7% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in London employs 44,200 people in 4,390 establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, electronics and

mechanical equipment. • 97% of engineering establishments in London employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Barking and Dagenham,

Hillingdon, Ealing and Hounslow.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 3,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in London during March 2006/7.

There were an estimated 505 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in London during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (29%) and technicians (22%) vacancies.

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

13% of Engineering employees in London have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 22,300 people across management and core technical occupations (31% of the current workforce)

This represents

2,300 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 1,700 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 4,200 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,800 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 3,300 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,200 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the London, to replace those retiring.

89

Skills Gaps

• Employers in London expected skills gaps for professionals, technicians and skilled trades (craft) would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills identified as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels with the three main skills gaps in:

Computer aided design (CAD), materials requirement planning (MRP) general machining.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills 3.14.4 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture North East

North East electronics and electrical equipment manufacture There were around 3,800 people employed in the electronics sector in just under 260 companies and 6,400 in just under 190 companies in the electrical equipment sector in the North East in 2007. This represents 2% of the GB electronics workforce and 6% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,360 employees will be needed in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture in the North East between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top ten occupations within the North East within the Electrical and Electronic Sector

Occupation

Employment in the North East Electrical and Electronic Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Nor

th

East

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Elec

tron

ics

and

elec

tric

al

% o

f all

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in th

e N

orth

Ea

st.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,420 1,720 700 13,370 18% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 1,420 740 680 1,880 76% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,420 750 660 13,520 10% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 1,140 550 590 6,930 16% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,080 970 110 14,820 7% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 730 710 20 14,980 5% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 680 660 20 9,720 7% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 520 230 290 3,760 14% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 430 290 140 3,950 11% 3119 Science and Engineering Technicians n.e.c. 420 340 80 8,460 5%

Source: Census 2001

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Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the North East were:

• Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Manufacturing • Sign making • Radio Frequency Engineering

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the North East

96% of the Engineering workforce in the North East is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The North East accounts for 5% of all Engineering employment and 3% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the North East employs 63,200 people in 2,310 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, metal products and automotive.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the automotive and electronics sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 90% of engineering establishments in the North East employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Newcastle upon Tyne,

Gateshead, Sunderland and Sedgefield.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 6,700 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the North East during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 730 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the North East during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for professionals (39%), skilled trades (32%) and process plant and machine operative (22%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience. 8% of engineering employees in the North East have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 20,700 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

• 1,900 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 1,600 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 4,500 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 5,800 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 6,900 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,850 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the North East, to replace those retiring.

91

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the North East expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft), managers and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels with the three main skills gaps in:

Metal working, Welding Materials requirement planning (MRP) skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were:

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

3.14.5 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture North West North West electronics and electrical equipment manufacture

There were around 13,300 people employed in 1,000 companies in the electronics sector and 11,900 in 620 companies in the electrical equipment sector in the North West in 2007. This represents 7% of the GB electronics workforce and 11% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 8,870 employees will be needed in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture in the North West between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within the North West within the Electrical and Electronic Sector

Occupation

Employment in the North West Electrical and Electronic Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Nor

th W

est (

All

engi

neer

ing

)

Elec

tron

ics

and

elec

tric

al %

of a

ll en

gine

erin

g em

ploy

ees

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Nor

th W

est.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 3,500 2,600 900 30,370 12% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 3,420 3,030 390 51,240 7% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 2,330 930 1,400 3,540 66% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,720 1,450 270 38,730 4% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,580 1,500 80 38,160 4% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 1,570 1,490 70 24,280 6% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 1,330 480 860 6,540 20% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 1,320 660 660 12,740 10% 3542 Sales representatives 1,220 820 390 33,680 4% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 1,120 700 420 10,400 11%

Source: Census 2001

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Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the North West were:

• Electronics • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • CNC Machine Operation

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the North West 94% of the Engineering workforce in the North West is employed on a full-time basis. Employment in the region • The North West accounts for 11% of all Engineering employment and 11% of all

Engineering establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in the North West employs 143,300 people in 7,620

establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment

and aerospace. • There are above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and marine

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • 94% of engineering establishments in the North West employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Fylde, Knowsley, Crewe

and Nantwich, Stockport, Oldham and Preston. Training and skills and recruitment • Over 9,800 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the North West during

March 2006/7. • There were an estimated 2,100 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the

North West during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (40%) and process plant and machine operative (28%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: • Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience. 9% of engineering employees in the North West have no qualifications. Around 28% of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 52,200 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

• 6,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 7,100 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 11,900 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 12,200 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 14,400 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 5,400 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the North West, to replace those retiring.

93

Skills Gaps • Employers in the North West expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft) and

professionals would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees was technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Tool setting Welding skills. The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills.

3.14.6 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture South East South East electronics and electrical equipment manufacture

There were around 44,800 people employed in 2,170 companies in the electronics sector and 17,700 in 1,010 companies in the electrical equipment sector in the South East in 2007. This region has the highest percentages of people employed in the electronics and electrical equipment sectors. The employment represents 24% of the GB electronics workforce and 16% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 7,800 employees will be needed in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture in the South East between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top ten occupations within the South East within the Electrical and Electronic sector

Occupation

Employment in the South East Electrical and Electronic

Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Sout

h Ea

st (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Elec

tron

ics

and

elec

tric

al

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in th

e So

uth

East

. Total

Male Female

1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 8,580 7,480 1,100 82,550 10% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 4,920 3,990 930 80,190 6% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 3,380 1,600 1,780 5,330 63% 2132 Software professionals 3,240 2,920 320 53,570 6% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 2,640 1,040 1,600 12,990 20% 3542 Sales representatives 2,590 1,510 1,080 49,650 5% 3119 Science and engineering technicians n.e.c. 2,520 2,060 460 27,790 9% 5249 Electrical/electronics engineers n.e.c. 2,360 2,260 100 16,970 14% 2126 Design and development engineers 2,330 2,180 150 11,470 20% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,320 1,980 340 23,230 10%

Source: Census 2001

94

Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the South East were:

• Computer Aided Design (CAD) • CNC Machine Operation • General Engineering skills • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Welding skills • Electronics • Software Engineering

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the South East

93% of the Engineering workforce in the South East is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The South East accounts for 12% of all Engineering employment and 15% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the South East employs 157,000 people in 10,640 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are electronics, mechanical equipment and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the electronics and electrical sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around West Berkshire, Basingstoke and Deane, Milton Keynes, Eastleigh, Portsmouth, Crawley and Medway.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 12,400 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the South East during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 2,115 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the South East during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (31%) and skilled trades (26%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

• Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience. 10% of engineering employees in the South East have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill more than 84,500 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

• 13,800 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 12,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 21,500 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 18,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 18,500 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 3,900 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the South East, to replace those retiring.

95

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the South East expected skills gaps for professionals, skilled trades (craft) and technicians would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels, with the three main skill gaps in:

• CNC machine operations, • Computer aided design (CAD) • Welding skills.

The generic skills gaps highlighted were:

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills

3.14.7 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture South West South West electronics and electrical equipment manufacture

There were around 21,000 people employed in around 965 companies in the electronics sector and 11,700 in 525 companies in the electrical equipment sector in the South West in 2007. This represents 11% of the GB electronics workforce and 11% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 4,960 employees will be needed in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture in the South West between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top ten occupations within the South West within the Electrical and Electronic sector

Occupation

Employment in the South West Electrical and Electronic

Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

empl

oyed

in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e So

uth

Wes

t (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Elec

tron

ics

and

elec

tric

al

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in th

e So

uth

Wes

t.

Total

Male Female

1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 3,740 3,290 450 40,160 9% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 2,160 970 1,200 6,090 36% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 2,120 930 1,190 11,790 18% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 2,040 1,050 990 3,100 66% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,870 1,430 440 19,650 9% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,780 1,020 750 16,760 11% 2132 Software professionals 1,480 1,340 140 21,680 7% 3119 Science and engineering technicians n.e.c. 1,460 1,220 240 15,760 9% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,410 1,220 190 26,910 5% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,230 1,130 110 27,630 4%

Source: Census 2001

96

Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the South West were:

• Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Assembly line/ production robotics • CNC Machine Operation • Tool setting • Mechanical Engineering

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the South West

94% of the Engineering workforce in the South West is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The South West accounts for 8% of all Engineering employment and 9% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the South West employs 129,400 people in 6,470 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, electronics and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the marine and aerospace sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 94% of engineering establishments in the South West employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Tewkesbury,

Cheltenham, Stroud, South Gloucestershire, Bristol, Swindon, South Somerset, Poole and Plymouth.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 9,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the South West during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 1,530 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the South West during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (43%) and skilled trades/craft (37%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience. 7% of engineering employees in the South West have no qualifications. About a third of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill around 52,300 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents 4,700 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 7,500 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,900 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,900 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 15,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 3,750 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the South West, to replace those retiring.

97

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the South West expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft), technicians and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Computer aided design (CAD) Computer aided engineering (CAE).

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

IT/computer skills Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills.

3.14.8 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture West Midlands. West Midlands electronics and electrical equipment manufacture

There were around 15,200 people employed in just under 900 companies in the electronics sector and 11,200 in just under 615 companies in the electrical equipment sector in the West Midlands in 2007. This represents 8% of the GB electronics workforce and 10% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,580 employees will be needed in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture in the West Midlands between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top ten occupations within the West Midlands within the electrical and electronic sector

Occupation

Employment in the West Midlands electrical and

electronic sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Wes

t M

idla

nds

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Elec

tron

ics

and

elec

tric

al

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in W

est

Mid

land

s.

Total

Male Female

1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 3,483 3,076 407 50,644 7% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,687 1,843 844 42,617 6% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 2,417 1,158 1,259 4,038 60% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 2,331 718 1,613 15,712 15% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,498 1,262 236 32,606 5% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 1,349 550 799 13,800 10% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,347 1,244 103 32,189 4% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 1,271 1,215 56 18,802 7% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,173 711 462 22,342 5% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 1,128 731 397 11,254 10%

Source: Census 2001

98

Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the West Midlands were:

• Electronics • Electrical Engineering • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • CNC Machine Operation • General Engineering skills • Metal workers

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the West Midlands

95% of the Engineering workforce in the West Midlands is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The West Midlands accounts for 17% of all Engineering employment and 15% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and automotive.

• The Engineering industry in the West Midlands employs 213,000 people in 10,430 establishments.

• 93% of engineering establishments in the West Midlands employ less than 50 people. • The West Midlands has particular concentrations of employment in the automotive and

metals sectors when compared to the rest of Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Birmingham, Sandwell,

Walsall, Coventry, Dudley and Telford and Wrekin.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 15,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the West Midlands during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 3,480 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the West Midlands during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades (68%) and process plant and machine operatives (18%).

The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience. 17% of engineering employees in the West Midlands have no qualifications. Around 40% of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 110,000 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

15,400 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 5,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,000 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 36,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 39,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 4,700 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the West Midlands, to replace those retiring.

99

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the West Midlands expected that skills gaps for operators and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skill given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Tool setting, Fabrication, Materials requirement planning (MRPII) Welding.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

3.14.9 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Yorkshire and the Humber Yorkshire and the Humber Automotive manufacture

There were around 9,600 people employed in just over 720 companies in the electronics sector and 10,500 in just over 440 companies in the electrical equipment sector in Yorkshire and the Humber in 2007. This represents 5% of the GB electronics workforce and 10% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 6,130 employees will be needed in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture in Yorkshire and the Humber between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within Yorkshire and the Humber - Electrical and Electronics Sector

Occupation

Employment in Yorkshire and the Humber Electrical

and Electronic Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Yor

kshi

re

and

the

Hum

ber.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Elec

tron

ics

and

elec

tric

al %

al

l eng

inee

ring

empl

oyee

s in

this

occ

upat

ion

in

York

shire

and

the

Hum

ber. Total

Male Female

1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 2,190 1,950 240 37,950 6% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,860 1,410 450 24,660 8% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 1,410 780 640 2,200 64% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,110 940 170 27,560 4% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 1,070 1,030 50 18,750 6% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 980 950 20 28,150 3% 3542 Sales representatives 830 570 250 23,960 3% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 760 410 350 25,360 3% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 750 320 430 8,480 9% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 680 300 380 3,140 22%

Source: Census 2001

100

Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in Yorkshire and the Humber were: • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Statistical Process Control (SPC) • Craft skills • Fabrication • Manufacturing • Radio Frequency Engineering All engineering manufacturing sectors in Yorkshire and the Humber 95% of the Engineering workforce in Yorkshire and the Humber is employed on a full-time basis. Employment in the region

• Yorkshire and the Humber accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 10% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in Yorkshire and the Humber employs 118,900 people in 6,780 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and automotive.

• 98% of engineering establishments in Yorkshire and the Humber employ less than 50 people.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the metals and mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Sheffield, Leeds, Bradford, Kirklees, Rotherham and Kingston upon Hull.

Training and skills and recruitment • Nearly 8,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in Yorkshire and the

Humber during March 2006/7. • There were an estimated 1,650 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in

Yorkshire and the Humber during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (39%) and skilled trades/craft (28%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills General lack of applicants Lack of applicants with required work experience.

101

10% of engineering employees in Yorkshire and the Humber have no qualifications. Around 28% of those employed in management and core technical occupations are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 40,600 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

3,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 4,600 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 6,300 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 12,100 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 14,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 4,100 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Yorkshire and the Humber, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps • Employers in Yorkshire and the Humber expected skills gaps for technicians,

professionals and operators would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with three main skills gaps in: CNC machine operations, Materials requirement planning (MRP) General engineering skills. • The generic skills gaps highlighted were Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

102

3.14.10 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture England England Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture. There were around 153,700 people employed in 9,370 companies in the electronics sector and 94,600 in 5,100 companies in the electrical equipment sector in the whole of England in 2007. This represents 82% of the GB electronics workforce and 87% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Whilst the sector is decreasing in size, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 50,860 employees would be needed in England between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within England within the Electrical and Electronic sector

Occupation

Employment in England Electrical and Electronic Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Eng

land

(A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Elec

tron

ics

and

elec

tric

al

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in E

ngla

nd.

Total

Male Female

1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 33,080 29,030 4,050 412,500 8% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 20,790 15,330 5,460 214,820 10% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 17,900 8,440 9,460 27,770 64% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 15,840 13,150 2,680 345,230 5% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 13,360 4,990 8,370 55,350 24% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 11,800 5,090 6,720 92,990 13% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 11,590 10,910 690 251,090 5% 2132 Software professionals 10,610 9,660 950 230,890 5% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 10,380 5,760 4,630 156,290 7% 3542 Sales representatives 9,860 6,350 3,510 256,350 4% Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in England were: • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Assembly line/ production robotics • CNC Machine Operation • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Electronics • General engineering skills

103

All engineering manufacturing sectors in England A very high proportion of the Engineering workforce in England is employed on a full-time basis, accounting for about 94% of total employment in the industry. • England accounts for 86% of all Engineering employment and 90% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • Based on the Annual Business Inquiry 2006 there are an estimated 1.1 million employees

and over 65,000 employers in the Engineering industry in England5. • 93% of engineering establishments in England employ less than 50 people. Training and skills and recruitment • 11% of engineering employees in England have no qualifications. Around 33% of the

workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly half a million people in England across management and core technical occupations.

This represents: 76,000 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 57,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 96,000 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 132,000 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 135,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above Skills Gaps Engineering establishments in England were most likely to report skill gaps in skilled trades (8% of establishments), process plant and machine operative occupations and administrative and secretarial occupations (7% of establishments in each case). • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the four main skills gaps in: CNC Machine Operation, Computer Aided Design (CAD), Welding skills Assembly line/production robotics.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

5 The Annual Business Inquiry figures on employment excludes those self employed and casual labour, so is likely to under-estimate the total number of people working in the sector.

104

Demographics 82% of the Engineering workforce in England is male. Although women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (29%) and a relatively low proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (12% or less in each case) within England. 4.9% of English residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (3.0%) being Asian or Asian British and 1.0% Black or Black British. This represents a somewhat lower proportion of working Black or Minority Ethnic residents than the average for all employment in England. The profile of the Engineering workforce is an ageing one when compared to all sectors in the English economy. 43% of the Engineering workforce in England is aged 45-64 compared with 38% in all sectors in England. This is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

105

3.14.11 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Scotland Scotland Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture. There were around 21,900 people employed in about 590 companies in the electronics sector and 6,400 in just over 280 companies in the electrical equipment sector in Scotland in 2007. This represents 12% of the GB electronics workforce and 6% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Both the electronics and electrical equipment sectors in Scotland are decreasing in size. Before the recent economic situation it was estimated that around 1,190 people per year would be needed in these sectors in Scotland between 2005 and 2014 to replace those that were retiring. Top 10 occupations within Scotland within the Electrical and Electronic sector

Occupation

Employment in Scotland Electrical and Electronic

Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Sco

tland

. (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Elec

tron

ics

and

elec

tric

al

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in S

cotla

nd.

Total Male Femal

e 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 5,580 2,430 3,150 12,680 44% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 3,410 2,910 500 33,660 10% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,970 2,070 900 18,410 16% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 2,630 1,390 1,240 3,590 73% 3119 Science and engineering technicians n.e.c. 2,590 2,180 410 19,200 13% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 2,480 1,170 1,310 3,950 63% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,680 1,560 120 26,120 6% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 1,640 940 700 7,740 21% 8129 Plant and machine operatives n.e.c. 1,450 730 720 6,210 23% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,410 860 550 13,190 11%

Source: Census 2001 Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in Scotland were: • Electrical Engineering • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • CNC Machine Operation • Mechanical Engineering • Sign making

106

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Scotland 95% of employment within the Engineering industry in Scotland is full-time. This proportion of full-time employment is similar across all Engineering sectors in Scotland and is similar to the proportion of full time workers in engineering in Great Britain. • Scotland accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 6% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in Scotland employs around 94,600 people in 6,090

establishments. • 91% of engineering establishments in Scotland employ less than 50 people. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are electronics, metal products and

mechanical equipment. • There are particular concentrations of employment in the marine and electronics

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around the City of Glasgow, Fife,

South Lanarkshire, the City of Aberdeen, North Lanarkshire and West Lothian. Training and skills and recruitment 9% of engineering employees in Scotland have no qualifications. Around 24% of the current workforce in management and core technical occupations is under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly 29,000 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

900 Managers requiring development to SVQ Level 3 and above 5,700 Professional Engineers requiring development to SVQ Level 4 and above 6,400 Technicians requiring development to SVQ Level 4 and above 7,500 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to SVQ Level 3 and above 8,400 Operators requiring development to SVQ Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,600 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Scotland, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in Scotland expected skills gaps for professionals to have the most significant effect on their business

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Computer aided design (CAD) Materials requirement planning (MRPII).

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) IT/computer skills Management skills Marketing or selling skills

107

Demographics

81% of the Engineering workforce in Scotland is male.

Women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, although there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (31%). The proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (12% and 11% respectively) on the other hand is extremely low within Scotland.

Based on data from the Census 2001, 6% of Scotland’s Engineering workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in the nation, and marginally lower than the figure for the UK.

0.8% of Scotland residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being Asian or Asian British and Chinese or ‘other’ ethnic group (0.3%). This represents a somewhat lower proportion of working Black or Minority Ethnic residents than the average for all employment in the Scottish economy.

The profile of the Engineering workforce is an ageing one when compared to all sectors in the Scottish economy. 42% of the Engineering workforce in Scotland is aged 45-64 compared with 38% in all sectors in Scotland. This is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

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3.14.12 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Wales

Wales Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture There were around 10,300 people employed in around 410 companies in the electronics sector and 7,800 employed in around 200 companies in the electrical equipment sector in Wales in 2007. This represents 6% of the GB electronics workforce and 6% of the GB electrical equipment workforce. Whilst the sector is decreasing in size, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 4,380 employees would be needed in Wales between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within Wales within the Electrical and Electronic sector

Occupation

Employment in Wales Electrical and Electronic

Sector

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Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 3,520 2,420 1,100 15,550 23% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 3,150 1,630 1,530 20,560 15% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,640 1,440 200 17,120 10% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 1,520 690 830 2,040 74% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 1,480 660 810 7,750 19% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 1,460 630 830 4,530 32% 3119 Science and engineering technicians n.e.c. 1,170 990 190 9,500 12% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 920 560 360 4,740 19% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 920 860 60 18,480 5% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 710 640 70 15,000 5%

Source: Census 2001

Electronics and electrical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in Wales were: • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • CNC Machine Operation • Electronics • Electrical Engineering

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All engineering manufacturing sectors in Wales 97% of employment within the Engineering industry in Wales is full-time. This proportion of full-time employment is similar across all Engineering sectors in Wales and is similar to the proportion of full time workers in engineering in Great Britain. • Wales accounts for 6% of all Engineering employment and 4% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in Wales employs 79,600 people in 4,940 establishments. • 91% of engineering establishments in Wales employ less than 50 people. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are automotive, basic metals, mechanical

equipment and aerospace. • There are particular concentrations of employment in the basic metals and aerospace

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Flintshire, Neath Port

Talbot, Newport, Rhondda, Cynon and Taff, Bridgend and Wrexham. Training and skills and recruitment 11% of engineering employees in Wales have no qualifications. Around 29% of the current workforce in management and core technical occupations is under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly 27,900 people across management and core technical occupations

This represents

• 2,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 2,200 Professional Engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above • 4,200 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 6,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 12,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 2,000 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Wales, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in Wales expected skills gaps for professionals to have the most significant effect on their business

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels, with the three main technical skills gaps in:

Computer aided design (CAD) CNC machine operations and tool setting.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) IT/computer skills Management skills Marketing or selling skills

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Demographics 84% of the Engineering workforce in Wales is male.

Women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, although there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment sector (32%). The proportion of females working within the metals (11%) automotive (11%) and other transport equipment sectors (8%) is extremely low within Wales.

Based on data from the Census 2001, 7% of the Welsh Engineering industry workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in Wales and the UK.

1.1% of Welsh residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being Asian or Asian British, Mixed (0.3%) and Chinese or ‘other’ ethnic group (0.3%). This broadly mirrors the position within all sectors within Wales, although there are a slightly higher proportion of Asian or Asian British workers in Wales as a whole.

40% of the Engineering workforce in Wales is aged 45-64 compared with 39% across all sectors in the Welsh economy. This profile is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

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3.14.13 Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Electronics and electrical equipment manufacture There were around 5,600 people employed in the electronics sector and 3,900 in electrical equipment in Northern Ireland in 20076. This represented 3% of the UK electronics workforce and 3% of the UK electrical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a requirement of 340 employees per year would be needed in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture in Northern Ireland between 2005 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top Ten Occupations within Northern Ireland (Electrical and Electronic)

Occupation

Employment in Northern Ireland Electrical and

Electronic Sector

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Total

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8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,85

0 1,140 710 6,960 27% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives 770 380 390 3,510 22% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 630 550 90 8,220 8% 3119 Science and Engineering technicians 410 370 40 4,210 10% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 390 370 20 10,040 4% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations 370 200 170 5,930 6% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 360 330 30 7,540 5% 8131 Assemblers (electrical products) 320 180 140 520 61% 8114 Chemical and related process operatives 320 150 160 2,650 12% 5249 Electrical/electronics Engineers 300 270 30 2,300 13%

Source: NI Census 2001

6 Source: Northern Ireland Census of Employment 2007, NISRA

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All engineering manufacturing sectors in Northern Ireland 96% of the Engineering workforce is employed on a full-time basis. • Northern Ireland accounts for 3% of all UK Engineering employment and 2.5% of all UK

Engineering establishments. • The Engineering industry in Northern Ireland employs over 33,200 people (39,600

including self employed and casual labour) in 1,780 establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are the electrical and electronics sector

and the metals sectors. • Northern Ireland has above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and

electronics sectors when compared to the UK. • 95% of establishments employ less than 50 people.

Training and skills and recruitment • Over 2,500 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in Northern Ireland

between March 2006 and 2007. • There were an estimated 535 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in

Northern Ireland during 2006. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (56%) and professional occupations (16%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills, Lack of applicants with required work experience General lack of applicants. 13% of engineering employees in Northern Ireland have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill more than 14,000 people across management and core technical occupations: This represents:

950 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 150 Professional Engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 1,650 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above `3,300 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 8,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,350 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Northern Ireland, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps • Employers in Northern Ireland expected skills gaps for operators, craftspersons and

technicians would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the main technical skills gaps in: Welding, CNC machine operations, Mechanical engineering skills, Metalworking Electrical engineering skills.

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• The generic skills gaps highlighted were Management skills Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Marketing or selling skills Demographics 82% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is male. Although women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, 18% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is female, mirroring the figure for the UK as a whole. There is a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (28%) which traditionally has a concentration of women employed in assembly roles. The predominance of women in these roles could increasingly become an issue if the engineering manufacturing sector maintains the trend of moving assembly type occupations to countries where labour is cheaper. There are a relatively low proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (10-11%) within Northern Ireland. Based on data from the NI Census 2001, 6% of Northern Ireland Engineering industry workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in Northern Ireland and the UK. 0.5% of Northern Ireland residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or minority ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being classified as Chinese or ‘Other’ ethnic group. Only 32% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is aged 45-64 compared with 42% of the UK Engineering workforce. Although Engineering in Northern Ireland has a relatively low age profile, in the longer term the age profile of the workforce could be an issue if not enough young people are recruited into the industry (only 12% of the current Engineering workforce is aged 16-24 years old).

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4.Mechanical equipment Manufacture 4.1 A brief description of what the sub-sector covers at UK and GB level

The mechanical equipment manufacturing sector include companies involved in the manufacture of turbines, such as jet aircraft engines, gears and compressors, known as machinery for the production and use of mechanical power, machine tools like lathes and milling machines used in factories and toolrooms, weapons and ammunition, and companies involved in manufacturing domestic appliances such as washing machines. The mechanical equipment sector is made up of many Small and Medium Sized Employers, each one employing less than 250 people, The sector is very important with some parts of the mechanical equipment sector being an essential part of supply chains as subcontractors for the aerospace, automotive and shipbuilding sectors., for this reason, the sector can be dependant upon the success of other industries. Workplaces and employment There were nearly 13,770 mechanical equipment workplaces in Great Britain in 2006/2007. These companies employed in the region of 270,900 people with 89% of the workforce in England, 4% in Wales and 7% in Scotland. (See separate data for Northern Ireland)

The greatest concentrations of employment in the mechanical equipment industry within GB are in the West Midlands, South East and East of England.

Number employed in mechanical equipment manufacturing in GB Nation or Region Number

employed Percentage of GB electronics workforce

England 240,500 89%Scotland 19,900 7%Wales 10,500 4%Total GB 270,900 100% England regions East of England 31,100 11%East Midlands 25,400 9%London 8,500 3%North East 15,800 6%North West 31,200 12%South East 34,900 13%South West 26,200 10%West Midlands 41,200 15%Yorkshire and The Humber 26,200 10%Source ABI 2007 (NB percentages may not equal 100% due to rounding)

Mechanical equipment manufacturing in Northern Ireland See section 4.14.13 mechanical equipment manufacturing in Northern Ireland

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Main technical and engineering skills gaps in the Mechanical equipment industry. The main skills gaps for the mechanical equipment industry reported by engineering employers in the UK during the 2007 labour market survey (base of 700 engineering employers) are: CNC Machine Operation Tool Setting Welding skills General engineering skills Computer Aided Design (CAD) Further details for each Nation and English region are provided in each section. Demographics. Gender Only 19% of the UK Engineering workforce is female and this proportion has not varied much in the last 10 years. .The percentage of 19% is for women employed in all occupations in the engineering manufacturing sectors including assembly type occupations, office staff and sales and marketing. For employment in technical, professional and management roles, women are particularly under represented with women making up only 17% of all engineering management roles and 7% of professional roles. Age The ageing of the current workforce is an issue for many employers with skilled and experienced workers reaching retirement age and a need to replace them with other skilled craft, technical and professional workers. Further demographic details are included in the following sections 4.14.10 mechanical equipment manufacture England 4.14.11 mechanical equipment manufacture Scotland 4.14.12 mechanical equipment manufacture Wales 4.14.13 mechanical equipment manufacture Northern Ireland

4.2 Information on careers available and new emerging jobs in mechanical equipment manufacture, transferability of skills career paths and opportunities for progression

a) Careers currently available There are a wide range of career options within the mechanical equipment manufacturing sector these include labouring and machine operator jobs as well as job roles on the production line fitting components to products such as turbines or mechanical engine components as they are assembled. The sector employs many people working in skilled craft jobs such as welding, toolmaking and maintenance who have background, knowledge and experience in problem solving, practical skills and expertise in using a range of tools, equipment and machinery as well as being able to interpret drawings and diagrams.

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Roles for science and engineering technicians are often difficult to fill for employers since often they require people not only with practical expertise and training but with a thorough understanding of mathematics and science having studied at HNC/HND level. People in these occupations may be involved in working on research and development activities with professional engineers to solve problems, use new technology and materials and improve current manufacturing methods. Professional occupations such as mechanical engineer, and design engineer will be people whose studies have usually involved a university degree although graduates in other disciplines such as aeronautical engineering or physics may also be recruited into professional occupations in the sector. Other roles within the mechanical equipment sector will involve all the people needed to manage and run the business including sales and marketing, departmental and team managers, product development, accounts, stores people, people that package or prepare the vehicles for delivery and those that ensure that everything operates efficiently with the minimum amount of waste and cost. Self employment and part time working 91% of the automotive workforce work full time.7 9% of the automotive workforce work part time Self employment in engineering is quite a low percentage, around 6% for all engineering occupations as shown in the table below. Managers and senior officials and people working in skilled trades have slightly higher percentages of people being self employed. Due to the number of micro companies, there may be more self employment for managers who actually own those companies. Table showing percentage employment status for all engineering Employment status main job (reported) Major occupation group (main job)

Employee Self employed

Government scheme

Unpaid family worker

Total

1 Managers and Senior Officials

91% 9% 0% 0% 100%

2 Professional occupations 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%3 Associate Professional and Technical

97% 3% 0% 0% 100%

4 Administrative and Secretarial

96% 4% 0% 0% 100%

5 Skilled Trades Occupations 91% 9% 0% 0% 100%6 Personal Service Occupations

100% 0% 0% 0% 100%

7 Sales and Customer Service Occupations

96% 2% 1% 1% 100%

8 Process, Plant and Machine Operatives

99% 1% 0% 0% 100%

9 Elementary Occupations 96% 4% 0% 0% 100%Total 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%Source LFS 2008 data

7 2008 LFS data

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Major Job roles in the mechanical equipment industry include the following,

Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Professional occupations Design Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer Associate professional and technical occupations Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Mechanical Engineering Technician

Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Sheet Metal Worker Welder Toolmaker

Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Engineering Operative Quality Control Inspector

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations

b) New and emerging jobs

The saving of energy and production of products that result in less pollution in the atmosphere are likely to be the focus of Government, EU and world legislation. In the mechanical equipment sector, the development and use of new alloys and composite materials that are light but incredibly strong for uses in for example the manufacture of turbine blades in both wind turbines and jet engines are likely to already be at the research and development stage. Machine tools that can produce fast prototype components from a computer based drawing are already a reality and many large manufacturing plants are already moving towards the use of more robotic and computer controlled assembly and production systems. Even household appliances such as washing machines are being developed to wash efficiently with less water and run on colder and shorter wash cycles. As with most modern engineering manufacture, in addition to the development of the products and components themselves there will be developments in the design and manufacturing processes to make material and energy use more efficient, minimise waste and reduce the time taken to get a new product from the idea stage to manufacture and sales. .

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To meet such changes, there are likely to be roles in the near future for people who are skilled at designing and running manufacturing departments with consideration for how a product will be recycled at the end of its life as well as being able to design products and manufacturing processes that minimise wastage in the amounts of material used in making the vehicle or its components. Rapid prototyping will become even more prevalent, where computer drawings and designs are converted to a 3D model using something similar to a photocopier that works in three dimensions. There are likely to be roles for people who are involved in developing and producing prototypes using software to virtually test and explore new products and components. It is likely that graduates of the future will need some multidisciplinary understanding of both mechanical and electronic systems. There are also likely to be roles for managers and experts with knowledge of manufacturing process improvement and business improvement to increase efficiency and save on time and costs in the workplace. c) Transferability of skills within the mechanical equipment sector Elementary occupations Those employed in these roles may have skills in using specialist lifting and transport/storage equipment, knowledge of different types of materials that are moved around the company. Some may have experience of completing stock sheets or component lists or completing forms to sign in or take out specialist equipment. Some may have undergone health and safety training for lifting and transporting materials and safe working practices in a manufacturing production area. Most if not all of these skills would be relevant to all sectors within engineering manufacture. Process, plant and machine operatives People in these types of roles would be familiar with completing forms and documents relating to the number and types of product assembled or completed by them in their work, some of this recording is likely to be carried out on a computer database. Health and safety training is likely to have been undertaken and understanding of safe working practices would be transferable across all sectors. Attention to detail when assembling or machining products and visual checking to ensure that faulty items from the machine are not sent to the next stage of assembly or manufacture will be part of most roles within this category and would be transferable across all sectors. Some people employed within these roles may have received specialist training using particular machines or processes such as welding or using a lathe or other machine tool for example.

Skilled trades occupations Most people employed in these roles will have undertaken an apprenticeship and a period of practical experience combined with further studies in some cases. They may be skilled in a particular area such as maintenance or toolmaking but they will all have skills related to understanding and interpreting drawings and diagrams, communicating and working as part of a larger team and often health and safety in the workplace knowledge and experience. Some employees in this group may have skills in setting, programming or using modern numerically controlled machine tools or specialist diagnostic equipment all very desirable and transferable skills to other engineering sectors.

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Associate professional and technical occupations People in these job roles will have similar practical transferable skills to those in skilled trades occupations but they may have greater responsibility for identifying, organising and using resources effectively, completing tasks whilst considering the cost, quality, safety and environmental impact. They will have the ability to apply their mathematical and scientific knowledge when undertaking their work and may often need to work without close supervision accepting responsibility for the work of themselves and others. These skills are transferable across all engineering sectors.

Professional occupations Professional engineers will usually have a background and degree in a particular engineering discipline and many of these engineering disciplines are transferable across all engineering sectors. Transferable skills would include the ability to organise ideas, produce comprehensive reports, work in teams as part of the day to day operating of the organisation, problem solving, costing solutions, responsibility, involvement in decision making, planning, project and time management skills and the use of specialist computer and software packages to carry out various activities. Managers and senior officials A level of experience is expected from these roles and transferable skills to other engineering sectors would be those of team and department leadership, decision making, understanding of production and manufacturing costs, planning and funding. d) Career paths and opportunities for progression. There are many opportunities to develop and progress in an engineering career. The ‘Engineering Planner’ was devised by Semta to provide useful information about qualifications and levels of responsibility for particular job roles and act as guidance for people wanting to progress to different roles through training and further study. See the engineering planner: See separate progression section in each job title description

4.3 Information on pay scales in the mechanical equipment sector

Pay scales for all of these roles will vary depending on the amount of experience the employee has, the level of responsibility and where the work is based geographically, so pay scales given are based on estimates from a number of sources. Also bear in mind that many large engineering manufacturing companies may offer incentives for those working shifts or nights. Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager The starting salary for new graduates or those new to the role is around £19,000 to £23,000. An experienced production manager may earn on average around £38,500. Some managers with high levels of responsibility earn more than £56,000 a year.

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Professional occupations Design Engineer Starting salaries for new graduates may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced design engineers can earn on average around £35,000 or more, depending on their professional status. Senior design engineers may earn around £45,000 or more. Mechanical Engineer Starting salaries for graduate engineers may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced mechanical engineers can earn around £38,000 or more, depending on their professional status and experience. Chartered mechanical engineers in senior roles may earn around £45,000 or more depending on their levels of responsibility. Production Engineer Salaries for production engineers new to the role can start at around £23,000 a year. Production engineers with experience earn around £33,000 on average. Some production engineers with high levels of responsibility can earn over £44,000 per year. Associate professional and technical occupations Engineering Maintenance Technician The starting salary for an engineering maintenance technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced engineering maintenance technician may earn around £30,000 a year. The most experienced technicians with high levels of responsibility can earn over £38,000. Laboratory Technician Salaries for those new to the role may start at around £10,500. Experienced laboratory technicians earn around £20,000 on average. Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £30,000 per year. Mechanical Engineering Technician The starting salary for a mechanical engineering technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced mechanical engineering technician may earn around £30,000 a year. The most experienced technicians with high levels of responsibility can earn over £38,000. Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Starting salaries for stores assistants are from £10,000 to £14,000 a year. An experienced person could earn £17,500 a year on average. Stores managers can earn over £25,000. Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Newly-qualified craft machinists may earn around £18,000 a year and the average for an experienced machinist is around £26,000. Senior machinists with higher levels of responsibility or those working shifts and overtime may earn over £30,000 a year.

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Engineering Maintenance Fitter Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. The average pay for an engineering maintenance fitter is around £27,000. Highly-skilled and experienced maintenance fitters may earn over £40,000. Sheet Metal Worker Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Qualified sheet metal workers are likely to earn up to £23,000 a year although this could be higher for those working shifts and overtime. Highly skilled sheet metal workers can earn up to £28,000 a year. Welder Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Qualified welders are likely to earn on average £24,000 a year although this can be higher with overtime and shift work. Highly skilled welders with specialist qualifications or those carrying out specialist work overseas or underwater work, can earn over £31,500 a year. Toolmaker Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Average salaries for an experienced toolmaker may be around £25,000 a year although this can be higher for those involved in shift work or overtime. Highly skilled toolmakers with management responsibilities may earn over £38,000 a year Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Salaries start at around £11,500 a year. Experienced assemblers earn an average of £17,00 although this can be higher with shiftwork and overtime. Some assemblers with additional responsibilities may earn over £25,000. Engineering Operative Starting salaries may be around £12,500 a year. Starting salaries for Apprentices may range from around £8,000 to £10,000 a year. Experienced engineering operatives may earn up to £21,000 a year on average although this could be more for those working shifts and overtime. The most skilled and experienced operatives with management responsibilities may earn £28,000 or more with overtime and piecework. Quality Control Inspector Salaries for quality control inspectors may start at around £13,000 a year. With some experience, an inspector may earn around £20,000. Inspectors with wider responsibilities may earn over £28,000 and, in certain industries (such as the aerospace sector), as much as £35,000. Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Labourers and General assistants can earn in the range of £17,000 to £18,000 a year, but can earn more if working nights or shifts.

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4.4 Information on entry requirements and application processes for mechanical equipment manufacture

Job types fall into the following categories;

• Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Administrative and secretarial occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about application processes and further sources of assistance are provided under each of these headings.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of an Honours Degree graduate or equivalent. • Internal promotion of Senior Team Leader. • External recruitment of an experienced Manager. • Advancement from the Advanced Apprenticeship or Higher Apprenticeship. • It may be possible to start in other areas of manufacturing and progress to supervisor and then manager.

Vacancies are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies are often used to secure staff for roles at this level and internal promotion and recruitment is also a method of recruitment and development.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Mechanical Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites.

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Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring Professional occupations Design Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of a graduate or equivalent • External recruitment of Professional Engineer • Advancement from the Advanced Apprenticeship or Higher Apprenticeship.

Vacancies are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies are often used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Craftspeople and technicians may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Mechanical Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and job seeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites. New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites.

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Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring Associate professional and technical occupations Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Mechanical Engineering Technician

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of an Engineering Technician • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

Vacancies for experienced technicians are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies may be used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Apprentices may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working and sometimes may be enrolled on a scheme that ensures their opportunity to progress to this type of role.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below. http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Mechanical Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and job seeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology.

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Those with a particular interest in laboratory technician work may find the following sources useful

http://www.labnewsjobs.co.uk/ Laboratory news http://www.newscientist.com/ New Scientist Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of school/college leaver to serve an Apprenticeship • External recruitment of an experienced stock controller/stores assistant Vacancies advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers. Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Sheet Metal Worker Welder Toolmaker

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or adult employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of skilled Craftspeople • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

Adults seeking to progress from an operative role to an advanced apprenticeship leading to a skilled craft role, should speak to someone in their company responsible for training or human resources.

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School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website

Vacancies for experienced craftspeople are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies may be used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Mechanical Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and job seeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology.

Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

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Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Engineering Operative Quality Control Inspector

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Apprenticeship. • External recruitment of a trained Operative or assembler • Advancement from the Young Apprenticeship School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website

Vacancies may be advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers.

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • External recruitment of an experienced labourer. • External recruitment of a person who will undertake further training. Vacancies may be advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers.

4.5 Qualifications in the mechanical equipment manufacturing sector

Job types fall into the following categories;

• Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Administrative and secretarial occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about qualifications are provided under each of these headings.

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Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Qualifications – • Often have a degree; this may be in an engineering discipline or in a subject specific

to management or production management. • May have a higher national certificate/diploma (HNC/HND) combined with extensive

working experience such as having completed an advanced apprenticeship. • Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two

or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

Professional occupations Design Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer Qualifications –

• Would usually have a degree in an engineering specific discipline but it may be in a

subject specific to a physical science such as physics or chemistry. • Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two

or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

• Particular levels of study would be required for professional engineers seeking to become a chartered or incorporated engineer and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council. (ECUK)

Associate professional and technical occupations Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Mechanical Engineering Technician

Qualifications -

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least

four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Some technician apprentices first study full time for Level 3 qualifications, such as A levels, BTEC National Diplomas or Certificates, or City & Guilds awards.

• Particular levels of experience and study would be required by those seeking professional registration as engineering technicians ( EngTech) and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council Engineering Technician page. (ECUK)

Administrative and secretarial occupations

Stock Controller/Stores Assistant

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Qualifications

• There are often no formal academic qualifications required to work in this role although English, maths and ICT skills are an advantage.

• Some stores assistants are required to have a driving licence and be qualified to drive a fork-lift truck whereas others may have qualifications related to the use of lifting equipment or health and safety certificates.

Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Sheet Metal Worker Welder Toolmaker

Qualifications

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least

four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Many will have work based competencies at level 3 in subjects such as Fabrication and Welding Engineering, Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Engineering Maintenance, Engineering Toolmaking etc.

Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Engineering Operative Quality Control Inspector

Qualifications

• When entering this career through an apprenticeship, GCSE grades D to G or equivalent are required although some employers will require levels of skills using IT mean that higher grades at GCSE will become increasingly prevalent.

• Some people working in specialised jobs may have work-based competence - N/SVQ Levels 1and 2 in subjects such as Performing engineering operations, or qualifications related to safe working or lifting practices.

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations

Qualifications

• There are often no formal academic qualifications required to work in this role although English, maths and ICT skills are an advantage.

• Some labourers may be qualified to drive a fork-lift truck whereas others may have qualifications related to the use of lifting equipment or health and safety certificates.

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4.6 Data on employment and labour market trends and forecasts for mechanical equipment.

The current view

In the political and financial climate early to late 2009 there were many news stories regarding the manufacturing industry both globally and in the UK. It is not an easy task to accurately predict what might happen and for some companies involved in mechanical equipment manufacture their orders and sales may be influenced by the success or otherwise of the automotive, marine and aerospace industries that are their customer base. It should be noted that many companies are involved in trying to reduce costs without closing their businesses completely and whilst press stories often focus on redundancy numbers, these do not always fully represent the way in which the employer is managing the challenges which may be through improving production methods, short closures, adapting working times or upgrading skills. At this current time it is not possible to predict the long term figures for company requirements for numbers of employees, but it is considered that the approach taken by many of the lead manufacturers will lead to employment opportunities for skilled and experienced workers as the economic climate improves.

4.7 Skill shortages All sectors in the economy face major skill challenges as the nature of work alters and global competition intensifies although the pace of change is likely to be particularly rapid within most parts of the Engineering industry. Those in the workforce with no qualifications are likely to face particular challenges

Detailed information for each region and nation are included in the following sections. 4.14.1 mechanical equipment manufacture East Midlands. 4.14.2 mechanical equipment manufacture East of England 4.14.3 mechanical equipment manufacture London 4.14.4 mechanical equipment manufacture North East 4.14.5 mechanical equipment manufacture North West 4.14.6 mechanical equipment manufacture South East 4.14.7 mechanical equipment manufacture South West 4.14.8 mechanical equipment manufacture West Midlands. 4.14.9 mechanical equipment manufacture Yorkshire and the Humber 4.14.10 mechanical equipment manufacture England 4.14.11 mechanical equipment manufacture Scotland 4.14.12 mechanical equipment manufacture Wales 4.14.13 mechanical equipment manufacture Northern Ireland

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4.8 Information on opportunities for adults changing career direction At the craft, technician, professional and management occupational levels there are opportunities for people who hold relevant degrees, Further Education qualifications or other industry recognised certificates and who have working experience in an engineering environment.

It is expected that whilst there will be a replacement demand for operator and assembly job roles as people retire, there is likely to be a decrease in people employed in these occupations in the mechanical equipment sector. Whilst formal qualifications are not always required for these roles, transferable skills such as team working, an ability to follow diagrams and instructions, basic mathematical understanding and practical skills are all relevant to people wishing to transfer to these occupations.

4.9 Entry or transfer into the mechanical equipment sector from another area sector. The technical nature and practical experience required to work in the craft, technician, professional and management occupations means that those without the relevant qualifications or experience will need to consider courses and training relevant to the role they wish to pursue. Where formal qualifications or skills for operator or assembly job roles are required, the careers services can assist in advising on courses and qualifications that may be available locally. Where formal qualifications and experience are not required, application through agencies and direct to the employer are recommended.

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4.10 Job profiles Major Job roles in the mechanical equipment industry include the following,

Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Professional occupations Design Engineer Mechanical Engineer Production Engineer Associate professional and technical occupations Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Mechanical Engineering Technician

Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Sheet Metal Worker Welder Toolmaker

Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Engineering Operative Quality Control Inspector

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations 4.11 Case studies Mechanical equipment occupations Jobs4U Case studies CAD (Computer aided design) engineering draughtsperson Lee Warner Engineering maintenance fitter Stephen Blake Lead Mill Operator (CNC) Richard Moffitt Mechanical engineering technician Kieran Jordan Sheet metal worker Tony Baker Welding technician Samuel Emm

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4.12 FAQs

Q)I am currently working as a machine operator and would be very interested in finding where I could get information and advice about improving my skills and learning, where should I start? A) A good place to start is by speaking with your company union representative to see if they know of any schemes or opportunities that are promoted by your employer. Your company may have a Union Learn representative http://www.unionlearn.org.uk/about/index.cfm If not, then make initial enquiries with your HR department or the person responsible for training in the organisation where you work. Q) What career opportunities are there in the mechanical equipment industries? A) The industry is very competitive and there are many opportunities for people who can combine practical skills with creative thinking and an interest in science and the way things work. Many managers, craftspeople, professional engineers and engineering technicians are needed in companies that are involved in research and development of all kinds of products from small precision made mechanical components used in aircraft engines and racing cars to the development of new machinery and robotic equipment that is used on the production lines and manufacturing systems of companies that may be involved in food and drink manufacture to jet engine, car or even pharmaceutical manufacture. Q) I have read in the news that a lot of manufacturing has been outsourced to companies in the far east, are there still jobs in this sector in the UK? A) Whilst it is true that some work that involves mass production and assembly has been contracted to companies overseas, there are many companies in the UK that are involved in the research and development for the sector and who manufacture, test and develop many new products and materials. These companies may be involved in producing small batches of high precision components or large components used in jet engines. Jobs in the management, professional, technician and craft levels are available and many companies need machine operators and assembly staff as existing staff retire.

4.13 Sources of additional information Specific to mechanical equipment

• British automation and robot association http://www.bara.org.uk/links.htm • Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE), 1 Birdcage Walk, Westminster, London

SW1H 9JJ. 020 7222 7899. Website: www.imeche.org.uk • Manufacturing technologies trade association (MTA) http://www.mta.org.uk • Animated mechanisms from a company called Flying Pig, illustrates some of the vast

range of simple mechanical systems that may be of interest to anyone thinking about this field of work. http://www.flying-pig.co.uk/mechanisms/index.html

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Covers all engineering, technology and science.

• Engineering Diploma Development Partnership, c/o Semta, the Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies, Second Floor, Weston House, 246 High Holborn, London WC1V 7EX. 020 7269 9840. Website: www.engineeringdiploma.com

• Engineering & technology careers & news from the Engineering and Technology Board (ETB) website http://www.scenta.co.uk and http://www.enginuity.org.uk

• Futuremorph, Science Council Careers Website http://www.futuremorph.org/ • Inside Careers http://www.insidecareers.co.uk • New Outlooks in Science and engineering http://www.noisemakers.org.uk/index.cfm • Science, So What? So Everything DirectGov website

http://sciencesowhat.direct.gov.uk/ • Semta Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing

Technologies http://www.semta.org.uk • UK resource centre for women in science, engineering and

technology.http://www.ukrc4setwomen.org/

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4.14 Mechanical equipment manufacture Regional and National Information

4.14.1 Mechanical equipment manufacture East Midlands East Midlands mechanical equipment manufacture

There were around 25,400 people employed in mechanical equipment manufacturing companies in about 1,400 companies in the East Midlands in 2007. This represents 9% of the total GB mechanical equipment manufacturing workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 5,720 employees will be needed in mechanical equipment manufacture in the East Midlands between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within the East Midlands within the mechanical sector

Occupation

Employment in the East Midlands mechanical sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

East

M

idla

nds

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Mec

hani

cal

man

ufac

turin

g %

of a

ll en

gine

erin

g em

ploy

ees

in th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

th

e Ea

st M

idla

nds.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 4,370 4,330 40 27,370 16% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 3,920 3,540 380 24,370 16% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 3,150 2,900 240 40,810 8% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 1,400 1,380 20 7,160 20% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,340 1,210 130 28,560 5% 5215 Welding trades 890 880 10 7,570 12% 2126 Design and development engineers 880 850 30 5,410 16% 3542 Sales representatives 840 620 230 22,430 4% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 800 750 50 41,130 2% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 790 680 110 18,490 4%

Source: Census 2001 Mechanical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in mechanical equipment manufacture in the East Midlands were:

• CNC Machine Operation • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Tool setting • General Engineering skills • Mechanical Engineering • Multi-skills

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All engineering manufacturing sectors in the East Midlands.

94% of employment within the Engineering industry in the East Midlands is full-time.

Employment in the region • The East Midlands accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 9% of all

Engineering establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in the East Midlands employs 115,100 people in 6,260

establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment,

aerospace and automotive. • There are above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and

mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain. • 94% of engineering establishments in the East Midlands employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Derby City, Leicester

City, South Derbyshire, Charnwood, Hinckley and Bosworth and Ashfield. Training, skills and recruitment Over 10,200 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the East Midlands during March 2006/7. There were an estimated 1,190 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the East Midlands during 2007, particularly for skilled trades (55%), professionals (17%) and process plant and machine operative (16%) vacancies. The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills. Lack of applicants with required working experience. 11% of engineering employees in the East Midlands have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is need to up skill more than 46,100 people across management and core technical occupations (29% of the current workforce). This represents 5,300 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 4,300 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 7,600 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,800 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 15,100 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

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Skills Gaps

• Employers in the East Midlands expected skills gaps for operators, technicians and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in

CNC machine operations, Assembly line/production Robotics Materials requirement planning skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

4.14.2 Mechanical equipment manufacture East of England East of England mechanical equipment manufacture

There were around 31,100 people employed in the mechanical equipment sector in 1500 companies in the East of England in 2007. This represents 11% of the GB mechanical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 6,910 employees will be needed in mechanical equipment manufacture in the East of England between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top ten occupations within the East of England within the Mechanical sector

-

Employment in the East of England Mechanical Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

East

of

Engl

and

( A

ll en

gine

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g)

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men

t %

of a

ll en

gine

erin

g em

ploy

ees

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

East

of

Engl

and.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 4,060 4,020 40 28,500 14% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 3,150 2,880 270 23,560 13% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 2,910 2,680 230 50,040 6% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,200 1,040 150 39,630 3% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,030 800 230 18,350 6% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 990 950 40 5,910 17% 2126 Design and development engineers 940 910 30 7,960 12% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 890 830 60 38,390 2% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 880 700 180 6,120 14%

Source: Census 2001

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Mechanical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in mechanical equipment manufacture in the East of England were:

• CNC Machine Operation • Tool setting • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Welding skills • Craft skills • Electronics • Fabrication • Tool makers All engineering manufacturing sectors in the East of England

93% of employment within the Engineering industry in the East of England is full-time.

Employment in the region

• The East of England accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 11% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the East of England employs 116,500 people in 7,890 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, electronics and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the electronics and mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 95% of engineering establishments in the East of England employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Peterborough,

Huntingdonshire, South Cambridgeshire, Luton and Basildon.

Training, skills and recruitment

• Over 10,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the East of England during March 2006/7.

There were an estimated 1,650 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the East of England during 2007. There vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (50%) and process plant and machine operatives (14%) vacancies.

The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

• Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience.

13% of engineering employees in the East of England have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is need to up skill more than 54,600 people across management and core technical occupations (34% of the current workforce).

This represents

9,900 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above. 7,600 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above. 8,800 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,400 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 18,000 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 5,000 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the East of England, to replace those retiring.

139

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the East of England expected skills gaps for professionals, skilled trades (craft) and technicians would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in

Computer aided design (CAD), Tool setting Welding skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills. 4.14.3 Mechanical equipment manufacture London London mechanical equipment manufacture There were around 8,500 people employed in 740 companies in the mechanical equipment manufacturing sector in London in 2007. This represents 3% of the GB mechanical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 1,550 employees will be needed in mechanical equipment manufacture in London between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top ten occupations within London within the Mechanical sector

Occupation

Employment in London’s Mechanical Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Lon

don.

(A

ll en

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Mec

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of a

ll en

gine

erin

g em

ploy

ees

in th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

Lo

ndon

.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,810 1,780 30 16,050 11% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 920 800 120 44,290 2% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 720 650 70 13,000 6% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 390 330 60 61,620 1% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 320 50 270 103,940 0% 3542 Sales representatives 270 190 80 34,320 1% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 270 70 200 84,360 0% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 210 210 0 1,850 11% 4215 Personal assistants and other secretaries 210 0 210 81,510 0% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 200 180 20 31,520 1%

Source: Census 2001

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Mechanical equipment equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in mechanical equipment manufacture in London were:

• Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM)

All engineering manufacturing sectors in London

92% of the Engineering workforce in London is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• London accounts for 3% of all Engineering employment and 7% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in London employs 44,200 people in 4,390 establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, electronics and

mechanical equipment. • 97% of engineering establishments in London employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Barking and Dagenham,

Hillingdon, Ealing and Hounslow.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 3,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in London during March 2006/7.

There were an estimated 505 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in London during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (29%) and technicians (22%) vacancies.

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

13% of Engineering employees in London have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 22,300 people across management and core technical occupations (31% of the current workforce)

This represents

2,300 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 1,700 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 4,200 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,800 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 3,300 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,200 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the London, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in London expected skills gaps for professionals, technicians and skilled trades (craft) would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills identified as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels with the three main skills gaps in:

Computer aided design (CAD), materials requirement planning (MRP) general machining.

141

The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills 4.14.4 Mechanical equipment manufacture North East North East mechanical equipment manufacture There were around 15,800 people employed in the mechanical equipment manufacturing sector in 500 companies in the North East in 2006. This represents 6% of the GB mechanical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,280 employees will be needed in electronics and electrical equipment manufacture in the North East between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within the North East within the Mechanical sector

Occupation

Employment in the North East Mechanical Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Nor

th E

ast

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Mec

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men

t % o

f al

l eng

inee

ring

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

the

Nor

th

East

.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,140 1,880 260 13,370 16% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,820 1,810 20 14,980 12% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,360 1,000 360 13,520 10% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 1,060 580 470 6,930 15% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 950 880 70 14,820 6% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 890 880 10 3,830 23% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 550 370 170 3,760 15% 5215 Welding trades 480 480 0 5,010 9% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 370 350 20 13,890 3% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 350 300 50 9,420 4%

Source: Census 2001

Mechanical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the mechanical equipment sector in the North East were:

• Welding skills

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the North East

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96% of the Engineering workforce in the North East is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The North East accounts for 5% of all Engineering employment and 3% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the North East employs 63,200 people in 2,310 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, metal products and automotive.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the automotive and electronics sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 90% of engineering establishments in the North East employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Newcastle upon Tyne,

Gateshead, Sunderland and Sedgefield.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 6,700 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the North East during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 730 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the North East during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for professionals (39%), skilled trades (32%) and process plant and machine operative (22%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

8% of engineering employees in the North East have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 20,700 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

• 1,900 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 1,600 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 4,500 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 5,800 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 6,900 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,850 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the North East, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the North East expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft), managers and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels with the three main skills gaps in:

Metal working, Welding Materials requirement planning (MRP) skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were:

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

143

4.14.5 Mechanical equipment manufacture North West North West mechanical equipment manufacture

There were around 31,20000 people employed in 1540 companies in the mechanical equipment sector in the North West in 2007. This represents 12% of the GB mechanical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 6,410 employees will be needed in mechanical equipment manufacture in the North West between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within the North West within the Mechanical sector

Occupation

Employment in the North West Mechanical Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Nor

th

Wes

t (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Mec

hani

cal e

quip

men

t %

of a

ll en

gine

erin

g em

ploy

ees

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Nor

th

Wes

t.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 4,560 4,520 40 38,160 12% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 3,910 3,450 450 30,370 13% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 2,800 2,600 200 51,240 5% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,290 1,140 140 38,730 3% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 1,260 1,250 10 6,840 18% 3542 Sales representatives 1,030 770 260 33,680 3% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 790 660 130 18,340 4% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 780 180 590 56,270 1% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 760 710 50 52,120 1% 5215 Welding trades 740 720 20 9,350 8%

Source: Census 2001

Mechanical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in mechanical equipment manufacture in the North West were:

• CNC Machine Operation • Tool setting • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Welding skills • Mechanical Engineering • General machining • Mechanical fitters • Turners

144

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the North West

94% of the Engineering workforce in the North West is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The North West accounts for 11% of all Engineering employment and 11% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the North West employs 143,300 people in 7,620 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and aerospace.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and marine sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 94% of engineering establishments in the North West employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Fylde, Knowsley, Crewe

and Nantwich, Stockport, Oldham and Preston.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 9,800 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the North West during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 2,100 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the North West during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (40%) and process plant and machine operative (28%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

9% of engineering employees in the North West have no qualifications. Around 28% of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 52,200 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

• 6,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 7,100 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 11,900 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 12,200 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 14,400 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 5,400 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the North West, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the North West expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft) and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees was technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Tool setting Welding skills.

The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills.

145

4.14.6 Mechanical equipment manufacture South East South East mechanical equipment manufacture

There were around 34,900 people employed in 1,900 companies in the mechanical equipment sector in the South East of England in 2007. This region has the second highest percentage of people employed in the mechanical equipment sectors. The employment represents 13% of the GB mechanical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 6,370 employees will be needed in mechanical equipment manufacture in the South East between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within the South East within the Mechanical sector

Occupation

Employment in the South East Mechanical Sector

Tota

l occ

upat

iona

l em

ploy

men

t in

regi

on

% o

f tot

al o

ccup

atio

nal

empl

oym

ent i

n re

gion

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 4,440 4,390 50 38,060 12% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 3,730 3,460 270 82,550 5% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,990 1,900 90 23,230 9% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,920 1,730 190 80,190 2% 3542 Sales representatives 1,270 890 380 49,650 3% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 1,030 190 840 125,000 1% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 1,000 980 20 7,090 14% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 950 730 220 17,000 6% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 950 220 730 87,980 1% 2126 Design and development engineers 940 900 40 11,470 8%

Source: Census 2001

Mechanical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in mechanical equipment in the South East were:

• CNC Machine Operation • General Engineering skills • Assembly line/ production robotics • Tool setting • Welding skills • Metal workers • General machining • Tool makers • Carpentry / woodwork

146

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the South East

93% of the Engineering workforce in the South East is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The South East accounts for 12% of all Engineering employment and 15% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the South East employs 157,000 people in 10,640 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are electronics, mechanical equipment and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the electronics and electrical sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around West Berkshire, Basingstoke and Deane, Milton Keynes, Eastleigh, Portsmouth, Crawley and Medway.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 12,400 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the South East during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 2,115 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the South East during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (31%) and skilled trades (26%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

10% of engineering employees in the South East have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill more than 84,500 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

• 13,800 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 12,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 21,500 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 18,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 18,500 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 3,900 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the South East, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the South East expected skills gaps for professionals, skilled trades (craft) and technicians would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels, with the three main skill gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Computer aided design (CAD) Welding skills.

The generic skills gaps highlighted were:

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills

147

4.14.7 Mechanical equipment manufacture South West South West mechanical equipment manufacture

There were around 26,200 people employed in just under 1,250 companies in the mechanical equipment sector in the South West in 2007. This represents 10% of the GB mechanical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 5,280 employees will be needed in the mechanical equipment sector in the South West between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within the South West within the Mechanical sector

Occupation

Employment in the South West Mechanical Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Sout

h W

est.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Mec

hani

cal e

quip

men

t %

of a

ll en

gine

erin

g em

ploy

ees

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Sout

h W

est.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 3,540 3,480 60 27,630 13% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,480 2,300 180 19,650 13% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 2,260 2,080 180 40,160 6% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 1,400 1,360 40 6,200 23% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,110 850 250 16,760 7% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 1,090 660 430 11,790 9% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 900 810 90 26,910 3% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 770 710 60 31,710 2% 2126 Design and development engineers 750 720 30 6,430 12% 3542 Sales representatives 710 540 170 23,780 3%

Source: Census 2001

Mechanical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the mechanical equipment sector in the South West were:

• CNC Machine Operation • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) • Mechanical Engineering • General machining

148

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the South West

94% of the Engineering workforce in the South West is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The South West accounts for 8% of all Engineering employment and 9% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the South West employs 129,400 people in 6,470 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, electronics and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the marine and aerospace sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 94% of engineering establishments in the South West employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Tewkesbury,

Cheltenham, Stroud, South Gloucestershire, Bristol, Swindon, South Somerset, Poole and Plymouth.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 9,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the South West during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 1,530 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the South West during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (43%) and skilled trades/craft (37%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

7% of engineering employees in the South West have no qualifications. About a third of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill around 52,300 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents

4,700 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 7,500 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,900 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,900 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 15,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 3,750 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the South West, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the South West expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft), technicians and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Computer aided design (CAD) Computer aided engineering (CAE).

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

IT/computer skills Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills.

149

4.14.8 Mechanical equipment manufacture West Midlands. West Midlands mechanical equipment manufacture

There were around 41,200 people employed in just under 2030 companies in the mechanical equipment sector in the West Midlands in 2007. This represents 15% of the GB mechanical equipment workforce, the highest percentage of people employed in this sector in a region or nation. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 6,250 employees will be needed in the mechanical equipment sector in the West Midlands between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within the West Midlands within the mechanical sector

Occupation

Employment in the West Midlands mechanical sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Wes

t M

idla

nds

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Mec

hani

cal e

quip

men

t %

of a

ll en

gine

erin

g em

ploy

ees

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Wes

t M

idla

nds.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 5,210 5,140 70 32,190 16% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 4,850 4,200 650 42,620 11% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 4,120 3,810 310 50,640 8% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 2,200 2,120 80 18,570 12% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 1,860 1,040 820 15,710 12% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,480 1,330 150 32,610 5% 5215 Welding trades 1,450 1,430 30 13,350 11% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,250 1,030 220 22,340 6% 3542 Sales representatives 1,210 880 330 29,420 4% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 1,200 700 500 13,800 9%

Source: Census 2001

Mechanical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the mechanical equipment sector in the West Midlands were:

• Tool setting • CNC Machine Operation • Electrical Engineering • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Manufacturing

150

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the West Midlands

95% of the Engineering workforce in the West Midlands is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The West Midlands accounts for 17% of all Engineering employment and 15% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and automotive.

• The Engineering industry in the West Midlands employs 213,000 people in 10,430 establishments.

• 93% of engineering establishments in the West Midlands employ less than 50 people. • The West Midlands has particular concentrations of employment in the automotive and

metals sectors when compared to the rest of Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Birmingham, Sandwell,

Walsall, Coventry, Dudley and Telford and Wrekin.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 15,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the West Midlands during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 3,480 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the West Midlands during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades (68%) and process plant and machine operatives (18%).

The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

17% of engineering employees in the West Midlands have no qualifications. Around 40% of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 110,000 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents: 15,400 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 5,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,000 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 36,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 39,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 4,700 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the West Midlands, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the West Midlands expected that skills gaps for operators and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skill given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Tool setting, Fabrication, Materials requirement planning (MRPII) Welding.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

151

4.14.9 Mechanical equipment manufacture Yorkshire and the Humber

Yorkshire and the Humber mechanical equipment manufacture There were around 26,200 people employed in just over 1,430 companies in the mechanical equipment sector in Yorkshire and the Humber in 2007. This represents 10% of the GB mechanical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 5,440 employees will be needed in mechanical equipment manufacture in Yorkshire and the Humber between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within Yorkshire and the Humber - Mechanical Equipment

Occupation

Employment in Yorkshire and the Humber

Mechanical Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Yor

kshi

re

and

the

Hum

ber.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Mec

hani

cal e

quip

men

t % o

f al

l eng

inee

ring

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

Yor

kshi

re

and

the

Hum

ber.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 4,010 3,970 40 28,150 14% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 3,790 3,500 280 24,660 15% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 2,570 2,390 180 37,950 7% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 1,350 1,330 30 7,680 18% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,050 940 120 27,560 4% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 840 720 130 25,360 3% 3542 Sales representatives 810 630 180 23,960 3% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 690 160 530 41,320 2% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 670 610 60 39,770 2% 2126 Design and development engineers 650 630 20 3,900 17%

Source: Census 2001

Mechanical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the mechanical equipment sector in Yorkshire and the Humber were: • General Engineering skills • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • CNC Machine Operation • Mechanical Engineering

152

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Yorkshire and the Humber

95% of the Engineering workforce in Yorkshire and the Humber is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• Yorkshire and the Humber accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 10% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in Yorkshire and the Humber employs 118,900 people in 6,780 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and automotive.

• 98% of engineering establishments in Yorkshire and the Humber employ less than 50 people.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the metals and mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Sheffield, Leeds, Bradford, Kirklees, Rotherham and Kingston upon Hull.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Nearly 8,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in Yorkshire and the Humber during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 1,650 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in Yorkshire and the Humber during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (39%) and skilled trades/craft (28%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills General lack of applicants Lack of applicants with required work experience.

10% of engineering employees in Yorkshire and the Humber have no qualifications. Around 28% of those employed in management and core technical occupations are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 40,600 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

3,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 4,600 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 6,300 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 12,100 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 14,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 4,100 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Yorkshire and the Humber, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in Yorkshire and the Humber expected skills gaps for technicians, professionals and operators would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Materials requirement planning (MRP) General engineering skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

153

4.14.10 Mechanical equipment manufacture England England mechanical equipment manufacture There were around 240,500 people employed in 12,300 companies in the mechanical equipment sector in the whole of England in 2007. This represents 89% of the GB mechanical equipment workforce. Whilst the sector is decreasing in size, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 46,280 employees would be needed in this sector in England between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within England within the Mechanical sector

Occupation

Employment in England Mechanical Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

En

glan

d ( A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Mec

hani

cal

equi

pmen

t % o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in

Engl

and.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 33,830 33,440 390 251,090 13% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 26,940 24,290 2,650 214,820 13% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 23,400 21,610 1,790 412,500 6% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 10,700 10,460 250 65,140 16% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 9,920 8,830 1,080 345,230 3% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 8,250 6,590 1,660 156,290 5% 3542 Sales representatives 7,280 5,350 1,930 256,350 3% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 6,580 4,280 2,300 55,350 12% 2126 Design and development engineers 6,540 6,310 230 55,830 12% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 6,500 6,030 470 348,660 2% Source: Census 2001 Mechanical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the mechanical equipment sector in England were: • CNC Machine Operation • Tool setting • General engineering skills • Assembly line/ production robotics • Welding skills

154

All engineering manufacturing sectors in England A very high proportion of the Engineering workforce in England is employed on a full-time basis, accounting for about 94% of total employment in the industry. • England accounts for 86% of all Engineering employment and 90% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • Based on the Annual Business Inquiry 2006 there are an estimated 1.1 million employees

and over 65,000 employers in the Engineering industry in England8. • 93% of engineering establishments in England employ less than 50 people. Training and skills and recruitment • 11% of engineering employees in England have no qualifications. Around 33% of the

workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly half a million people in England across management and core technical occupations.

This represents: 76,000 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 57,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 96,000 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 132,000 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 135,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above Skills Gaps Engineering establishments in England were most likely to report skill gaps in skilled trades (8% of establishments), process plant and machine operative occupations and administrative and secretarial occupations (7% of establishments in each case). • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the four main skills gaps in: CNC Machine Operation, Computer Aided Design (CAD), Welding skills Assembly line/production robotics.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

8 The Annual Business Inquiry figures on employment excludes those self employed and casual labour, so is likely to under-estimate the total number of people working in the sector.

155

Demographics 82% of the Engineering workforce in England is male. Although women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (29%) and a relatively low proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (12% or less in each case) within England. 4.9% of English residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (3.0%) being Asian or Asian British and 1.0% Black or Black British. This represents a somewhat lower proportion of working Black or Minority Ethnic residents than the average for all employment in England. The profile of the Engineering workforce is an ageing one when compared to all sectors in the English economy. 43% of the Engineering workforce in England is aged 45-64 compared with 38% in all sectors in England. This is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

156

4.14.11 Mechanical equipment manufacture Scotland Scotland mechanical equipment manufacture There were around 19,900 people employed in just under 930 companies in the mechanical equipment sector in Scotland in 2007. This represents 7% of the GB mechanical equipment workforce. Before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total of around 2,680 people would be needed in these sectors in Scotland between 2007 and 2014 to replace those that were retiring, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Table 3.7: Top ten occupations within Scotland within the Mechanical sector

Occupation

Employment in Scotland Mechanical Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Sco

tland

(A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Mec

hani

cal e

quip

men

t %

of a

ll en

gine

erin

g em

ploy

ees

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Sco

tland

Total Male Female 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 3,680 3,660 20 26,120 14% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,740 1,630 110 18,410 9% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,630 1,520 110 33,660 5% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 730 730 0 4,370 17% 3542 Sales representatives 590 460 130 23,200 3% 5215 Welding trades 580 570 10 7,350 8% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 580 520 40 20,950 3% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 570 70 500 83,490 1% 3119 Science and engineering technicians n.e.c. 500 470 30 19,200 3% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 470 460 10 29,420 2%

Source: Census 2001 Mechanical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the mechanical equipment sector in Scotland were: • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • General Engineering skills • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • CNC Machine Operation • Electronics • Mechanical Engineering • Plating • Multi-skills

157

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Scotland 95% of employment within the Engineering industry in Scotland is full-time. This proportion of full-time employment is similar across all Engineering sectors in Scotland and is similar to the proportion of full time workers in engineering in Great Britain. • Scotland accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 6% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in Scotland employs around 94,600 people in 6,090

establishments. • 91% of engineering establishments in Scotland employ less than 50 people. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are electronics, metal products and

mechanical equipment. • There are particular concentrations of employment in the marine and electronics

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around the City of Glasgow, Fife,

South Lanarkshire, the City of Aberdeen, North Lanarkshire and West Lothian. Training and skills and recruitment 9% of engineering employees in Scotland have no qualifications. Around 24% of the current workforce in management and core technical occupations is under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly 29,000 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

900 Managers requiring development to SVQ Level 3 and above 5,700 Professional Engineers requiring development to SVQ Level 4 and above 6,400 Technicians requiring development to SVQ Level 4 and above 7,500 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to SVQ Level 3 and above 8,400 Operators requiring development to SVQ Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,600 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Scotland, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in Scotland expected skills gaps for professionals to have the most significant effect on their business

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Computer aided design (CAD) Materials requirement planning (MRPII).

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) IT/computer skills Management skills Marketing or selling skills

158

Demographics

81% of the Engineering workforce in Scotland is male.

Women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, although there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (31%). The proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (12% and 11% respectively) on the other hand is extremely low within Scotland.

Based on data from the Census 2001, 6% of Scotland’s Engineering workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in the nation, and marginally lower than the figure for the UK.

0.8% of Scotland residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being Asian or Asian British and Chinese or ‘other’ ethnic group (0.3%). This represents a somewhat lower proportion of working Black or Minority Ethnic residents than the average for all employment in the Scottish economy.

The profile of the Engineering workforce is an ageing one when compared to all sectors in the Scottish economy. 42% of the Engineering workforce in Scotland is aged 45-64 compared with 38% in all sectors in Scotland. This is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

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4.14.12 Mechanical equipment manufacture Wales Wales mechanical equipment manufacture There were around 10,500 people employed in 530 companies in the mechanical equipment sector in Wales in 2007. This represents 4% of the GB mechanical equipment workforce. Whilst the sector is decreasing in size, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 1,350 employees would be needed in the sector in Wales between 2007 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. .

Top ten occupations within Wales within the Mechanical sector

Occupation

Employment in Wales Mechanical Sector

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5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters

1,520 1,510 20 18,480 8%

8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,19

0 1,000 190 15,550 8% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 970 740 240 20,560 5% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 770 690 80 17,120 4% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 470 340 140 4,530 10% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 450 420 30 3,300 14% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives n.e.c. 440 310 130 7,750 6% 5215 Welding trades 290 280 10 5,120 6% 3542 Sales representatives 280 220 70 10,940 3% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 260 240 20 15,000 2%

Source: Census 2001

Mechanical equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in this sector in Wales were: • CNC Machine Operation • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Tool makers • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) • Tool setting • Welding skills

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All engineering manufacturing sectors in Wales 97% of employment within the Engineering industry in Wales is full-time. This proportion of full-time employment is similar across all Engineering sectors in Wales and is similar to the proportion of full time workers in engineering in Great Britain. • Wales accounts for 6% of all Engineering employment and 4% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in Wales employs 79,600 people in 4,940 establishments. • 91% of engineering establishments in Wales employ less than 50 people. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are automotive, basic metals, mechanical

equipment and aerospace. • There are particular concentrations of employment in the basic metals and aerospace

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Flintshire, Neath Port

Talbot, Newport, Rhondda, Cynon and Taff, Bridgend and Wrexham. Training and skills and recruitment 11% of engineering employees in Wales have no qualifications. Around 29% of the current workforce in management and core technical occupations is under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly 27,900 people across management and core technical occupations

This represents

• 2,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 2,200 Professional Engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above • 4,200 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 6,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 12,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 2,000 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Wales, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in Wales expected skills gaps for professionals to have the most significant effect on their business

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels, with the three main technical skills gaps in:

Computer aided design (CAD) CNC machine operations and tool setting.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) IT/computer skills Management skills Marketing or selling skills

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Demographics 84% of the Engineering workforce in Wales is male.

Women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, although there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment sector (32%). The proportion of females working within the metals (11%) automotive (11%) and other transport equipment sectors (8%) is extremely low within Wales.

Based on data from the Census 2001, 7% of the Welsh Engineering industry workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in Wales and the UK.

1.1% of Welsh residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being Asian or Asian British, Mixed (0.3%) and Chinese or ‘other’ ethnic group (0.3%). This broadly mirrors the position within all sectors within Wales, although there are a slightly higher proportion of Asian or Asian British workers in Wales as a whole.

40% of the Engineering workforce in Wales is aged 45-64 compared with 39% across all sectors in the Welsh economy. This profile is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

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4.14.13 Mechanical equipment manufacture Northern Ireland There were around 7,000 people employed in the mechanical equipment sector in Northern Ireland in 20079. This represented 3% of the UK mechanical equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a requirement of 270 employees per year would be needed in mechanical equipment manufacture in Northern Ireland between 2005 and 2014, many to replace those skilled workers reaching retirement. . Top ten occupations in the Northern Ireland Mechanical Equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in Northern Ireland Mechanical Sector

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5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 870 860 10 10,040 9% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 870 770 100 6,960 12% 5215 Welding trades 420 410 <10 3,590 12% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 360 330 40 8,220 4% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations 340 290 50 5,930 6% 8139 Assemblers and routine operatives 200 150 40 3,510 6% 8114 Chemical and related process operatives 160 110 50 2,650 6% 8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 140 100 30 960 14% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 130 130 0 810 16% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 120 30 90 11,310 1%

Source: NI Census 2001

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Northern Ireland 96% of the Engineering workforce is employed on a full-time basis. • Northern Ireland accounts for 3% of all UK Engineering employment and 2.5% of all UK

Engineering establishments. • The Engineering industry in Northern Ireland employs over 33,200 people (39,600

including self employed and casual labour) in 1,780 establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are the electrical and electronics sector

and the metals sectors. • Northern Ireland has above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and

electronics sectors when compared to the UK. • 95% of establishments employ less than 50 people.

9 Source: Northern Ireland Census of Employment 2007, NISRA

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Training and skills and recruitment • Over 2,500 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in Northern Ireland

between March 2006 and 2007. • There were an estimated 535 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in

Northern Ireland during 2006. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (56%) and professional occupations (16%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills, Lack of applicants with required work experience General lack of applicants. 13% of engineering employees in Northern Ireland have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill more than 14,000 people across management and core technical occupations: This represents:

950 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 150 Professional Engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 1,650 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above `3,300 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 8,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,350 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Northern Ireland, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in Northern Ireland expected skills gaps for operators, craftspersons and technicians would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the main technical skills gaps in:

Welding, CNC machine operations, Mechanical engineering skills, Metalworking Electrical engineering skills. • The generic skills gaps highlighted were Management skills Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Marketing or selling skills

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Demographics 82% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is male. Although women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, 18% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is female, mirroring the figure for the UK as a whole. There is a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (28%) which traditionally has a concentration of women employed in assembly roles. The predominance of women in these roles could increasingly become an issue if the engineering manufacturing sector maintains the trend of moving assembly type occupations to countries where labour is cheaper. There are a relatively low proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (10-11%) within Northern Ireland. Based on data from the NI Census 2001, 6% of Northern Ireland Engineering industry workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in Northern Ireland and the UK. 0.5% of Northern Ireland residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or minority ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being classified as Chinese or ‘Other’ ethnic group. Only 32% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is aged 45-64 compared with 42% of the UK Engineering workforce. Although Engineering in Northern Ireland has a relatively low age profile, in the longer term the age profile of the workforce could be an issue if not enough young people are recruited into the industry (only 12% of the current Engineering workforce is aged 16-24 years old).

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5. Metals 5.1 A brief description of what the metals sector covers at UK and GB level Metals introduction Today the metals industry is at the forefront of making a difference to the modern world through the products, services and solutions it offers. Research developments in the molecular structure of the materials and manufacturing processes have led to their extended use in modern buildings, vehicles, engines and turbines that as well as having applications in the aircraft industry, help to harness the energy of wind and waves and essentially power such things as generators. Often when metals are considered, it may be the casting and large scale metal processing industries that first spring to mind and whilst these are very important areas for employment and manufacturing in the UK, other manufacturing takes place of components and products such as the filaments in light-bulbs, pigments in ceramics, components in portable telephones, alloying agents in special steels as well as aluminium packaging such as drinks cans. There are three main subsectors related to metals that Semta represents. a) Manufacture of Basic metals Companies that are involved in the smelting and refining of ferrous (iron and steel for example) and non-ferrous metals (copper, silver, aluminium for example) as well as those that produce bars, rods, tubes and carry out casting of metals. b) Manufacture of Fabricated Metal products Companies that manufacture structural metal products such as tanks, resevoirs, prefabricated metal buildings, steam generators, treat and coat of metal, manufacture cutlery, tools and general hardware and other fabricated metal products such as metal packaging, screws, washers and other metal fasteners. This sub sector has the largest number of employees of all of the metals sub sectors. c) Wholesale metals and scrap Companies involved in the wholesale of metals and metal ores and wholesale of waste and scrap. Energy savings can be made from the recycling of metals, especially aluminium, rather than extraction from ores and there is much interest in how to mark up components with a view to disassembly and recycling at the end of a products lifecycle.

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Workplaces and employment

There were nearly 33,240 metals workplaces in Great Britain in 2006/2007. These companies employed in the region of 412,600 people with 86% of the workforce in England, 7% in Wales and 7% in Scotland. (See separate data for Northern Ireland)

The greatest concentrations of employment in the metals industry within the UK are in the West Midlands, Yorkshire and the Humber and the North West of England.

Number employed in the metals industry in GB Nation or Region

Number and percentage employed basic metals

Number and percentage employed metal products

Number and percentage employed wholesale metal and scrap

Total number employed All metals.

Percentage All GB metals workforce

England 52,900 78% 267,400 87% 33,800 90% 354,100 86%Scotland 2,800 4% 23,600 8% 2,100 6% 28,500 7%Wales 12,300 18% 15,900 5% 1,800 5% 30,000 7%Total GB 68,000 306,900 37,700 412,600 England regions East of England 2,500 4% 22,700 7% 2,900 8% 28,100 7%East Midlands 4,900 7% 30,400 10% 2,400 6% 37,700 9%London 900 1% 8,700 3% 3,100 8% 12,700 3%North East 5,700 8% 15,800 5% 1,200 3% 22,700 6%North West 3,400 5% 36,800 12% 4,100 11% 44,300 11%South East 2,600 4% 27,100 9% 3,300 9% 33,000 8%South West 2,500 4% 26,400 9% 2,500 7% 31,400 8%West Midlands 16,400 24% 61,100 20% 8,800 23% 86,300 21%Yorkshire and The Humber 14,000 21% 38,400 13% 5,500 15% 57,900 14%Source ABI 2007 (NB percentages may not equal 100% due to rounding)

Metals industry in Northern Ireland See section 5.14.13 Metals industry Northern Ireland

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Main technical and engineering skills gaps in the Metals industry. The main skills gaps for the metals industry reported by engineering employers in the UK during the 2007 labour market survey (base of 700 engineering employers) are: CNC Machine Operation Computer Aided Design (CAD) Welding skills Fabrication Metal workers Further details for each Nation and English region are provided in each section.

Demographics. Gender Only 19% of the UK Engineering workforce is female and this proportion has not varied much in the last 10 years. .The percentage of 19% is for women employed in all occupations in the engineering manufacturing sectors including assembly type occupations, office staff and sales and marketing. For employment in technical, professional and management roles, women are particularly under represented with women making up only 17% of all engineering management roles and 7% of professional roles. Age The ageing of the current workforce is an issue for many employers with skilled and experienced workers reaching retirement age and a need to replace them with other skilled craft, technical and professional workers. Further demographic details are included in the following sections 5.14.10 Metals industry England 5.14.11 Metals industry Scotland 5.14.12 Metals industry Wales 5.14.13 Metals industry Northern Ireland

5.2 Information on careers available and new emerging jobs, transferability of Skills career paths and opportunities for progression

a) Careers currently available There are a wide range of career options within the metals sector these include labouring and machine operator jobs as well as skilled craft jobs such as welding, toolmaking and maintenance who have background, knowledge and experience in problem solving, practical skills and expertise in using a range of tools, equipment and machinery as well as being able to interpret drawings and diagrams. Roles for science and engineering technicians are often difficult to fill for employers since often they require people not only with practical expertise and training but with a thorough understanding of mathematics and science having studied at HNC/HND level.

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Professional occupations such as mechanical engineer, design engineer and manufacturing production manager will be people whose studies have usually involved a university degree although graduates in other disciplines such as metallurgy or physics may often be recruited into professional occupations in the metals industry. Other roles within the sector will involve all the people needed to design, test and develop new products and manufacturing methods as well as those that manage and run the business. These roles would include sales and marketing, departmental and team managers, product development, accounts, stores people, people that package or prepare the products for delivery and those that ensure that everything operates efficiently with the minimum amount of waste and cost. Self employment and part time working 90% of the metals workforce work full time.10 10% of the metals workforce work part time Self employment in engineering is quite a low percentage, around 6% for all engineering occupations as shown in the table below. Managers and senior officials and people working in skilled trades have slightly higher percentages of people being self employed. Due to the number of micro companies, there may be more self employment for managers who actually own those companies. Table showing percentage employment status for all engineering Employment status main job (reported) Major occupation group (main job)

Employee Self employed

Government scheme

Unpaid family worker

Total

1 Managers and Senior Officials 91% 9% 0% 0% 100%2 Professional occupations 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%3 Associate Professional and Technical 97% 3% 0% 0% 100%

4 Administrative and Secretarial 96% 4% 0% 0% 100%5 Skilled Trades Occupations 91% 9% 0% 0% 100%6 Personal Service Occupations 100% 0% 0% 0% 100%7 Sales and Customer Service Occupations 96% 2% 1% 1% 100%

8 Process, Plant and Machine Operatives 99% 1% 0% 0% 100%

9 Elementary Occupations 96% 4% 0% 0% 100%Total 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%Source LFS 2008 data

10 2008 LFS data

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Major Job roles in the metals industries include the following,

Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Professional occupations Design Engineer Materials Engineer /Scientist Mechanical Engineer Metallurgist Production Engineer Associate professional and technical occupations Materials technician Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician

Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Skilled trades occupations Foundry Moulder/Coremaker Foundry Patternmaker Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Plater Sheet Metal Worker Welder Toolmaker

Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Engineering Operative Heat Treatment Operator Metals Industry Production Operative

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Foundry Process Operator

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b) New and emerging jobs

The metals sectors have an important role in the future as both they and their customers come under regulations to produce more energy efficient vehicles that may use components that need to be cheaper, lighter, perform at higher temperatures and not need replacing for longer periods of time. Examples would be researchers developing materials that could be used in components on the mechanical parts of wind turbines used out at sea which would need the minimum of maintenance. The research, development and testing of new metal alloys to ensure that these characteristics can be met in cast and machined components will mean that there will be a need for engineering and science professionals able to understand the behaviour of materials and make best use of new technological advancements.

To meet such changes, there are likely to be roles in the near future for people who are skilled at running manufacturing departments with consideration for how a waste can be minimised and how products will be recycled at the end of their life as well as being able to design products and manufacturing processes that reduce the amounts of material used.

Another area for future development is that of special coatings that can extend the life of metal cutting tools reducing the amount of sharpening and replacement required, these coatings may also have medical applications for both the metal equipment used in surgery and biomedical implants such as hip and knee joints.

As with most modern engineering manufacture, computer software is introducing many design and modeling opportunities for the metals industries. This includes the opportunity to explore virtually how hot metal may flow into a mould rather than having to construct a full sized expensive mould first. Use of such technology requires engineers and technicians that will have an understanding of both the software and design processes. There are also likely to be future roles for managers and experts with knowledge of manufacturing process improvement and business improvement to increase efficiency and save on time and costs in the workplace. c) Transferability of skills within the metals sector Elementary occupations Those employed in these roles may have skills in using specialist lifting and transport/storage equipment, knowledge of different types of materials that are moved around the company. Some may have experience of completing stock sheets or component lists or completing forms to sign in or take out specialist equipment. Some may have undergone health and safety training for lifting and transporting materials and safe working practices in a manufacturing production area. Most if not all of these skills would be relevant to all sectors within engineering manufacture. Process, plant and machine operatives People in these types of roles would be familiar with completing forms and documents relating to the number and types of product completed by them in their work, some of this recording is likely to be carried out on a computer database. Health and safety training is likely to have been undertaken and understanding of safe working practices would be transferable across all sectors. Attention to detail when finishing or machining products and visual checking to ensure that faulty items from the machining or casting process are not sent to the next stage of assembly or manufacture will be part of most roles within this category and would be transferable across all sectors.

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Some people employed within these roles may have received specialist training using particular machines or processes such as grinding machine operating to remove excess metal on castings for example.

Skilled trades occupations Most people employed in these roles will have undertaken an apprenticeship and a period of practical experience combined with further studies in some cases. They may be skilled in a particular area such as maintenance, casting, mould making or toolmaking but they will all have skills related to understanding and interpreting drawings and diagrams, communicating and working as part of a larger team and often health and safety in the workplace knowledge and experience. Some employees in this group may have skills in setting, programming or using modern numerically controlled machine tools or specialist diagnostic equipment all very desirable and transferable skills to other engineering sectors. Associate professional and technical occupations People in these job roles will have similar practical transferable skills to those in skilled trades occupations but they may have greater responsibility for identifying, organising and using resources effectively, completing tasks whilst considering the cost, quality, safety and environmental impact. They will have the ability to apply their mathematical and scientific knowledge when undertaking their work and may often need to work without close supervision accepting responsibility for the work of themselves and others. These skills are transferable across all engineering sectors.

Professional occupations Professional engineers and scientists will usually have a background and degree in a particular engineering or science discipline and many of these disciplines are transferable across all engineering sectors. Transferable skills would include the ability to organise ideas, produce comprehensive reports, work in teams as part of the day to day operating of the organisation, problem solving, costing solutions, responsibility, involvement in decision making, planning, project and time management skills and the use of specialist computer and software packages to carry out various activities. Managers and senior officials A level of experience is expected from these roles and transferable skills to other engineering sectors would be those of team and department leadership, decision making, understanding of production and manufacturing costs, planning and funding. d) Career paths and opportunities for progression. There are many opportunities to develop and progress in an engineering career. The ‘Engineering Planner’ was devised by Semta to provide useful information about qualifications and levels of responsibility for particular job roles and act as guidance for people wanting to progress to different roles through training and further study. See the engineering planner: See separate progression section in each job title description

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5.3 Information on pay scales in the sector

Pay scales for all of these roles will vary depending on the amount of experience the employee has, the level of responsibility and where the work is based geographically, so pay scales given are based on estimates from a number of sources. Also bear in mind that many large engineering manufacturing companies may offer incentives for those working shifts or nights. Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager The starting salary for new graduates or those new to the role is around £19,000 to £23,000. An experienced production manager may earn on average around £38,500. Some managers with high levels of responsibility earn more than £56,000 a year. Professional occupations Design Engineer Starting salaries for new graduates may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced design engineers can earn on average around £35,000 or more, depending on their professional status. Senior design engineers may earn around £45,000 or more. Mechanical Engineer Starting salaries for graduate engineers may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced mechanical engineers can earn around £38,000 or more, depending on their professional status and experience. Chartered mechanical engineers in senior roles may earn around £45,000 or more depending on their levels of responsibility.

Materials Engineer /Scientist Graduate salaries can start around £18,000 to £21,000 per year. Experienced materials engineers/scientists earn on average £36,000 Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £46,000 per year. Metallurgist Graduate salaries may start at around £18,500 a year. Experienced metallurgists earn around £30,000 on average. Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £38,000 per year. Production Engineer Salaries for production engineers new to the role can start at around £23,000 a year. Production engineers with experience earn around £33,000 on average. Some production engineers with high levels of responsibility can earn over £44,000 per year. Associate professional and technical occupations Engineering Maintenance Technician The starting salary for an engineering maintenance technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced engineering maintenance technician may earn around £30,000 a year. The most experienced technicians with high levels of responsibility can earn over £38,000. Laboratory Technician Salaries for those new to the role may start at around £10,500. Experienced laboratory technicians earn around £20,000 on average. Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £30,000 per year.

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Materials technician Starting salaries for a materials technician can start between £12,000 and £16,000 per year. With experience, this can rise to around £23,000 on average per year. Highly skilled technical staff or those with managerial responsibilities may earn over £30,000 Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Starting salaries for stores assistants are from £10,000 to £14,000 a year. An experienced person could earn £17,500 a year on average. Stores managers can earn over £25,000. Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Newly-qualified craft machinists may earn around £18,000 a year and the average for an experienced machinist is around £26,000. Senior machinists with higher levels of responsibility or those working shifts and overtime may earn over £30,000 a year. Engineering Maintenance Fitter Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. The average pay for an engineering maintenance fitter is around £27,000. Highly-skilled and experienced maintenance fitters may earn over £40,000.

Foundry Moulder/Coremaker Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Qualified and experienced employees are likely to earn an average of £21,000 a year although this could be higher for those involved in high levels of responsibility or who work shifts or overtime.

Foundry Patternmaker Starting salaries for Apprentices may range from around £8,000 to £10,000 a year. Qualified employees are likely to earn over £26,000 a year although this could be higher for those involved in high levels of responsibility or who work shifts and overtime.

Plater Starting salaries may range from around £18,000 to £20,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Qualified platers are likely to earn £25,000 a year on average although this could be higher for those involved in offshore contracts or work where they are away from home. Those with management responsibility could earn over £30,000. Sheet Metal Worker Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Qualified sheet metal workers are likely to earn up to £23,000 a year although this could be higher for those working shifts and overtime. Highly skilled sheet metal workers can earn up to £28,000 a year.

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Toolmaker Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Average salaries for an experienced toolmaker may be around £25,000 a year although this can be higher for those involved in shift work or overtime. Highly skilled toolmakers with management responsibilities may earn over £38,000 a year. Welder Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Qualified welders are likely to earn on average £24,000 a year although this can be higher with overtime and shift work. Highly skilled welders with specialist qualifications or those carrying out specialist work overseas or underwater work, can earn over £31,500 a year.

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Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Salaries start at around £11,500 a year. Experienced assemblers earn an average of £17,00 although this can be higher with shiftwork and overtime. Some assemblers with additional responsibilities may earn over £25,000. Engineering Operative Starting salaries may be around £12,500 a year. Starting salaries for Apprentices may range from around £8,000 to £10,000 a year. Experienced engineering operatives may earn up to £21,000 a year on average although this could be more for those working shifts and overtime. The most skilled and experienced operatives with management responsibilities may earn £28,000 or more with overtime and piecework. Heat Treatment Operator Starting salaries may be around £17,500 a year. Starting salaries for Apprentices may range from around £8,000 to £10,000 a year. Experienced heat treatment operators may earn up to £25,000 a year on average although this could be more for those working shifts and overtime. The most skilled and experienced operatives with management responsibilities may earn £30,000 or more with overtime and shift work. Metals Industry Production Operative Starting salaries may be around £17,500 a year. Starting salaries for Apprentices may range from around £8,000 to £10,000 a year. Experienced metals industry operatives may earn up to £25,000 a year on average although this could be more for those working shifts and overtime. The most skilled and experienced operatives with management responsibilities may earn £30,000 or more with overtime and piecework. Quality Control Inspector Salaries for quality control inspectors may start at around £13,000 a year. With some experience, an inspector may earn around £20,000. Inspectors with wider responsibilities may earn over £28,000 and, in certain industries (such as the aerospace sector), as much as £35,000. Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Labourers and General assistants can earn in the range of £17,000 to £18,000 a year, but can earn more if working nights or shifts. Foundry Process Operator Foundry process operators may earn in the range of £13000 to over £20,000 a year but they can earn more than this if working shifts or overtime.

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5.4 Information on entry requirements and application processes for the metals sectors.)

Job types fall into the following categories;

• Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Administrative and secretarial occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about application processes and further sources of assistance are provided under each of these headings.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of an Honours Degree graduate or equivalent. • Internal promotion of Senior Team Leader. • External recruitment of an experienced Manager. • Advancement from the Advanced Apprenticeship or Higher Apprenticeship. • It may be possible to start in other areas of manufacturing and progress to supervisor and then manager.

Vacancies are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies are often used to secure staff for roles at this level and internal promotion and recruitment is also a method of recruitment and development.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below

The institute of materials, minerals and mining http://www.iom3.org/jobs Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website.http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/ Includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe.http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section.http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm Mainly recruitment agency jobs.http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology.http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institute of cast metals engineers http://www.icme.org.uk/

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Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring Professional occupations Design Engineer Materials Engineer /Scientist Mechanical Engineer Metallurgist Production Engineer

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of a graduate or equivalent • External recruitment of Professional Engineer • Advancement from the Advanced Apprenticeship or Higher Apprenticeship.

Vacancies are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies are often used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Craftspeople and technicians may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below The institute of materials, minerals and mining http://www.iom3.org/jobs Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website.http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/ Includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe.http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section.http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm Mainly recruitment agency jobs.http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology.http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institute of cast metals engineers http://www.icme.org.uk/ New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites.

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Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring Associate professional and technical occupations Materials technician Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of an Engineering Technician • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

Vacancies for experienced technicians are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies may be used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Apprentices may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working and sometimes may be enrolled on a scheme that ensures their opportunity to progress to this type of role.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below The institute of materials, minerals and mining http://www.iom3.org/jobs Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website.http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/ Includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe.http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section.http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm Mainly recruitment agency jobs.http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology.http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institute of cast metals engineers http://www.icme.org.uk/

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Those with a particular interest in laboratory technician work may find the following sources useful

http://www.labnewsjobs.co.uk/ Laboratory news http://www.newscientist.com/ New Scientist New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites. Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of school/college leaver to serve an Apprenticeship • External recruitment of an experienced stock controller/stores assistant Vacancies advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers. Skilled trades occupations Foundry Patternmaker Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Foundry Moulder/Coremaker Plater Sheet Metal Worker Welder Toolmaker

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or adult employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of skilled Craftspeople • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

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Adults seeking to progress from an operative role to an advanced apprenticeship leading to a skilled craft role, should speak to someone in their company responsible for training or human resources. School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website

Vacancies for experienced craftspeople are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines such as Engineering & Technology and Control and Automation as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies may be used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below The institute of materials, minerals and mining http://www.iom3.org/jobs Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website.http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/ Includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe.http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section.http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm Mainly recruitment agency jobs.http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology.http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institute of cast metals engineers http://www.icme.org.uk/ Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

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Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Engineering Operative Heat Treatment Operator Metals Industry Production Operative

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Apprenticeship. • External recruitment of a trained Operative or assembler • Advancement from the Young Apprenticeship School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website

Vacancies may be advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers.

Elementary occupations Foundry Process Operator Labourers in process and plant operations Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • External recruitment of an experienced labourer. • External recruitment of a person who will undertake further training. Vacancies may be advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers.

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5.5 Qualifications

Job types fall into the following categories; • Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Administrative and secretarial occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about qualifications is provided under each of these headings.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Qualifications –

• Often have a degree; this may be in an engineering discipline or in a subject specific to management or production management.

• May have a higher national certificate/diploma (HNC/HND) combined with extensive working experience such as having completed an advanced apprenticeship.

• Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

Professional occupations Design Engineer Materials Engineer /Scientist Mechanical Engineer Metallurgist Production Engineer Qualifications –

• Would usually have a degree in an engineering specific discipline but it may be in a

subject specific to a physical science such as physics or chemistry. • Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two

or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

• Particular levels of study would be required for professional engineers seeking to become a chartered or incorporated engineer and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council. (ECUK)

Associate professional and technical occupations Materials technician Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician

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Qualifications -

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Some technician apprentices first study full time for Level 3 qualifications, such as A levels, BTEC National Diplomas or Certificates, or City & Guilds awards.

• Particular levels of experience and study would be required by those seeking professional registration as engineering technicians ( EngTech) and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council Engineering Technician page. (ECUK)

Administrative and secretarial occupations

Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Qualifications

• There are often no formal academic qualifications required to work in this role although English, maths and ICT skills are an advantage.

• Some stores assistants are required to have a driving licence and be qualified to drive a fork-lift truck whereas others may have qualifications related to the use of lifting equipment or health and safety certificates.

Skilled trades occupations Foundry Patternmaker Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Foundry Moulder/Coremaker Plater Sheet Metal Worker Welder Toolmaker

Qualifications

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least

four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Many will have work based competencies at level 3 in subjects such as Fabrication and Welding Engineering, Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Engineering Maintenance, Engineering Toolmaking etc.

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Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Engineering Operative Heat Treatment Operator Metals Industry Production Operative

Qualifications

• When entering this career through an apprenticeship, GCSE grades D to G or

equivalent are required although some employers will require levels of skills using IT mean that higher grades at GCSE will become increasingly prevalent.

• Some people working in specialised jobs may have work-based competence - N/SVQ Levels 1and 2 in subjects such as Performing engineering operations, or qualifications related to safe working or lifting practices.

Elementary occupations Foundry Process Operator Labourers in process and plant operations Qualifications

• There are often no formal academic qualifications required to work in this role although English, maths and ICT skills are an advantage.

• Some labourers may be qualified to drive a fork-lift truck whereas others may have qualifications related to the use of lifting equipment or health and safety certificates.

5.6 Data on employment and labour market trends and forecasts for the metals sector.

The current view

In the political and financial climate of early to late 2009 there were many news stories regarding the manufacturing industry both globally and in the UK. It is not an easy task to accurately predict what might happen in the metals sectors especially where they are in the supply chain for the automotive sector but it should be noted that many companies are involved in trying to reduce costs without closing their businesses completely and whilst press stories often focus on redundancy numbers, these do not always fully represent the situation for the way in which the employer is managing the challenges which may be through improving production methods, short closures, adapting working times or upgrading skills. At this current time it is not possible to predict the long term figures for company requirements for numbers of employees, but it is considered that the approach taken by many of the lead manufacturers will lead to employment opportunities for skilled and experienced workers as the economic climate improves.

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3.7 Skill shortages All sectors in the economy face major skill challenges as the nature of work alters and global competition intensifies although the pace of change is likely to be particularly rapid within most parts of the Engineering industry. Those in the workforce with no qualifications are likely to face particular challenges.

Detailed information for each region and nation are included in the following sections. 5.14.1 Metals industry East Midlands. 5.14.2 Metals industry East of England 5.14.3 Metals industry London 5.14.4 Metals industry North East 5.14.5 Metals industry North West 5.14.6 Metals industry South East 5.14.7 Metals industry South West 5.14.8 Metals industry West Midlands. 5.14.9 Metals industry Yorkshire and the Humber 5.14.10 Metals industry England 5.14.11 Metals industry Scotland 5.14.12 Metals industry Wales 5.14.13 Metals industry Northern Ireland

5.8 Information on opportunities for adults changing career direction

At the craft, technician, professional and management occupational levels there are opportunities for people who hold relevant degrees, Further Education qualifications or other industry recognised certificates and who have working experience in an engineering environment.

It is expected that whilst there will be a replacement demand for operator and assembly job roles as people retire, there is likely to be a decrease in people employed in these occupations in the metals sector. Whilst formal qualifications are not always required for these roles, transferable skills such as team working, an ability to follow diagrams and instructions, basic mathematical understanding and practical skills are all relevant to people wishing to transfer to these occupations.

5.9 Entry or transfer into the metals sector from another area/sector.

The technical nature or practical experience required to work in the craft, technician, professional and management occupations means that those without the relevant qualifications or experience will need to consider courses and training relevant to the role they wish to pursue. Where formal qualifications or skills for operator or assembly job roles are required, the careers services can assist in advising on courses and qualifications that may be available locally. Where formal qualifications and experience are not required, application through agencies and direct to the employer are recommended.

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5.10 Job profiles

Major Job roles in the metals industries include the following,

Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Professional occupations Design Engineer Materials Engineer /Scientist Mechanical Engineer Metallurgist Production Engineer Associate professional and technical occupations Materials technician Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician

Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Skilled trades occupations Foundry Moulder/Coremaker Foundry Patternmaker Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Plater Sheet Metal Worker Welder Toolmaker

Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Engineering Operative Heat Treatment Operator Metals Industry Production Operative

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Foundry Process Operator

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5.11 Case studies metals occupations

Jobs4U Case studies Apprentice steelmaker Philip hindmarch CAD (Computer aided design) engineering draughtsperson Lee Warner Engineering maintenance fitter Stephen Blake Foundry patternmaker Ashley Roberts Foundry process operator Dave Chadwick Foundry mouldmaker Anthony Winsper Lead Mill Operator (CNC) Richard Moffitt Materials engineer Melissa Riley Materials technician Ricky Addie Mechanical engineering technician Kieran Jordan Metallurgist (Apprentice) Shaun Whelan Steelmaker (Apprentice) Philip Hindmarch Team Leader Chris Doman Welding technician Harry Froment

5.12 FAQs

Q)I am currently working as a machine operator in a metals company and would be very interested in finding where I could get information and advice about improving my skills and learning, where should I start? A good place to start is by speaking with your company union representative to see if they will know of any schemes or opportunities that are promoted by your employer. Your company may have a Union Learn representative http://www.unionlearn.org.uk/about/index.cfm If not, then make initial enquiries with your training officer, supervisor or HR department.

Q) What career opportunities are there in the metals industries? A) The industry is competitive and there are many opportunities for people who can combine practical skills with creative thinking and an interest in science, materials and the way things work. Many managers, skilled craftspeople, professional engineers and scientists and engineering technicians are needed in companies that are involved in research and development of all kinds of products from small precision made metal components used in aircraft engines and racing cars to the development of improved metal alloys, castings and methods of manufacturing and more efficient means of reducing waste and recycling useful materials. Q) I always imagine the metals industry to be a dark, hot and noisy atmosphere to work in, is that true? A) Where molten metal is being poured, moved and processed, there will be a level of heat and noise although health and safety will be a high consideration and the environment has changed considerably from the 1960s and 1970s as improved handling and machinery to assist with these tasks has been developed. For roles involving research and development, often this work is carried out in laboratories or workshops and much of the maintenance and engineering roles can be in a variety of departments across the company. Some employers are in small premises and the work may involve precision casting, metal processing and cutting in an environment not dissimilar to a large kitchen.

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5.13 Sources of additional information Specific to Metals The british metals recycling association http://www.recyclemetals.org/whatis.php Careers in materials from the institute of materials, minerals and mining http://www.materialscareers.org.uk/ Information about aluminium packaging, recycling and manufacturing http://aluminium.matter.org.uk Institute of cast metal engineers http://www.icme.org.uk/ Metskill careers in metals http://www.metskill.co.uk/careers/ The institution of engineering and technology http://www.theiet.org/ Covers all engineering, technology and science.

• Engineering Diploma Development Partnership, c/o Semta, the Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies, Second Floor, Weston House, 246 High Holborn, London WC1V 7EX. 020 7269 9840. Website: www.engineeringdiploma.com

• Engineering & technology careers & news from the Engineering and Technology Board (ETB) website http://www.scenta.co.uk and http://www.enginuity.org.uk

• Futuremorph, Science Council Careers Website http://www.futuremorph.org/ • Inside Careers http://www.insidecareers.co.uk • New Outlooks in Science and engineering http://www.noisemakers.org.uk/index.cfm • Science, So What? So Everything DirectGov website

http://sciencesowhat.direct.gov.uk/ • Semta Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing

Technologies http://www.semta.org.uk • UK resource centre for women in science, engineering and

technology.http://www.ukrc4setwomen.org/

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5.14 Metals Regional and National Information

5.14.1 Metals East Midlands. -

East Midlands Metals industry.

There were around 37,700 people employed in over 2,900 companies in the metals sector in the East Midlands in 2007. This represents 9% of the total GB metals workforce. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors in the region with 30,400 employees. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 8,530 employees will be needed in the metals sector in the East Midlands between 2007 and 2014. Top ten occupations within the East Midlands within the metals sector

Occupation

Employment in the East Midlands metals sector

Tota

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ple

in th

is

occu

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n in

the

East

M

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(A

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% o

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neer

ing

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s in

th

is o

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atio

n in

the

East

Mid

land

s.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 6,100 5,720 380 24,370 25% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 4,220 3,860 360 40,810 10% 5215 Welding trades 2,920 2,900 30 7,570 39% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 2,610 2,570 40 27,370 10% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 2,050 2,020 30 7,160 29% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,900 1,700 200 18,490 10% 5213 Sheet metal workers 1,240 1,240 10 2,610 48% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,020 870 150 28,560 4% 5222 Tool makers; tool fitters and markers-out 910 900 10 2,390 38% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 880 190 690 37,380 2%

Source: Census 2001 Metals skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the metals sector in the East Midlands were:

• Metal workers • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Tool setting • Tool makers • Pattern making • Foundry skills

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All engineering manufacturing sectors in the East Midlands.

94% of employment within the Engineering industry in the East Midlands is full-time.

Employment in the region • The East Midlands accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 9% of all

Engineering establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in the East Midlands employs 115,100 people in 6,260

establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment,

aerospace and automotive. • There are above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and

mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain. • 94% of engineering establishments in the East Midlands employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Derby City, Leicester

City, South Derbyshire, Charnwood, Hinckley and Bosworth and Ashfield. Training, skills and recruitment Over 10,200 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the East Midlands during March 2006/7. There were an estimated 1,190 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the East Midlands during 2007, particularly for skilled trades (55%), professionals (17%) and process plant and machine operative (16%) vacancies. The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills. Lack of applicants with required working experience. 11% of engineering employees in the East Midlands have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is need to up skill more than 46,100 people across management and core technical occupations (29% of the current workforce). This represents 5,300 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 4,300 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 7,600 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,800 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 15,100 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

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Skills Gaps

• Employers in the East Midlands expected skills gaps for operators, technicians and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in

CNC machine operations, Assembly line/production Robotics Materials requirement planning skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

5.14.2 Metals East of England East of England metals industry There were around 28,100 people employed in over 3,340 companies in the metals sector in the East of England in 2007. This represents 7% of the total GB metals workforce. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors with 22,700 employees. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 9,960 employees will be needed in the metals sector in the East of England between 2007 and 2014. Top ten occupations within the East of England within the Metals sector

Occupation

Employment in the East of England Metals Sector

Tota

l occ

upat

iona

l em

ploy

men

t in

regi

on

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Met

als

% o

f tot

al

occu

patio

nal e

mpl

oym

ent

in re

gion

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 3,840 3,500 340 23,560 16% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 3,610 3,250 360 50,040 7% 5215 Welding trades 2,930 2,910 30 7,550 39% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,800 1,760 40 28,500 6% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 1,630 1,600 30 5,910 28% 5213 Sheet metal workers 1,600 1,580 10 3,140 51% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,480 1,250 240 18,350 8% 5222 Tool makers; tool fitters and markers-out 960 960 * 2,810 34% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 760 140 620 58,630 1% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 700 590 110 39,630 2%

Source: Census 2001

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Metals skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the metals sector in the East of England were: Welding skills Computer Aided Design (CAD) Tool setting Fabrication Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) Assembly line/ production robotics Manufacturing Tool makers All engineering manufacturing sectors in the East of England

93% of employment within the Engineering industry in the East of England is full-time.

Employment in the region

• The East of England accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 11% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the East of England employs 116,500 people in 7,890 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, electronics and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the electronics and mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 95% of engineering establishments in the East of England employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Peterborough,

Huntingdonshire, South Cambridgeshire, Luton and Basildon.

Training, skills and recruitment

• Over 10,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the East of England during March 2006/7.

There were an estimated 1,650 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the East of England during 2007. There vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (50%) and process plant and machine operatives (14%) vacancies.

The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

• Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience.

13% of engineering employees in the East of England have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is need to up skill more than 54,600 people across management and core technical occupations (34% of the current workforce).

This represents

9,900 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above. 7,600 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above. 8,800 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,400 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 18,000 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 5,000 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the East of England, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

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• Employers in the East of England expected skills gaps for professionals, skilled trades (craft) and technicians would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in

Computer aided design (CAD), Tool setting Welding skills. • The generic skills gaps highlighted were Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills. 5.14.3 Metals London London metals industry

There were around 12,700 people employed in just over 2,030 companies in the metals sector in London in 2007. This represents 3% of the total GB metals workforce. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors in the region with 8,700 employees. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 3,400 employees will be needed in the metals sector in London between 2005 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within London within the Metals sector

Occupation

Employment in London’s Metals Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

empl

oyed

in

this

occ

upat

ion

in L

ondo

n ( A

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g)

Met

als

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

Lo

ndon

.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,580 1,360 220 13,000 12% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,430 1,300 130 44,290 3% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,010 980 30 16,050 6% 5215 Welding trades 910 900 10 2,320 39% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 580 530 50 6,130 9% 5213 Sheet metal workers 540 540 0 1,150 47% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 520 510 10 1,850 28% 5222 Tool makers; tool fitters and markers-out 480 480 0 1,300 37% 4215 Personal assistants and other secretaries 390 10 380 81,510 0% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 350 70 280 84,360 0%

Source: Census 2001

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Metals skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the metals sector in London were:

• Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • CNC Machine Operation • Tool setting • Fabrication • Metal workers • Tool makers • Carpentry / woodwork • Machine operator (unspecified)

All engineering manufacturing sectors in London

92% of the Engineering workforce in London is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• London accounts for 3% of all Engineering employment and 7% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in London employs 44,200 people in 4,390 establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, electronics and

mechanical equipment. • 97% of engineering establishments in London employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Barking and Dagenham,

Hillingdon, Ealing and Hounslow.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 3,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in London during March 2006/7.

There were an estimated 505 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in London during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (29%) and technicians (22%) vacancies.

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

13% of Engineering employees in London have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 22,300 people across management and core technical occupations (31% of the current workforce)

This represents

2,300 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 1,700 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 4,200 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,800 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 3,300 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,200 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the London, to replace those retiring.

195

Skills Gaps

• Employers in London expected skills gaps for professionals, technicians and skilled trades (craft) would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills identified as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels with the three main skills gaps in:

Computer aided design (CAD), materials requirement planning (MRP) general machining.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills

5.14.4 Metals North East North East metals industry There were around 22,700 people employed in 1,180 companies in the metals sector in the North East in 2007. This represents 6% of the total GB metals workforce. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors in the region with 15,800 employees. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 4,875 employees will be needed in the metals sector in the North East between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the North East within the Metals sector

Occupation

Employment in the North East Metals Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

empl

oyed

in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e N

orth

Wes

t.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Met

als

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e N

orth

Eas

t.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 3,010 2,870 140 13,370 23% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 2,090 1,960 120 13,520 15% 5215 Welding trades 1,920 1,910 10 5,010 38% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,900 1,880 20 14,980 13% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,810 1,700 110 14,820 12% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 1,300 1,290 10 3,830 34% 5213 Sheet metal workers 920 910 10 1,640 56% 5214 Metal plate workers; shipwrights; riveters 790 780 10 2,180 36% 8117 Metal making and treating process operatives 650 650 0 960 67% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 560 560 0 9,720 6%

Source: Census 2001

196

Metals skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the metals sector in the North East were:

• Metal workers • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Welding skills • Craft skills

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the North East

96% of the Engineering workforce in the North East is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The North East accounts for 5% of all Engineering employment and 3% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the North East employs 63,200 people in 2,310 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, metal products and automotive.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the automotive and electronics sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 90% of engineering establishments in the North East employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Newcastle upon Tyne,

Gateshead, Sunderland and Sedgefield.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 6,700 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the North East during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 730 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the North East during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for professionals (39%), skilled trades (32%) and process plant and machine operative (22%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience. 8% of engineering employees in the North East have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 20,700 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

• 1,900 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 1,600 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 4,500 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 5,800 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 6,900 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,850 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the North East, to replace those retiring.

197

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the North East expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft), managers and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels with the three main skills gaps in:

Metal working, Welding Materials requirement planning (MRP) skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were:

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

5.14.5 Metals North West North West metals industry

There were around 44,300 people employed in 3,700 companies in the metals sector in the North West in 2007. This represents 11% of the total GB metals workforce. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors with 36,800 employees. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that there would be an expansion in metals employment in the region and that a total requirement of 13,595 employees will be needed in the metals sector in the North West between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the North West within the Metals Sector

Occupation

Employment in the North West Metals Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Nor

th

Wes

t. (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Met

als

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e N

orth

Wes

t. Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 6,530 5,960 560 6,530 21% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 4,650 4,230 420 4,650 9% 5215 Welding trades 4,000 3,960 40 4,000 43% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 3,380 3,350 40 3,380 9% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 2,170 2,140 30 2,170 32% 5213 Sheet metal workers 2,060 2,050 10 2,060 49% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 2,050 1,910 140 2,050 11% 5222 Tool makers; tool fitters and markers-out 1,100 1,090 10 1,100 40% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 1,070 200 870 1,070 2% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 1,070 910 160 1,070 3%

Source: Census 2001

198

Metals skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the metals sector in the North West were:

• CNC Machine Operation • Technical drawing • Welding skills • General engineering skills • Moulding skills • Fabrication • Metal workers • Grinding

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the North West 94% of the Engineering workforce in the North West is employed on a full-time basis. Employment in the region

• The North West accounts for 11% of all Engineering employment and 11% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the North West employs 143,300 people in 7,620 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and aerospace.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and marine sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 94% of engineering establishments in the North West employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Fylde, Knowsley, Crewe

and Nantwich, Stockport, Oldham and Preston. Training and skills and recruitment • Over 9,800 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the North West during

March 2006/7. • There were an estimated 2,100 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the

North West during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (40%) and process plant and machine operative (28%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

• Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience.

9% of engineering employees in the North West have no qualifications. Around 28% of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 52,200 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

• 6,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 7,100 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 11,900 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 12,200 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 14,400 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 5,400 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the North West, to replace those retiring.

199

5.14.6 Metals South East South East metals industry

There were around 33,000 people employed in just over 4,300 companies in the metals sector in the South East in 2007. This represents 8% of the total GB metals workforce. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors in the region with 27,100 employees. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 10,120 employees will be needed in the metals sector in the South East between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the South East within the Metals sector

Occupation

Employment in the South East Metals Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Sout

h Ea

st.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Met

als

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

the

Sout

hEa

st

Total

Male Female

1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 3,650 3,340 310 82,550 4% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,940 2,730 210 23,230 13% 5215 Welding trades 2,580 2,560 20 7,250 36% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,740 1,710 30 38,060 5% 5213 Sheet metal workers 1,440 1,430 10 3,140 46% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 1,420 1,370 50 7,090 20% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,400 1,230 170 17,000 8% 5222 Tool makers; tool fitters and markers-out 1,300 1,300 0 3,530 37% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 810 690 120 80,190 1% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 770 130 640 87,980 1%

Source: Census 2001

Metals skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the metals sector in the South East were:

• Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Welding skills • Assembly line/ production robotics • CNC Machine Operation • Fabrication • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Statistical Process Control (SPC) • Tool setting • Craft skills • General machining • Metal workers • Precision Engineering • Foundry skills

200

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the South East

93% of the Engineering workforce in the South East is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The South East accounts for 12% of all Engineering employment and 15% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the South East employs 157,000 people in 10,640 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are electronics, mechanical equipment and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the electronics and electrical sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around West Berkshire, Basingstoke and Deane, Milton Keynes, Eastleigh, Portsmouth, Crawley and Medway.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 12,400 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the South East during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 2,115 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the South East during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (31%) and skilled trades (26%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

• Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience. 10% of engineering employees in the South East have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill more than 84,500 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

• 13,800 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 12,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 21,500 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 18,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 18,500 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 3,900 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the South East, to replace those retiring.

201

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the South East expected skills gaps for professionals, skilled trades (craft) and technicians would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels, with the three main skill gaps in:

• CNC machine operations, • Computer aided design (CAD) • Welding skills.

The generic skills gaps highlighted were:

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills

5.14.7 Metals South West South West metals industry There were around 31,400 people employed in just under 2,870 companies in the metals sector in the South West in 2007. This represents 8% of the total GB metals workforce. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors in the region with 26,400 employees. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 7,460 employees will be needed in the metals sector in the South West between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the South West within the Metals sector

Occupation

Employment in the South West Metals Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

empl

oyed

in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e So

uth

Wes

t (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Met

als

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

the

Sout

h W

est. Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,870 2,700 170 19,650 15% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 2,370 2,150 230 40,160 6% 5215 Welding trades 2,340 2,330 10 6,060 39% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,510 1,470 40 27,630 5% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,190 1,010 180 16,760 7% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 1,180 1,150 40 6,200 19% 5222 Tool makers; tool fitters and markers-out 910 910 10 2,540 36% 5213 Sheet metal workers 870 850 10 1,830 47% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 570 90 480 71,400 1% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 500 420 80 26,910 2%

Source: Census 2001

202

Metals skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the metals sector in the South West were:

• CNC Machine Operation • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Tool setting • Welding skills • General Engineering skills • Fabrication • Precision Engineering

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the South West

94% of the Engineering workforce in the South West is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The South West accounts for 8% of all Engineering employment and 9% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the South West employs 129,400 people in 6,470 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, electronics and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the marine and aerospace sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 94% of engineering establishments in the South West employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Tewkesbury,

Cheltenham, Stroud, South Gloucestershire, Bristol, Swindon, South Somerset, Poole and Plymouth.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 9,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the South West during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 1,530 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the South West during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (43%) and skilled trades/craft (37%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

7% of engineering employees in the South West have no qualifications. About a third of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill around 52,300 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents

4,700 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 7,500 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,900 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,900 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 15,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 3,750 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the South West, to replace those retiring.

203

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the South West expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft), technicians and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Computer aided design (CAD) Computer aided engineering (CAE).

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

IT/computer skills Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills.

5.14.8 Metals West Midlands.

West Midlands metal industry

There were around 86,300 people employed in 5,850 companies in the metals sector in the West Midlands in 2007. This represents 21% of the total GB metals workforce, the largest number employed in the sector for any region or nation. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors in the region with 61,100 employees. The West Midlands also has the highest numbers of people employed in basic metals (16,400 people) and wholesale metal and scrap (8,800 people) for the whole of GB. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 15,730 employees will be needed in the metals sector in the West Midlands between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the West Midlands within the metals sector

Occupation

Employment in the West Midlands metals sector

Tota

l peo

ple

empl

oyed

in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e W

est M

idla

nds

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Met

als

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e W

est M

idla

nds.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 14,040 11,01

0 3,030 42,620 33% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 9,610 8,780 820 50,640 19% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 7,650 7,190 460 18,570 41% 5215 Welding trades 5,240 5,070 170 13,350 39% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 4,580 3,990 600 22,340 21% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 4,570 4,390 180 32,190 14% 5222 Tool makers; tool fitters and markers-out 4,140 4,110 30 7,540 55% 8117 Metal making and treating process operatives 2,760 2,570 190 4,140 67% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other 2,340 470 1,870 49,040 5% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 2,310 2,070 240 47,680 5%

Source: Census 2001

204

Metals skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the metals sector in the West Midlands were:

• CNC Machine Operation • Fabrication • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Welding skills • General Engineering skills • General machining • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Statistical Process Control (SPC) • Tool setting • Moulding skills • Metal workers • Grinding • Plating • Pattern making

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the West Midlands

95% of the Engineering workforce in the West Midlands is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The West Midlands accounts for 17% of all Engineering employment and 15% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and automotive.

• The Engineering industry in the West Midlands employs 213,000 people in 10,430 establishments.

• 93% of engineering establishments in the West Midlands employ less than 50 people. • The West Midlands has particular concentrations of employment in the automotive and

metals sectors when compared to the rest of Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Birmingham, Sandwell,

Walsall, Coventry, Dudley and Telford and Wrekin.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 15,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the West Midlands during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 3,480 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the West Midlands during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades (68%) and process plant and machine operatives (18%).

The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

205

17% of engineering employees in the West Midlands have no qualifications. Around 40% of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 110,000 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

15,400 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 5,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,000 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 36,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 39,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 4,700 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the West Midlands, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the West Midlands expected that skills gaps for operators and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skill given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Tool setting, Fabrication, Materials requirement planning (MRPII) Welding.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

206

5.14.9 Metals Yorkshire and the Humber Yorkshire and the Humber metals industry There were around 57,900 people employed in 3,580 companies in the metals sector in Yorkshire and the Humber in 2007. This represents 14% of the total GB metals workforce, the second highest percentage for GB. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors in the region with 38,400 employees. The Yorkshire and the Humber region also has high percentages of people employed in the basic metals (14,000 People) and wholesale metal and scrap companies (5,500 people) compared to the rest of GB. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 13,595 employees will be needed in the metals sector in Yorkshire and the Humber between 2007 and 2014. Top ten occupations within Yorkshire and the Humber - Metals

Occupation

Employment in Yorkshire and the Humber Metals

Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Yor

kshi

re

and

the

Hum

ber.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Met

als

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

Yo

rksh

ire a

nd th

e H

umbe

r.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 7,800 7,270 530 24,660 32% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 5,080 4,790 290 25,360 20% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 5,010 4,680 330 37,950 13% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 3,980 3,930 40 28,150 14% 5215 Welding trades 3,910 3,810 100 8,060 48% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 3,360 3,300 70 7,680 44% 8117 Metal making and treating process operatives 2,040 2,010 20 2,820 72% 5213 Sheet metal workers 1,530 1,520 10 2,930 52% 5214 Metal plate workers; shipwrights; riveters 1,340 1,330 10 2,390 56% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations n.e.c. 1,320 1,130 200 39,770 3%

Source: Census 2001 Metals skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the metals sector in Yorkshire and the Humber were: • CNC Machine Operation • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • General Engineering skills • Metal workers • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Tool setting • Moulding skills • Manufacturing

207

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Yorkshire and the Humber 95% of the Engineering workforce in Yorkshire and the Humber is employed on a full-time basis. Employment in the region

• Yorkshire and the Humber accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 10% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in Yorkshire and the Humber employs 118,900 people in 6,780 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and automotive.

• 98% of engineering establishments in Yorkshire and the Humber employ less than 50 people.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the metals and mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Sheffield, Leeds, Bradford, Kirklees, Rotherham and Kingston upon Hull.

Training and skills and recruitment • Nearly 8,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in Yorkshire and the

Humber during March 2006/7. • There were an estimated 1,650 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in

Yorkshire and the Humber during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (39%) and skilled trades/craft (28%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills General lack of applicants Lack of applicants with required work experience. 10% of engineering employees in Yorkshire and the Humber have no qualifications. Around 28% of those employed in management and core technical occupations are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 40,600 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

3,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 4,600 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 6,300 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 12,100 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 14,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 4,100 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Yorkshire and the Humber, to replace those retiring.

208

Skills Gaps

• Employers in Yorkshire and the Humber expected skills gaps for technicians, professionals and operators would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Materials requirement planning (MRP) General engineering skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

5.14.10 Metals England

England Metals industry

There were around 354,100 people employed in 29,800 companies in the metals sector in England in 2007. This represents 86% of the total GB metals workforce. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors in England with 267,400 employees. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 87,265 employees will be needed in the metals sector in England between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within England within the Metals sector

Occupation

Employment in England Metals Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Eng

land

(A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Met

als

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

En

glan

d.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 48,710 43,130 5,580 214,820 23% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 36,350 33,290 3,070 412,500 9% 5215 Welding trades 26,750 26,330 420 66,520 40% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 22,500 22,040 460 251,090 9% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 21,280 20,560 720 65,140 33% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 20,340 18,360 1,990 156,290 13% 5213 Sheet metal workers 11,840 11,740 90 24,430 48% 5222 Tool makers; tool fitters and markers-out 11,100 11,020 80 25,870 43% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 8,310 1,700 6,610 475,100 2% 1132 Marketing and sales managers 7,970 6,810 1,160 345,230 2% Source: Census 2001

209

Metals skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in metals in England were: • CNC Machine Operation • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Welding skills • Fabrication • Metal workers • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Tool setting All engineering manufacturing sectors in England A very high proportion of the Engineering workforce in England is employed on a full-time basis, accounting for about 94% of total employment in the industry. • England accounts for 86% of all Engineering employment and 90% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • Based on the Annual Business Inquiry 2006 there are an estimated 1.1 million employees

and over 65,000 employers in the Engineering industry in England11. • 93% of engineering establishments in England employ less than 50 people. Training and skills and recruitment • 11% of engineering employees in England have no qualifications. Around 33% of the

workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly half a million people in England across management and core technical occupations.

This represents: 76,000 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 57,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 96,000 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 132,000 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 135,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

11 The Annual Business Inquiry figures on employment excludes those self employed and casual labour, so is likely to under-estimate the total number of people working in the sector.

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Skills Gaps Engineering establishments in England were most likely to report skill gaps in skilled trades (8% of establishments), process plant and machine operative occupations and administrative and secretarial occupations (7% of establishments in each case). • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the four main skills gaps in: CNC Machine Operation, Computer Aided Design (CAD), Welding skills Assembly line/production robotics.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills Demographics 82% of the Engineering workforce in England is male. Although women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (29%) and a relatively low proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (12% or less in each case) within England. 4.9% of English residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (3.0%) being Asian or Asian British and 1.0% Black or Black British. This represents a somewhat lower proportion of working Black or Minority Ethnic residents than the average for all employment in England. The profile of the Engineering workforce is an ageing one when compared to all sectors in the English economy. 43% of the Engineering workforce in England is aged 45-64 compared with 38% in all sectors in England. This is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

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5.14.11 Metals Scotland Scotland metals industry

There were around 28,500 people employed in just over 2,000 companies in the metals sector in Scotland in 2007. This represents 7% of the total GB metals workforce. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors in Scotland with 23,600 employees. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 7,140 employees will be needed in the metals sector in Scotland between 2007 and 2014. Top ten occupations within Scotland within the Metals Sector

Occupation

Employment in Scotland Metals Sector

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Total Male Female 5215 Welding trades 2,630 2,610 20 7,350 36% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,530 2,370 160 18,410 14% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,910 1,790 130 33,660 6% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,650 1,630 20 26,120 6% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 1,090 1,010 80 13,190 8% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 1,080 1,070 10 4,370 25% 5211 Smiths and forge workers 810 800 10 1,310 62% 5213 Sheet metal workers 750 740 10 1,680 45% 5214 Metal plate workers; shipwrights; riveters 570 570 0 2,080 28% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 550 60 490 83,490 1%

Source: Census 2001

Metal skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in metals in Scotland were: • CNC Machine Operation • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Metal workers • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Statistical Process Control (SPC) • Assembly line/ production robotics • Tool setting • General Engineering skills • Craft skills • Fabrication • Mechanical Engineering • Turners

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All engineering manufacturing sectors in Scotland 95% of employment within the Engineering industry in Scotland is full-time. This proportion of full-time employment is similar across all Engineering sectors in Scotland and is similar to the proportion of full time workers in engineering in Great Britain. • Scotland accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 6% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in Scotland employs around 94,600 people in 6,090

establishments. • 91% of engineering establishments in Scotland employ less than 50 people. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are electronics, metal products and

mechanical equipment. • There are particular concentrations of employment in the marine and electronics

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around the City of Glasgow, Fife,

South Lanarkshire, the City of Aberdeen, North Lanarkshire and West Lothian. Training and skills and recruitment 9% of engineering employees in Scotland have no qualifications. Around 24% of the current workforce in management and core technical occupations is under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly 29,000 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

900 Managers requiring development to SVQ Level 3 and above 5,700 Professional Engineers requiring development to SVQ Level 4 and above 6,400 Technicians requiring development to SVQ Level 4 and above 7,500 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to SVQ Level 3 and above 8,400 Operators requiring development to SVQ Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,600 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Scotland, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in Scotland expected skills gaps for professionals to have the most significant effect on their business

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Computer aided design (CAD) Materials requirement planning (MRPII).

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) IT/computer skills Management skills Marketing or selling skills

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Demographics

81% of the Engineering workforce in Scotland is male.

Women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, although there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (31%). The proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (12% and 11% respectively) on the other hand is extremely low within Scotland.

Based on data from the Census 2001, 6% of Scotland’s Engineering workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in the nation, and marginally lower than the figure for the UK.

0.8% of Scotland residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being Asian or Asian British and Chinese or ‘other’ ethnic group (0.3%). This represents a somewhat lower proportion of working Black or Minority Ethnic residents than the average for all employment in the Scottish economy.

The profile of the Engineering workforce is an ageing one when compared to all sectors in the Scottish economy. 42% of the Engineering workforce in Scotland is aged 45-64 compared with 38% in all sectors in Scotland. This is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

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5.14.12 Metals Wales Wales metals industry There were around 30,000 people employed in just under 1,450 companies in the metals sector in Wales in 2007. This represents 7% of the total GB metals workforce. Metal products companies employed the largest of the three types of metals sectors in Wales with 15,900 employees although there were also large numbers employed in basic metals manufacturing companies, around 12,300. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 4,350 employees will be needed in the metals sector in the Wales between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within Wales within the Metals sector

Occupation

Employment in Wales Metals Sector

Tota

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Total

Male Female

9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 4,240 4,050 190 20,560 21% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 3,610 3,390 220 15,550 23% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 2,860 2,840 20 18,480 15% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 2,500 2,310 190 17,120 15% 5215 Welding trades 2,480 2,460 20 5,120 48% 8117 Metal making and treating process operatives 1,200 1,180 20 1,590 75% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 1,030 1,030 10 10,260 10% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 810 800 10 3,300 25% 2129 Engineering professionals n.e.c. 700 670 30 3,030 23% 5222 Tool makers; tool fitters and markers-out 650 650 0 1,650 39%

Source: Census 2001

Metals skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the metals sector in Wales were: • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Fabrication • CNC Machine Operation • Welding skills • General Engineering skills • General machining • Electrical Engineering • Precision Engineering • Machine operator (unspecified)

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All engineering manufacturing sectors in Wales 97% of employment within the Engineering industry in Wales is full-time. This proportion of full-time employment is similar across all Engineering sectors in Wales and is similar to the proportion of full time workers in engineering in Great Britain. • Wales accounts for 6% of all Engineering employment and 4% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in Wales employs 79,600 people in 4,940 establishments. • 91% of engineering establishments in Wales employ less than 50 people. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are automotive, basic metals, mechanical

equipment and aerospace. • There are particular concentrations of employment in the basic metals and aerospace

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Flintshire, Neath Port

Talbot, Newport, Rhondda, Cynon and Taff, Bridgend and Wrexham. Training and skills and recruitment 11% of engineering employees in Wales have no qualifications. Around 29% of the current workforce in management and core technical occupations is under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly 27,900 people across management and core technical occupations

This represents

• 2,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 2,200 Professional Engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above • 4,200 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 6,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 12,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 2,000 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Wales, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in Wales expected skills gaps for professionals to have the most significant effect on their business

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels, with the three main technical skills gaps in:

Computer aided design (CAD) CNC machine operations and tool setting.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) IT/computer skills Management skills Marketing or selling skills

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Demographics 84% of the Engineering workforce in Wales is male.

Women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, although there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment sector (32%). The proportion of females working within the metals (11%) automotive (11%) and other transport equipment sectors (8%) is extremely low within Wales.

Based on data from the Census 2001, 7% of the Welsh Engineering industry workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in Wales and the UK.

1.1% of Welsh residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being Asian or Asian British, Mixed (0.3%) and Chinese or ‘other’ ethnic group (0.3%). This broadly mirrors the position within all sectors within Wales, although there are a slightly higher proportion of Asian or Asian British workers in Wales as a whole.

40% of the Engineering workforce in Wales is aged 45-64 compared with 39% across all sectors in the Welsh economy. This profile is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

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5.14.13 Metals Northern Ireland Northern Ireland metals industry There were around 600 people employed in the basic metals sector, 7,400 in metal products and 800 in wholesale metal and scrap in Northern Ireland in 200712. Representing 1% of UK basic metals employment, 2% of UK metal products employment and 2% of UK wholesale metals and scrap. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that there would be a slight expansion of the metals workforce with a need for 500 employees per year in the metals sector in Northern Ireland between 2005 and 2014. Top ten occupations in the Northern Ireland Metals sector

Occupation

Employment in Northern Ireland Metals Sector

Tota

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Total

Male Female

5215 Welding trades 1,400 1,390 <10 3,590 39% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 850 800 50 6,960 12% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 570 570 <10 10,040 6% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 550 500 50 8,220 7% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations 350 320 20 5,930 6% 5315 Carpenters and joiners 180 180 0 11,850 2% 5213 Sheet metal workers 180 170 <10 700 25% 5311 Steel erectors 180 180 0 470 37% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 140 140 0 810 17% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 110 10 90 28,800 0% All Occupations 7,560 6,770 780 686,640 1%

Source: NI Census 2001

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Northern Ireland 96% of the Engineering workforce is employed on a full-time basis. • Northern Ireland accounts for 3% of all UK Engineering employment and 2.5% of all UK

Engineering establishments. • The Engineering industry in Northern Ireland employs over 33,200 people (39,600

including self employed and casual labour) in 1,780 establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are the electrical and electronics sector

and the metals sectors. • Northern Ireland has above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and

electronics sectors when compared to the UK. • 95% of establishments employ less than 50 people.

12 Source: Northern Ireland Census of Employment 2007, NISRA

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Training and skills and recruitment • Over 2,500 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in Northern Ireland

between March 2006 and 2007. • There were an estimated 535 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in

Northern Ireland during 2006. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (56%) and professional occupations (16%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills, Lack of applicants with required work experience General lack of applicants. 13% of engineering employees in Northern Ireland have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill more than 14,000 people across management and core technical occupations: This represents:

950 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 150 Professional Engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 1,650 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above `3,300 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 8,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,350 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Northern Ireland, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps • Employers in Northern Ireland expected skills gaps for operators, craftspersons and

technicians would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the main technical skills gaps in: Welding, CNC machine operations, Mechanical engineering skills, Metalworking Electrical engineering skills. • The generic skills gaps highlighted were Management skills Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Marketing or selling skills

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Demographics 82% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is male. Although women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, 18% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is female, mirroring the figure for the UK as a whole. There is a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (28%) which traditionally has a concentration of women employed in assembly roles. The predominance of women in these roles could increasingly become an issue if the engineering manufacturing sector maintains the trend of moving assembly type occupations to countries where labour is cheaper. There are a relatively low proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (10-11%) within Northern Ireland. Based on data from the NI Census 2001, 6% of Northern Ireland Engineering industry workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in Northern Ireland and the UK. 0.5% of Northern Ireland residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or minority ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being classified as Chinese or ‘Other’ ethnic group. Only 32% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is aged 45-64 compared with 42% of the UK Engineering workforce. Although Engineering in Northern Ireland has a relatively low age profile, in the longer term the age profile of the workforce could be an issue if not enough young people are recruited into the industry (only 12% of the current Engineering workforce is aged 16-24 years old).

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6. Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace

6.1 A brief description of what the transport equipment sector covers at UK and GB level

The transport equipment manufacturing sector is split into three smaller sub sectors; aerospace, marine and other transport. Sometimes the data and information available for a particular sub sector, for instance marine or other transport, for a region or nation is small and therefore, it cannot be shown. Where the labour market information is too small to report, it will be added together and shown as transport equipment.

Aerospace

The Aerospace industry covers the manufacture of a range of aircraft and spacecraft such as satellites, as well as the manufacture of essential mechanical and electrical components such as rotors on helicopters, avionics (aircraft electrical systems) and jet engines. The sector also includes companies that employ people to maintain, repair and overhaul aircraft. These MRO companies as they are known, are very diverse, ranging from small specialist workshops carrying out repairs, to large international companies looking at design, manufacture and maintenance of integrated systems such as the electronics, hydraulics or engine components.

Many people seeking a career in the sector may only consider working on the maintenance and overhaul of aircraft where there are limited jobs available, when in fact there are a broad range of interesting roles in companies that are involved in the development, design, testing, assembly and manufacture of the many components.

Workplaces and employment aerospace

There were nearly 720 aerospace workplaces in Great Britain in 2006/2007. These companies employed in the region of 96,800 people with 84% of the workforce in England, 10% in Wales and 6% in Scotland. (See separate data for Northern Ireland)

The greatest concentrations of employment in the aerospace industry within Great Britain are in the North West, South West and East Midlands.

Marine The marine sector includes companies that employ people involved in designing, developing, building and maintaining large cargo ships, ferries, warships, and fishing boats. Companies that construct floating and submersible drilling platforms, barges and floating docks are also represented by Semta. There have been several recent commissions from the MOD for large ships and the UK also has strengths with the many companies involved in the manufacture of pleasure and sporting boats such as sail and motor boats, canoes and inflatables. People employed to maintain and repair these types of boat are also covered by the marine sector. Workplaces and employment marine

There were nearly 1,620 marine workplaces in Great Britain in 2006/2007. These companies employed in the region of 33,600 people with 80% of the workforce in England, 2% in Wales and 18% in Scotland. (See separate data for Northern Ireland)

The greatest concentrations of employment in the marine industry within Great Britain are in the South West, Scotland and the North West and South East of England. Boatbuilding and leisure marine equipment manufacture is a growth sector in the UK. In the luxury powerboat market, a number of British companies and a very small number of high quality equipment suppliers have made great advances. Some powerboat builders export more than 90% of production.

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Other transport The other transport sub sector has a smaller number of employers than marine and aerospace but includes companies that employ people to manufacture railway and tramway locomotives and rolling stock, motorcycles and bicycles and invalid carriages

Workplaces and employment other transport

There were nearly 600 other transport workplaces in Great Britain in 2006/2007. These companies employed in the region of 14,800 people with 88% of the workforce in England, 5% in Wales and 7% in Scotland. (See separate data for Northern Ireland)

The greatest concentrations of employment in the other transport sector within Great Britain are in the East Midlands and West Midlands.

Number employed in the transport equipment industry in GB Nation or Region

Number and percentage employed Aerospace

Number and percentage employed Marine

Number and percentage employed Other transport

Total number employed All transport manufacture

Percentage All GB transport manufactureworkforce

England 81,400 84% 27,000 80% 13,000 88% 121,400 84%Scotland 5,500 6% 6,000 18% 1,100 7% 12,600 9%Wales 9,900 10% 600 2% 700 5% 11,200 8%Total GB 96,800 33,600 14,800 145,200 England regions East of England 6,400 7% 1,400 4% 400 3% 8,200 6%East Midlands 14,900 15% 1,600 5% 3,700 25% 20,200 14%London 1,200 1% 100 <1% 1,400 9% 2,700 2%North East * * 1,100 3% * *% 1,100 <1%North West 22,300 23% 4,900 15% 1,300 9% 28,500 20%South East 10,600 11% 4,900 15% 1,100 7% 16,600 11%South West 17,700 18% 11,500 34% 1,300 9% 30,500 21%West Midlands 5,700 6% 900 3% 2,700 18% 9,300 6%Yorkshire and The Humber 2,600 3% 600 2% 1,100 7% 4,300 3%Source ABI 2007 (NB percentages may not equal 100% due to rounding) * Figures too small to be reported where <20 companies.

Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) in Northern Ireland See section 6.14.13 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) Northern Ireland

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Main technical and engineering skills gaps in the other transport, aerospace and marine sectors. The main skills gaps for the marine, aerospace and other transport sectors reported by engineering employers in the UK during the 2007 labour market survey (base of 700 engineering employers) are: Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Assembly line/ production robotics CNC Machine Operation Electronics Further details for each Nation and English region are provided in each section. Demographics. Gender Only 19% of the UK Engineering workforce is female and this proportion has not varied much in the last 10 years. .The percentage of 19% is for women employed in all occupations in the engineering manufacturing sectors including assembly type occupations, office staff and sales and marketing. For employment in technical, professional and management roles, women are particularly under represented with women making up only 17% of all engineering management roles and 7% of professional roles. Age The ageing of the current workforce is an issue for many employers with skilled and experienced workers reaching retirement age and a need to replace them with other skilled craft, technical and professional workers. Further details are included in the following sections 6.14.10 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) England 6.14.11 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) Scotland 6.14.12 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) Wales 6.14.13 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) Northern Ireland

6.2 Information on careers available and new emerging jobs, transferability of skills

career paths and opportunities for progression

a) Careers currently available There are a wide range of career options across the whole of the transport equipment manufacturing that include labouring and machine operator jobs as well as job roles working on some of the largest and most technical vehicles that are manufactured in the world. In the marine sector this could include skilled craft jobs such as welding, sheet metal working, maintenance and assembly of large ships and floating rigs.

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In the aerospace sector this could include the maintenance and assembly of large components such as aircraft wings or landing gear or someone may be employed at a company that carries out maintenance and safety checking of particular aircraft components. These skilled craft jobs such as welding, toolmaking and maintenance require people who have background, knowledge and experience in problem solving, practical skills and expertise in using a range of tools, equipment and machinery as well as being able to interpret drawings and diagrams. Whilst there are opportunities for working on large projects, many of the job roles will be with smaller employers involved in producing aircraft components and smaller leisure marine craft, in the leisure craft industry there are also occupations for carpenters and people who can process plastics for the boat interiors and hull construction. . Roles for science and engineering technicians are often difficult to fill for employers since often they require people not only with practical expertise and training but with a thorough understanding of mathematics and science having studied at HNC/HND level. Professional occupations such as mechanical engineer, aerospace engineer and design engineer will be people whose studies have usually involved a university degree although graduates in other disciplines such as aeronautical engineering or physics may also be recruited into professional occupations in the transport equipment industry. Other roles within the transport equipment sector will involve all the people needed to manage and run the business including sales and marketing, departmental and team managers, product development, accounts and stores people. Often, with such large and expensive products being produced, there are roles for people that can plan efficiently and manage the chain of suppliers ensuring that the products that they supply for the final vehicle as well as those people that ensure that everything operates efficiently with the minimum amount of waste and cost.

Self employment and part time working in the UK 96% of the marine workforce work full time.13 4% of the marine workforce work part time 97% of the aerospace workforce work full time.14 3% of the aerospace workforce work part time 95% of the other transport workforce work full time.15 5% of the other transport workforce work part time Self employment in engineering is quite a low percentage, around 6% for all engineering occupations as shown in the table below. Managers and senior officials and people working in skilled trades have slightly higher percentages of people being self employed. Due to the number of micro companies, there may be more self employment for managers who actually own those companies.

13 2008 LFS data 14 2008 LFS data 15 2008 LFS data

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Table showing percentage employment status for all engineering Employment status main job (reported) Major occupation group (main job)

Employee Self employed

Government scheme

Unpaid family worker

Total

1 Managers and Senior Officials 91% 9% 0% 0% 100%

2 Professional occupations 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%3 Associate Professional and Technical 97% 3% 0% 0% 100%

4 Administrative and Secretarial 96% 4% 0% 0% 100%

5 Skilled Trades Occupations 91% 9% 0% 0% 100%6 Personal Service Occupations 100% 0% 0% 0% 100%

7 Sales and Customer Service Occupations 96% 2% 1% 1% 100%

8 Process, Plant and Machine Operatives 99% 1% 0% 0% 100%

9 Elementary Occupations 96% 4% 0% 0% 100%Total 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%Source LFS 2008 data

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Major Job roles in the transport equipment sector ( including marine and aerospace) include the following,

Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Professional occupations Aerospace Engineer Design Engineer Engineering Maintenance Technician Marine Engineer Mechanical Engineer Naval Architect Production Engineer Quality Control Inspector Associate professional and technical occupations Aerospace Engineering Technician Laboratory Technician Marine engineering technician Mechanical Engineering Technician

Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Marine Craftsperson Sheet Metal Worker Shipwright / riveter /plater Welder

Process, plant and machine operatives Engineering Operative

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations

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b) New and emerging jobs

Aerospace

The UK already plays a leading role in wing, engine, weapon and rotor design within international groups of aerospace companies. Aerospace companies are diversifying into other complementary sectors such as automotive and electronics by exploiting intellectual property acquired through aerospace research. New jobs are likely to emerge for skilled managers and professional engineers capable of good project management and the ability to coordinate design, technology, delivery and support globally. Roles for multidisciplinary engineers, materials specialists and engineering technicians capable of using a range of specialist software are likely to emerge as the sector increasingly turns to development of the use of composite technologies to produce lighter aircraft structures that can carry heavier loads and reduce fuel consumption. Already, many manufacturers are exploring the possibilities of producing quieter more efficient engines in the light of rising fuel costs and increased regulation on air pollution and noise. Particularly in the areas of defence, electronic systems and components will be developed to improve surveillance technology and better protect aircraft: As with most modern engineering manufacture, in addition to the development of the vehicles and components themselves there will be developments in the design and manufacturing processes to make material and energy use more efficient, minimise waste and reduce the time taken to get a new product from the idea stage to manufacture and sales. Marine There are many areas of future development in the marine sector in the field of large shipbuilding, leisure craft industries and wave energy development. New jobs are likely to emerge for skilled managers and professional engineers capable of good project management and the ability to coordinate design, technology, delivery and support globally. Roles for multidisciplinary engineers, materials specialists and engineering technicians capable of using a range of specialist software are likely to emerge. The new developments are likely to include research and development into new fuel sources for ships and boats such as biomass as well as the use of renewable energy systems such as photo voltaic power. It is expected that there will be greater use of advanced materials for example self cleaning composite materials or coatings on the boat hulls. Another growth area for the sector is the design and development of autonomous or remote controlled unmanned marine vehicles that can have applications in surveying the sea bed for offshore rigs and also for protection against theft or terrorism for example. There is also likely to be a need for engineers with a knowledge and understanding of power generation from sources such as wave energy. As with most modern engineering manufacture, in addition to the development of the vehicles themselves there will be developments in the design and manufacturing processes to make material and energy use more efficient, minimise waste and reduce the time taken to get a new product from the idea stage to manufacture and sales.

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c) Transferability of skills within the transport equipment sector ( including marine and aerospace). Elementary occupations Those employed in these roles may have skills in using specialist lifting and transport/storage equipment, knowledge of different types of materials that are moved around the company. Some may have experience of completing stock sheets or component lists or completing forms to sign in or take out specialist equipment. Some may have undergone health and safety training for lifting and transporting materials and safe working practices in a manufacturing production area. Most if not all of these skills would be relevant to all sectors within engineering manufacture. Process, plant and machine operatives People in these types of roles would be familiar with completing forms and documents relating to the number and types of product assembled or completed by them in their work, some of this recording is likely to be carried out on a computer database. Health and safety training is likely to have been undertaken and understanding of safe working practices would be transferable across all sectors. Attention to detail when assembling or machining products and visual checking to ensure that faulty items from the machine are not sent to the next stage of production will be part of most roles within this category and would be transferable across all sectors. Some people employed within these roles may have received specialist training using particular machines or processes such as laminating for example.

Skilled trades occupations Most people employed in these roles will have undertaken an apprenticeship and a period of practical experience combined with further studies in some cases. They may be skilled in a particular area such as maintenance or toolmaking but they will all have skills related to understanding and interpreting drawings and diagrams, communicating and working as part of a larger team and often health and safety in the workplace knowledge and experience. Some employees in this group may have skills in setting, programming or using modern numerically controlled machine tools or specialist diagnostic equipment all very desirable and transferable skills to other engineering sectors. Particularly in the marine and aerospace sectors, skilled craftspeople may have specific skills related to specialised welding, sheet metal work, laminating and forming using plastics and composite materials or will have a thorough understanding of the need for thorough checking, testing and careful handling of materials and components. Associate professional and technical occupations People in these job roles will have similar practical transferable skills to those in skilled trades occupations but they may have greater responsibility for identifying, organising and using resources effectively, completing tasks whilst considering the cost, quality, safety and environmental impact. They will have the ability to apply their mathematical and scientific knowledge when undertaking their work and may often need to work without close supervision accepting responsibility for the work of themselves and others. These skills are transferable across all engineering sectors.

Particularly in the aerospace sector where employees are involved in the maintenance, repair and overhaul of aircraft, particular work carried out on an aircraft must be certified (signed-off) by an appropriately licensed engineer, so some aircraft maintenance engineers will hold a license to prove their competence.

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Professional occupations Professional engineers will usually have a background and degree in a particular engineering discipline and many of these engineering disciplines are transferable across all engineering sectors. Transferable skills would include the ability to organise ideas, produce comprehensive reports, work in teams as part of the day to day operating of the organisation, problem solving, costing solutions, responsibility, involvement in decision making, planning, project and time management skills and the use of specialist computer and software packages to carry out various activities. Managers and senior officials A level of experience is expected from these roles and transferable skills to other engineering sectors would be those of team and department leadership, decision making, understanding of production and manufacturing costs, planning and funding. d) Career paths and opportunities for progression. There are many opportunities to develop and progress in an engineering career. The ‘Engineering Planner’ was devised by Semta to provide useful information about qualifications and levels of responsibility for particular job roles and act as guidance for people wanting to progress to different roles through training and further study. See the engineering planner: See separate progression section in each job title description

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6.3 Information on pay scales in the transport equipment sector ( including marine and

aerospace)

Pay scales for all of these roles will vary depending on the amount of experience the employee has, the level of responsibility and where the work is based geographically, so pay scales given are based on estimates from a number of sources. Also bear in mind that many large engineering manufacturing companies may offer incentives for those working shifts or nights. Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager The starting salary for new graduates or those new to the role is around £19,000 to £23,000. An experienced production manager may earn on average around £38,500. Some managers with high levels of responsibility earn more than £56,000 a year. Professional occupations Aerospace Engineer Starting salaries for graduate engineers may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced aerospace engineers can earn around £38,000 or more, depending on their professional status and experience. Chartered aerospace engineers in senior roles may earn around £45,000 or more depending on their levels of responsibility. Design Engineer Starting salaries for new graduates may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced design engineers can earn on average around £35,000 or more, depending on their professional status. Senior design engineers may earn around £45,000 or more. Marine Engineer Starting salaries for graduate engineers may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced marine engineers can earn around £38,000 or more, depending on their professional status and experience. Chartered marine engineers in senior roles may earn around £45,000 or more depending on their levels of responsibility. Mechanical Engineer Starting salaries for graduate engineers may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced mechanical engineers can earn around £38,000 or more, depending on their professional status and experience. Chartered mechanical engineers in senior roles may earn around £45,000 or more depending on their levels of responsibility. Naval Architect Starting salaries for graduate naval architects may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced naval architects can earn around £38,000 or more, depending on their professional status and experience. Chartered naval architects in senior roles may earn around £55,000 or more depending on their levels of responsibility. Production Engineer Salaries for production engineers new to the role can start at around £23,000 a year. Production engineers with experience earn around £33,000 on average. Some production engineers with high levels of responsibility can earn over £44,000 per year.

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Associate professional and technical occupations

Aerospace Engineering Technician The starting salary for an aerospace engineering technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced aerospace engineering technician may earn around £30,000 a year. The most experienced technicians with high levels of responsibility can earn over £38,000. Engineering Maintenance Technician The starting salary for an engineering maintenance technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced engineering maintenance technician may earn around £30,000 a year. The most experienced technicians with high levels of responsibility can earn over £38,000. Laboratory Technician Salaries for those new to the role may start at around £10,500. Experienced laboratory technicians earn around £20,000 on average. Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £30,000 per year. Marine engineering technician The starting salary for a marine engineering technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced marine engineering technician may earn around £30,000 a year although if the work involves being away at sea and having additional responsibilities, earnings could be in excess of £38,000 Mechanical Engineering Technician The starting salary for a mechanical engineering technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced mechanical engineering technician may earn around £30,000 a year. The most experienced technicians with high levels of responsibility can earn over £38,000. Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Starting salaries for stores assistants are from £10,000 to £14,000 a year. An experienced person could earn £17,500 a year on average. Stores managers can earn over £25,000. Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Newly-qualified craft machinists may earn around £18,000 a year and the average for an experienced machinist is around £26,000. Senior machinists with higher levels of responsibility or those working shifts and overtime may earn over £30,000 a year. Engineering Maintenance Fitter Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. The average pay for an engineering maintenance fitter is around £27,000. Highly-skilled and experienced maintenance fitters may earn over £40,000.

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Marine Craftsperson Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. The average pay for a marine craftsperson is around £27,000. Highly-skilled and experienced workers may earn over £40,000. Sheet Metal Worker Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Qualified sheet metal workers are likely to earn up to £23,000 a year although this could be higher for those working shifts and overtime. Highly skilled sheet metal workers can earn up to £28,000 a year. Shipwright / riveter /plater Starting salaries may range from around £18,000 to £20,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Qualified platers are likely to earn £25,000 a year on average although this could be higher for those involved in offshore contracts or work where they are away from home. Those with management responsibility could earn over £30,000.. Toolmaker Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Average salaries for an experienced toolmaker may be around £25,000 a year although this can be higher for those involved in shift work or overtime. Highly skilled toolmakers with management responsibilities may earn over £38,000 a year. Welder Starting salaries may range from around £15,500 to £17,500 a year with first year craft apprentices starting at between £8,000 and £10,000 a year. Qualified welders are likely to earn on average £24,000 a year although this can be higher with overtime and shift work. Highly skilled welders with specialist qualifications or those carrying out specialist work overseas or underwater work, can earn over £31,500 a year. Process, plant and machine operatives Engineering Operative Starting salaries may be around £12,500 a year. Starting salaries for Apprentices may range from around £8,000 to £10,000 a year. Experienced engineering operatives may earn up to £21,000 a year on average although this could be more for those working shifts and overtime. The most skilled and experienced operatives with management responsibilities may earn £28,000 or more with overtime and piecework.

Quality Control Inspector Salaries for quality control inspectors may start at around £13,000 a year. With some experience, an inspector may earn around £20,000. Inspectors with wider responsibilities may earn over £28,000 and, in certain industries (such as the aerospace sector), as much as £35,000.

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6.4 Information on entry requirements, and application processes for transport equipment manufacture ( including marine and aerospace).

Job types fall into the following categories;

• Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Administrative and secretarial occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about application processes and further sources of assistance are provided under each of these headings.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of an Honours Degree graduate or equivalent. • Internal promotion of Senior Team Leader. • External recruitment of an experienced Manager. • Advancement from the Advanced Apprenticeship or Higher Apprenticeship. • It may be possible to start in other areas of manufacturing and progress to supervisor and then manager.

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Vacancies are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies are often used to secure staff for roles at this level and internal promotion and recruitment is also a method of recruitment and development.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below

http://www.britishmarine.co.uk/ British marine federation, includes vacancy and careers section. http://www.marineresources.co.uk Marine recruitment services. http://www.raes.org.uk Royal aeronautical society http://www.imarest.org/ Institute of Marine engineering, science and technology. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Marine and http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/aerospace Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites.

Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking.

Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities.

The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

Professional occupations Aerospace Engineer Design Engineer Engineering Maintenance Technician Marine Engineer Mechanical Engineer Naval Architect Production Engineer Quality Control Inspector

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Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of a graduate or equivalent • External recruitment of Professional Engineer • Advancement from the Advanced Apprenticeship or Higher Apprenticeship.

Vacancies are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies are often used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Craftspeople and technicians may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.britishmarine.co.uk/ British marine federation, includes vacancy and careers section. http://www.marineresources.co.uk Marine recruitment services. http://www.raes.org.uk Royal aeronautical society http://www.imarest.org/ Institute of Marine engineering, science and technology. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Marine and http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/aerospace Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites. Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

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Associate professional and technical occupations Aerospace Engineering Technician Laboratory Technician Marine engineering technician Mechanical Engineering Technician

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of an Engineering Technician • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

Vacancies for experienced technicians are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies may be used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Apprentices may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working and sometimes may be enrolled on a scheme that ensures their opportunity to progress to this type of role.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.britishmarine.co.uk/ British marine federation, includes vacancy and careers section. http://www.marineresources.co.uk Marine recruitment services. http://www.raes.org.uk Royal aeronautical society http://www.imarest.org/ Institute of Marine engineering, science and technology. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Marine and http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/aerospace Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. Those with a particular interest in laboratory technician work may find the following sources useful

http://www.labnewsjobs.co.uk/ Laboratory news http://www.newscientist.com/ New Scientist

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Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of school/college leaver to serve an Apprenticeship • External recruitment of an experienced stock controller/stores assistant Vacancies advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers. Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Marine Craftsperson Sheet Metal Worker Shipwright / riveter /plater Welder

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or adult employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of skilled Craftspeople • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

Adults seeking to progress from an operative role to an advanced apprenticeship leading to a skilled craft role, should speak to someone in their company responsible for training or human resources. School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website . For those with a particular interest in an apprenticeship in the aerospace sector, opportunities are particularly competitive and early direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of the websites are recommended.

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Vacancies for experienced craftspeople are often advertised in trade journals and engineering institution magazines as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices. Recruitment agencies may be used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.britishmarine.co.uk/ British marine federation, includes vacancy and careers section. http://www.marineresources.co.uk Marine recruitment services. http://www.raes.org.uk Royal aeronautical society http://www.imarest.org/ Institute of Marine engineering, science and technology. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Engineering, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Marine and http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/aerospace Professional and management vacancies as well as some industry news, useful for researching companies. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

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Process, plant and machine operatives Engineering Operative

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Apprenticeship. • External recruitment of a trained Operative or assembler • Advancement from the Young Apprenticeship School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website

Vacancies may be advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers.

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • External recruitment of an experienced labourer. • External recruitment of a person who will undertake further training. Vacancies may be advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers.

6.5 Qualifications Job types fall into the following categories;

• Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Administrative and secretarial occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about qualifications are provided under each of these headings.

Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Qualifications – • Often have a degree; this may be in an engineering discipline or in a subject specific

to management or production management. • May have a higher national certificate/diploma (HNC/HND) combined with extensive

working experience such as having completed an advanced apprenticeship. • Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two

or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

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Professional occupations Aerospace Engineer Design Engineer Marine Engineer Mechanical Engineer Naval Architect Production Engineer Quality Control Inspector Qualifications –

• Would usually have a degree in an engineering specific discipline but it may be in a

subject specific to a physical science such as physics or chemistry. • Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two

or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

• Particular levels of study would be required for professional engineers seeking to become a chartered or incorporated engineer and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council. (ECUK)

Associate professional and technical occupations Aerospace Engineering Technician Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Marine engineering technician Mechanical Engineering Technician

Qualifications -

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least

four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Some technician apprentices first study full time for Level 3 qualifications, such as A levels, BTEC National Diplomas or Certificates, or City & Guilds awards.

• Particular levels of experience and study would be required by those seeking professional registration as engineering technicians ( EngTech) and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council Engineering Technician page. (ECUK)

Administrative and secretarial occupations

Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Qualifications

• There are often no formal academic qualifications required to work in this role although English, maths and ICT skills are an advantage.

• Some stores assistants are required to have a driving licence and be qualified to drive a fork-lift truck whereas others may have qualifications related to the use of lifting equipment or health and safety certificates.

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Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Marine Craftsperson Sheet Metal Worker Shipwright / riveter /plater Welder

Qualifications

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least

four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Many will have work based competencies at level 3 in subjects such as Fabrication and Welding Engineering, Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, Engineering Maintenance, Engineering Toolmaking etc.

Process, plant and machine operatives Assembler (Light Industry) Electronics Assembler Engineering Operative Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Operative

Qualifications

• When entering this career through an apprenticeship, GCSE grades D to G or

equivalent are required although some employers will require levels of skills using IT mean that higher grades at GCSE will become increasingly prevalent.

• Some people working in specialised jobs may have work-based competence - N/SVQ Levels 1and 2 in subjects such as Performing engineering operations, or qualifications related to safe working or lifting practices.

Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations Qualifications

• There are often no formal academic qualifications required to work in this role although English, maths and ICT skills are an advantage.

• Some labourers may be qualified to drive a fork-lift truck whereas others may have qualifications related to the use of lifting equipment or health and safety certificates.

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6.6 Data on employment and labour market trends and forecasts for transport

equipment manufacture ( including marine and aerospace).

The current view

In the political and financial climate of early to late 2009 there were many news stories regarding the manufacturing industry both globally and in the UK. It is not an easy task to accurately predict what might happen in the transport equipment sectors but it should be noted that many companies are involved in trying to reduce costs without closing their businesses completely and whilst press stories often focus on redundancy numbers, these do not always fully represent the situation for the way in which the employer is managing the challenges which may be through improving production methods, short closures, adapting working times or upgrading skills. Some companies particularly in the marine and aerospace sectors continue to win new contracts and most have long term plans since often a large development project could take 5 to ten years to complete. At this current time it is not possible to predict the long term figures for company requirements for numbers of employees, but it is considered that the approach taken by many of the lead manufacturers will lead to employment opportunities for skilled and experienced workers as the economic climate improves.

6.7 Skill shortages All sectors in the economy face major skill challenges as the nature of work alters and global competition intensifies although the pace of change is likely to be particularly rapid within most parts of the Engineering industry. Those in the workforce with no qualifications are likely to face particular challenges

Detailed information for each region and nation are included in the following sections. 6.14.1 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) East Midlands. 6.14.2 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) East of England 6.14.3 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) London 6.14.4 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) North East 6.14.5 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) North West 6.14.6 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)South East 6.14.7 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) South West 6.14.8 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) West Midlands. 6.14.9 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) Yorkshire and the Humber 6.14.10 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) England 6.14.11 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) Scotland 6.14.12 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) Wales 6.14.13 Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) Northern Ireland

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6.8 Information on opportunities for adults changing career direction

At the craft, technician, professional and management occupational levels there are opportunities for people who hold relevant degrees, Further Education qualifications or other industry recognised certificates and who have working experience in an engineering environment.

It is expected that the number of operator and assembly job roles are likely to decrease in the transport equipment sector although as the business climate improves; there will still be employment opportunities due to retirement of current employees. Whilst formal qualifications are not always required for these roles, transferable skills such as team working, an ability to follow diagrams and instructions, basic mathematical understanding and practical skills are all relevant to people wishing to transfer to these occupations.

6.9 Entry or transfer into the transport equipment ( including marine and aerospace) sector from another area/sector.

The technical nature or practical experience required to work in the craft, technician, professional and management occupations means that those without the relevant qualifications or experience will need to consider courses and training relevant to the role they wish to pursue. Where formal qualifications or skills for operator or assembly job roles are required, the careers services can assist in advising on courses and qualifications that may be available locally. Where formal qualifications and experience are not required, application through agencies and direct to the employer are recommended.

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6.10 Job profiles

Major Job roles in the transport equipment sector include the following Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles. Managers and senior officials Manufacturing Production Manager

Professional occupations Aerospace Engineer Design Engineer Marine Engineer Mechanical Engineer Naval Architect Production Engineer Quality Control Inspector Associate professional and technical occupations Aerospace Engineering Technician Engineering Maintenance Technician Laboratory Technician Marine engineering technician Mechanical Engineering Technician Administrative and secretarial occupations Stock Controller/Stores Assistant Skilled trades occupations Engineering Craft/CNC Machinist Engineering Maintenance Fitter Marine Craftsperson Sheet Metal Worker Shipwright / riveter /plater Welder Process, plant and machine operatives Engineering Operative Elementary occupations Labourers in process and plant operations

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6.11 Case studies transport equipment occupations ( including marine and aerospace) Jobs4U Case studies

Aeronautical engineer/ engine fitter Sally Martin Avionics engineer Peter Stupart CAD (Computer aided design) engineering draughtsperson Lee Warner Engineering maintenance fitter Stephen Blake First stage boatbuilder/carpenter Russell Purdy Marine engineer Lisa Wooderson Mechanical engineering technician Kieran Jordan Naval Architect Jo Assael Sheet metal plater/fabricator Christopher Hackett Weapons Engineer Technician Daniel Monks Welding technician Samuel Emm

6.12 FAQs Q) Do people working in the marine industry need to be away at sea? A) For some people the opportunity to work and travel at sea may combine their own interest in sailing with an interesting career although it is not essential for all job roles in the marine sector. Some companies are involved in research and development using large water tanks and computer equipment to test new designs. Many leisure craft such as yachts and motor boats are built and fitted in large sheds, sometimes quite a way from the sea. Q) Is it possible to transfer from maintenance in a manufacturing company to work in aircraft maintenance? A) Some aspects of the job such as following a maintenance schedule and following safe procedures for carrying out fault finding and maintenance are similar although it is likely to be an expectation of a commercial company that someone in this role would have experience of aircraft maintenance. Other opportunities may be available through the military. Being a licensed aircraft maintenance technician can improve the likelihood of securing work so it is advisable to explore courses that are available and visit employer websites to see what opportunities are available. Some people employed in these roles make aircraft and flying part of their hobby too and may be members of flying or gliding clubs or members of the air cadets. http://www.caa.co.uk/homepage.aspx Q) I thought that boat and shipbuilding in the UK was a dying industry, are there still opportunities available? A) Large traditional shipbuilding is still an important employer in parts of the UK as shipyards are awarded MOD contracts. In addition to this, the UK has great strengths in the manufacture and maintenance of what are known as leisure craft, these could be small sailing, sports or river going craft or sea going luxury yachts. Using web sources such as those listed in the additional web links section will enable you see news items about the companies that are employers in parts of the UK.

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6.13 Sources of additional information, web-links etc Specific to transport equipment, marine and aerospace

• British marine federation, includes vacancy and careers sectionhttp://www.britishmarine.co.uk/.

• Marine recruitment services http://www.marineresources.co.uk . • Royal aeronautical society http://www.raes.org.uk • Institute of Marine engineering, science and technologyhttp://www.imarest.org/. • Merchant Navy http://www.careersatsea.org/ • Sea Vision UK a national campaign to raise awareness and understanding of the sea

and maritime activities http://www.seavisionuk.org • Royal Airforce http://www.raf.mod.uk/careers/ • Royal Navy http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/careers • Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology.

http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Covers all engineering, technology and science.

• Engineering Diploma Development Partnership, c/o Semta, the Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies, Second Floor, Weston House, 246 High Holborn, London WC1V 7EX. 020 7269 9840. Website: www.engineeringdiploma.com

• Engineering & technology careers & news from the Engineering and Technology Board (ETB) website http://www.scenta.co.uk and http://www.enginuity.org.uk

• Futuremorph, Science Council Careers Website http://www.futuremorph.org/ • Inside Careers http://www.insidecareers.co.uk • New Outlooks in Science and engineering http://www.noisemakers.org.uk/index.cfm • Science, So What? So Everything DirectGov website

http://sciencesowhat.direct.gov.uk/ • Semta Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing

Technologies http://www.semta.org.uk • UK resource centre for women in science, engineering and

technology.http://www.ukrc4setwomen.org/

246

6.14 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace Regional and National Information

6.14.1 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace East Midlands. -

East Midlands Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)

There were around 20,200 people employed in around 240 companies in transport equipment manufacture in the East Midlands in 2007. This represents 14% of the total GB transport equipment workforce. The largest group of employees were involved in aerospace manufacture (14,900) and the second largest was other transport (3,700). The largest percentage of the other transport workforce, were based in the East Midlands. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation, it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,690 employees will be needed in the transport equipment sector in the East Midlands between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the East Midlands within the transport equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in the East Midlands other transport

equipment sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

East

M

idla

nds.

(A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent

%

of a

ll en

gine

erin

g em

ploy

ees

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

East

M

idla

nds.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 2,240 2,200 40 27,370 8% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,010 1,930 80 24,370 8% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,270 1,180 90 40,810 3% 2122 Mechanical engineers 1,030 1,000 30 6,710 15% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 980 860 120 9,750 10% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 750 740 10 7,160 10% 2129 Engineering professionals n.e.c. 670 600 60 5,940 11% 5315 Carpenters and joiners 660 660 * 17,150 4% 3113 Engineering technicians 470 450 20 3,820 12% 2126 Design and development engineers 460 440 20 5,410 9%

Source: Census 2001

Transport equipment( including marine and aerospace) skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the transport equipment sector in the East Midlands were:

• Statistical Process Control (SPC)

247

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the East Midlands.

94% of employment within the Engineering industry in the East Midlands is full-time.

Employment in the region • The East Midlands accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 9% of all

Engineering establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in the East Midlands employs 115,100 people in 6,260

establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment,

aerospace and automotive. • There are above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and

mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain. • 94% of engineering establishments in the East Midlands employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Derby City, Leicester

City, South Derbyshire, Charnwood, Hinckley and Bosworth and Ashfield. Training, skills and recruitment Over 10,200 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the East Midlands during March 2006/7. There were an estimated 1,190 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the East Midlands during 2007, particularly for skilled trades (55%), professionals (17%) and process plant and machine operative (16%) vacancies. The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills. Lack of applicants with required working experience. 11% of engineering employees in the East Midlands have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is need to up skill more than 46,100 people across management and core technical occupations (29% of the current workforce). This represents 5,300 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 4,300 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 7,600 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,800 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 15,100 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

248

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the East Midlands expected skills gaps for operators, technicians and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in

CNC machine operations, Assembly line/production Robotics Materials requirement planning skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

6.14.2 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace East of England

East of England Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) There were around 8,200 people employed in 360 companies in the transport equipment sector in the East of England in 2007. This represents 6% of the GB transport equipment workforce. The largest group of employees were involved in aerospace manufacture (6,400) and the second largest was marine (1,400). Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,740 employees will be needed in transport equipment manufacture in the East of England between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the East of England within the Transport equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in the East of England Other transport

Equipment Sector To

tal o

ccup

atio

nal

empl

oym

ent i

n re

gion

(A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent %

of

tota

l occ

upat

iona

l em

ploy

men

t in

regi

on

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,870 1,840 30 28,500 7% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,400 1,260 140 50,040 3% 2122 Mechanical engineers 1,060 1,040 20 9,090 12% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 930 890 40 23,560 4% 5315 Carpenters and joiners 830 830 * 23,680 4% 2126 Design and development engineers 420 410 20 7,960 5% 3113 Engineering technicians 380 370 10 4,570 8% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 380 380 * 5,910 6% 3119 Science and engineering technicians n.e.c. 360 330 30 19,680 2% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 330 310 20 8,080 4%

Source: Census 2001

249

Transport equipment ( including marine and aerospace) skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the transport equipment sector in the East of England were: • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Tool setting • Mechanical Engineering • Carpentry / woodwork All engineering manufacturing sectors in the East of England 93% of employment within the Engineering industry in the East of England is full-time.

Employment in the region

• The East of England accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 11% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the East of England employs 116,500 people in 7,890 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, electronics and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the electronics and mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 95% of engineering establishments in the East of England employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Peterborough,

Huntingdonshire, South Cambridgeshire, Luton and Basildon.

Training, skills and recruitment

• Over 10,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the East of England during March 2006/7.

There were an estimated 1,650 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the East of England during 2007. There vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (50%) and process plant and machine operatives (14%) vacancies.

The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

• Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience.

13% of engineering employees in the East of England have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is need to up skill more than 54,600 people across management and core technical occupations (34% of the current workforce).

This represents

9,900 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above. 7,600 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above. 8,800 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,400 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 18,000 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 5,000 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the East of England, to replace those retiring.

250

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the East of England expected skills gaps for professionals, skilled trades (craft) and technicians would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in

Computer aided design (CAD), Tool setting Welding skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills. 6.14.3 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace London

London Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)

There were around 2,700 people employed in 140 companies in the transport equipment sector in London in 2007. This represents 2% of the GB transport equipment workforce. The largest group of employees were involved in other transport manufacture (1,400) and the second largest was aerospace (1,200). Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 465 employees will be needed in transport equipment manufacture in London between 2007 and 2014. Top ten occupations within London within the Transport equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in London’s Other transport Equipment

Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

empl

oyed

in

this

occ

upat

ion

in

Lond

on (

All

engi

neer

ing)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent %

of

all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in L

ondo

n.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 640 630 10 16,050 4% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 410 370 40 44,290 1% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 320 300 20 13,000 2% 2122 Mechanical engineers 240 230 10 8,040 3% 2132 Software professionals 190 160 30 50,930 0% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 160 150 20 4,890 3% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 150 140 10 1,850 8% 4122 Accounts and wages clerks; book-keepers; other financial clerks 150 60 90 84,360 0% 3119 Science and engineering technicians n.e.c. 140 130 10 15,290 1% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 130 50 80 103,940 0%

Source: Census 2001

251

All engineering manufacturing sectors in London

92% of the Engineering workforce in London is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• London accounts for 3% of all Engineering employment and 7% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in London employs 44,200 people in 4,390 establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, electronics and

mechanical equipment. • 97% of engineering establishments in London employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Barking and Dagenham,

Hillingdon, Ealing and Hounslow.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 3,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in London during March 2006/7.

There were an estimated 505 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in London during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (29%) and technicians (22%) vacancies.

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

13% of Engineering employees in London have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 22,300 people across management and core technical occupations (31% of the current workforce)

This represents

2,300 managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 1,700 professional engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 4,200 technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,800 skilled trades (craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 3,300 operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,200 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the London, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in London expected skills gaps for professionals, technicians and skilled trades (craft) would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills identified as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels with the three main skills gaps in:

Computer aided design (CAD), materials requirement planning (MRP) general machining.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills

252

6.14.4 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace North East North East Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)

There were over 1,100 people employed in just over 40 companies in the transport equipment sector in the North East in 2007. This represents <1% of the GB transport equipment workforce. There are some Aerospace and other transport equipment companies in the North East but the number of companies are quite small in the region. The largest group of employees were employed in marine companies (1,100). Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 850 employees will be needed in transport equipment manufacture in the North East between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the North East within the Transport equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in the North East Other transport

Equipment Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

empl

oyed

in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e N

orth

Wes

t.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent %

of

all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in th

e N

orth

Ea

st.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 690 690 0 14,980 5% 5214 Metal plate workers; shipwrights; riveters 580 580 0 2,180 27% 5215 Welding trades 520 520 0 5,010 10% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 300 300 0 9,720 3% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 300 290 10 13,370 2% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 260 260 0 3,830 7% 5216 Pipe fitters 250 250 0 1,690 15% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 250 240 0 13,520 2% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 210 200 10 14,820 1% 8141 Scaffolders; stagers; riggers 150 150 0 2,000 8%

Source: Census 2001

Transport equipment ( including marine and aerospace) skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in transport equipment in the North East were:

• Assembly line/ production robotics • Metal workers

253

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the North East

96% of the Engineering workforce in the North East is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The North East accounts for 5% of all Engineering employment and 3% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the North East employs 63,200 people in 2,310 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, metal products and automotive.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the automotive and electronics sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 90% of engineering establishments in the North East employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Newcastle upon Tyne,

Gateshead, Sunderland and Sedgefield.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 6,700 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the North East during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 730 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the North East during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for professionals (39%), skilled trades (32%) and process plant and machine operative (22%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

8% of engineering employees in the North East have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 20,700 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

• 1,900 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 1,600 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 4,500 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 5,800 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 6,900 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,850 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the North East, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the North East expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft), managers and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels with the three main skills gaps in:

Metal working, Welding Materials requirement planning (MRP) skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were:

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

254

6.14.5 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace North West

North West Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)

There were around 28,500 people employed in 260 companies in the transport equipment sector in the North West in 2007. This represents 20% of the GB transport equipment workforce. The largest group of employees were involved in aerospace manufacture (22,300) This is the region with the largest percentage of the aerospace workforce in GB (23%). The second largest employer in the region was other transport (4,900). Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 4,000 employees will be needed in transport equipment manufacture in the North West between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the North West within the Transport equipment Sector

Occupation

Employment in the North West Other transport

Equipment Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Nor

th

Wes

t ( A

ll en

gine

erin

g )

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent

%

of a

ll en

gine

erin

g em

ploy

ees

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Nor

th

Wes

t.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 5,540 5,460 70 38,160 15% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,220 2,120 100 30,370 7% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,740 1,640 110 51,240 3% 2122 Mechanical engineers 1,730 1,680 60 9,530 18% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 1,260 1,240 20 24,280 5% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 970 930 50 10,400 9% 3113 Engineering technicians 880 840 40 5,100 17% 2132 Software professionals 850 770 80 23,850 4% 2128 Planning and quality control Engineers 770 690 80 4,790 16% 2126 Design and development Engineers 710 690 20 6,860 10%

Source: Census 2001 Transport equipment ( including marine and aerospace) skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the transport equipment sector in the North West were:

• CNC Machine Operation • Welding skills • Fabrication

255

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the North West

94% of the Engineering workforce in the North West is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The North West accounts for 11% of all Engineering employment and 11% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the North West employs 143,300 people in 7,620 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and aerospace.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and marine sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 94% of engineering establishments in the North West employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Fylde, Knowsley, Crewe

and Nantwich, Stockport, Oldham and Preston.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 9,800 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the North West during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 2,100 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the North West during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (40%) and process plant and machine operative (28%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were: • Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience.

9% of engineering employees in the North West have no qualifications. Around 28% of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 52,200 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

• 6,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 7,100 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 11,900 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 12,200 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 14,400 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 5,400 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the North West, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the North West expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft) and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees was technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Tool setting Welding skills.

256

The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills.

6.14.6 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace South East

South East Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)

There were around 16,600 people employed in 640 companies in the transport equipment sector in the South East in 2007. This represents 11% of the GB transport equipment workforce. The largest group of employees were involved in aerospace manufacture (10,600) and the second largest was marine (4,900). Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2185 employees will be needed in transport equipment manufacture in the South East between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the South East within the Transport equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in the South East Other transport

Equipment Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

the

Sout

h Ea

st (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent %

of

all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in th

e So

uth

East

.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 3,880 3,840 40 38,060 10% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 2,460 2,270 190 82,550 3% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,270 1,210 60 23,230 5% 2132 Software professionals 1,090 1,000 90 53,570 2% 5315 Carpenters and joiners 1,080 1,070 10 32,710 3% 2122 Mechanical engineers 960 940 20 15,120 6% 3119 Science and engineering technicians n.e.c. 960 880 80 27,790 3% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 750 180 570 125,000 1% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 730 720 10 7,090 10% 2126 Design and development engineers 690 680 10 11,470 6%

Source: Census 2001

Transport equipment ( including marine and aerospace) skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the transport equipment sector in the South East were:

• Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Aircraft Engineering

257

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the South East

93% of the Engineering workforce in the South East is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The South East accounts for 12% of all Engineering employment and 15% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the South East employs 157,000 people in 10,640 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are electronics, mechanical equipment and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the electronics and electrical sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around West Berkshire, Basingstoke and Deane, Milton Keynes, Eastleigh, Portsmouth, Crawley and Medway.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 12,400 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the South East during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 2,115 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the South East during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (31%) and skilled trades (26%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

• Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills • Lack of applicants with required work experience. 10% of engineering employees in the South East have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill more than 84,500 people across management and core technical occupations. This represents:

• 13,800 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 12,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above • 21,500 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 18,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 18,500 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 3,900 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the South East, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the South East expected skills gaps for professionals, skilled trades (craft) and technicians would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels, with the three main skill gaps in:

• CNC machine operations, • Computer aided design (CAD) • Welding skills.

258

The generic skills gaps highlighted were:

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills Marketing or selling skills IT/computer skills 6.14.7 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace South West

South West Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)

There were around 30,500 people employed in 480 companies in the transport equipment sector in the South West in 2007. This represents 21% of the GB transport equipment workforce the largest percentage in GB. The largest group of employees were involved in aerospace manufacture (17,700) and the second largest was marine (11,500). The region has the second highest number of people employed in aerospace manufacture (18%) and the highest number of people employed in the marine sector (34%). Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 6,530 employees will be needed in transport equipment manufacture in the South West between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the South West within the Transport equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in the South West Other transport

Equipment Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

empl

oyed

in

this

occ

upat

ion

in th

e So

uth

Wes

t (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent %

of

all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in th

e So

uth

Wes

t

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 4,320 4,260 60 27,630 16% 2122 Mechanical engineers 2,740 2,660 90 9,270 30% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 2,620 2,400 220 40,160 7% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 2,250 2,170 90 19,650 11% 5315 Carpenters and joiners 1,550 1,520 30 22,930 7% 2126 Design and development engineers 1,180 1,140 30 6,430 18% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 980 930 40 7,000 14% 2132 Software professionals 840 770 60 21,680 4% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 810 230 590 71,400 1% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 790 780 20 16,370 5%

Source: Census 2001

Transport equipment ( including marine and aerospace) skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the transport equipment sector in the South West were:

• CNC Machine Operation • Aircraft engineering

259

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the South West

94% of the Engineering workforce in the South West is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The South West accounts for 8% of all Engineering employment and 9% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in the South West employs 129,400 people in 6,470 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are mechanical equipment, electronics and metal products.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the marine and aerospace sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• 94% of engineering establishments in the South West employ less than 50 people. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Tewkesbury,

Cheltenham, Stroud, South Gloucestershire, Bristol, Swindon, South Somerset, Poole and Plymouth.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 9,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the South West during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 1,530 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the South West during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (43%) and skilled trades/craft (37%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

7% of engineering employees in the South West have no qualifications. About a third of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill around 52,300 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents

4,700 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 7,500 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 10,900 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,900 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 15,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 3,750 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the South West, to replace those retiring.

260

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the South West expected skills gaps for skilled trades (craft), technicians and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Computer aided design (CAD) Computer aided engineering (CAE).

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

IT/computer skills Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills.

6.14.8 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace West Midlands.

West Midlands Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)

There were around 9,300 people employed in 230 companies in the transport equipment sector in the West Midlands in 2007. This represents 6% of the GB transport equipment workforce. The largest group of employees were involved in aerospace manufacture (5,700) and the second largest was other transport (2,700). Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 1,110 employees will be needed in transport equipment manufacture in the West Midlands between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within the West Midlands within the Transport equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in the West Midlands other transport

equipment sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Wes

t M

idla

nds

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent %

of

all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in W

est

Mid

land

s.

Total

Male Female

8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,490 1,430 60 42,620 4% 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,240 1,230 20 32,190 4% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 1,050 980 70 50,640 2% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 880 870 10 18,570 5%

2122 Mechanical engineers 630 610 20 7,880 8%

8133 Routine inspectors and testers 550 500 40 11,250 5%

2126 Design and development engineers 380 370 10 7,990 5%

3119 Science and engineering technicians n.e.c. 370 340 20 14,840 2%

8132 Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods) 350 270 80 15,710 2%

3113 Engineering technicians 350 340 10 4,030 9% Source: Census 2001

261

Transport equipment ( including marine and aerospace) skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the transport equipment sector in the West Midlands were:

• Multi-skills

All engineering manufacturing sectors in the West Midlands

95% of the Engineering workforce in the West Midlands is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• The West Midlands accounts for 17% of all Engineering employment and 15% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and automotive.

• The Engineering industry in the West Midlands employs 213,000 people in 10,430 establishments.

• 93% of engineering establishments in the West Midlands employ less than 50 people. • The West Midlands has particular concentrations of employment in the automotive and

metals sectors when compared to the rest of Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Birmingham, Sandwell,

Walsall, Coventry, Dudley and Telford and Wrekin.

Training and skills and recruitment

• Over 15,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in the West Midlands during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 3,480 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in the West Midlands during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades (68%) and process plant and machine operatives (18%).

The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills Lack of applicants with required work experience.

17% of engineering employees in the West Midlands have no qualifications. Around 40% of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 110,000 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

15,400 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 5,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 13,000 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 36,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 39,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 4,700 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in the West Midlands, to replace those retiring.

262

Skills Gaps

• Employers in the West Midlands expected that skills gaps for operators and professionals would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skill given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Tool setting, Fabrication, Materials requirement planning (MRPII) Welding.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

6.14.9 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace Yorkshire and the Humber Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, and skill shortages Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace) Yorkshire and the Humber

There were around 4,300 people employed in 170 companies in the transport equipment sector in the West Midlands in 2007. This represents 3% of the GB transport equipment workforce. The largest group of employees were involved in aerospace manufacture (2,600) and the second largest was other transport (1,100). Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 815 employees will be needed in transport equipment manufacture in Yorkshire and the Humber between 2007 and 2014.

263

Top ten occupations within Yorkshire and the Humber - Transport equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in Yorkshire and the Humber Other

transport Equipment Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Yor

kshi

re

and

the

Hum

ber.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent %

all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

th

is o

ccup

atio

n in

Yo

rksh

ire a

nd th

e H

umbe

r.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 1,520 1,500 10 28,150 5% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 660 630 20 24,660 3% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 460 440 20 37,950 1% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 270 250 10 7,830 3% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 270 260 0 18,750 1% 2122 Mechanical engineers 220 210 10 4,960 4% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 200 180 20 25,360 1% 5232 Vehicle body builders and repairers 200 200 0 3,470 6% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 200 190 10 7,680 3% 2128 Planning and quality control engineers 180 150 30 2,970 6%

Source: Census 2001

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Yorkshire and the Humber

95% of the Engineering workforce in Yorkshire and the Humber is employed on a full-time basis.

Employment in the region

• Yorkshire and the Humber accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 10% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• The Engineering industry in Yorkshire and the Humber employs 118,900 people in 6,780 establishments.

• The largest sectors in terms of employment are metal products, mechanical equipment and automotive.

• 98% of engineering establishments in Yorkshire and the Humber employ less than 50 people.

• There are above average concentrations of employment in the metals and mechanical equipment sectors when compared to Great Britain.

• Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Sheffield, Leeds, Bradford, Kirklees, Rotherham and Kingston upon Hull.

•

264

Training and skills and recruitment

• Nearly 8,000 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in Yorkshire and the Humber during March 2006/7.

• There were an estimated 1,650 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in Yorkshire and the Humber during 2007. These vacancies were mainly for process plant and machine operatives (39%) and skilled trades/craft (28%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were:

Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills General lack of applicants Lack of applicants with required work experience.

10% of engineering employees in Yorkshire and the Humber have no qualifications. Around 28% of those employed in management and core technical occupations are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a need to up skill more than 40,600 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

3,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 4,600 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 6,300 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 12,100 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 14,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 4,100 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Yorkshire and the Humber, to replace those retiring.

Skills Gaps

• Employers in Yorkshire and the Humber expected skills gaps for technicians, professionals and operators would have the most significant effect on their business.

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Materials requirement planning (MRP) General engineering skills.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

265

6.14.10 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace England England Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)

There were around 121,400 people employed in 2,560 companies in the transport equipment sector in England in 2007. This represents 84% of the GB transport equipment workforce. The largest group of employees were involved in aerospace manufacture (81,400) and the second largest was marine (27,000). Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 21,390 employees will be needed in transport equipment manufacture in England between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within England within the Transport equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in England Other transport Equipment Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

En

glan

d (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent

% o

f all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in

Engl

and.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 21,930

21,640 290 251,090 9%

1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 11,620

10,740 880 412,500 3%

8125 Metal working machine operatives 11,450 10,97

0 480 214,820 5% 2122 Mechanical engineers 8,730 8,490 250 73,580 12% 5315 Carpenters and joiners 4,990 4,930 60 196,750 3% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 4,960 4,610 350 72,940 7% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 4,790 4,730 60 65,140 7% 2126 Design and development engineers 4,160 4,030 140 55,830 7% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 4,000 3,940 60 167,370 2% 2132 Software professionals 3,810 3,480 340 230,890 2% Source: Census 2001 Transport equipment skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the transport equipment sector in England were: • Materials Requirement Planning (MRP11) • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • CNC Machine Operation • Multi-skills • Aircraft engineering

266

All engineering manufacturing sectors in England

A very high proportion of the Engineering workforce in England is employed on a full-time basis, accounting for about 94% of total employment in the industry.

• England accounts for 86% of all Engineering employment and 90% of all Engineering establishments in Great Britain.

• Based on the Annual Business Inquiry 2006 there are an estimated 1.1 million employees and over 65,000 employers in the Engineering industry in England16.

• 93% of engineering establishments in England employ less than 50 people.

Training and skills and recruitment

• 11% of engineering employees in England have no qualifications. Around 33% of the workforce overall are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly half a million people in England across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

76,000 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 57,000 Professionals requiring development to Level 4 and above 96,000 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above 132,000 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 135,000 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Skills Gaps

Engineering establishments in England were most likely to report skill gaps in skilled trades (8% of establishments), process plant and machine operative occupations and administrative and secretarial occupations (7% of establishments in each case).

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the four main skills gaps in:

CNC Machine Operation, Computer Aided Design (CAD), Welding skills Assembly line/production robotics.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Management skills IT/computer skills Marketing or selling skills

16 The Annual Business Inquiry figures on employment excludes those self employed and casual labour, so is likely to under-estimate the total number of people working in the sector.

267

Demographics 82% of the Engineering workforce in England is male. Although women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (29%) and a relatively low proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (12% or less in each case) within England. 4.9% of English residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (3.0%) being Asian or Asian British and 1.0% Black or Black British. This represents a somewhat lower proportion of working Black or Minority Ethnic residents than the average for all employment in England. The profile of the Engineering workforce is an ageing one when compared to all sectors in the English economy. 43% of the Engineering workforce in England is aged 45-64 compared with 38% in all sectors in England. This is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

268

6.14.11 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace Scotland Scotland Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)

There were around 12,600 people employed in 200 companies in the transport equipment sector in Scotland in 2007. This represents 9% of the GB transport equipment workforce. The largest group of employees were involved in marine manufacture (6,000) and the second largest was aerospace (5,500). Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 2,170 employees will be needed in transport equipment manufacture in Scotland between 2007 and 2014. Top ten occupations within Scotland within Transport equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in Scotland Other transport Equipment

Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Sco

tland

. (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent %

of

all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in S

cotla

nd.

Total Male Female 5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 2,900 2,880 20 26,120 11% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 1,250 1,220 30 18,410 7% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 950 900 50 33,660 3% 5214 Metal plate workers; shipwrights; riveters 770 760 10 2,080 37% 5215 Welding trades 760 750 10 7,350 10% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 720 710 10 19,600 4% 2122 Mechanical engineers 640 610 30 7,270 9% 5221 Metal machining setters and setter-operators 530 530 0 4,370 12% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 520 460 60 7,740 7% 5315 Carpenters and joiners 390 390 0 26,900 1%

Source: Census 2001 Transport equipment ( including marine and aerospace) skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the transport equipment sector in Scotland were: • Assembly line/ production robotics • Electronics • Mechanical fitters

269

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Scotland 95% of employment within the Engineering industry in Scotland is full-time. This proportion of full-time employment is similar across all Engineering sectors in Scotland and is similar to the proportion of full time workers in engineering in Great Britain. • Scotland accounts for 9% of all Engineering employment and 6% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in Scotland employs around 94,600 people in 6,090

establishments. • 91% of engineering establishments in Scotland employ less than 50 people. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are electronics, metal products and

mechanical equipment. • There are particular concentrations of employment in the marine and electronics

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around the City of Glasgow, Fife,

South Lanarkshire, the City of Aberdeen, North Lanarkshire and West Lothian. Training and skills and recruitment 9% of engineering employees in Scotland have no qualifications. Around 24% of the current workforce in management and core technical occupations is under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly 29,000 people across management and core technical occupations.

This represents:

900 Managers requiring development to SVQ Level 3 and above 5,700 Professional Engineers requiring development to SVQ Level 4 and above 6,400 Technicians requiring development to SVQ Level 4 and above 7,500 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to SVQ Level 3 and above 8,400 Operators requiring development to SVQ Level 2 and above Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,600 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Scotland, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in Scotland expected skills gaps for professionals to have the most significant effect on their business

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels; with the three main skills gaps in:

CNC machine operations, Computer aided design (CAD) Materials requirement planning (MRPII).

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) IT/computer skills Management skills Marketing or selling skills

270

Demographics

81% of the Engineering workforce in Scotland is male.

Women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, although there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (31%). The proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (12% and 11% respectively) on the other hand is extremely low within Scotland.

Based on data from the Census 2001, 6% of Scotland’s Engineering workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in the nation, and marginally lower than the figure for the UK.

0.8% of Scotland residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being Asian or Asian British and Chinese or ‘other’ ethnic group (0.3%). This represents a somewhat lower proportion of working Black or Minority Ethnic residents than the average for all employment in the Scottish economy.

The profile of the Engineering workforce is an ageing one when compared to all sectors in the Scottish economy. 42% of the Engineering workforce in Scotland is aged 45-64 compared with 38% in all sectors in Scotland. This is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

271

6.14.12 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace Wales Wales Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)

There were around 11,200 people employed in 160 companies in the transport equipment sector in Wales in 2007. This represents 8% of the GB transport equipment workforce. The largest group of employees were involved in aerospace manufacture (9,900) and the second largest was other transport (700). Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a total requirement of 1,470 employees will be needed in transport equipment manufacture in Wales between 2007 and 2014.

Top ten occupations within Wales within the Transport equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in Wales Other transport Equipment Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Wal

es.

(All

engi

neer

ing)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent %

of

all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in W

ales

.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 3,120 3,080 40 18,480 17% 2122 Mechanical engineers 930 920 10 3,750 25% 3113 Engineering technicians 680 670 10 2,850 24% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 610 560 50 15,550 4% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 480 450 30 17,120 3% 9139 Labourers in process and plant operations n.e.c. 340 280 60 20,560 2% 3119 Science and engineering technicians n.e.c. 310 280 20 9,500 3% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 260 250 10 4,740 5% 5241 Electricians; electrical fitters 240 230 10 10,260 2% 4150 General office assistants/clerks 230 40 190 36,270 1%

Source: Census 2001

Transport equipment ( including marine and aerospace) skills gaps.

The main technical and Engineering skills gaps across craft, operator, technician and professional Engineering occupations in the transport equipment sector in Wales were: • General Engineering skills • Electronics • Electrical Engineering

272

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Wales 97% of employment within the Engineering industry in Wales is full-time. This proportion of full-time employment is similar across all Engineering sectors in Wales and is similar to the proportion of full time workers in engineering in Great Britain. • Wales accounts for 6% of all Engineering employment and 4% of all Engineering

establishments in Great Britain. • The Engineering industry in Wales employs 79,600 people in 4,940 establishments. • 91% of engineering establishments in Wales employ less than 50 people. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are automotive, basic metals, mechanical

equipment and aerospace. • There are particular concentrations of employment in the basic metals and aerospace

sectors when compared to Great Britain. • Engineering employment is geographically concentrated around Flintshire, Neath Port

Talbot, Newport, Rhondda, Cynon and Taff, Bridgend and Wrexham. Training and skills and recruitment 11% of engineering employees in Wales have no qualifications. Around 29% of the current workforce in management and core technical occupations is under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill nearly 27,900 people across management and core technical occupations

This represents

• 2,600 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above • 2,200 Professional Engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above • 4,200 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above • 6,700 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above • 12,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 2,000 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Wales, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps

• Employers in Wales expected skills gaps for professionals to have the most significant effect on their business

• The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and engineering skills at all levels, with the three main technical skills gaps in:

Computer aided design (CAD) CNC machine operations and tool setting.

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were

Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) IT/computer skills Management skills Marketing or selling skills

273

Demographics 84% of the Engineering workforce in Wales is male.

Women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, although there are a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment sector (32%). The proportion of females working within the metals (11%) automotive (11%) and other transport equipment sectors (8%) is extremely low within Wales.

Based on data from the Census 2001, 7% of the Welsh Engineering industry workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in Wales and the UK.

1.1% of Welsh residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or Minority Ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being Asian or Asian British, Mixed (0.3%) and Chinese or ‘other’ ethnic group (0.3%). This broadly mirrors the position within all sectors within Wales, although there are a slightly higher proportion of Asian or Asian British workers in Wales as a whole.

40% of the Engineering workforce in Wales is aged 45-64 compared with 39% across all sectors in the Welsh economy. This profile is an area of concern to all of the engineering sectors since retirement represents the loss of skilled and experienced employees.

274

6.14.13 Transport equipment manufacture, including marine and aerospace Northern Ireland . Northern Ireland Transport equipment manufacture, ( including marine and aerospace)

There were around 5,400 people employed in aerospace, 300 in marine and 400 in other transport equipment sector in Northern Ireland in 200717. This represents 5% of the UK aerospace, 1% UK marine and 3% of UK other transport equipment workforce. Whilst some occupations within the sector are decreasing, before the recent economic situation it was estimated that a requirement of 150 employees per year would be needed in transport equipment manufacture in Northern Ireland between 2005 and 2014. Northern Ireland has above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace sector. Top ten occupations within Northern Ireland within the Transport Equipment sector

Occupation

Employment in Northern Ireland Other transport

Equipment Sector

Tota

l peo

ple

in th

is

occu

patio

n in

Nor

ther

n Ire

land

. (A

ll en

gine

erin

g)

Tran

spor

t equ

ipm

ent %

of

all

engi

neer

ing

empl

oyee

s in

this

oc

cupa

tion

in N

I.

Total

Male Female

5223 Metal working production and maintenance fitters 2,210 2,200 10 10,040 22% 8125 Metal working machine operatives 550 520 30 6,960 8% 8129 Plant and machine operatives 370 300 70 1,210 31% 1121 Production; works and maintenance managers 350 330 30 8,220 4% 5214 Metal plate workers; shipwrights; riveters 250 250 0 400 63% 8133 Routine inspectors and testers 250 240 10 2,160 12% 2122 Mechanical Engineers 210 210 <10 1,160 18% 5213 Sheet metal workers 210 210 0 700 30% 9149 Other goods handling and storage occupations 190 180 <10 8,540 2% 8116 Plastics process operatives 190 170 20 1,150 16%

Source: NI Census 2001

17 Source: Northern Ireland Census of Employment 2007, NISRA

275

All engineering manufacturing sectors in Northern Ireland 96% of the Engineering workforce is employed on a full-time basis. • Northern Ireland accounts for 3% of all UK Engineering employment and 2.5% of all UK

Engineering establishments. • The Engineering industry in Northern Ireland employs over 33,200 people (39,600

including self employed and casual labour) in 1,780 establishments. • The largest sectors in terms of employment are the electrical and electronics sector

and the metals sectors. • Northern Ireland has above average concentrations of employment in the aerospace and

electronics sectors when compared to the UK. • 95% of establishments employ less than 50 people.

Training and skills and recruitment • Over 2,500 people were recruited into the Engineering industry in Northern Ireland

between March 2006 and 2007. • There were an estimated 535 hard-to-fill vacancies within engineering companies in

Northern Ireland during 2006. These vacancies were mainly for skilled trades/craft (56%) and professional occupations (16%).

• The main reasons given by employers for hard-to-fill vacancies were Lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills, Lack of applicants with required work experience General lack of applicants. 13% of engineering employees in Northern Ireland have no qualifications and many more are under-qualified for their roles. It is estimated that there is a potential to up skill more than 14,000 people across management and core technical occupations: This represents:

950 Managers requiring development to Level 3 and above 150 Professional Engineers requiring development to Level 4 and above 1,650 Technicians requiring development to Level 4 and above `3,300 Skilled Trades (Craft) requiring development to Level 3 and above 8,200 Operators requiring development to Level 2 and above

Additionally, there is an annual requirement for training about 1,350 new recruits across all occupations into the Engineering sector in Northern Ireland, to replace those retiring. Skills Gaps • Employers in Northern Ireland expected skills gaps for operators, craftspersons and

technicians would have the most significant effect on their business. • The main skills given by employers as lacking in employees were technical and

engineering skills at all levels; with the main technical skills gaps in: Welding, CNC machine operations, Mechanical engineering skills, Metalworking Electrical engineering skills.

276

• The generic skills gaps highlighted were Management skills Key or core personal skills (such as communication, numeracy, literacy, problem solving and working with others.) Marketing or selling skills Demographics 82% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is male. Although women are under represented across all sectors of engineering in craft, skilled, professional and management job roles, 18% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is female, mirroring the figure for the UK as a whole. There is a relatively high proportion of females working within the electrical equipment and electronics sector (28%) which traditionally has a concentration of women employed in assembly roles. The predominance of women in these roles could increasingly become an issue if the engineering manufacturing sector maintains the trend of moving assembly type occupations to countries where labour is cheaper. There are a relatively low proportion of females working within the automotive and other transport equipment sectors (10-11%) within Northern Ireland. Based on data from the NI Census 2001, 6% of Northern Ireland Engineering industry workforce had a limiting long-term illness in 2001, mirroring the figure for all sectors in Northern Ireland and the UK. 0.5% of Northern Ireland residents working within the Engineering industry were from a Black or minority ethnic group, with the majority (0.3%) being classified as Chinese or ‘Other’ ethnic group. Only 32% of the Engineering workforce in Northern Ireland is aged 45-64 compared with 42% of the UK Engineering workforce. Although Engineering in Northern Ireland has a relatively low age profile, in the longer term the age profile of the workforce could be an issue if not enough young people are recruited into the industry (only 12% of the current Engineering workforce is aged 16-24 years old).

277

7. Science Industries (Bioscience sector) 7.1 A brief description of what the sub-sector covers at UK and GB level

Bioscience is a blanket term generally employed to describe situations and sectors where biological processes and/or knowledge is used in the development and manufacturing of innovative new products. It is a strongly science influenced area and utilises a range of STEM disciplines in its endeavours. The bioscience sector relies heavily on research and development, although its manufacturing operations are also becoming increasingly dependent on additional scientific skills. The bulk of the bioscience research, development and manufacturing takes place in private companies but public bodies also have a major role to play with government funded university research being a rich source of new concepts to explore and the NHS being a valuable partner in translating innovations in the life sciences to real patient benefit. The sector skills councils Semta and Cogent both have an interest in companies carrying out this work and the people employed there. The manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemicals and botanical products are covered by Cogent SSC. and the following describes the areas of occupation that Semta covers. Science Industries (Bioscience sector) and Semta The Bioscience areas of employment and employers that Semta represents can be described by the following:

• Research based pharmaceutical companies that discover, develop, market and distribute medication and drugs;

• Research and development in pharmaceutical manufacturing companies; • Bioscience companies that are a spin-off from university research departments; • The application of bioscience to produce innovative medicines, therapeutics and

medical devices; • The application of bioscience for the processing and production of materials i.e. the

use of bioscience in engineering industries. (Excluding agricultural bio-technology and bioscience that is for the processing and production of chemicals and energy)

• Research and experimental development.

Standard Industrial Codes covered by Science Industry (Bioscience)

Science Industries (Bioscience)

Pharmaceuticals 24.41 & 24.42 (covers Research and Development (R&D) activity

within Pharmaceuticals (24.4)

Drug development, testing, approval, manufacture and administration

Manufacture of medical and surgical

equipment and orthopaedic appliances (33.10)

Bioinformatics, diagnostics, therapeutics, medical biotechnology, devices

Science and Engineering R & D (73.10)

Mathematics, physics, astronomy, chemistry, life sciences, medical sciences, earth sciences, agriculture

Source: Office for National Statistics, Standard Industrial Classification, 2003

278

The structure of the Science Industry (Bioscience) sector footprint

Workplaces Many areas within the science industry are relatively young and are developing all the time. Total employment is difficult to estimate due to the structure of the businesses and ways in which the businesses are defined. An estimated employment figure of 191,000 includes those involved in research and development with science qualifications as well as those with other qualifications and job roles that are not science related but are essential to the business. This figure in terms of UK employment is based on these three major specialist areas:

• Biotechnology • Research and Development within the Pharmaceutical Industry, and • Research and Development resulting in the production of medical devices and

equipment; Bioscience-related companies tend to be located in clusters, sometimes on what are known as science parks and sometimes linked with university hospitals, one of the most significant cluster groups is around what is known as the ‘golden triangle‘, of Cambridge, Oxford and London. There is also a large cluster in the North West of England, where there is a long established pharmaceutical industry. In Scotland clusters are centered around the Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow triangle. In Wales and Northern Ireland clusters of companies are centered around their main universities.

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Bioscience and the manufacture of medical and surgical equipment covers a wide range of companies from large multinational enterprises to micro companies with fewer than 10 employees. A significant number of the smaller companies begin as University spin offs, where a scientific discovery at the university has prompted university staff to establish a business to assess the commercial / technological potential of that science This map shows the distribution of employees in the science sectors across GB. Distribution of employment in the Science Industries

Science Industries Employment

5,000+ (4)1,000 to 4,999 (54)

500 to 999 (51)250 to 499 (54)100 to 249 (84)

0 to 99 (133)

Source: ABI 2007. Data are not available for Northern Ireland. Note: The numbers in brackets refer to the total number of local authorities in this employment band.

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Science Industries sector employment Science Industries

Sic Code Sector England Scotland WalesNorthern Ireland UK Total

24.4 Pharmaceutical (24.41 & 24.42) 39,500 3,500 3,600 1,700 48,300

33.1

Manufacture of medical and surgical equipment and orthopaedic appliances 28,900 2,400 2,500 700 34,500

73.1 R & D 97,600 8,400 1,500 700 108,200

24.4, 33.1, 73.1

Total Science Industries (pharma, R&D and medical equipment) 166,000 14,300 7,600 3,100* 191,000

Source: Annual Business Inquiry 2008, ONS NI figures taken from NI Annual Business Inquiry 2008 * Figure been based on NI Annual Business Inquiry 2007 Number of Science Industry establishments Science Industries

SIC Code Sector England Scotland WalesNorthern Ireland UK Total

24.4 Pharmaceutical (24.41 & 24.42) 550 30 30 20 630

33.1

Manufacture of medical and surgical equipment and orthopaedic appliances 1,590 100 90 60 1,840

73.1 R & D 3,460 350 150 60 4,02024.4, 33.1, 73.1

Total pharma, R&D and medical equipment 5,600 480 270 140 6,490

Source: Annual Business Inquiry 2008, ONS

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The following map highlights that the South East and East of England have the largest Science Industry (Bioscience) employment in the UK.

Distribution of employment and establishments around the UK

Northern IrelandEstablishments: 140Employment: 3,100

LondonEstabllishments : 840Employment: 20,400South East

Establishments: 1,260Employment: 49,200

East of EnglandEstabllishments: 900Employment: 30,500

Yorkshire and the HumberEstablishments: 450Employment: 10,800

ScotlandEstablishments: 480Employment: 14,300

East MidlandsEstablishments: 390Employment: 8,700

South WestEstablishments: 560Employment:15,500

North EastEstablishments: 200Employment: 7,600

North WestEstablishments: 580Employment: 17,800

West MidlandsEstablishments: 420Employment: 5,300

Wales/CymruEstablishments: 270Employment: 7,600

Source: Annual Business Inquiry 2008, ONS Please note Northern Ireland Figures based on NI Annual Business Inquiry 2007, IDBR 2008

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This map shows the distribution of companies across GB Distribution of establishments in the Science Industries

Science Industries Establishments

100+ (2)50 to 99 (10)25 to 49 (47)0 to 24 (321)

Source: ABI 2007. Data are not available for Northern Ireland. Note: The numbers in brackets refer to the total number of local authorities in this establishment band.

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Demographics Gender

From the 2006 survey18, it was found that women were well represented in roles such as laboratory technicians (59%) and laboratory scientists (52%). Women account for approximately 42% of the workforce with 30% of companies surveyed employing a majority of women. Looking more closely at the gender breakdown by occupational group, there are smaller percentages of women working in professional and managerial roles for instance only 36% of senior researchers and 27% of science managers from the surveyed companies are female. Age Profile Employment in bioscience has a young age profile. Most employees working for the 178 companies surveyed19 were in the 25-44 age group (56%), 13% were aged under 25, 22% were aged between 45 and 54, and 8% were aged over 55. Employers at 17% of the companies reported that retirement of crucial scientific staff was causing a problem and this is an issue across a range of occupations from senior scientists, managers, laboratory scientists and technicians, researchers and production and design engineers, to sales and marketing staff.

7.2 Information on careers available and new emerging jobs, transferability of skills

career paths and opportunities for progression

a) Careers currently available Careers in science, research and development are all about making best use of scientific knowledge and pushing forward the knowledge frontiers in science and technology. This work could include ways to improve medicines and the methods in which they are delivered, sophisticated equipment to aid doctors in diagnosing illness, and technology to improve materials used in, for example, active skin grafting for burns patients as well as the fundamental research that has potential to generate medical and technological breakthroughs. There are many research and development roles that require scientists from the areas of biology, physics, chemistry and specialist areas such as those combining these disciplines with mathematics, materials science and medical technology. This is particularly true for biologists and chemists, who may find employment in the health, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals sectors. Scientific roles may include scientific research where medicinal chemists, synthetic chemists, biologists and molecular biologists may be involved in drug discovery, laboratory technicians who may be responsible for designing and running screening tests as well as working with research scientists and junior laboratory technicians who may carry out some of the routine testing and monitoring tasks in the laboratory. Many universities have cutting edge research and development departments themselves employing researchers, senior scientists and technicians who carry out work that may lead to discoveries and developments that could be the basis of new understanding or treatments for disease. Some of these people may work between universities and an employer or even between a research and development company and a hospital or other health related organisation.

18 Between July and August 2006 a telephone interview survey was undertaken by Semta asking about the skills and training issues of the pharmaceutical and bioscience sectors. The survey collected data from 178 employers in the pharmaceutical and bioscience industrial sector, employing nearly 27,500 people.18. 19 Semta Bioscience labour market survey 2006 and Bioscience Sector Skills agreement.

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Other roles might include clinical researchers involved in developing products and ensuring they are safe for medical applications through trials and testing, medical writers and patent staff who may be involved in drafting patent applications to secure the rights of scientists or companies’ inventions and breakthroughs. In some bioscience companies manufacturing can be involved and in these cases there would be roles for people involved in engineering such as maintenance engineers and technicians who have background, knowledge and experience in problem solving, practical skills, production methods and expertise in using a range of tools, equipment and machinery as well as being able to interpret drawings and diagrams. Some areas of the Bioscience sector, particularly the development of medical and diagnostic equipment, may require professional engineers and designers with an understanding of the medical applications of electronics and materials for developing pacemakers, prosthetic limbs and medical devices that may be used in surgery. Close working with biological scientists and medical specialists is essential though and knowledge of biological processes and human physiology will be essential. In larger manufacturing companies there may also be roles available for people to operate packing machines, quality check products or oversee the manufacturing processes.

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Top 25 occupations within the Science industry in the UK

These top 25 occupations shown in the table accounted for 59% of the workforce within the sector in the UK, with the top five specific occupational groups accounting for 37% of the Science Industry workforce in the UK20.

Top 25 occupations within the Science Industry in the UK

Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) % of all occupations

2112 Bio scientists & biochemists 8%1132 Marketing & sales managers 4%1137 Research & development managers 4%3542 Sales representatives 4%4150 General office assistants or clerks 3%8114 Chemical & related process operatives 3%1121 Production works & maintenance managers 3%2111 Chemists 2%3111 Laboratory technicians 2%1136 Information & communication technology managers 2%9134 Packers, bottlers, canners, fillers 2%2321 Scientific researchers 2%3218 Medical & dental technicians 2%4215 Personal assistants & other secretaries 2%8139 Assemblers & routine operatives nec. 2%4122 Accounts wages clerk, bookkeeper 2%1141 Quality assurance managers 2%2329 Researchers n.e.c. 1%3113 Engineering technicians 1%2132 Software professionals 1%2213 Pharmacists & pharmacologists 1%3543 Marketing associate professionals 1%2423 Management consultants, actuaries, economists & statisticians 1%2422 Management accountants 1%5249 Electrical & electronic engineer n.e.c. 1% All Other Occupations 41%Source: Labour Force Survey 2008, ONS

20 Analysis is based on LFS 2008 data

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Top 10 occupations in Pharmaceuticals The top 10 occupations within the UK’s Pharmaceutical sector accounted for 41% of the workforce within the sector, with the top five specific occupational groups accounting for 27% of the pharmaceutical sector workforce in the UK. Top 10 occupations within the Pharmaceutical sector in the UK

Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) % of all occupations

2112 Bio scientists & biochemists 8%8114 Chemical & related process operatives 6%3542 Sales representatives 5%1132 Marketing & sales managers 4%9134 Packers, bottlers, canners, fillers 4%1121 Production works & maintenance managers 4%2111 Chemists 3%1137 Research & development managers 3%2213 Pharmacists & pharmacologists 2%4150 General office assistants or clerks 2% All Other Occupations 59%Source: Labour Force Survey 2008, ONS Top 10 occupations in Medical Devices

The top 10 occupations within the UK’s Medical Devices sector accounted for 43% of the workforce within the sector, with the top five specific occupational groups accounting for 35% of the medical devices sector workforce in the UK. Top 10 occupations within the Medical Devices sector in the UK

Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)

% of all occupations

3218 Medical & dental technicians 7%4150 General office assistants or clerks 6%1132 Marketing & sales managers 6%3542 Sales representatives 6%1121 Production works & maintenance managers 4%8139 Assemblers & routine operatives nec. 4%4122 Accounts wages clerk, bookkeeper 3%8125 Metal working machine operatives 3%2112 Bio scientists & biochemists 2%3113 Engineering technicians 2% All Other Occupations 57% Source: Labour Force Survey 2008, ONS

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Top 10 occupations in Science and Engineering Research and Development

The top 10 occupations within the UK’s Science and Engineering R&D sector accounted for 51% of the workforce within the sector, with the top five specific occupational groups accounting for 36% of the research and development sector workforce in the UK. Top 10 occupations within the Science and Engineering R&D sector in the UK

Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)

% of all occupations

2112 Bio scientists & biochemists 14%1137 Research and development managers 9%3111 Laboratory technicians 5%2329 Researchers n.e.c. 4%1136 Info & communication technology managers 4%2111 Chemists 4%4150 General office assistants or clerks 3%2321 Scientific researchers 3%1132 Marketing & sales managers 3%4215 Personal assistants & other secretaries 2% All Other Occupations 49%Source: Labour Force Survey 2008, ONS

Self employment and part time working in the UK 91% of the pharmaceuticals workforce work full time.21 9% of the pharmaceuticals workforce work part time 88% of the medical devices workforce work full time 12% of the medical devices workforce work part time Self employment in science is quite a low percentage, around 6% for all science occupations as shown in the table below. Associate professionals and professional occupations have the highest percentages in self employment, this could be due to consultancy roles being more common in those occupations. Table showing percentage employment status for Science Employment status main job (reported) Major occupation group (main job)

Employee Self employed

Government scheme

Unpaid family worker

Total

1 Managers and Senior Officials 95% 5% 0% 0% 100%2 Professional occupations 92% 8% 0% 0% 100%3 Associate Professional and Technical 89% 11% 0% 0% 100%4 Administrative and Secretarial 96% 4% 0% 1% 100%5 Skilled Trades Occupations 100% 0% 0% 0% 100%6 Personal Service Occupations 100% 0% 0% 0% 100%7 Sales and Customer Service Occupations 100% 0% 0% 0% 100%

8 Process, Plant and Machine Operatives 100% 0% 0% 0% 100%

9 Elementary Occupations 100% 0% 0% 0% 100%Total 94% 6% 0% 0% 100%Source LFS 2008 data

21 2008 LFS data

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Some major job roles in the sector include the following:

Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles. Some of the occupations listed describe people that will most usually be employed within the healthcare services and NHS (covered by the Sector Skills Council Skills for Health), although science, bioscience and science research and development companies will also employ people in similar occupational roles.

Managers, Senior researchers/Scientists and professional science occupations Analytical chemist or Analytical scientists Biochemist22 Biomedical engineer23 Biomedical scientist Biologist Biotechnologist Clinical scientist Microbiologist Physicist Research Scientist Associate professional and technical occupations Education Lab Technician Laboratory technicians Medical laboratory assistant Scientific laboratory technician24 Engineering / manufacturing roles within science companies Biochemical Engineer25 Chemical engineer (also see Cogent job titles) Engineering Maintenance Technician Manufacturing Production Manager Process / product Design Engineer Production Engineer

b) New and emerging jobs The businesses are competitive and fast moving with pressure to protect new ideas and inventions and ensure that products such as medicines and medical devices are safely tested and developed before being introduced for public use. The equipment and software that is being developed for the industry and the skills that will be needed to analyse the millions of samples and tests for drug development, will require people with strong mathematical understanding, the area of bioinformatics has already been identified as an area where it is difficult to recruit people with the required experience and skills. Future science professionals will need to have even greater strengths in both IT and mathematical analysis alongside their knowledge of biology and chemistry, and such multidisciplinary understanding is already being identified by some employers as an area that some new graduates are lacking.

22 Careers Advisory Service profile 23 Prospects AGCAS occupational profile 24 Prospects AGCAS occupational profile 25 Prospects AGCAS occupational profile

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Diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, coronary heart disease and diabetes are under constant review as breakthroughs in understanding are made and greater knowledge of the causes of and treatment for these diseases are made. Whilst these may not make the news every day, scientists in this sector explore these new findings and constantly seek to improve the drugs and treatments available and even the way in which the drugs if required, may be delivered. This will require professional scientists and research managers who can understand these breakthroughs and develop even more effective medicines and treatments based on these findings. In the medical devices sector, future developments are likely in the equipment used to scan, identify and diagnose disease. These improvements could lead to earlier diagnosis, assisting doctors and medical teams in their efforts to improve a person’s chance of recovery by treating and identifying disease early or by improving a patient’s quality of life by developing better equipment or improved drugs delivery for those with long term conditions. Professional scientists, engineers and those with an understanding of the needs of the medical industry are likely to be needed in future to further improve and develop both the diagnostic and scanning equipment as well as improving the materials and devices used in other medical applications.

With scientific developments proceeding rapidly, employers will be seeking some highly specialist skills which require specialist training and courses. These areas may include bioprocessing and biomanufacturing as the sector moves to the biological delivery of drugs and medicines. There is also a need for multidisciplinary approaches covering genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, IT, mathematics and statistics. Some of this training is provided in the workplace from the companies that sell the computer driven equipment and software.

c) Transferability of skills (within the sector, sections 8 and 9 examine transferability from other sectors) Science roles within the sector Associate professional and technical occupations People in these occupations will have the transferable skills of attention to detail, the ability to record, plan and accurately repeat tests as well as use databases, computers and specialist equipment. If they have higher levels of responsibility, they may plan and set up laboratory equipment and oversee that tests and records are maintained accurately and thoroughly. They may often need to work without close supervision accepting responsibility for the work of themselves and others and will often be relied upon by professional scientists and managers to provide essential support and resource for research and projects being undertaken by the department or the company. Managers, Senior researchers/Scientists and professional science occupations Occupations at professional level within the science and bioscience areas will tend to be people with extensive experience and high qualification levels, sometimes in very specific areas of scientific expertise. Some may be PhD research graduates, others may have some years of responsibility and experience of working in a laboratory, research and development, or a science related manufacturing company.

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Transferable skills would include the ability to lead teams, manage projects and understand the required reporting systems, procedures and ethical responsibilities required by the science and medical industries. Skills such as innovation, ability to organise and communicate ideas clearly, analytical thinking and critical problem solving skills will also be part of this level of role. Involvement in decision making, planning, project and time management skills and the use of specialist computer and software packages to carry out various activities whilst often working with minimal supervision will also be transferable across other scientific and technical occupations. Engineering roles within the sector Managers and senior officials A level of experience is expected from these roles and transferable skills to other engineering and science sectors would be those of team and department leadership, decision making, understanding of production and manufacturing costs, planning and funding. Professional occupations Professional engineers and scientists will usually have a background and at least a first degree in a particular engineering or science discipline and many of these disciplines are transferable across the engineering and some science sectors. Transferable skills would include the ability to organise ideas, produce comprehensive reports, work in teams as part of the day to day operating of the organisation, problem solving, costing solutions, responsibility, involvement in decision making, planning, project and time management skills and the use of specialist computer and software packages to carry out various activities. Associate professional and technical occupations People in these job roles will have similar practical transferable skills to those in skilled trades occupations but they may have greater responsibility for identifying, organising and using resources effectively, completing tasks whilst considering the cost, quality, safety and environmental impact. They will have the ability to apply their mathematical and scientific knowledge when undertaking their work and may often need to work without close supervision accepting responsibility for the work of themselves and others. These skills are transferable across the science and engineering sectors. Skilled trades occupations Most people employed in these roles will have undertaken an apprenticeship and a period of practical experience combined with further studies in some cases. They may be skilled in a particular area such as maintenance in engineering or operating particular test and laboratory equipment in the sciences, but they will all have skills related to understanding and interpreting drawings diagrams and data sets, communicating and working as part of a larger team and have health and safety in the workplace knowledge and experience. Some employees in this group may have skills in setting, programming or using modern numerically controlled machine tools or specialist diagnostic and laboratory equipment, which are all very desirable and transferable skills to other science and engineering sectors. Process, plant and machine operatives People in these types of roles would be familiar with completing forms and documents relating to the number and types of product packaged, checked or completed by them in their work, some of this recording is likely to be carried out on a computer database. Health and safety training is likely to have been undertaken and understanding of safe working practices would be transferable across all sectors. Attention to detail when packing or checking products and visual checking to ensure that faulty items from the machine are not sent to the next stage of packing or manufacture will be part of most roles within this category and would be transferable across engineering and science sectors. Some people employed within these roles may have received specialist training using particular machines.

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7.3 Information on pay scales in the sector

Pay scales for all of these roles will vary depending on the amount of experience the employee has, the level of responsibility and where the work is based geographically, so pay scales given are based on estimates from a number of sources. Also bear in mind that many large science and engineering manufacturing companies may offer incentives for those working shifts or night working.

Managers, Senior researchers/Scientists and professional science occupations

Analytical chemist The starting salary for new graduates is around £20,000 to £23,000. An experienced analytical chemist may earn on average around £33,500. Some analytical chemists with high levels of responsibility earn more than £37,000 a year.

Biochemist The starting salary for new graduates is around £20,000 to £23,000. An experienced biochemist may earn on average around £33,500. Some analytical chemists with high levels of responsibility earn more than £50,000 a year.

Biomedical engineer The starting salary for new graduates is around £20,000 to £24,000. An experienced biomedical engineer may earn on average around £32,500. Some biomedical engineers with high levels of responsibility earn more than £60,000 a year.

Bimoedical scientist Salaries range from at least £20,225 a year for a newly-qualified biomedical scientist. This may earn in the range of up to £64,000 a year for some biomedical scientists at professional manager level.

Biologist The starting salary for new graduates is around £17,000 to £20,000. An experienced biologist may earn on average around £32,500. Some biologists with high levels of responsibility earn more than £45,000 a year.

Biotechnologist The starting salary for new graduates is around £17,000 to £20,000. An experienced biotechnologist may earn on average around £32,500. Some biotechnologists with high levels of responsibility earn more than £44,000 a year.

Clinical scientist The starting salary for new graduates is around £20,000 to £24,000. An experienced clinical scientist may earn on average around £32,500. Some clinical scientists with high levels of responsibility earn more than £60,000 a year.

Microbiologist The starting salary for new graduates is around £17,000 to £20,000. An experienced microbiologist may earn on average around £32,500. Some microbiologists with high levels of responsibility earn more than £50,000 a year.

Physicist The starting salary for new graduates is around £20,000 to £23,000. An experienced physisist may earn on average around £38,500. Some physicists with high levels of responsibility earn more than £44,000 a year.

Research Scientist Graduate salaries may start at around £18,500 a year. Experienced research scientists earn around £30,000 on average. Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £38,000 per year.

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Associate professional and technical occupations Laboratory Technician Salaries for those new to the role may start at around £10,500. Experienced laboratory technicians earn around £20,000 on average. Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £30,000 per year. Education Lab Technician Salaries for those new to the role may start at around £10,500 depending on whether it is a full or part time role. Experienced education lab technicians earn around £20,000 on average. Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £30,000 per year. Medical laboratory assistant Salaries for those new to the role may start at around £10,500. Experienced medical laboratory assistants earn around £20,000 on average. Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £25,000 per year. Scientific laboratory technician26 Salaries for those new to the role may start at around £10,500 depending on whether it is a full or part time role. Experienced scientific laboratory technicians earn around £20,000 on average. Those with extensive experience and responsibility can earn over £30,000 per year.

Engineering / manufacturing roles within the bioscience sector. Biochemical Engineer27 and Chemical engineer (also see Cogent job titles) Starting salary for new graduates can be in the region of ££18,000 and £21,000 a year Biochemical and chemical engineers with experience can earn around £44,000 a year with the highest paid being around £48,00 a year. Engineering Maintenance Technician The starting salary for an engineering maintenance technician undergoing training may be around £15,000 a year. An experienced engineering maintenance technician may earn around £30,000 a year. The most experienced technicians with high levels of responsibility can earn over £38,000. Manufacturing Production Manager The starting salary for new graduates or those new to the role is around £19,000 to £23,000. An experienced production manager may earn on average around £38,500. Some managers with high levels of responsibility earn more than £56,000 a year. Process / Product Design Engineer Starting salaries for new graduates may be between £18,000 and £21,000 a year. Experienced design engineers can earn on average around £35,000 or more, depending on their professional status. Senior design engineers may earn around £45,000 or more. Production Engineer Salaries for production engineers new to the role can start at around £23,000 a year. Production engineers with experience earn around £33,000 on average. Some production engineers with high levels of responsibility can earn over £44,000 per year.

26 Prospects AGCAS occupational profile 27 Prospects AGCAS occupational profile

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7.4 Information on entry requirements, application processes (e.g. Apprenticeships)

Job types described fall into the following categories; Science roles

• Managers, Senior researchers/Scientists and professional science occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations

Engineering roles

• Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about application processes and further sources of assistance are provided under each of these headings.

Science roles

Managers, Senior researchers/Scientists and professional science occupations Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of an experienced Phd or masters graduate with extensive research experience for high responsibility roles. • Recruitment of an experienced Phd or masters graduate

For people working at management and professional levels within companies involved in drug development and science research and development, entry would require a masters degree or Phd qualification along with extensive research experience, often in a specific field. In many cases a job relevant Phd can be the minimum required by employers. For new graduates and those with professional roles but with less overall responsibility for the processes, entry would be for people with a first or upper second class degree in a subject related to the occupation. A well executed final year project could be a bonus for interviewees as would a period of time spent during a summer placement or sandwich placement with an employer Relevant subjects might include biochemistry, biology, chemistry, engineering, genetics, microbiology, physics or physiology. Entry for study leading to work in these roles usually requires A levels in subjects such as biology, chemistry, physics and in some cases mathematics. People would be best advised to choose two sciences plus maths in most cases. It is recommended that adults seeking to take a higher education route spend some time contacting university admission departments and making a plan before choosing A level subjects or Further education courses, since in some cases the university may have access courses or particular routes geared to adult applicants that may not be mentioned on the UCAS details for recent school leavers. Associate professional and technical occupations • External recruitment of an experienced laboratory technician • External recruitment of a new science graduate • Recruitment of school/college leaver to undertake work based training in a supporting

role or to serve an Advanced Apprenticeship

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For those working as laboratory technicians or laboratory assistants, entry may be through a relevant BTEC National Certificate/Diploma or sometimes through an apprenticeship on completion of A levels. In reality, many people employed in these roles are also graduates and the number of people undertaking science HNC/Ds and science apprenticeships is low. Since there is a need to increase the number of capable technicians entering this work, some employers are beginning to make greater use of work based training such as apprenticeships and recruitment from sources other than graduates for these job roles.

School or college leavers in England can use the Learning and Skills Council apprenticeship vacancy website where details about the laboratory based apprenticeships can be available. Looking for companies in the geographical area that you wish to work and exploring the companies’ vacancy and recruitment sections on their websites is also recommended.

Vacancies for professional scientists and managers are often advertised in professional journals and institution websites although the importance of networking and building professional networks cannot be underestimated for occupational roles at professional and managerial level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Vacancies for laboratory assistants or technicians are often advertised on general recruitment sites but also on some of the specialist science recruitment sites listed below.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.abpi-careers.org.uk Very comprehensive site from the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry. http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Science, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://sciencesowhat.direct.gov.uk Science so what? So everything site, ideas and case studies about working in science and the way science touches lives. http://www.futuremorph.org/ Site aimed mainly at young people and parents/advisers, has inspiring ideas and a good introduction to the range of roles that science can lead to. http://www.newscientistjobs.com Job search at New Scientist Jobs. http://www.jobs.ac.uk/ Academic and research vacancies There are a large number of science recruitment and science job search sites on the internet, one that lists a large number of opportunities is http://www.scienceprospects.com/index.asp Other sources of vacancy information would be through the regional cluster networks of bioscience and science companies. See section 7.14 and the professional institutions, some of which are listed below. http://www.iop.org Institute of Physics http://www.ipem.ac.uk/ipem_public Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. http://www.ibms.org The institute of Biomedical Science New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites.

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Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

What do science employers look for in their graduates? While employers experience a range of skills shortages and gaps, they are clear that when they are recruiting, generally at graduate or post graduate level, they are first and foremost looking for the ability to effectively deploy scientific knowledge and skills, with core capabilities in chemistry, biology, physics, engineering and mathematics. Employers are also looking for interdisciplinary awareness, practical skills, experience in industry, the ability to work to regulatory standards and communication skills. In terms of first degrees employers have a preference for four-year degrees (batchelor or masters) and favour degrees with industrial placements. Some combined degrees, if they are with another science or mathematics subjects are relevant to the sector, but other combined degrees are not of use to employers. Employers are also looking to recruit graduates with first or upper second class degrees.

Engineering roles within science companies Professional occupations Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of a graduate or equivalent • External recruitment of Professional Engineer • Advancement from the Advanced Apprenticeship or Higher Apprenticeship.

For those particularly seeking work in a science related company, it is recommended that they view the specialist science vacancy sites although some vacancies in the medical equipment sector may still be advertised in engineering and electronics trade journals and engineering institution magazines as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices.. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Craftspeople and technicians may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working.

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A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.abpi-careers.org.uk Very comprehensive site from the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry. http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Science, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://sciencesowhat.direct.gov.uk Science so what? So everything site, ideas and case studies about working in science and the way science touches lives. http://www.futuremorph.org/ Site aimed mainly at young people and parents/advisers, has inspiring ideas and a good introduction to the range of roles that science can lead to. http://www.newscientistjobs.com Job search at New Scientist Jobs. http://www.jobs.ac.uk Academic and research vacancies http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Electronics http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.electronicsweekly.com/jobs/default.aspx Electronics weekly jobs There are a large number of science recruitment and science job search sites on the internet, one that lists a large number of opportunities is http://www.scienceprospects.com/index.asp Other sources of vacancy information would be through the regional cluster networks of bioscience and science companies. See section 7.14 and the professional institutions, some of which are listed below. http://www.iop.org Institute of Physics http://www.ipem.ac.uk/ipem_public Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. http://www.ibms.org The institute of Biomedical Science New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites. Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring

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Associate professional and technical occupations Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through:

• Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of an Engineering Technician • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

For those particularly seeking work in a science related company, it is recommended that they view the specialist science vacancy sites although some vacancies in the medical equipment sector may still be advertised in engineering and electronics trade journals and engineering institution magazines as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices.. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended since initiative and communication skills are valued in these roles. Apprentices may have the opportunity to secure further studies and development in order to transfer to such roles in the company where they are working and sometimes may be enrolled on a scheme that ensures their opportunity to progress to this type of role.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.abpi-careers.org.uk Very comprehensive site from the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry. http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Science, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://sciencesowhat.direct.gov.uk Science so what? So everything site, ideas and case studies about working in science and the way science touches lives. http://www.futuremorph.org/ Site aimed mainly at young people and parents/advisers, has inspiring ideas and a good introduction to the range of roles that science can lead to. http://www.newscientistjobs.com Job search at New Scientist Jobs. http://www.jobs.ac.uk Academic and research vacancies http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Electronics http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.electronicsweekly.com/jobs/default.aspx Electronics weekly jobs There are a large number of science recruitment and science job search sites on the internet, one that lists a large number of opportunities is http://www.scienceprospects.com/index.asp Other sources of vacancy information would be through the regional cluster networks of bioscience and science companies. See section 7.14 and the professional institutions, some of which are listed below. http://www.iop.org Institute of Physics http://www.ipem.ac.uk/ipem_public Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. http://www.ibms.org The institute of Biomedical Science New graduates may find the following sources useful http://www.prospects.ac.uk One of the main graduate careers information websites.

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Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring Skilled trades occupations

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or adult employee to serve an Advanced

Apprenticeship • External recruitment of skilled Craftspeople • Advancement from the Apprenticeship

Adults seeking to progress from an operative role to an advanced apprenticeship leading to a skilled craft role, should speak to someone in their company responsible for training or human resources. School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website

For those particularly seeking work in a science related company, it is recommended that they view the specialist science vacancy sites although some vacancies in the medical equipment sector may still be advertised in engineering and electronics trade journals and engineering institution magazines as well as local and national newspapers and in Jobcentre Plus offices.. Recruitment agencies may be used to secure staff for roles at this level. Direct approaches to companies through the recruitment sections of their websites are also recommended.

A non exhaustive list of useful web sources is given below http://www.abpi-careers.org.uk Very comprehensive site from the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry. http://www.techxtra.ac.uk/onestepjobs/ Vacancies from a range of Science, Mathematics and computing recruitment/job services collected into one search website. http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.scenta.co.uk/home/jobs.cfm The e-portal of the Engineering and Technology board includes jobs section. http://sciencesowhat.direct.gov.uk Science so what? So everything site, ideas and case studies about working in science and the way science touches lives. http://www.futuremorph.org/ Site aimed mainly at young people and parents/advisers, has inspiring ideas and a good introduction to the range of roles that science can lead to. http://www.newscientistjobs.com Job search at New Scientist Jobs. http://www.thecareerengineer.com/engineering-jobs/Electronics http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk includes information about working and jobseeking in mainland Europe. http://www.engineeringjobs.co.uk/ Mainly recruitment agency jobs. http://www.theiet.org/careers/jobs/index.cfm Website of the institution of Engineering and Technology. http://www.electronicsweekly.com/jobs/default.aspx Electronics weekly jobs

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There are a large number of science recruitment and science job search sites on the internet, one that lists a large number of opportunities is http://www.scienceprospects.com/index.asp Other sources of vacancy information would be through the regional cluster networks of bioscience and science companies. See section 7.14 and the professional institutions, some of which are listed below. http://www.iop.org Institute of Physics http://www.ipem.ac.uk/ipem_public Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. http://www.ibms.org The institute of Biomedical Science Gender specific websites and resources for job seeking. Women interested in advice and guidance to guide them in choosing careers in engineering, science and technology or for women with qualifications and experience who have taken career breaks but are keen to rejoin these industries may find the following organisations offer some interesting support and opportunities. The UK resource centre for women in Science, Engineering and Technology. Open University course T161 Return to Science Engineering and Technology Mentoring Process, plant and machine operatives

Application processes and entry to these types of job roles may be through: • Recruitment of school/college leaver or employee to serve an Apprenticeship. • External recruitment of a trained Operative or assembler • Advancement from the Young Apprenticeship School or college leavers can use the following useful link that gives web links and suggestions for securing an apprenticeship Finding an apprenticeship. In addition, in England, the Learning and Skills Council have an apprenticeship vacancy website

Vacancies may be advertised through local press and Jobcentre Plus offices, sometimes recruitment via employment agencies and also direct approaches by individuals to employers. 7.5 Qualifications

Job types fall into the following categories; Science roles within the science sector

• Managers, Senior researchers/Scientists and professional science occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations

Engineering roles within the science sector Job types fall into the following categories;

• Managers and senior officials • Professional occupations • Associate professional and technical occupations • Skilled trades occupations • Process, plant and machine operatives • Elementary occupations

Information about qualifications are provided under each of these headings.

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Science roles within the science sector

Managers, Senior researchers/Scientists and professional science occupations

Analytical chemist or Analytical scientists Biochemist28 Biomedical engineer29 Biomedical scientist Biologist Biotechnologist Clinical scientist Microbiologist Physicist Research Scientist

• Usually have a Phd or Masters degree; this may be in a specific science subject or in

the case of a Phd cover a specific area of scientific research. • Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two

or three A levels, the combinations vary depending on the course so checking the course entry requirements is recommended.

Associate professional and technical occupations Education Lab Technician Laboratory technicians Medical laboratory assistant Scientific laboratory technician30

• Most employed in these occupations have a Masters or BSc degree; • Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two

or three A levels, the combinations vary depending on the course so checking the course entry requirements is recommended.

• Some employed in these occupations have HNC, HND, BTEC and/or A levels in a relevant science subject

• There is a laboratory apprenticeship framework that some employers may offer.

Engineering / manufacturing roles within science companies Manufacturing Production Manager

Managers and senior officials

Qualifications – • Often have a degree, this may be in an engineering discipline or in a subject specific

to management or production management. • May have a higher national certificate/diploma (HNC/HND) combined with extensive

working experience such as having completed an advanced apprenticeship. • Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two

or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

28 Careers Advisory Service profile 29 Prospects AGCAS occupational profile 30 Prospects AGCAS occupational profile

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Professional occupations

Biochemical Engineer31 Chemical engineer (also see Cogent job titles) Process / product Design Engineer Production Engineer

Qualifications –

• Would usually have a degree in an engineering specific discipline but it may be in a subject specific to a physical science such as physics or chemistry.

• Entry qualifications for degree courses would be at least five GCSEs (A*-C) and two or three A levels, normally including maths and a science subject or equivalent qualifications.

• Particular levels of study would be required for professional engineers seeking to become a chartered or incorporated engineer and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council. (ECUK)

Associate professional and technical occupations

Engineering Maintenance Technician

Qualifications -

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Some technician apprentices first study full time for Level 3 qualifications, such as A levels, BTEC National Diplomas or Certificates, or City & Guilds awards.

• Particular levels of experience and study would be required by those seeking professional registration as engineering technicians ( EngTech) and details can be obtained from the Engineering Council Engineering Technician page. (ECUK)

Skilled trades occupations

Qualifications

• Most people enter this career through Advanced Apprenticeships requiring at least

four or five GCSEs (A*-C) or equivalent qualifications, including English, maths and science or technology. Equivalent qualifications include Applied GCSEs (double award) in engineering or manufacturing and will include the new engineering diploma.

• Many will have work based competencies at level 3 in subjects such as electrical or electronic engineering, electronics or electrical servicing or engineering maintenance, etc.

Process, plant and machine operatives

Qualifications

• When entering this career through an apprenticeship, GCSE grades D to G or equivalent are required although some employers will require levels of skills using IT mean that higher grades at GCSE will become increasingly prevalent.

• Some people working in specialised jobs may have work-based competence - N/SVQ Levels 1and 2 in subjects such as Performing engineering operations, certificate in electronics or qualifications related to safe working practices.

31 Prospects AGCAS occupational profile

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7.6 Data on employment and labour market trends and forecasts

In the 2006 survey32 when science employers were asked what they expected to be the major changes in their organisation in the next 3 years, 34% of companies expected a general expansion and growth in staff numbers and 16% expected that their organisation would move into new products, service or research areas. This would indicate recruitment of new staff and a move into new research areas to develop new products and services which will require training, upskilling and where relevant achievement of appropriate qualifications.

7.7 Skill shortages, gaps and hard to fill vacancies in Bioscience Skill shortages For specific scientific areas, the greatest skills shortages are in: • Clinical/pharmacology/translational medicine • Bioscience • Analytical and physical chemistry • Process and chemical engineering • In vivo sciences • Bioinformatics. The following generally scientific skills are identified as being areas where there are shortages. • Biological and medical sciences • Chemical sciences • Process engineering • Mathematics and statistics. Hard to fill vacancies

The three most common reasons for Hard to Fill Vacancies in the UK science companies surveyed are:

lack of applicants with required work experience (39 out of 59 companies), lack of breadth of skills (23), lack of applicants with required qualifications and skills (21). 29% of employers responding to the survey report skills gaps among their current workforce. Most often these are among the following occupations:

laboratory scientists, senior scientists, other managers, senior researchers science managers.

32 Semta Bioscience labour market survey 2006 and Bioscience Sector Skills agreement

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The following recruitment issues have been raised by employers as having an impact on their recruitment.

• Bioscience graduates that are weak in chemistry, mathematics and physics, and are not equipped to cope with the cross-disciplinary of modern bioscience33;

• Some core bioscience disciplines (e.g. pharmacology, biochemistry and microbiology) are not recruiting as well at university as they used to.

• Bioscience research is increasingly cross-disciplinary and quantitative, yet too few people are studying physical sciences or maths34;

• Students are not receiving sufficient practical laboratory training at school or university, leaving them ill-equipped for Research and Development careers35;

• There are insufficient numbers pursuing technical courses, making it difficult for industry to recruit good quality technicians36

Skills Gaps in the current workforce. Employers were asked to identify skills gaps that exist in their current workforce and the following list describes both the scientific and generic skills that were identified. The main scientific skills gaps were in:

• Bioscience and molecular biology • Analytical and physical chemistry • Biochemistry • Biotechnology/biopharmaceuticals • Geomics/proteomics/metabolomics • Synthetic organic chemistry/medicinal chemistry • Mathematics or statistics.

The main generic skills gaps were in:

• Business skills • Management skills • IT skills (general) • Project management • Team working • Regulation.

7.8 Information on opportunities for adults changing career direction

Science roles within the science sector

At the professional and management occupational levels there are opportunities for people who hold relevant doctorates and degrees and who have extensive experience of working in a science research environment. Laboratory technicians and experienced laboratory staff are identified as being vacancies that are difficult to fill so opportunities also exist for those with laboratory experience and degrees, A levels, or other scientific qualifications such as BTECs, HNCs or HNDs.

33 Biosciences Federation: Enthusing the next generation 2005 34 Biosciences Federation: Building on Success 2005 35 Biosciences Federation: Building on Success 2005 36 Biosciences Federation: Building on Success 2005

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Engineering roles within the science sector At the craft, technician, professional and management engineering occupational levels there are opportunities for people who hold relevant degrees, Further Education qualifications or other industry recognised certificates and who have working experience in an engineering or manufacturing environment. Transfer to engineering roles within science and research companies can be achieved and networking, background research into potential employers and using science specific vacancy and recruitment sites may assist in supporting such a transfer.

Although some machine operator jobs are reducing in number, there are still employment opportunities due to retirement of current employees. Whilst formal qualifications are not always required for these roles, transferable skills such as team working, an ability to follow diagrams and instructions, basic mathematical understanding and practical skills are all relevant to people wishing to transfer to these occupations.

7.9 Information on points of entry or transfer into a sector from another area sector. Science roles within the science sector

The level of qualification and scientific research experience required to work in scientific professional and management occupations means that those without the relevant qualifications or experience will need to consider degree courses and research experience relevant to the role they wish to pursue. Exploring the available networks of science and research companies and developing a network of contacts whilst studying, sometimes through the university, can improve and expand the opportunities for employment in this area of work. Likewise gaining a work placement or experience with an employer will also help with developing a network of contacts and gaining broader understanding of the job role. Those with experience of laboratory work in other industries such as food or other manufacturing that may have involved routine testing, recording and attention to detail may have most of the necessary skills to transfer to some laboratory occupations in the science field. If this experience has involved recording and project involvement, a level of management and use of technical recording and testing apparatus, this may enable someone to transfer to a laboratory technician role. Where formal qualifications or skills for operator or assembly job roles are required, the careers services can assist in advising on courses and qualifications that may be available locally. Where formal qualifications and experience are not required, application through agencies and direct to the employer are recommended.

Engineering roles within the science sector The technical nature or practical experience required to work in the craft, technician, professional and management occupations means that those without the relevant qualifications or experience will need to consider courses and training relevant to the role they wish to pursue. For some roles, for instance research and development of medical equipment manufacture or medical device manufacture, a knowledge or experience of biological processes or experience of working with people needing medical devices may be required. Where formal qualifications or skills for operator or assembly job roles are required, the careers services can assist in advising on courses and qualifications that may be available locally. Where formal qualifications and experience are not required, application through agencies and direct to the employer are recommended.

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7.10 Job profiles

Unless otherwise stated, these job title descriptors are from Connexions-Direct, Jobs4u with whom Semta work on producing the profiles. Some of the occupations listed describe people that will most usually be employed within the healthcare services and NHS (covered by the Sector Skills Council Skills for Health), although science, bioscience and science research and development companies will also employ people in similar occupational roles.

Managers, Senior researchers/Scientists and professional science occupations Analytical chemist or Analytical scientists Biochemist37 Biomedical engineer38 Biomedical scientist Biologist Biotechnologist Clinical scientist Microbiologist Physicist Research Scientist Associate professional and technical occupations Education Lab Technician Laboratory technicians Medical laboratory assistant Scientific laboratory technician39 Engineering / manufacturing roles within science companies Biochemical Engineer40 Chemical engineer (also see Cogent job titles) Engineering Maintenance Technician Manufacturing Production Manager Process / product Design Engineer Production Engineer

7.11 Case studies

Science Biomedical scientist Amie Davies Biotechnologist Eamonn Meehan Clinical scientist Mohamed Shamji Education Laboratory technician Jay Chauhan Medical laboratory assistant James Fairweather Plasma Physicist Ian Chapman Postdoctoral Physicist Helen Czerski Pre-registration Clinical Biochemist Johnathan Vernazza Research assistant Rowena Fung Research Scientist Dr Luke O'Brien Trainee scientist Jennifer Lupton

37 Careers Advisory Service profile 38 Prospects AGCAS occupational profile 39 Prospects AGCAS occupational profile 40 Prospects AGCAS occupational profile

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Engineering in Science companies Engineering maintenance fitter Stephen Blake Mechanical engineering technician Kieran Jordan Materials engineer Melissa Riley Materials technician Ricky Addie 7.12 FAQs

Q) I am really interested in transferring to a science based career, but I cannot afford to take time off work to study in order to find out whether it is something I would like to do as a job. Are there any ways to find out about what work or study would be involved? A) There are several ways to find out about the subject that may both expand your opportunities to find out about potential employers and explore more about the subject. Registering for a part time science course or science / mathematics related A levels with a local college or undertaking distance learning through a reputable distance learning University will enable you to expand your subject and study skills at the same time as gaining an insight into the types of work and opportunities that may be available. Whilst this does involve considerable dedication, it could be managed without unnecessarily disrupting your current working situation.

Q) I am an experienced and qualified female scientist who has taken a long break from work in order to care for a seriously ill relative. I am now in a position to look for employment again although I am finding it very difficult to get back into the network of contacts and employer information. Are there any resources or contacts that may be able to assist me? A) Studies have revealed that this is a very familiar situation that female scientists find themselves in after a career break. There are a number of resources and contacts that you may find helpful. The best place to start is by visiting the website, UK resource centre for women in SET http://www.ukrc4setwomen.org/ where there are details of mentoring, advice and schemes aimed at those both planning a career break and for those making plans to return. Q) I have decided to change direction and study a science based subject at university, It has been several years since I left school and I don’t think I have the right A level subjects, could you advise on what I should do in order to be ready to apply for a University course? A) A good starting point is to spend some time making a plan. Before choosing some more A levels, contact some university science departments where you would like to study and find out if they have any access routes or schemes aimed at adults. Find out which subjects they require for entry (telephone or arrange a visit rather than relying completely on the web based information geared to recent school leavers) from this you will have a better idea of which subjects will be most relevant to choose for further study and will best prepare you for science studies in higher education.

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7.13 Sources of additional information, web-links etc Specific to bioscience industries

• Medical devices network http://www.medicaldevice-network.com/ • The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), 12 Whitehall, London

SW1A 2DY. 0870 890 4333. Website: http://www.abpi.org.uk • Biochemical Society, 3rd Floor, Eagle House, 16 Procter Street, London WCIV 6NX.

020 7280 4100. Website: http://www.biochemistry.org • British Pharmacological Society (BPS), 16 Angel Gate, City Road, London EC1V

2PT. 020 7239 0171. Website: http://www.bps.ac.uk • Institute of Biology (IOB), 9 Red Lion Court, London EC4A 3EF. 020 7936 5900.

Website: http://www.iob.org • Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS), 12 Coldbath Square, London EC1R 5HL.

020 7713 0214. Website: http://www.ibms.org • Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3), 1 Carlton House Terrace, London

SW1Y 5DB. 020 7451 7300. Website: http://www.iom3.org • Institute of Physics (IOP), 76 Portland Place, London W1B 1NT. 020 7470 4800.

Website: http://www.iop.org • The Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM), Fairmount House, 230

Tadcaster Road, York YO24 1ES. 01904 610821. Website: http://www.ipem.ac.uk • The Institute of Science Technology, Kingfisher House, 90 Rockingham Street,

Sheffield, SE1 4EB. 0114 276 3197. Website: http://www.istonline.org.uk • Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1 Lambeth High Street, London SE1

7JN. 020 7735 9141. Website: http://www.rpsgb.org.uk • Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BA.

020 7437 8656. Website: http://www.rsc.org • Society for General Microbiology (SGM), Marlborough House, Basingstoke Road,

Spencers Wood, Reading RG7 1AG. 0118 988 1800. Websites: http://www.sgm.ac.uk and http://www.biocareers.org.uk

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Covers all engineering, technology and science.

• Engineering Diploma Development Partnership, c/o Semta, the Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies, Second Floor, Weston House, 246 High Holborn, London WC1V 7EX. 020 7269 9840. Website: www.engineeringdiploma.com

• Engineering & technology careers & news from the Engineering and Technology Board (ETB) website http://www.scenta.co.uk and http://www.enginuity.org.uk

• Futuremorph, Science Council Careers Website http://www.futuremorph.org/ • Inside Careers http://www.insidecareers.co.uk • New Outlooks in Science and engineering http://www.noisemakers.org.uk/index.cfm • Science, So What? So Everything DirectGov website

http://sciencesowhat.direct.gov.uk/ • Semta Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing

Technologies http://www.semta.org.uk • UK resource centre for women in science, engineering and

technology.http://www.ukrc4setwomen.org/

7.14 Bioscience Regional and National Information Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, and skill shortages.

There is limited data available from the Semta Bioscience labour market survey to provide detail for employment and predicted labour market trends for Bioscience in the England regions and devolved nations, for this reason, an overview of the key science areas for each nation and England region has been listed under each region and nation heading to give an overview of the types of activity taking place in that region or devolved nation. The table below sets out the projected employment shares by occupation for the Science industry in the UK over the period 2009-2016 and indicates that the proportion of jobs for Managers & Senior Officials, Professionals and Associate Professionals (Technicians) occupations will see an increase in employment over this period whereas Admin & secretarial, skilled trades (Craft), Process, plant & machine operatives and Elementary occupations will see a decline in employment. Projected employment shares by occupation for the Science Industry in the UK (2009-2016) Occupation 2009 2016 Managers & Senior Officials 18.4% 20.1%Professionals 15.4% 16.3%Associate Professionals (Technicians) 17.1% 17.9%Admin & secretarial 13.6% 11.4%Skilled trades (Craft) 8.3% 7.8%Personal Service 1.9% 2.3%Sales & customer service 3.6% 3.7%Process, plant & machine operatives 11.9% 11.4%Elementary 9.7% 9.2%All Occupations 100.0% 100.0%Source: Semta/IER Projections 2009 The following Chart sets out projected demand for employees due to expansion of business, employee replacement demand due to retirement and those leaving and net requirement for labour within the Science industry as a whole over the period 2010-2016, by occupation. The largest positive net requirements for labour are expected to be in relation to managerial occupations (an estimated 12,000 people), Associate Professionals (an estimated 9,300 people) and Professionals (an estimated 9,200 people).

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In the case of both Admin & Secretarial and Skilled trades (Craft), the scale of expected expansion demand is to decline.

Projected replacement demand, expansion demand and net requirement for the Science industry in the UK by occupation (2010-2016)

200

500

900

-2,400

2,800

3,000

4,500

4,000

5,200

1,200

900

6,000

6,500

6,200

7,500

4,000

5,400

1,700

1,700

3,200

3,700

9,300

9,200

12,000

-100 3,400

-4,000 -2,000 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

Elementary

Process, plant & machine operatives

Sales & customer service

Personal Service

Skilled trades (Craft)

Admin & secretarial

Associate Professionals (Technicians)

Professionals

Managers & Senior Officials

Expansion Demand Replacement Demand Net Requirement Source: Semta/IER Projections 2009

7.14.1 Bioscience East Midlands. -

The healthcare sector is important in the East Midlands, with over 450 companies operating in the following sectors:

• Pharmaceutical • Biotechnology • Medical instrument manufacturing

The sector benefits from a network of dedicated, purpose-built technology and business parks. 7.14.2 Bioscience East of England

Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, and skill shortages

The East of England has a thriving bioscience industry, Cambridge being home to: • Over 185 biotech companies; • Around 20% of the world's Nobel Prize winners in medicine and chemistry; • 17 of the UK's publicly quoted biotech companies; and • A quarter of the public biotechnology companies in Europe.

The following science areas are important to the region:

• Drug discovery and development -organisations are active in all stages of the drug discovery and development for areas such as cancer, neurological, cardio-vascular, infectious diseases, diabetes, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases etc). • Bio-instrumentation and equipment • Research into novel drug delivery systems • Food and agricultural biotechnology -

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• Animal Healthcare - The main animal healthcare capability in the region is the Animal Health Trust (AHT) at Newmarket, a world leader in the treatment of diseases in animals in addition to undertaking pioneering research into the prevention and detection of diseases in animals.

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7.14.3 Bioscience London

Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, and skill shortages

The following are the key activities of the region.

• Therapeutics • Contract Research Organisations • Biomedical engineering • Bioinformatics • Bionanotechnology • Food, environment and renewables • Agricultural bioscience 7.14.4 Bioscience North East

Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, and skill shortages

Healthcare is a leading employer in the northeast region, with over 140,000 people working in biotechnology, healthcare and life science companies, the NHS and associated health organisations. Collectively, these generate an annual turnover of more than £4 billion.

The following are key areas under investigation in the northeast area: • Diagnostics • Medical devices • Clinical trials • Pharmaceuticals High level medical research is being carried out in the region’s universities and institutes (including the Institute for Ageing & Health, the Life Knowledge Park and many others). There are also strong clinical capabilities within the region’s hospitals. 7.14.5 Bioscience North West

Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, and skill shortages

The northwest’s strength is based on the presence of several major pharmaceutical companies in the region, a rapidly expanding biotechnology community and internationally renowned academic and clinical research strengths. The main types of bio-activity in the region include: • Biopharmaceutical manufacture and research • Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine • Treatment of infectious diseases • Clinical trials and informatics • Cancer research and care

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7.14.6 Bioscience South East Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, and skill shortages

The South East has the highest concentration of health technologies companies in the UK and employs a third of the sector. It is home to world-renowned universities, medical schools and institutes undertaking pioneering health research. 30% of the UK's life sciences research and development activity is carried out in the South East; 9 out of 10 of the world’s leading life sciences companies; and the top 12 global pharmaceutical companies have operations in the South East.

The South East region contains over 1000 biotechnology and diagnostics companies employing over 50,000 people.

The following industries are key to the South East region: • Health Technologies • Biotechnology • Diagnostics • Medical device • Pharmaceutical

7.14.7 Bioscience South West

Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, and skill shortages

The South West of England is a major centre of biomedical research with internationally recognised expertise, employing around 15,000 people in 500 companies. Employment in the sector is growing faster than the national average with a 48% increase between 1998 and 2004.

The following areas are those of key bio-activity in the south west region: • Biomedical • Healthcare

7.14.8 Bioscience West Midlands.

Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, and skill shortages

According to the Advantage West Midlands report41 companies already operating in the region believe that the following sectors provide key opportunities for the region: • Materials and their processing through to manufacturing • Structures for devices, including their control systems and software • Orthopaedics and assistive technologies • Telemedicine, especially monitoring of wellness and care in the community • ICT/e-technology • Infection control

The West Midlands is also known for:

• The most advanced ophthalmic surgical centre in the UK, located at The Academy of Life Sciences, Aston University • Creation of the first pacemakers and plastic heart valve • Development and commercialisation of the first ‘his and her’ home fertility kits • Trial and development of the first allergy and herpes vaccines • Concept and development of first ever device to detect skin cancer - SIAscope

According to the report, there are at least 400 to 500 companies active in the West Midlands that have some part of their turnover derived from medical technologies. It is known that around 500 to 600 additional companies have had some recent interest or involvement in medical technologies. Almost half of the activity in the West Midlands is manufacturing related and more than a third service oriented.

41 ‘Medical Technologies -Cluster Research Project, Advantage West Midlands

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7.14.9 Bioscience Yorkshire and the Humber Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, and skill shortages

There are four key company types at work in the region:

• Entrepreneurial drug discovery and development • Tissue engineering and biomaterials - • Contract Research Organisations (CROs) • Plant biotechnology

It should be noted that there is also a strong presence of pharmaceutical and medical device organisations. In addition, Yorkshire and Humberside has considerable strengths in areas such as surgical instrumentation, orthopaedics and advanced wound-care.

7.14.10 Bioscience England Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, skill shortages and qualifications.

The particular strengths and focus in the different English regions are as follows:

Region Priority sector North West Biomedical – including biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and

healthcare North East Biotechnology, healthcare and life sciences Yorkshire & the Humber Bioscience, Healthcare technologies West Midlands Medical technologies East Midlands Healthcare – life and health technologies: pharmaceutical,

biotechnology, medical instrument manufacturing East of England Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology; high technology,

research and development South West Biomedical and healthcare South East Health Technologies - Pharma Bio and Healthcare, Research

and Development London Life sciences

7.14.11 Bioscience Scotland Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, skill shortages and qualifications.

Scotland has strengths in most aspects of Bioscience, strong research and development groups and a coordinated policy focus through the Scottish Life Sciences Strategy. Cancer research, Cardiovascular research, Neuroscience, Genomics, Proteomics and bioinformatics, Signal transduction biology, Stem cell research and regenerative technology, Virology, and Immunology are key areas of focus in Scotland. 7.14.12 Bioscience Wales

Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, skill shortages and qualifications.

Bioscience enterprise in Wales includes Diagnostics, Medical technology, Clinical trials and drug development, Systems biology, and Agricultural biotechnology.

7.14.13 Bioscience Northern Ireland

Key regional variations for sub-sector, employment and labour market trends and forecasts, skill shortages and qualifications.

Northern Ireland’s main focus is on Cancer Biotech and Medical Devices. Other areas where Northern Ireland has strengths are: tissue engineering, diabetes, bioinformatics, clinical trials, neurodegenerative diseases and infectious diseases.