Engineering and Management Challenge of Micro Wind Turbine (MWT) Anjar Priandoyo | 2014

• [1] http://www.3tier.com/en/support/resource-maps

• [2] http://www.martinot.info/Martinot_et_al_AR27.pdf ource: Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images and

Christopher Thomond

• [3] http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/jan/27/feed-in-tariffs-renewable-energy

• [4] http://www.theguardian.com/uk/the-northerner/2012/jun/08/wind-turbines-bempton-flamborough-

david-hockney-yorkshire

• Energy Consumption: Developing countries have 80% population but

consume only 30% global energy

• Electrification Ratio: India 75%, Indonesia 73%, Pakistan 68%,

Bangladesh 60% ~ 500mill (EU population)

• When and How the Renewable Energy become the solution of this problem

• Why Micro Wind Turbine can be the solution

Wind Energy is Complicated

A literature review undertaken on the area of Micro Wind Turbine (MWT)

Micro Wind Turbine – Research Methodology

Policy Challenge Production vs Consumption

Wind Turbine

Micro Wind Turbine (MWT)

Renewable Energy

Object Dimension

http://www.renewableenergy.jp/council/english/renewableenergy.html

Implementation Challenge Technology vs Management

Critical Evaluation Effectiveness & Efficiency

• Scopus, sorting by most cited, in the latest 10 years, using “Micro Wind Turbine” keyword

• 12 journal cross topic (Policy, Efficiency, Building, Renewable, Power System, Conversion)

19 journal, from 3 countries on

Management & Technology

aspect of MWT

3

0

50

100

150

200

250

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Management and techno dimension of MWT

History of MWT

Management

Technology

2 3 3 1 1

4 1 1 1 2

Not for Urban [1]

Control

System [17]

Economic Challenge [3,9]

Not for Urban [2]

Grid based [7] Battery [10]

Not for Urban [16]

Rural MWT [19] LIfecycle [14]

Design Improvement

[4,5,11,13] Roof top

[16]

MWT Design

[20]

Adoption [8] Rural MWT [18]

Rural MWT [15]

4

Research Limitation

5

Sustainability: Climate & Environment

Competitiveness Security of Supply

Instrumentation and automation: Wind

turbines are heavily computerized today to

adjust to maximize power output in different

wind conditions.

Wind turbine height: the wind is

stronger higher off of the ground

and taller wind turbines can catch

more of it.

Mechanical efficiency: wind

turbines have slowly evolved to

eliminate unnecessary gearing

and friction. Many now have no

gearboxes at all, significantly

reducing complexity and gearing

related losses.

Specialization: Lower wind

conditions get bigger blades and

smaller generators. Higher wind

conditions get narrower blades

and larger generators.

Aerodynamic improvements: The blades cut

through the air better and generate more

aerodynamic lift due to advances in their shape

and changes to their shape through their length

to accommodate different relative air speeds

between tip and hub.

Optimized maintenance: Well understood

and costed best practices for maintaining

specific wind turbines in specific conditions,

ensure that they maintain the optimal balance,

lubrication and uptime.

Robustness: Wind turbines are now large scale machines

with better tolerance for high-winds, icing and other

realities of exposed structures. Wind turbine failure, while it

makes for spectacular pictures and videos, is extremely

rare.

Wind modeling: Understanding and

modeling of wind conditions at specific

sites is much more accurate now than 20

years ago. This allows the right wind

turbines to be selected and sited to

maximize use of the wind resource in the

specific location.

Advanced coatings: Manufacturers are

now applying advanced coatings which

deteriorate much more slowly on blades,

especially the leading edge. This increases

laminar flow and maintains aerodynamic

efficiency for longer.

Advanced materials: Materials for blades

are being refined regularly, with stronger

and lighter blades enabling increased

robustness and increased efficiency.

Political of Energy

Energy Policy

http://www.quora.com/What-are-some-innovations-in-wind-energy

Supply and demand of electricity, consumer approach on

motivation and adoption are key driver in MWT research

Management Aspect

Electricity Demand

6

Lifecycle of MWT Production, Distribution, Instalation, Operation

Consumer Motivation

Adoption of technology Electricity Production

MWT offer a cheap solution for micro generation

Technology Aspect of MWT

7

Wind Analysis

Blade & Rotor

Electrical Control

Battery

Approach vs Field Discipline

Electrical

Physic

Remote/Rural

• MWT is effective used for

micro generation in rural

and remote area

• Research indicated that the

MWT is effective to be used

for micro generation in rural

and remote area [15] [18]

[19]

MWT is competitive for rural and remote area

Analysis 1

Urban

• MWT will not be effectively

implemented in urban and

domestic area.

• MWT will have challenge in

economic, social and

lifecycle

8

Electrical Control found to be effective, although some factors

e.g rooftop play significant contribution

Analysis 2

9

• Maximum efficiency over a wide range

of operating conditions is expected [4].

The electrical control study is important

since MWT may operate in various

condition

• The development of this control system

based on floating point technology

allows the easy implementation of

highly complex and accurate control

algorithms [17]

• The study indicating on how the wind

flow characteristics are strongly

dependent on the profile of the roofs [6]

MWT implementation is complex and the comparison

between RE is poorly understood [16]

Analysis 3

10

• Micro-generation is seen as an important

technology to help deliver low carbon

dwellings. In addition to technical benefits such

as • Electricity generation at the point of use,

• Low cost mounting using the building as the

fixing point and

• Positive contribution to the carbon rating of a

building

• Micro-generation can promote energy usage

reduction through behaviour change

• The performance of building mounted turbines

within the trial was generally very poor. This is

not due to any particular design of turbine but

simply that the wind resource around buildings at

these turbine heights is generally too low to be

of economic use [16]

• The study of MWT that using case study in

Mongolia, Peru and Nicaragua for example

mention that the locations of MWT must be

carefully chosen with among others [18]

What future MWT would be

Conclusion

Summary

1. Current MWT is not effectively to be used for

electricity micro generation in urban area

2. The difficulty of MWT adoption can be caused by

economic, social and lifecycle

3. MWT is effective used for micro generation in rural

and remote area

4. Future enhancement of MWT can be from many

aspects such as rotor design, electrical control,

placement who can improve the MWT performance.

Suggestion

1. Further classification and taxonomy on renewable

energy especially on MWT is established. So the

researcher can be easy to understand what

interrelated and interdependent topic that might give

advantage during the research

2. Cross field research need to be encouraged e.g

research that combine both of environment and

energy policy

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