engineering branches1 dom dal bello engineering 100 allan hancock college fall 2011

Engineering Branches 1

Engineering Branches

Dom Dal Bello

Engineering 100Allan Hancock College

Fall 2011


United States Engineers

2002: 1.5 million (U.S. Pop: 288M)To nearest thousand:

1. Electrical: 292,000 (Electrical/Electronics)

2. Civil: 228,0003. Mechanical: 215,0004. Industrial: 194,0005. Aerospace: 78,0006. Computer: 75,000

(Hardware)

http://bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm


United States Engineers

2008: 1.6 million +100k since 2002 (U.S. Pop: 304M) To nearest thousand:

1. Electrical: 302,000 +10k since 2002 (Electrical/Electronics)

2. Civil: 278,000 +50k

3. Mechanical: 239,000 +24k

4. Industrial: 215,000 +21k

5. Computer: 75,000 0 (Hardware)

6. Aerospace: 72,000 -6khttp://bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm, Sept. 9, 2010



Engineers


Environmental

Chemical Materials Petroleum Nuclear Biomedical

Marine/Naval Arch. Mining/Geological Agriculture Architectural Manufacturing Systems


Percentages (U.S) 1% ~ 16,000


Electrical Engineering

• Largest branch• Design devices and systems that use

electricity• Institute for Electrical

and Electronics Engineers (I.E.E.E.)(38 technical societies in I.E.E.E.)



• Electronics• Communications• Power• Controls• Instrumentation

Design of circuits & devices to produce, amplify and rectify (modify/filter) electric signals.

Use transistors, semiconductors, integrated circuits (ICs).




Entertainment to military.

Cell phones, video tele-conferencing.

Lasers, fiber-optics, wireless.

Data transmission (data, voice, video).




Production, Transmission and Distribution.

Hydroelectric, steam, nuclear, solar, wind, fuel cells.

Transmission lines, motors, generators.




Automated operations and processes (robotics).

Compare a measured quantity to desired result; difference causes a signal that adjusts input (thermostats, cruise control).

Actione.g., f =k(Tin-To)

Actual Response(output)

Desired Response(input) Tin

ToTo

Tin-To

To

Generic Control Process

Feedback Loop




Use electronic devices to measure pressure, temperature, speed, voltage, etc.

Process, store, transmit data.


Mechanical Engineering

• Broadest branch.• Design power-producing machines and

engines, and power-using machines.• American Society of

Mechanical Engineers (A.S.M.E.) (founded 1880; 32 technical divisions in 7 groups; and 3 institutes)



• Energy• Design of

Structures and Motion of Mechanical Systems

• Manufacturing

Production and Transfer.

Energy Conversion (e.g., heat to mechanical).

Design and Operate Power Plants.

HVAC (heat., vent. & air cond).

Refrigeration and Heat Exchangers.

Solar, Geothermal, Wind.





• Manufacturing

Cars, trucks, tractors, trains, planes, space vehicles.

Lathes, mills, grinders, drills, tools.

Copiers, computers.

Medical devices and equipment.

Pressure vessels and pipes.





• Manufacturing

Design processes to convert raw materials into products.

Design equipment.

Design machines to make machines.

Manufacturing processes.

Automation and robotics.

Increase efficiency.

Basic Engineering Technical Group• Applied Mechanics• Bioengineering• Fluids Engineering• Heat Transfer• Materials• Tribology (friction)


ASME Groups and Divisionshttp://divisions.asme.org/

Energy Conversion Group• Internal Combustion Engine• Nuclear Engineering• Power• Advanced Energy Systems• Solar Energy

Engr. & Tech. Management Group• Management• Safety Engineering & Risk Analysis• Technology & Society

Environment & Transportation Grp• Aerospace• Environmental Engineering• Noise Control & Acoustics• Rail Transportation• Materials & Energy Recovery

Manufacturing Technical Group• Manufacturing Engineering• Materials Handling Engineering• Plant Engineering and Maintenance• Process Industries

Pressure Technology Group• Nondestructive Evaluation• Pressure Vessels and Piping

System and Design Group• Computers and Information Engineering• Design Engineering• Dynamic Systems and Control• Electronic & Photonic Packaging• Fluid Power Systems and Technology• Information Storage & Processing Systems• Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)

Mechanics, is the study of how media responds to external stimuli (e.g., forces), includes analytical and experimental studies in: - Biomechanics - Geomechanics - Composite materials - Hydrodynamics - Computing methods - Lubrication - Dynamics - Mechanical properties of matls - Elasticity - Micromechanics - Experimental Methods - Plasticity and failure - Fluid dynamics - Plates and shells - Fracture - Wave propagationThe Applied Mechanics Division is one of the oldest and largest divisions of ASME. Prof. Stephen P. Timoshenko, was the first Chairman.


Civil Engineering

• Oldest branch• Plan, design and supervise the

construction of facilities:buildings, transit systems, water supply and treatment, etc.

• American Society of Civil Engineers (A.S.C.E.)(8 institutes, 11 technical divisions)


Civil Engineering

• Structural• Transportation• Environmental• Water Resources• Geotechnical• Surveying• Construction

Design bridges, buildings, dams, tunnels, tanks, transmission towers, offshore platforms, satellites.

Analyze forces on structures.

Select components & materials to ensure structures strong, stable and durable.

Structural Dynamics.


Civil Engineering


Safe efficient movement of people and goods.

Highways, roads, harbors, ports, mass transit, airports, railroads.

Gas, oil and other transport systems.


Civil Engineering


Control / prevent / eliminate: air / water / soil pollution.

Design / operate:water systems, waste water and sewage systems, garbage disposal systems, air quality control systems, recycling systems.

Toxic clean-up and pesticide control.


Civil Engineering


Ensure availability, delivery.

Develop new sources.

Harbors, rivers, coastal protection.

Flood control, irrigation, drainage.

Hydro-electric facilities.


Civil Engineering


Study properties of soil / rock on which structures are placed.

How does ground support the loads?

Dams, levees, foundations, offshore, settlement, stability of slopes, seepage of ground water.

Earthquakes.


Civil Engineering


Mapping construction sites – buildings, pipes, utilities.

Locate property lines. LEGAL issues – requires state license.

Satellites, aerial/terrestrial photography, computer processing, GPS.


Civil Engineering


Technical & management skills.

Plan and build facilities that other engineers and architects design.

Estimate costs, equipment & personnel needs.

Supervise construction, operating and startup.

Know methods, equipment.


ASCE Technical Institutes• Architectural Engineering Institute (AEI) 1998

– all professionals in the building industry

• Coasts, Oceans, Ports, and Rivers Institute (COPRI) 2000

• Construction Institute (CI)– Construction and Materials Divisions at ASCE. … suppliers, testing laboratories, bonding agencies,

insurance providers, financial firms, accounting firms, and legal firms

• Engineering Mechanics Institute (EMI)– fourteen technical committees

• Environmental & Water Resources Institute (EWRI) 1999• Geo-Institute (G-I) 1996

– improving the environment, mitigating natural hazards, and economically constructing engineered facilities.

• Structural Engineering Institute (SEI) 1996

• Transportation & Development Institute (T&DI)

Other ASCE Tech. Groups

• Technical Activities Committee (TAC) oversees all the technical groups within ASCE that are not currently part of the ASCE Institutes.


• DIVISIONS Aerospace Energy Geomatics Pipeline

• TECHNICAL COUNCILS Cold Regions Engineering Computing and Engineering

Technology Disaster Risk Management Forensic Engineering Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Wind Engineering


Computer Engineering

• Fastest growing branch in 1990s. • Design computer hardware & firmware.• Started within electrical engineering, but

requires specialized knowledge..• Computer Engineering

vs.

Computer Science



• Hardware • Firmware

Computer– processor, chips, circuit

boards, networks, devices, components.

– Architecture.

Peripherals– Storage: disk, RAM, ROM.

– Output: printer, monitor, speaker. – Input: keyboard, mouse, scanner.

– Communication: Internet.



• Hardware • Firmware

Firmware is microcode (software) that controls the processors. Firmware is the “internal thought process” of the computer that enables it to perform basic operations required by software in general.



• Computer Science• Comp. Scientists

write the programs.

Theory, design and implementation of software (an intangible product).

Software: set of instructions that hardware can read and execute.

OS, AI, networking, comm., database, computer-human interaction, graphics, computations.


Industrial Engineering

• Develop efficient ways to use resources for a process or to make a product. Management and planning.

• Resources: people, machines, materials, energy, information.

• Design and manage Quality Control (QC) programs.

• Design facitilities and plants.• Human and organizational

aspects of systems design.


Aerospace Engineering

• Commercial & military aircraft, missiles, spacecraft.

• New technologies.• Aerodynamics, propulsion,

thermodynamics, structures, celestial mechanics, acoustics; materials.

• Guidance and control systems.


Environmental Engineering

• Use Civil Engineering, Biology and Chemistry to solve environmental problems.

• Air pollution, water management, water supply, waste water, solid waste, public health, hazardous waste.

• Clean up and prevent.


Chemical Engineering

• Use training in engineering and chemistry to create usable products.

• Chemical production facilities; manufacturing facilities that use chemicals.

• Plastics, building materials, food products, pharmaceuticals, rubber, synthetic fibers, petroleum products (plastics, shampoos, perfume, fertilizers, petrochemicals).

• Environment: Clean up and prevent.


Materials Engineering

• Materials Science: study what makes materials strong, stiff, fracture, fatigue, conductive, corrode, etc.

• Materials Engineering knowing the science…– Develop ways/new materials that improve material

properties (strength, corrosion resistance, etc.)– Select right material for the job (mechanical,

electrical, thermal, chemical properties, costs).– Graphite golf clubs, tiles on space shuttle, high

strength/temperature alloys in turbines.

http://www.testresources.com/


Metallurgical Engineering

• Extractive Metallurgy: remove metal from ores, refine, alloy.

• Physical Metallurgy: study structure (microstructure), properties, processing products.

• Mechanical Metallurgy: develop/improve metal working processes (casting, forging, rolling, drawing).

The Internet Microscope www.umist.ac.uk/intmic/

http://ah-engr.com/engr161/v_lab_7/www.umist.ac.uk/intmic/


Ceramic Engineering

• Non-metallic minerals, clays, silicates (sand).• Glassware, tiles, bricks.• Semiconductors.• Solar panels, insulators.• Fiber optics.• High temperature applications.


Bio/Biomedical Engineering

• Design diagnostic and theraputic devices.

• Prostheses.• Pace makers,

implants.• Bio-compatible

materials.• Blood analyzers,

imaging, lasers, life support systems.

http://adam.about.com/surgery/100006.htm#


Architectural Engineering

• Architects are primarily concerned with space use and aesthetics.

• Architectural Engineers are concerned with building safety, cost, and sound construction methods.


Nuclear Engineering

• Design, construct and operate nuclear power plant.

• Nuclear submarines, space power.• Handle fuels, dispose of waste.• Medical applications (imaging).


Petroleum Engineering

• Find and extract oil and natural gas.

• Remove, transport and store.• Design processes, equipment

and systems.• Refine into useful products (fuel, plastics).


• Ocean EngineersDesign offshore platforms, harbors, underwater structures and machines.

• Naval ArchitectsDesign ships and vessels.

Ocean EngineeringNaval Architecture


Mining/Geological Engr.

• Find, remove and transport (coal, metals, minerals).

• Design processes, equipment and systems.

• Return ground to natural state.


Manufacturing Engineering

• Study behavior of materials.• Design systems, equipment

and tools.• Manage overall

manufacturing process.


Agricultural Engineering

• Food production, processing, marketing, distribution.

• Agricultural equipment, processes, structures.

• Power, machinery, electricity.

• Soil, water, forestry, bioengineering.

• “Everything” to do with Ag.


Systems Engineering

• Design, develop and operate large, complex systems.

• Integration of components in a limited envelope.(e.g., a Boeing 747 has ~ million parts).

• Math, computer applications, queuing (ordering) theory, simulation.


Other Engineering Branches

• Fire Protection• Military• Optical• Software


UC Santa Barbara

College of Engineering• Chemical Engineering• Computer Science• Computer Engineering• Electrical Engineering• Mechanical Engineering• Materials Engineering (graduate)


Cal Poly San Luis Obispo

• Aerospace (AERO)• Biomedical (BMED)• Civil (CE)• Computer Engr. (CMPE)• Computer Science (CSC)• Electrical (EE)• Environmental (ENVE)

• General (GENE)*• Industrial (IE)• Manufacturing (MFGE)• Materials (MATE)• Mechanical (ME)• Software (SE)• Fire Protection (graduate)

College of Engineering


Cal Poly San Luis Obispo

College of Architecture & Environmental Design

• Architectural Engineering (ARCE)

College of Agriculture• Bioresource and Agricultural

Engineering (BRAE)

engineering branches1 dom dal bello engineering 100 allan hancock college fall 2011

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