ObligationAccountableConscientiousBlameWorthy/Praiseworthy

Saving citicorp tower

1) Alternating the thrust of the ships wing screws and advancing the centerline screw to increase the turning response of the ship;

2) allowing the ship to ram the iceberg head-on;

3) counter-flood the aft end of the stricken ship to reduced the rate of water intake by 4.5 hours;

4) employing sluice gates to connect the bilge pumps in series between engine and boiler rooms;

5) they could have steered the stricken vessel at low speed to the ship on the horizon;

6) broadcasting an accurate longitude position to nearby vessels;

7) extending the watertight bulkheads to the ships main deck, creating watertight compartments;

8) increasing the number of lifeboats and providing lifeboat drills, and

9) enlargement of the ships rudder to increase response and maneuverability.

Usually engineers learn from their own design and operating results as well from those of other engineers,but unfortunately that is not always the case.

The Titanic lacked sufficient number of life boats decades after most of the passengers and crew on the steamship Artic had perished because of the same problem.

What are the responsibilities of engineers to society?

CONSCIENTIOUSNESSCOMPREHENSIVE PERSPECTIVEMORAL AUTONOMYACCOUNTABILITY

BABYLONS BUILDING CODE(1758B.C)

Hammurabi as a king of Babylon was concerned with strict order in his realm

If a builder has built a house which has fallen down causing death the builder shall be put to death. If the households son dies the builders son shall be put to death.

Code of ethics states the moral responsibility of engineers as seen by the profession and as represented by professional society

It provides a frame work for ethical judgment for a professional

It also express the commitment to ethical conduct shared by members of a profession

1 Serving and protecting the public:Professionals stand in a fiduciary relationships with the public: Trust & Trustworthiness are essentialA code of ethics functions as a commitment by the profession as a whole that engineers will serve the public health, safety and welfare.2. GuidanceProvide helpful guidance concerning the obligations of engineersThey identify primary responsibilitySpecific directions on how to apply the code

3.InspirationProvide positive stimulus for ethical conduct as it express the engineering commitmentIt contributes to the public good that inspires individuals to have similar aspirations.4.Shared StandardsDiversity of moral view points among individual engineers existsHence explicit standars in particular are established5.Support for responsible Professionals.Positive support to act ethicallyWork related professional obligation - I am bound by the code of ethics of my profession

6.Education & Mutual UnderstandingUsed by professionals societies and in classroom to prompt discussionEncourage a shared understanding among profssionals7.Deterence and DisciplineFormal basis for investigating unethical conductWhere such investigation is possible a deterrent for immoral behaviour is thereby provided8.Contributing to professional ImagePositive image to the public of an ethically committed profession Also win greater powers of self regulation for the profession itself.

No substitute for individual responsibilityEntries in code come into conflict with each otherProliferationNot the complete final word

In 1994, a flaw was found in the FPU (floating-point unit) of the new Pentium Chip.This caused errors in the instructions for divisions.

First Intel response denied the error saying, an average spreadsheet user could encounter this subtle flaw once in every 27,000 years of use.Intel said it would only replace chips is users could prove they needed an unflawed version.

This is one off the miscalculations that customers found in the chip.

4,195,835 *3,145,727 3,145,727

= 4,195,835

However, Intels FPU computed 4,195,579.

After an outcry from the public, Intel agreed to replace flawed chips to anyone who asked for replacements.Interesting Fact:Intel was aware of the problem from the beginning and had developed an unflawed version but kept selling the flawed chip

According to the NSPE (National Society of Professional Engineers) Intel violated the following codes:They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports, statements, or testimonies.Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the facts.

Standards consists of explicit specification that when followed with care ensure that stated criteria for interchangeability and quality will be attained. They ensure a measure for quality and thus facilitate more realistic trade-off decisions.