UCRL-ID-119564, Vol. 2

Engineered Materials Characterization Report for theYucca Mountain Site Characterization Project

Volume 2: Design Data

R. A. Van KonynenburgR. D. McCright

A. K. RoyD. A. Jones

Date Written: December 1994>Date Published: August 1395 -

This is an informal report Intended primrily for internal or limited externaldistribution. The opinionsand concluions stated are those of the author and mayor may not be those of the laboratory.

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Prepared by Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project(YMP) participants as part of the Civilian Radioactive WasteManagement Program. The YMP is managed by the YuccaMountain Site Characterization Project Office of theU.S. Department of Energy, Las Vegas, Nevada.

ENGINEERED MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION REPORT FOR THEYUCCA MOUNTAIN SITE CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT

Volume 2

Design Data

by

R. A. Van Konynenburgand

R.D. McCrightLawrence Livermore National Laboratory

A. K. RoyB&W Fuel Company

D. A. JonesUniversity of Nevada - Reno

December 30, 1994

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ENGINEERED MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION REPORTFOR THE YUCCA MOUNTAIN SITE CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT

Volume 1 Introduction, History and Current Candidates

Abstract

1. Introduction2. Waste Package and Engineered Barrier System Terminology3. History of Engineered Materials Selection and Characterization for the

Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project3.1 History of Materials Selection3.2 History of Materials Characterization

4. Engineered Barrier System Materials Characterization Workshop4.1 Background4.2 Substantially Complete Containment4.3 Design Factors and Programs4.4 Materials Selection4.5 Factors Affecting Corrosion4.6 Repository Environment4.7 Microbiologically-Influenced Corrosion4.8 Performance Assessment4.9 Testing

5. Current List of Candidate Materials5.1 Metallic Barriers

5.1.1 Corrosion Resistant Candidate Materials5.1.2 Corrosion Allowance Candidate Materials5.1.3 Intermediate or Moderately Corrosion Resistant Candidate

Materials5.2 Basket Materials5.3 Filler Materials5.4 Packing Materials5.5 Backfill Materials5.6 Non-Metallic Barriers5.7 Final Remarks

6. References7. Tables

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Click on a section heading to view the

Volume 2 Design Data IGo to Vol:U]m

Abstract

1.2.3.4.56.

IntroductionCurrent List of Candidate MaterialsDegraded Materials PropertiesFinal RemarksReferencesTables and Figures

IGo to Volume 3 (Augus

IGo to Volume 3 Revision 1 (a

Go to Volume 3 Revision 1.1

Volume 8 Corroson Data and Modeling

Abstract

1. Degradation Mode Surveys2. Results of Corrosion Testing3. Radiation Effects on Corrosion4. Modeling5. References

Click here to go to EMCR CD-ROM Table of Co]

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Abstract

This three-volume report serves several purposes. The first volume provides anintroduction to the engineered materials effort for the Yucca Mountain SiteCharacterization Project. It defines terms, and outlines the history of selection andcharacterization of these materials. A summary of the recent engineered barriermaterials characterization workshop is presented, and the current candidatematerials are listed. The second volume tabulates design data for engineeredmaterials, and the third volume is devoted to corrosion data, radiation effects oncorrosion, and corrosion modeling. The second and third volumes are intended to beevolving documents, to which new data will be added as they become available fromadditional studies. The initial version of Volume 3 is devoted to information currentlyavailable for environments most similar to those expected in the potential YuccaMountain repository. Each volume contains a separate list of references pertinent toit.

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1. Introduction

Volume 2 of the Engineered Materials Characterization Report presents the designdata for candidate materials needed in fabricating different components for both largeand medium multi-purpose canister (MPC) disposal containers, waste packages forcontaining uncanistered spent fuel (UCF), and defense high-level waste (HLW) glassdisposal containers'. The UCF waste package consists of a disposal container with abasket therein. It is assumed that the waste packages will incorporate all-metallicmultibarrier disposal containers to accommodate medium and large MPCs, UCF, andHLW glass canisters. Unless otherwise specified, the disposal container designsincorporate an outer corrosion-allowance metal barrier over an inner corrosion-resistant metal barrier. The corrosion-allowance barrier, which will be thicker thanthe inner corrosion-resistant barrier, is designed to undergo corrosion-induceddegradation at a very low rate, thus providing the inner barrier protection from thenear-field environment for a prolonged service period.

2. Current List of Candidate Materials

In Volume 1 of this report, a list of candidate materials for multibarrier containerswas presented. Table 1-6 from Volume I is reproduced in this volume, showing thesecandidates. In this volume, we have tabulated design data for these candidatematerials as well as data for materials under consideration by designers for otherapplications. The presented data on these materials were obtained from the openliterature and available specifications developed by various technical societies. Forsome of the materials identified in this report, for which data on some specificattributes are not available from the open literature, data for materials with chemicalcompositions very similar to the identified materials are presented. We have faithfullyreproduced the data as they were found in the literature. In subsequent revisions, wewill convert all the data to S.I. units.

Type 316L Stainless Steel

The primary function of the MPC shell is to confine the radionuclides throughout thestorage period, during transfer operations involved in transportation, and duringhandling at the repository. Thus, the metallic material to be used for the shell shouldbe highly corrosion resistant. The shell could be exposed to a variety of environmentalconditions, which could lead to several forms of corrosion, including pitting, crevicecorrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. The shell may also be subject tomicrobiologically-influenced corrosion (MIC) and environment-assisted embrittlement.Thus, the material for the MPC shell should possess sufficient resistance to thesetypes of degradation modes.

The function of the structural component of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) basket is toprovide separation of the SNF assemblies and to ensure that they remain in theiroriginal positions without interference as emplaced. The basket material shouldmaintain structural integrity, and be capable of conducting heat away from the waste.Furthermore, it should be compatible with the basket criticality control material andwaste form. In view of these requirements, the selected material should possess

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sufficient strength and toughness, high thermal conductivity, superior fabricability,and excellent corrosion resistance.

The above requirements can most effectively be met by using corrosion-resistant,ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code materials such as Type 316L stainless steel.However, Type 316L stainless steel may not provide long-term containmentperformance in the repository. Therefore, alternate materials such as Alloy 825, one ofthe Hastelloys or a Titanium alloy may be considered to ensure maintenance ofintegrity for as long as possible, should the containment barriers be breached.

The 300 series austenitic stainless steels that contain chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) andmolybdenum (Mo) are noted for strength, exceptional toughness, ductility andformability. As a class, they exhibit considerably better corrosion resistance thanmartensitic and ferritic stainless steels, and also have excellent strength andoxidation resistance at elevated temperatures.

These steels are annealed after cold working to ensure maximum corrosion resistanceand to restore maximum softness and ductility. Solution annealing treatment of thesealloys is done by heating them to about 11000C followed by rapid cooling. Carbidesthat are dissolved at this temperature may precipitate at grain boundaries aschromium carbides upon exposure to temperatures ranging between 400 and 8000CUnder this condition, these materials become sensitive to intergranular corrosion inaqueous environments in the presence of many dissolved species. The precipitation ofchromium carbides can, however, be controlled by reducing the carbon content, as inTypes 304L and 316L, or by adding stronger carbide formers such as titanium (Ti)and niobium (Nb), as in Types 321 and 347.

The chemical composition of Type 316L stainless steel2 is shown in Table 2-1. Tooffset the loss of strength resulting from lower carbon levels, nitrogen .levels aremaintained between 0.06 and 0.1 weight percent for nuclear grade Type 316 (i.e.,316NG) stainless steel, and between 0.10 and 0.16 weight percent for Type 316LNmaterials. Furthermore, for Type 316NG stainless steels, the carbon content has beenlimited to 0.02 weight percent. Due to the presence of Mo, Type 316L stainless steelpossesses improved corrosion resistance, compared to Type 304L stainless steel, and,in particular, improved resistance to localized attack such as pitting and crevicecorrosion, when exposed to many types of corrosive environments. Furthermore, Type316L stainless steel possesses superior creep strength at elevated temperatures,compared to Type 304L stainless steel.

Austenitic Type 316L stainless steel is easily welded, and produces welded joints thatare characterized by a high degree of toughness, even in the as-welded condition.Serviceable joints can be readily produced if the composition and the physical andmechanical properties are tailored to the welding process and condition.

Ambient temperature mechanical properties 3 of Type 316L stainless steel arepresented in Table 2-2. This grade of material has excellent impact resistance, withCharpy impact energies of greater than 135 joules (100 ft.lb) at room temperature.Cryogenic temperatures have very little or no effect on impact energy. However, cold

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work lowers the resistance to impact at all temperatures. Thermal properties 3 ,4 andsome physical constants3 '4 for Type 316L stainless steel are shown in Tables 2-3 and2-4, respectively. Some of the physical properties (i.e., density, thermal diffusivity,and electrical resistivity) of Type 316L stainless steel are not available as a functionof temperature. Therefore, these physical properties for Type 316 stainless steel atvarious temperatures 4 are presented in Table 2-5. Table 2-6 shows a comparison oftensile properties4 at different temperatures for both Types 316 and 316L stainlesssteels. Designations and specifications for these grades of austenitic stainless steelinclude the following:

UNS S31603ASTM A 167, A 182, A 240, A 276, A 473 and A 580ASME SA 182, SA 213, SA 240, SA 249, SA 312, SA 403, SA 479 and SA 688DIN 1.4404

Alloy 825

The primary function of the inner containment barrier is to contain the radionuclides.Thus, the metallic material to be used for this application should be highly corrosionresistant. Alloy 825, a nickel-iron-chromium (Ni-Fe-Cr) alloy with additions ofmolybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), and titanium (Ti), has been identified to be theprimary metal for the inner container. The chemical composition-5 6 of this alloy,shown in Table 2-7, is designed to provide a combination of excellent corrosion andoxidation resistance, and desirable mechanical properties and fabricability. The Nicontent is sufficient to prevent chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking. The Ni inconjunction with the Mo and Cu, can also provide sufficient corrosion resistance inreducing environments such as sulfuric and phosphoric acids. The presence of Mosignificantly enhances the resistance of this alloy to localized attack such as pittingand crevice corrosion. The high Cr content confers superior corrosion resistance to avariety of oxidizing environments such as nitric acid, nitrates, and oxidizing salts. Theaddition of Ti serves, with proper thermal treatment, to stabilize this alloy againstsensitization to intergranular attack. An alternate metal for the inner container isAlloy 825 with higher Mo content8 , for which the chemical composition is shown inTable 2-8. This modification, through increased Mo, is designed to provide enhancedresistance to localized corrosion.

Alloy 825 possesses good mechanical properties up to moderately high temperatures(540 0C), beyond which microstructural changes can occur resulting in reduction ofductility and toughness. This alloy, however, has good impact strength at ambienttemperature, and retains its strength at cryogenic temperatures. The roomtemperature tensile properties7 , some physical constants7 and thermal properties 7

are presented in Tables 2-9, 2-10 and 2-11, respectively. Modulus of elasticity andPoisson's ratio over a range of temperature 7 are shown in Table 2-12. This alloy canbe substantially hardened by cold working, as shown in Table 2-9. Thus, theannealing temperatures are critical in maintaining the high degree of corrosionresistance in this material. Therefore, annealing should be done for a selected time

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subsequent to the cold working process. A temperature of 9800C provides acombination of softness and fine grain structure for deep-drawing temper withoutsacrificing corrosion resistance. Quenching, following annealing, is usually notrequired for thin cross section such as sheet, strip and wire, but rapid cooling isdesired to prevent sensitization in heavier sections.

Standard machining operations can be readily performed on Alloy 825. In general,Alloy 825 is considered to possess superior machinability, compared to austenitic Type316L stainless steel. Stainless steels have been characterized as gummy duringcutting, showing a tendency to produce long, stringy chips, which seize or form abuild-up edge on the tool, thus reducing its life and degrading the surface finish.Furthermore this grade of material has good weldability by all conventional processes.This alloy is approved as a material of construction under the Boiler and PressureVessel Code, and is included in Sections I, III, VIII, and IX of the Code. Table 2-13lists allowable design stresses9 for pressure vessels covered by Section VIII, Division1, of the Code. High temperature tensile properties of cold-drawn and annealed Alloy825 rod7 are shown in Figure 2-1. Applications of this type of material includechemical processing, pollution control, oil and gas recovery, nuclear fuel reprocessing,and handling radioactive wastes. Designations and specifications for Alloy 825 includethe following:

UNS N08825ASTM B 705ASME SB 705DIN 17744, 17750, 17751, 17752 and 17754

Alloy C4 (Hastelloy C-4) 1 Alloy C-22 (Hastelloy C-22)

Alloys C-4 and C-22 have been identified to be the alternate metallic materials for theinner container of the waste package. Alloy C-4 is a Ni-Cr-Mo alloy with outstandinghigh-temperature stability as evidenced by high ductility and corrosion resistanceeven after aging in the 650 to 105000 temperature range. This material resists theformation of grain-boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ), thusmaking it suitable for applications in the as-welded condition. Alloy C-4 hasexceptional corrosion resistance to a wide variety of environments including seawater,brines, mineral acids, solvents, and organic and inorganic media. In particular, itsresistance to stress-corrosion cracking in these environments is excellent. Thechemical compositionl1 of Alloy C-4 is shown in Table 2-14.

Alloy C-4 can be forged, hot-upset, and impact extruded. Although this alloy tends towork-harden, it can be successfully deep-drawn, spun, press formed or punched. All ofthe common welding methods can be used to weld Alloy C-4, although the oxy-acetylene and submerged arc processes are not recommended when the fabricateditem is intended for use in corrosive environments.

Wrought forms of Alloy C-4 are generally supplied in the mill-annealed conditionunless otherwise specified. Alloy C-4 is solution annealed at 10660C followed by

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quenching. Annealing is done after cold working operations to restore ductility andlower the yield and ultimate tensile strengths. Because of the very low carboncontents or the presence of stabilizing elements, post-weld thermal treatments are notrequired. Intermetallic precipitates such as mu-phase based on the Fe3 Mo2 structure,

observed with high Ni alloys in the 650 to 1100oC temperature range, have not beendetected in Alloy C-4. Fine intergranular M6 C carbides can, however, form but their

damaging effect is minimal. The average physical properties1 0 , dynamic modulus ofelasticity1 0 , and tensile data1 0 for plate and weldments are shown in Tables 2-15, 2-16 and 2-17, respectively. Alloy C-4 plate, sheet, strip, bar, tubing and pipe arecovered by ASME specifications SB 574, SB, 619, SB 622 and SB 626, and by ASTMspecifications B 574, B 619, B 622 and B 626. In addition, it falls under UNS numberN06455.

Alloy C-22 is a versatile Ni-Cr-Mo alloy with better overall corrosion resistance thanother Ni-Cr-Mo alloys available today. It possesses outstanding resistance to pitting,crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. It has excellent resistance to oxidizingaqueous environments including wet chlorine and oxidizing acids with chloride ions.In particular, its resistance to corrosive damage in environments containing ferric andcupric chlorides, formic and acetic acids, and seawater and brines is excellent. Alloy C-22 resists the formation of grain-boundary precipitates in the HAZ, thus rendering itsuitable for applications in the as-welded condition. The chemical composition1 l ofAlloy C-22 is shown in Table 2-18.

Wrought forms of this alloy are generally furnished in the solution annealedcondition. Annealing is done at 11200C followed by water quenching or rapid aircooling. The average physical properties1 1, modulus of elasticity1 1 and tensile data1 1

are shown in Tables 2-19, 2-20 and 2-2 1, respectively. Alloy C-22 is covered by ASMESection VIII, Division 1. Plate, sheet, strip, bar, tubing, and pipe are covered byASME specifications SB 574, SB 575, SB 619, SB 622 and SB 626, and by ASTMspecifications B 574, B 575, B 619, B 622 and B 626. DIN specification for this alloy is17744 No. 2.4602 (all forms), and it falls within the range of UNS number N06022.

Ti Grade 12 / Ti Grade 16

The primary reasons for identifying titanium-base alloys as inner containment barriermaterials stem from their outstanding corrosion resistance, and useful combination oflow density and high strength. One important characteristic of Ti-base materials isthe reversible transformation of the crystal structure from an alpha (hexagonal close-packed) structure to beta (body-centered cubic) structure when the temperaturesexceed a certain level. This allotropic behavior depends on the type and amount ofalloy contents. Ti alloys can be classified into different categories. Ti Grade 12 and TiGrade 16, however, come under the categories of near-alpha and alpha structures,respectively.

The chemical composition12 of Ti Grade 12 is shown in Table 2-22. This grade of alloywas developed as a cost-effective alternative to Ti Grade 7 (i.e., Ti-0.159%oPd) for hot

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brine applications where unalloyed Ti suffered localized attack. The minor additionsof Ni (0.6 to 0.9 wt %) and Mo (0.2 to 0.4 wt %) to Ti Grade 2 to formulate this alloyennoble the alloy by shifting the electrochemical potential to more positive values,thereby promoting stabilization of the protective oxide (TiO2 ) surface film. They alsoprovide an added benefit by significantly strengthening the Ti through theintroduction of a small amount of J3 phase into the structure, and through solutioneffects.

Heat treatment following cold working is desired for Ti Grade 12. Annealing ataround 7000C is performed1 3 to produce an optimal combination of ductility,machinability, and structural stability. Generous amounts of water soluble oil arerecommended to prevent overheating during machining, and to maintain tool life. Thephysical constants1 3 , and room temperature tensile properties 1 3 are shown in Tables

2-23 and 2-24, respectively. High-temperature tensile properties1 4 of this alloy areillustrated in Figure 2-2. Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of this alloy are shownin Figure 2-3 as functions of test temperatures 1 4 .

Ti Grade 12 can be hot worked in the temperature range of 850 to 9250C. Surfacecontamination is minimized by hot working at the lowest possible temperature, andthe atmosphere should be slightly oxidizing to minimize hydrogen pick-up. This alloycan be readily formed using the standard techniques employed with other Ti alloys.With respect to welding, gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) techniques similar to thoseused for stainless steels are generally employed. Extraordinary measures are to betaken to assure metal cleanliness and total inert gas shielding during welding.Matching filler metal is recommended to maintain corrosion resistance. Post-weldthermal treatment is generally not required. This grade of Ti alloy is covered by

ASTM specifications B 265, B 337, B 338, B 348, B 363 and B 381. ASME 9 has givencode approval to this alloy for Section VIII, Division 1 (Case No. 1843). The UNSnumber for this material is R53400.

Although Ti Grade 7, which contains 0.15% Pd, is by far the most corrosion resistantTi alloy, high cost stemming from significant Pd content and limited mill productavailability have severely inhibited its use. This has prompted development of Tialloys with Pd contents of 0.045 to 0.070 %, thereby reducing alloy mill product pricesby approximately 25%. One such newly developed alloy15 is m Grade 16, which isvery similar in composition to Ti Grade 2 with an exception that it contains 0.05% Pd.No significant change in mechanical and physical properties are anticipated due tothis alloy addition. On the contrary, the presence of Pd significantly improves thecorrosion resistance. The chemical composition 15 of this modified grade of Ti alloy isshown in Table 2-25.

Carbon Steel

A 516 carbon steel16 is recommended as the primary metal for the outer containmentbarrier. The outer barrier will be thicker than the inner barrier, and will also have afunctional requirement of containing the radionuclides and attenuating gamma

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radiation. A steel is considered to be carbon steel when no minimum content isspecified or required for major alloying elements such as Cr, Co, Cb, Mo, Ni, Ti, W, V,Zr, Al or any other element to be added to obtain a desired alloying effect. Carbonsteels are generally categorized according to their carbon content. Generally speaking,carbon steels can be subdivided into four categories: low-carbon, medium-carbon,high-carbon and ultrahigh-carbon steels. The low-carbon steel being considered for thefabrication of outer containment barrier is covered by ASTM Specification A 516, thatincludes pressure vessel plate steels of various thickness with four strength levels.The chemical composition16 of grade 55, A 516 steel is shown in Table 2-26.

Pressure vessel and boiler materials presently covered by ASTM Specification A 516were previously19 covered by ASTM Specification A-212. However, extensiveexperimental data are available on these materials produced under this now obsoletespecification. These data can, therefore, be used as a guide until sufficient data -aregenerated for materials produced under the A 516 specification. The room-temperature tensile properties16 of Grade 55, A 516 steel are shown in Table 2-27.Since the physical and thermal properties of A 516 steel at this strength level are notavailable as a function of temperature, data have been presented here on AISI 1020steel for which the chemical composition is very similar to A 516 steel with anexception of the presence of silicon (Si) in A 516 material. Thermal propertiesincluding specific heat1 7 , and physical constants 1 7 ,18 at various temperatures forAISI 1020 carbon steel are shown in Tables 2-28, 2-29 and 2-30, respectively. Table 2-31 shows the transverse tensile properties of A 212B carbon steel having chemicalcomposition 19 within the compositional range of A 516 plate steel.

Both hot and cold forming can be done to form A 516 Grade 55 steel. Cold formingshould be done at temperatures not less than 380C. Flame cutting can be doneprovided the material is preheated. to 930C and the cut edge subsequently ground tobright metal. Welding1 9 of this grade of material should include a preheat andinterpass temperature of 930C for plate thickness greater than 1-1/4 inches, and forall thickness when the metal temperature is below 150C. This material needs stressrelief following welding, by heating to 6000C, holding 1 hour per inch of thickness,and cooling at the rate of 500C per hour to 3000C followed by air cooling. A low alloyfiller metal is generally recommended for meeting the mechanical propertiesrequirements. The general procedure is to match the filler metal with the base metalin terms of strength.

In addition to wrought carbon steel (i.e., A 516), cast carbon steel such as A 27 Grade60-30 has been identified as an alternate material for the outer containment barrier.The chemical composition20 and the tensile properties requirements 20 of this grade ofcarbon steel casting are shown in Tables 2-32 and 2-33, respectively. This material,which is covered by ASTM Standard A 2720, should be thermally treated by fullannealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and tempering.

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2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo Steel

A steel containing 2-1/4% Cr and 1% Mo steel has been identified as an alternatematerial for the waste package outer container. This material is a low-carbon, low-alloy ferritic steel that has excellent creep-resistance properties at temperatures up to6000C. This material is extensively used in the utility industry for fabricating partsfor boilers and pressure vessels where temperatures typically range between 500 and6000C. This material has been known to possess very high allowable design stressesat temperatures exceeding 5650C. It has a high degree of microstructural stability,and possesses excellent formability and weldability. In addition, it has good resistanceto aqueous corrosion in terms of both weight-loss, and cracking susceptibility. Thismaterial tends to form a fairly adherent oxide film under high-temperature steam orwater exposure, with an oxidation rate2 2 which is parabolic with time. This grade ofalloy is highly resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking, and is almost immune tostress corrosion cracking in aqueous solution containing 5% NaOH. The chemicalcomposition 2 1 , and tensile properties requirements of Grade 22, ASTM A 387 steelare shown in Tables 2-34 and 2-35, respectively.

This material is primarily used in the annealed, normalized-and-tempered, andquenched-and-tempered conditions. For annealing, the material is austenitized attemperatures ranging between 870 and 9300C followed by furnace cooling. A 2-hourhold at 7000C is sometimes used. For normalizing, austenitizing is done attemperatures of 900 to 9500C followed by an air cooling. Tempering is conducted at580 to 7700C. Instead of air cooling, accelerated liquid spray cooling is sometimespracticed after tempering for sections thicker than four inches. For quenching, thisalloy is austenitized at temperatures between 950 and 9800C followed by an oil

quench. Tempering is done at 565 to 6750C. Typical holding times at the desiredtemperatures are one hour per inch of section thickness.

The microstructure of annealed 2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo steel is predominantly ferrite withdispersed carbides and pearlite and possibly bainite. Molybdenum carbides, mainly oftype M2 C, are responsible for providing the desired creep-rupture properties under allheat-treated conditions. A disadvantage of this material is that it is prone to temperembrittlement when exposed in the temperature range of 300 to 5000C, or whensubjected to slow cooling from 600 to 3000C. An associated effect of temperembrittlement of this material is the reduction of resistance to hydrogenembrittlement.

The thermal properties2 2 , physical constants2 2 , and tensile properties2 2 of 2-1/4 Cr -1 Mo steel at various test temperatures are shown in Tables 2-36, 2-37 and 2-38,respectively. Since no information is available on the specific heat of this material atvarious temperatures, specific heat values of 1 Cr - 1/2 Mo steel18 at differenttemperatures are shown in Table 2-39. Weldability of low alloy steel such as 2-1/4 Cr -1 Mo decreases as yield strength increases. However, for all practical purposes,welding this material is the same as welding plain carbon steels that have similar

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carbon equivalents. Preheating may sometimes be required, but postheating is almostnever required. This material is covered by ASTM Specification21 A 387 / A 387M -90a.

Alloy 400

Alloy 400 has been identified as an alternate material for the outer containmentbarrier of a waste package exposed to a wet environment. Monel nickel-copper Alloy400 is a solid-solution alloy that can be hardened only by cold working. It has highstrength and toughness over a wide range of temperature. In addition, its resistanceto many corrosive environments is excellent. The chemical composition 23 '24 of Alloy400 is shown in Table 2-40. The cold-worked material requires a low-temperatureannealing (760-8150C) to develop the optimum combinations of strength and ductility,and to ensure dimensional stability following machining. Annealing should beconducted2 3 in a sulfur-free, reducing atmosphere, since this material may undergosulfur embrittlement in a sulfurous atmosphere. The tensile properties 23 , andphysical constants2 4 of Alloy 400 plate material at ambient temperature are shown inTables 2-41 and 2-42, respectively. The thermal properties 23 , and high temperaturetensile properties2 4 of Alloy 400 are shown in Tables 2-43 and 2-44, respectively.Alloy 400 does not undergo ductile-brittle transition even when cooled to thetemperature of liquid hydrogen.

Alloy 400 can be readily hot and cold worked. Hot working should be conducted in thetemperature range of 925 - 11500C. This material can be readily machined. However,due to its high toughness, cutting speeds are somewhat slower than those for carbonsteel. Virtually any lubricant or coolant, or none at all, can be used in machiningMonel alloys. Welding of Alloy 400 can be done readily by both gas and electricmethods. Gas welding is done with the aid of a special flux. Flux-coated welding rodsshould be used for arc-welded joints. Electric seam welding is adaptable for joiningthin sheets.

Monel Alloy 400 is resistant to most alkalies, salts, waters, organic substances, andatmospheric conditions, both at normal and elevated temperatures. In particular, itscorrosion resistance in reducing chemical environments, and in sea water is excellent.However, this material is highly susceptible to corrosive attack in solutions of ferric,stannic, and mercuric salts due to their strongly oxidizing nature. Furthermore, thisalloy has limited usefulness in oxidizing acids such as nitric and nitrous acids. Also,molten sulfur attacks this material at temperatures above 2600C. Alloy 400 is coveredby ASTM Specification 2 5 B 127 - 91.

Alloy C71500

Alloy C71500, commonly known as 70/30 cupronickel, is the most commonly usedcopper-nickel (Cu-Ni) alloy. This alloy has been identified to be the alternate materialfor fabricating the outer barrier of the defense HLW glass disposal container. Itscombination of desired strength, even at slightly elevated temperatures, formability,

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weldability, and exceptional corrosion resistance make this alloy a natural choice forapplications requiring sufficient strength and corrosion resistance. Its excellentresistance to corrosion from sea water and processing fluids has made this materialthe alloy of choice for heat-exchanger applications of all kinds. The chemicalcomposition 2 4 of wrought C71500 alloy is shown in Table 2-45. Flat products of AlloyC71500 are covered by ASTM Specification 2 6 B 171/B 171M - 91a.

The Cu-Ni alloys offer a wide range of tensile properties in both annealed and cold-worked or heat treated conditions. The typical physical properties2 7 -2 9 , and tensileproperties2 7 of wrought annealed plate of C71500 material are shown in Tables 2-46and 2-47, respectively. This alloy can retain its strength at somewhat elevatedtemperatures. The high-temperature tensile properties 2 8 are shown in Table 2-49.Table 2-48 shows the thermal conductivity2 7 of Alloy C71500 at elevatedtemperatures.

The Cu-Ni alloys can be readily hot worked using conventional methods such asrolling, forging, pressing, and extrusion. Alloy C71500, however, requires relativelyhigher extrusion pressure compared to other Cu-Ni alloys. The wrought Cu-Ni alloysgenerally do not work harden rapidly; thus they need conventional cold working towork harden. The combination of cold working and annealing are used to control thegrain size, and the desired mechanical properties of these alloys. The annealingtemperature depends upon several variables including alloy composition, the degree ofcold work, and the properties desired. Annealing should be done in an inertatmosphere to minimize oxidation, thus improving the surface finish.

Alloy C71500 can be readily welded using shielded metal-arc, gas tungsten-arc, gasmetal-arc, and resistance welding processes. Welding is done using ERCuNi electrodewire. This alloy can be machined readily provided the tool configuration, cuttingspeeds and feeds, and cutting fluids are properly selected. Descaling of Alloy C71500is performed by pickling in oxidizing acids.

Borated 316 Stainless Steel

Austenitic stainless steel containing boron (B) is used in the nuclear industry forcriticality control, transportation casks, and spent fuel storage racks. The addition ofeither natural or enriched boron to stainless steel increases its thermal neutronabsorption capability due to the presence of 1 0 B isotope. Depending upon attenuationrequirements, up to 2.5% boron may be added to austenitic stainless steel such asType 304. However, increasing the boron content beyond 0.74% results in thereduction of ductility and impact resistance. Therefore, it is desirable to use boratedstainless steel that possesses both neutron attenuation properties and adequateductility and impact toughness.

Borated stainless steels are covered by ASTM specification3 0 A 887 - 89, that includesboth conventional (Grade B) and improved (Grade A) types of berated Type 304austenitic stainless steels. The chemical composition requirements 3 0 for both Grades

14

A and B at a given boron content are shown in Table 2-50. While borated Type 316stainless steel has been identified as the basket criticality material, the current ASTMspecification3 0 does not cover the boron-containing Type 316 austenitic stainlesssteel. Type 316 contains somewhat reduced nickel and chromium, compared to Type304, but has some molybdenum in it. While a borated type 304 stainless steel can beused for criticality control, a Type 316 stainless steel containing boron would bepreferred due to its improved resistance to localized corrosion in the presence ofchlorides.

The key to the improved hot workability of Grade A borated stainless steel is thedevelopment of a microstructure consisting of a uniform dispersion of very fineborides. The fine uniform boride distribution also accounts for the improved roomtemperature ductility that allows the Grade A material to be cold worked moreseverely than the Grade B at a given boron content. The fabricability of the Grade Asteel is superior to the Grade B in a number of areas, including machining andwelding. In general, the berated Type 304 stainless steels are readily weldable usingconventional stainless steel welding consumable such as AWS EIER Type 308-L forthin sections, and AWS E/ER type 309-L for sections thicker than 0.25 inch. Theambient temperature mechanical properties 3 0 are shown in Table 2-51. Tables 2-52and 2-53 show a comparison of typical mechanical properties 3 l of the Grades A and Bborated Type 304 stainless steels (manufactured by Carpenter TechnologyCorporation) at ambient temperature and 3500C, respectively.

With regard to the neutron attenuation, it has been theorized that the Grade Amaterial with a finely dispersed boride structure will be more effective in attenuatingthe neutrons than the coarser, less uniformly dispersed borides in the Grade Bmaterial. Having finer borides reduces the probability that a neutron can penetratethe material without striking a boride particle. Since no ASTM or any otherspecification is currently available on borated Type 316 stainless steel, it appearsappropriate to encourage stainless steel manufacturers such as Carpenter TechnologyCorporation to develop a specification on this type of material.

Aluminum-Boron Alloy

Aluminum-boron alloys possess neutronic properties similar to those of boron-loadedstainless steel. One such alloy, commercially known as Alboron and manufactured byEagle-Picher Industries, Inc., is composed of 1100 series Aluminum and enrichedboron. Alboron can, however be made using various aluminum alloys depending onthe desired properties, Natural boron's excellent ability to capture neutrons is due tothe presence of '0B isotope, which occurs at approximately 18 weight percent innatural boron, the remainder being the "B isotope. The ' 0B enrichment in Alboron isabout 95 weight percent. ' 0B isotope has a large thermal neutron absorption crosssection. Accordingly, this alloy has been identified as an alternate material to be usedin baskets for criticality control.

Alboron3 2 is an alloy composed of Al132 blended with aluminum to achieve a desired

boron concentration not exceeding 5.0 weight percent. Above 4.5 weight percent of

15

boron, however, Alboron becomes brittle due to AIB2 bonding with aluminum. The

chemical composition 3 2 of this alloy is shown in Table 2-54. Alboron containing 4.5weight percent boron can have a yield strength of about half that of martensitic type416 stainless steel. Aluminum alloys can be strengthened by age hardening for heattreatable alloys, and dispersion strengthening for non-heat treatable alloys. Agehardened aluminum alloy has a tensile strength similar to annealed austenitic type304 stainless steel, and a yield strength of approximately 73 ksi, about twice that ofType 304 stainless steel. The physical constants3 2 at different temperatures areshown in Table 2-55.

Alboron, having properties of aluminum, is readily molded and extruded.Furthermore, ease in shaping, welding, forming, pressing, and milling are featuresmaking this material desirable. Alboron is considerably less costly than stainless steelwhile achieving similar strength at half the weight.

BORAL

Boral3 3 is another material under consideration for use in baskets as a criticalitycontrol material. It is a precision-hot-rolled, composite plate material consisting of acore of mixed aluminum and boron carbide particles with aluminum cladding on bothsides. It has received wide use in the nuclear industry, as control blades in researchreactors and as criticality control materials in spent fuel pools. Its properties areshown in Tables 2-56, 2-57, and 2-58.

Alloy 6063

Aluminum alloy 6063 is being considered for enhancing the thermal conductivity ofthe basket criticality control material by using a sandwiched structure of boratedType 316 stainless steel and 6063 aluminum alloy. Alloy 6063 is a heat treatable Al-Mg-Si alloy, in which hardening is achieved by the finely divided precipitation of thestoichiometric compound Mg2 Si, which is a stable 13-phase of the equilibrium diagram.

Thermal treatment involves solution annealing at 5200C, followed by aging at 1750Cfor 3 to 8 hours. The chemical composition 3 4 of Alloy 6063 is shown in Table 2-59.This material is covered by ASTM Specification 3 4 : B 221/B 221M - 92a.

Aluminum alloys are designated by a system based on the sequences of mechanical orthermal treatment, or both, to produce various tempers. For example, 6063-T6represents a group of Al-Mg-Si alloy products that are not cold worked after solutionheat treatment, and for which mechanical properties or dimensional stability, or both,have been substantially improved by precipitation heat treatment. The physicalproperties 2 9 ,3 5 of Alloy 6063-T6 at ambient temperature are shown in Table 2-60.

Alloy 6063 has an excellent extrudability, which is generally measured in terms of themaximum extrusion rate achievable without compromising material integrity orsurface finish. The use of nittided dies and small bearing surfaces help in obtainingdesired surface finish at high extrusion velocities. Alloy 6063, however, has relatively

16

poor machinability due to its lower hardness. This alloy is readily weldable. Gastungsten arc, or gas metal arc welding may be used, and postweld thermal treatmentis generally not needed.

Alloy 6063 has an excellent corrosion resistance, in particular, resistance to generalcorrosion and stress corrosion cracking in seawater in the presence of oxygen at pHranging between 4.5 and 8. In addition, this material is found to possess sufficientresistance to swelling when subjected to neutron irradiation. The elevated

temperature tensile properties3 5 , and thermal expansion coefficients at varioustemperatures 2 9 for Alloy 6063 are shown in Tables 2-61 and 2-62, respectively.

Depleted Uranium

The function of the shield plug is to reduce the radiation dose so that the radiationworkers can install the remote MPC lid closure device, namely the automatic weldingapparatus. Thus, the plug material should be effective in shielding both gamma andneutron radiation. Since the shield plug has no specific function relative tocontainment, the use of depleted uranium with stainless steel sheathing has beensuggested for the shield plug. These materials are compatible with the structuralcomponent. Also, the presence of uranium could reduce the corrosion rate of SNF,since it introduces uranium cations into solution which retards the U0 2 dissolutionprocess. It is also a potential method of disposing of slightly contaminated uranium inthe government stockpile.

High Purity Iron

The filler material may be needed to provide enhanced heat transfer, criticalitycontrol, and chemical buffering. The currently preferred material is a size-graded highpurity iron shot, which would fill a substantial percentage of the space in and aroundthe spent fuel assemblies to assist in the transfer of heat from the fuel rods, precludethe need for assuming complete water inundation of the SNF in criticalitycalculations, and provide chemical buffering of any water that enters the canister.

3. Degraded Materials Properties

The data presented in the tables and figures of Section 6 of this volume apply tomaterials as received from suppliers and numerous literature. Over long time periodsin the repository, it is expected that some degradation of properties will occur.Modeling of this degradation is one of the topics to be covered in Volume 3 of thisreport. This work is currently in its early stages, and progress will depend onobtaining results from long-term testing.

17

4. Final Remarks

The Waste Package Plan3 6 and the Waste Package Implementation Plan' describe theprocess for waste package materials selection for designs different from thosedescribed in this revision of the Engineered Materials Characterization Report. Asdiscussed in the above documents, different EBS concepts requiring different wastepackage designs will necessitate revisiting both the materials selection criteria andthe materials selection process using selection criteria that are revised as needed.

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of CivilianRadioactive Waste Management, Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Office, LasVegas, NV, and performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy bythe Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-48 and by TRW Environmental Safety Systems Inc. under contract number DE-AC01-RW00134.

5. References:

1. 'Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project Waste Package ImplementationPlan," YMP/92-11, Rev. 0, ICN 2, September 1993.

2. "Specification for Heat-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless SteelPlate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels," ASME Specification: SA - 240, 1990.

3. "Properties and Selection : Irons, Steels, and High - Performance Alloys," MetalsHandbook, Volume 1, Tenth Edition.

4. "316 Stainless," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS / PurdueUniversity.

5. "Standard Specification for Nickel-Alloy (UNS N06625 and N08825) Welded Pipe,"ASTM Designation: B 705 - 82.

6. "Specification for Nickel-Alloy (UNS N06625 and N08825) Welded Pipe," ASMESpecification: SB - 705, 1993.

7. "INCOLOY alloy 825," INCO Alloys International Technical Brochure, PublicationNo. IAI - 32, Second Edition, 1992.

8. Private communication with R. D. McCright, LLNL, June 1994.

9. Sections I, III, VIII, and IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

10. "HASTELLOY Alloy C - 4," HAYNES International Technical Information,Publication No. H - 2007A, 1988.

11. "HASTELLOY C - 22 Alloy," HAYNES International Technical Information,Publication No. H - 2019D.

12. "Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet and Plate,"ASTM Designation: B 265 - 90.

13. "TiCode - 12," Alloy Digest, February 1979.

14. "Crevice corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of ASTM Grade 12Titanium Alloy," KOBELCO Technology Review, No. 6, August 1989.

15. "A cost - optimized Ti - Pd Alloy (Ti - 0.05 Pd)," RMI Titanium Company TechnicalData Sheet.

16. "Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate andLower Temperature Service," ASTM Designation: A 516 / A 516M - 90.

19

17. "Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys," MetalsHandbook, Volume 1, Tenth Edition.

18. "Introduction to Heat Transfer," F. P. Incropera and D. P. Dewitt, John Wiley andSons Publisher.

19. "A - 515, A - 516 Steel," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS /Purdue University.

20. "Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application,"ASTM Designation: A 27/ A 27M - 91.

21. "Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum," ASTM Designation: A 387 I A 387M - 90a.

22. "2-1/4 Cr - 1 Mo Steels," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS /Purdue University.

23. "Monel Alloy 400," Alloy Digest, July 1964.

24. "Monel Alloy 400," Huntington Alloys.

25. "Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Plate, Sheet, andStrip," ASTM Designation: B 127 - 91.

26. "Standard Specification for Copper-Alloy Plate and Sheet for Pressure Vessels,Condensers and Heat Exchangers," ASTM Designation: B 171 / B 171M -91a.

27. "Cu - Ni Alloys," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS / PurdueUniversity.

28. "Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys under Consideration for Nuclear WasteContainers", A. Cohen and W. S. Lyman, Copper Development Association Inc., July1986.

29. "Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special - Purpose Materials,"Metals Handbook, Volume 2, Tenth Edition.

30. "Standard specification for borated stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip fornuclear application," ASTM Designation: A 887 - 89.

31. "Carpenter Neutrosorb and Carpenter Neutrosorb PLUS borated stainless steels,"R. S. Brown, Carpenter Technology Corporation, Reading, PA.

32. "Presentation on Enriched Borated Aluminum," Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc.

33. "BORAL, the Proven Neutron Absorber: General Information Bulletin-O.1," AARAdvanced Structures, Livonia, MI (1994)

20

34. "Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods,Wire, Shapes, and Tubes," ASTM Designation: B 221/B 221M - 92a.

35. "6063, 6463 Aluminum," Structural Alloys Handbook, December 1988, CompiledASM Specialty Handbook.

36. "Waste Package Plan," YMP 90-62, Yucca Mountain Site Characterization ProjectOffice, Las Vegas, NV (1990)

21

6. Tables and Figures

TABLE 1-6

CANDIDATE MATERIALS FOR MULTI-BARRIER CONTAINERS

CORROSION RESISTANT MATERIALS

UINS Nnmher Common or Commmrdal Name ASMd Number Nominal Compoition

Nickel-rich Stainless AlloysN08825 Alloy 825, Incoloy 825 B 424 (plate) Ni 38.0-46.0; Cr 19.5-23.5; Mo 2.5-3.5; Fe balance;

Cu 1.5-3.0; Ti 0.6-1.2; Mn 1.0 max; C 0.05 max;Si 0.5 max; S 0.03 max; Al 0.2 max

N08221 Alloy 825hMo, NiCrFe 4221 B 424 (plate) Ni 39.0-46.0; Cr 20.0-22.0; Mo 5.0-6.5; Fe balance;Cu 1.5-3.0; Ti 0.6-1.0; Mn 1.0 max; C 0.025 max;Si 0.5 max; S 0.03 max; Al 0.2 max

.... ......................... _----_._ -.------.-..--.- _--- _ ---.- _-.--_-....----.--------_.------....--------_._._--.-.----.-.---.-_... _..................._._ ..........

Nickel-base AlloysN06022 Alloy C-22, Hastelloy c-22 B 575 (plate) Ni balance; Cr 20.0-22.0; Mo 12.5-14.5; Fe 2.0-6.0;

W 2.5-3.5; Co 2.5 max; Mn 0.5 max; C 0.015 max;Si 0.08 max; V 0.35 max; S 0.02 max; P 0.02 max

N06455 Alloy C-4, Hastelloy C-4 B 575 (plate) Ni balance; Cr 14.0-18.0; Mo 14.0-17.0; Fe 3.0 max;Co 2.0 max; Mn 1.0 max; C 0.015 max;Si 0.08 max; Ti 0.7 max; 8 0.03 max; P 0.04 max

..................... …. . .. ... ..... ._ ....._......... .... . .…. .......... . . . . .… ................................... . . . ..... . ... . .... ...... ... .. . .... . . . . . ..........

TianiumR53400 Ti-Grade 12 B 265 Grade 12 Ni 0.6-0.9; Mo 0.2-0.4; N 0.03 max; C 0.08 max;

H 0.015 max; Fe 0.3 max; 0 0.25 max; Ti balance

None to date Ti-Grade 16 none to date 0.05 Pd; 0.1 Ru; Ti balance

................... ..................................….... ... . ...... . .... . -._ ............ _........ . ............ . ........... ... . .. _-. ......................

For comparison to (and possible replacement for) UNS N08221:(Note that other similar Ni-base alloys may also be considered here.)N06030 Alloy G-30; Hastelloy G-30 B 582 (plate) Ni balance; Cr 28.0-31.5; Mo 4.0-6.0; Fe 13.0-17.0; W

Co 5.0 max; Cu 1.0-2.4; Nb+Ta 0.3-1.5; Mn 1.5 max;C 0.03 max; Si 0.8 max; S 0.02 max; P 0.04max

TABLE 14 (Cont.)

CANDMATE MATERTALS EQR MULTT-13ARRIER CONTAIURS

MODERATELTY CORROSION RESISTANT or "wNTERMan 1TiATE" MArs TRALaS(performance between corrosion allowance and corrosion resitant)

UJNS Number -Common or Commercial Na~me ASTM Number - Nominal Compoeition

Copper and Nickel Alloys

N04400 Alloy 400, Monel 400 B 127 (plate) Ni 63.0 min; Cu 28.0-34.0; Fe 2.5 max; Mn 2.0 max;C 0.03 max; Si 0.5 max; Si 0.5 max; S 0.024 max

C71500 70-30 Copper Nickel,CDA 715 B 171 (plate) Ni 29.0-33.0; Cu balance; Mn 1.0 max; Pb 0.02 max;Fe 0.4-1.0; Zn 0.5 max; C 0.05 max; P 0.02 max; S 0

CORROSION ALLOWANCE MATERIALS

Carbon and Allob Steels

G10200 1020 Carbon Steel

Centrifugally Cast Steel

2_Cr-lMo Alloy Steel

A 516(Grade 55)

A 27(Grade 70-40)

A 387(Grade 22)

J02501

C 0.22 max; Mn 0.6-1.20; P 0.035 max; S 0.04 max;Si 0.15-0.40; Fe remainder

C 0.25 max; Mn 1.20 max; P 0.050 max; S 0.060 ma:Si 0.80 max; Fe remainder

C 0.15 max; Mn 0.3-0.6; P 0.035 max; S 0.035 max;Si 0.5 max; Cr 2.00-2.60; Mo 0.90-1.10; Fe remainde

K21590

Table 2-1Chemical Composition of Type 316L Stainless Steel* (Weight %)2

C: 0.03 (max)Mn: 2.00 (max)P: 0.045 (max)S: 0.03 (max)Si: 0.75 (max)Cr: 16.00 -18.00Ni: 10.00- 14.00Mo: 2.00 -3.00N: 0.10 (max)Fe: Balance

*For 316LN9 Stainless Steel2 , Nitrogen (N) content will range between 0.10 and 0.16 wt%

*For 3I6NG Stainless Steel2 , Carbon (C) content will be 0.02 wt%.

Table 2-2

Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Type 31 6L Stainless Steel3

Condition 0.2% Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation Reduction in Hardness(ksi)_____ (si1 ___ Area.% 1R

Cold Finished 45 90 30 40 NA(Wire)Cold Fiished & 45 90 30 40 NAAnnealed Bar(a)Cold Finished & 25 70 30 40 NAAnnealed Bar~b)Hot Finished & 25 70 40 50 95 (max)Annealed BarAnnealed Forging 25 65 40 50 NAAnnealed Wire 25 70 35 50 NAAnnealed Plate, 25 70 40 NA 95 (max)Sheet or Stnip*

NA : Not available(a) Up to 0.5" thick(b) Over 0.5" thick*Recommended condition.

23

Table 2-3

Thermal Properties of Type 316L Stainless Steel3 ' 4

Tvnarats /VN{ 'TIhnrnlnI (NA .ntiit,, ( W-nt I I tnn~firiln N --Fnnn -I _:III)UVi4dtiC IIIV .I I lLlilttJl VIItItIlIVlY t TV III . I .J.II.-P-WIIt Ws l-^AJ(IEIIJjII

3004006008001000

13.415.218.321.324.2

8.2 x 10-6

Table 2-4

Physical Constants of Type 31 6L Stainless Steel3 ' 4

Temperature (K) Specific Heat (J/k. K) Emissivity* Young's Modulus* Poisson's Ratio*

300 468 0.09 28.3 x 1o6 psi(195 GPa)

0.25

4006008001000

504550576602

0.10

* For Type 316 Stainless Steel ; Data do not exist for Type 316L Stainless Steel. Values for Young'"Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of Type 316 Stainless Steel were obtained from Carpenter Technology

24

Table 2-5

Physical Properties of Annealed Type 316 Stainless Steel at various temperatures4

Temperature

(OF)

Density*

(lb/ in3 )

Diffusivity*( ft2 /hr)

Electrical Resistivity*

(PQ.cm)

6820040060080010001200

0.28730.28610.28460.28290.28130.27960.2779

0.1430.1440.1480.1580.1670.1730.188

7479879399104110

* Data do not exist for Type 316L Stainless Steel

Table 2-6

Tensile Properties of Types 316 & 316L Stainless Steels at various temperatures 4

Temperature (OF) Ultimate Tensile Strength (ksi)316 316L

Yield Strength (ksi)316 316L

Elongation Percent316 316L

Room40080012001600

8472626025

8272605623

4530252215

4230221910

40 42

151815

222035

25

Table 2-7

Chemical Composition of Alloy 825 (Weight %)5,6

Carbon (C):Manganese (Mn):Sulfur (S):Silicon (Si):Chromium (Cr):Nickel (Ni):Molybdenum (Mo):Copper (Cu):Titanium (Ti):Aluminum (Al):Iron (Fe):

0.05 (max)1.0 (max)0.03 (max)0.50 (max)19.5 - 23.538.0 - 46.02.50 - 3.501.50- 3.000.60- 1.200.20 (max)22.00 (min)

Table 2-8

Chemical Composition of Alloy 825 with higher Mo (Weight%) 8

C: 0.025 (max)Mn: 1.00 (max)S: 0.03 (max)Si: 0.50 (max)Cr: 20.5 - 22.0Ni: 36.0 - 46.0Mo: 5.00 - 6.50Cu: 1.50 - 3.00Ti: 0.60- 1.00Al: 0.20 (max)Fe: Balance

Table 2-9

Ambient-Temperature Tensile Properties of Alloy 8257

Tensile Strength Yleld S h Elongation,

Forn and Condition 1000 psi MPa 1000 pslI MNPTubing. Annealed 112 772 64 441 36TubingColdDfawn 145 1000 129 889 I5Bar, Annealed 100 690 47 324 45Plate, Annealed 96 662 49 338 45Sheet Annealed 110 758. 61 421 39

26

Table 2-10

Physical Constants for Alloy 8257

DensityIbrnm .............. 0.294MgIm. 8.14

Melling Range, F .25002550C ............ 1370-1400

Specilk Heal, BtuF .F..... 0.105g..C. U

Curie Temperature. *F .<-320C ..... <-196

Fermeabiy at 200 oersted (15.9 kAm) . ... 1.005

Table 2-11

Thermal Properties of Alloy 8257*

Temper- Coefficient Thermal Eletricalature of Expansions Conductivity Resistivt

*F t1-lO-lnlin- F Btu-n/lft-h-F ohm-ircmilltt

-250 - 55 -

-200 - 59 -

-100 - 66 -0 - 72.6 -

78 - 76.5 678100 - 78.4 680200 7.8 85.0 687400 8.3 97.5 710600 8.5 109.6 728800 8.7 119.7 751

1000 8.8 130.9 7611200 9.1 141.8 7621400 95 154.9 7651600 9.7 171.6 7751600 - 192.0 7822000 _ - 793

___ pmilm-.C WIm-OC jnli-150 - 7.9 _-100 - 5.9 _

0 - 10.7 _25 - 11.1 1.13

100 14.1 12.3 1.14200 14.8 13.8 1.18300 15.3 15.4 1.21400 15.6 16.9 124500 15.8 18.2 126600 16.0 19.6 1.27700 16.7 21.2 1.27800 17.3 23.1 128900 - 25.5 129

1000 _- 1.30*Emissivity data are not available. 'MeancoericientoflinearexpansionbehoenS0F7Ciandtemperature

shown.

27

Table 2-12

Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of Alloy 8257

Temper- Young's Shearaure moduhis Moduhls Poisson's

*F 10 ps 10__

73 29.8 10.51 0.42200 29.2 10.28 0.42400 28.2 9.87 0.43600 27.2 9.48 0.43BO0 261 9.04 0.44

1000 25.0 8.60 0.451200 23.8 8.13 0-461400 22.5 7.64 0.471600 20.9 7.12 0.471800 19.0 6.48 0.472000 16.8 5.58 0.51

*C GPa GPa Poisson'sRatio

23 206 72n5 0.42100 201 70.7 0.42200 195 682 0.43300 188 65.6 0.43400 181 63-2 0.43500 175 60.3 0.45600 168 57.5 0.46700 160 54.5 0.47E00 151 51.4 0.47900 141 48.0 Q47

1000 128 43.7 0.46

Table 2-13

Design Stresses for Alloy 825, from ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code7

1Jaximum Maimum Alimthb1SumesMetal

Tjperature Standard Cmon olr

*F _ psi UPa psI MPa

100 38 21200 146.1 21200 146.1200 93 21200 141.1 21200 146.1300 149 20400 140.6 21200 146.1400 204 19200 132.3 21200 146.1sao 260 18300 126.1 21200 146.1600 316 17800 122.7 21 20D 146.1650 343 17600 121.3 21100 145.4700 371 17300 1192 21000 144.7750 39 172D0 1 . 20900 144.1800 427 1710 117.9 2080 143.4850 454 16900 116.5 20600 142.0900 482 16800 115.8 20500 141.3950 510 16700 115.1 20100 138S5

1000 538 16600 114.4 19700 135.8These higher strss iu rof up to90% of yield strength at temperature may

be used where slightiy greater debrmnbon is aeptabmp These stresses mayres* in dimensional hanges due to permanent strin and are not recom-mended tor applicatwns such as flanges dgasketed joint

28

ShMSs. X psi Elf on.%

Figure 2-1 - High Temperature Tensile Properties of Annealed Alloy 825 Bar7

29

Table 2-14

Chemical Composition of Alloy C-4 (Weight %)10I

C: 0.01 (max)Mn: 1.00 (max)P: 0.025 (max)S: 0.010 (max)Si: 0.08 (max)Cr: 14.00-18.00Mo: 14.00 - 17.00Co: 2.00 (max)Ti: 0.70 (max)Fe: 3.00 (max)Ni: Balance

Table 2-15

Average Physical Properties of Alloy C-4IO*

P'ww T e _ 7 lw.29 6'..h 4Mis 1ee. IC U% vI

1a 031 tf". 20 l6491n'

74 AS IfauhnH& 22 1.25 nm09hMUbt 77 ^4 1-~~ ~~~ nelmk 2S t t2- whng

212 4 3 n ahw IBM 1.2S s

212 49-6 HfmOh4k 200 1.26 .adwn

572 499 xe 127 111ma tt152 902 Mfuw . 400 1. .. lrn-e1t32 501 S 00 121 nadniw1112 Iii Aniawauk. 600 132 ?WchItne

MIem COIha..l 61200 6 0 m f 2043 s10 a 10-m m-KU66-40 m e F 20004 11.9 x 10l% m-K61U400 7 0 fmw.encn...F 20.316 126 x lK rmK6S. I 72 n f 20427 130 x t0-mnwwK661000 7's e m~a~ds hu.¶ 2052 13 lOes-K68-1200 75 0ndwsrO-f 20449 12S * l0-% l61400 £0 lwsA.F 20.760 144 X 10 %,e-K66-1600 635 fwha... 20J71 141 x 10KInw-K611e6 0 7 _ . f&-F 20962 15.7 a 10'mln'K

Theui 74 70 6hni1.'4..1 223 10l1 100"212 79 IhnALt24w-F 100 11.4 Wtn-K212 12 Stw-iAI-

14w-¶ 200 13 2 Whn4

512 10W Bt6 ttAL F xe0 IS 0 Wl.K752 IS I lk.ALt4.4f 400 16 7 W.Vn-Kn72 121 StOi.h fL'-F 500 i04A wh nK1112 142 5if4t.14w4-F 600 20SWiK

Sewqcdc 1N# 32 2 6061 8wft.S 0 40 .LsqK212 0 102 BUM -F 100 427 1JlS22 01071 11A.P 200 '4.159-K

572 0 IIIl bwF 300 465Jh9 -K752 011 1s8t-F 400 477J56.K932 01 7 Btu -IF 50 49O.J14-K1112 0120Ur.^ -IF 600 502J.gK

7x1 74 a0 W ...c 23 298 10-e212 OOOS Aw1c. 100 31x 10f1-Whi36? 0 Ms0...'w 200 33 . Io-W4572 0 006 ..'se 300 3 7 10o-m5752 0006. 4ee 400 40 a 10.--',s132 07 Oa'? 500 * .10'ICt,t3 2 0 0I.

3ah Gc 600 Ay . Iom--

*Emissivity data are not available

3()

Table 2-16

Average Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity for Alloy C-41 0

Test Temp.,OF (°C)

Average Dynamic Modulus ofElasticity, 106 psi IGPa)Form Condition

Plate. ½l/ in.(12.7mm) thick

Heat-treatedat 19500F(1 066 C).rapid quenched

Room

200 (93)

400 (204)

600 (316)

800 (427)

1000 (538)

1200 (649)

1400 (760)

1600 (871)

1800 (982)

30.8 (211)

30.2 (207)29.3 (201)28.3 (194)27.3 (187)26.2 (179)25.0 (171)23.7 (162)22.2 (152)20.6 (141)

*Awerage eo 1hree sts at each teIperature.

Table 2.17

Average Tensile Data, Sheet and Plate for Alloy C-41 0

TestTemp.,OF (OC)Form Condition

Sheet. 0.125 in.(3.2mm) thick

Aged 100 hrs.at 1650OF(899°C)

Room400 (204)600 (316)800 (427)1000 (53811200 (649)1400 (760)

Room400 (204)600 1316)800 (427)1000 (538)1200 (649)1400 (760)

UltimateTensileStrength,Ksi IMPa)

114.6 (790)

103.2 (712)

99.5 (686)

97.0 (669)

93.3 (643)

86.6 (597)

76.2 (525)

111.8 (771)

100.6 (694)

98.0 (676)

97.2 (670)

89.6 (618)

89.6 (618)

73.5 (507)

YieldStrength at0.2% offset.Ksi (MPa)

54.6 (376)

47.1 (325)

43.1 (297)

40.6 (280)

39.9 (275)

37.2 (256)

36.3 (250)

48.7 (336)

39.5 (272)

37.0 (255)

37.1 (256)

32.1 (221)

34.1 (235)

29.7 (205)

�n

Elongationin 2 in.(50.8mmlpercent

5654576057565662515657535670

U

.

-

Plate, ¾ in.(9.5mm) thick

Aged 100 hrs.at 1650'F(899°C

31

Table 2-18

Chemical Composition of Alloy C-22 (Weight %)1

C: 0.010 (max)Mn: 0.50 (max)Si: 0.08 (max)Cr: 22.00Ni: 56.00Mo: 13.00Co . 2.50 (max)W: 3.00V: 0.35 (max)Fe: 3.00

Table 2-19

Average Physical Properties of Alloy C-22 1 1*

Dev 75 0 314t 2z *2 @; ot'

Me" Ten04au.* Rove 24752S0 13574399

EI.tkc* RPsty, 75 * 8 .*Crh 24 t.14 eChWff212 463 nfi1IEO I0 1 23 fomtwom

392 48.7 t-mvp""M 200 1.24 nAh05r2 492 a 3oo 125 wf..m752 496 ma0%4 Mo 126332 49 9 meatw 5SW 1.27 akanwo

1112 502 mvhu4L = RU2S 1431,0U

Mean Co0011ci o 75-200 6* m.el n.* F 2493 12.4 n to. w-

Th..mW S.P a 175-400 69 - F 24-204 12.4 a SO'S 0*K716w0 ? a mciw e-F 24-316 126G I0.'M.W

rs8aoo 7I ffwapno n f 24427 13 3 . to. fkWW

15.0lo0 7 7 1 w, SIft*F 24 Mg 13Sa O. lmv75-12W0 61 cnlwwvhn -F 24649 I6. I' NWmn.7is140 ce rs-sN%.-If 2Z760 13I. I10. nVhVK7s5.o16 66no04s-F 24471 isa. to- .Me-K75.law0 t0 eeChvM .f 24962 Of2 * 1"0. P

ThI^JIO 1ef 70 0 004 e VWc . 2' 27 . I" ;Z4212 a005 sec 100 3e0 I o.'ni'392 a 005m'ofc 200 5 aI." MO572 0 W6 7m c 3co *2S f.fm'752 0007 e scew 0 2 X a10. #n932 GOD7?Asac 500 46:10.'m'Is1112 0 00?*. nut 000 doS:10'mll

Thww Corowotey 118 70 BS.-OARlvW -F 46l ICl WhIK2 2 77 &fr.-Ak' -4F 10 II I WIm.A392 93 63,n Lv -F 200 t3 4 WhtJK572 IC ClM"IAt L4V -F 30 15 5 WKtx152 121 8Li4w-.-F 400 17 S WhtK932 135 -ew AI4wv.-F 500 195 WhIN-K1112 146 Mub fit &4v..-F 60 21 3 WtSK

Sceciac .i 126 0.09X 8.l--F 52 41 A1 1K-K212 0e01 Bo .A.-F 100 423 .9Kg-K392 0 106 0Sut-F 200 444JM9K5.2 O l0 Blum- -F 300 *50 JKg K752 0 114 Bkft -'F 400 476 JXKTKS32 0116 Bluft.--F 500 465 ^Kq4(1112 0 122t -IF 600 SIJ Ml1g-K

*Emissivity data are not available

32

Table 2-20

Average Dynamic h1odullis of Elasticity for Alloy C-22 11

Aerage DynamicTest Temperature Modulus of Elasticity

Form Condition OF (CC) 106 psi (GPa)

Plate Heal-treated Room 29.9 (206)at 20501F 200 (93) 29.4 (203)(1 121 OC).Rapid Ouenched 400 (204) 28.5 (196)

600 (316) 27.6 (190)800 (427) 26.6 (183)

1000 (538) 25.7 (177)

1200 (649) 24.8 (171)1400 (760) 23.6 (163)1600 (871) 22.4 (154)1800 (982) 21.1 (145)

Table 2-21

Average Tensile Data for Solution Annealed Alloy C-22' 1

eUltimate Yield Slrength Elongation inTest Temperature Tensile Strength, at 0.29 Offset, 2 in. (5Q8 mm).

Form OF (CC) Ksi Xsi-

Sheet Room 116 59 570.028 - 0.125 in. 200 (93) 110 54 58(0.71 - 3.2 mm)thick" 400 204) 102 44 57

600 (316) 98 42 628o0 (427) 95 41 67

1000 (538) 91 40 611200 (649) 85 36 651400 (760) 76 35 63

Plate. Room 114 54 62114 - 314 in.(6.4 - 19.1 mm) 200 (93) 107 49 65thick.. 400 (204) 98 41 66

600 (316) 95 36 68800 (427) 92 35 68

1000 (538) 88 34 671200 (649) 83 32 691400 (760) 76 31 68

Bar, Room 111 52 70112 - 2 in. 200 (93) 105 45 73(12.7 - 50.8 mm)dameter.... 400 (204) 96 38 74

600 (316) 92 34 79800 (427) 89 31 79

1000 (538) 84 29 601200 (649) 80 28 801400 (760) 72 29 77

*-Ks be d 10 2e m I Wa WngdK32 br '--'^ NV GM**~I2hefW0 30W -'eW I6.32WM ...^wg Atupe8.1 I

33

Table 2-22

Chemical Composition of Ti Grade 12 (Weight %)12

N :C:H :Fe:0 :Mo:Ni:Residuals (each):Residuals (total):Ti:

0.03 (max)0.08 (max)0.015 (max)0.30 (max)0.25 (max)0.20- 0.400.60 - 0.900.10 (max)0.40 (max)Remainder

Table 2-23

Physical Constants of Ti Grade 1213

Density:Specific Gravity:Poisson's Ratio:

Specific Heat:Coefficient of

Thermal Expansion:

Thermnal Conductivity:

Electrical Resistivity:

Elastic Modulus:Emissivity:

0.163 lb/ in3

4.510.35

543.9 J / kg. K (at 750F)

5.3 x 10-6 . OF-I (at 32 - 6000F)

19.17 W/m.K at200C

18.02 W/m . K at 1000C17.44 W/m. K at 1500 C

51.3 pQ.cm at 200 C

65.1 pIQ.cm at 1000 C

73.8 pQ.cm at 1500 C15 x 106 psi (Tension)NA (Not Available)

Table 2-24

Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Ti Grade 1213

Tensile Strength:Yield Strength:Elongation:Reduction in Area:

70 ksi (min)50 ksi (min)18 % (min)25 % (min)

34

YS(U\-..

20 -

I0

32

f 20 - - EL (L)

d10

0 100 zMo 300 40oTarp Tempeftture t

Figure 2-2 - High-Temperature Tensile Properties of Ti Grade 1214

.E

Z1iL

o.s

0.4

0.3

121

I_-: PI;.ums Rado

: Yeaqs Mwsn.1

fIll

Ax lo[-._ IRT IX M 30

Tau T DmSmw t

Figure 2-3 - Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of Ti Grade 12 at Different Temperatures14

35

Table 2-25

Chemical Composition of Ti Grade 16 (Weight %)15

N :C :H :Fe:0 :Pd :Residuals (each):Residuals (total):Ti:

0.03 (max)0.10 (max)0.015 (max)0.30 (max)0.25 (max)0.045 - 0.0700.10 (max)0.40 (max)Remainder

Table 2-26Chemical Composition of Grade 55 A 516 Carbon Steel (Weight %)16

C :Mn:P :

S :Si:Fe :

0.22 (max)0.60- 1.200.035 (max)0.035 (max)0.15 - 0.40Balance

Table 2-27Ambient-Temperature Tensile Properties Requirements of Grade 55

A 516 Carbon Steel16 *

Ultimate Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa)Yield Strength, ksi (MPa)Elongation % in 2 in. (50 mm)

55 - 75 (380 - 515)30 (205) (min)27 (min)

*Since data do not exist in the literature for the ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of A 516carbon steel, an average UCS of 214 ksi can be used (refer to Materials Eneineering, December1990, page 34 - ASTM Grade A 47 Ferritic Malleable Cast Iron).

36

Table 2-28

Thermal Properties of AISI 1020 Carbon Steell7 *

Temperature

(°C)

Coefficient of

Expansionpm/m .K

Thermal

ConductivityW/m .K

Electrical

ResistivityV!& .m

Emissivity

020100200300400500600700

NANA11.712.112.813.413.914.414.8

51.9NA51.048.9NANANANANA

NA0.1590.2190.292NANANANANA

NANANANANANANANANA

* Data do not exist for A-516 Carbon Steel ; Chemical compositions of AISI 1020 and ASTM A 516 cartsteels are very similar with an exception that AISI 1020 steel does not contain Si.

NA: Not available

Table 2-29

Mean Apparent Specific Heats of 1020 Carbon Steel' 7 *

Temperature NO

50- 0o0150 - 200350 - 400

Specific Heat (J/kg .K)

486519599

* Data do not exist for A 516 Carbon Steel.

37

Table 2-30

Density, Poisson's Ratio, and Modulus of Elasticity of Low Carbon SteelI 7 ,l 8 *

Temperature.-QF)- Density, kg/n (lb/in3 ) Poisson's Ratio Modulus of Elasticity. GPa (rsi)

Room Temperature

200 (400)

360 (680)

445 (830)

490 (910)

8131 (0.2931) 0.30 207 (30 x

193 (28 x

179 (26 x

165 (24 x

152 (22 x

106)106)

106)106)106)

* Specific data do not exist for A 516 Carbon Steel.

Table 2-31

Transverse Tensile Properties of A 212B Carbon Steel19 *

Temperature (Q.P) Tensile Sirenmth ksi') Yield Strenpih fksi) % Elanpaiiion % Reduction in area

Room Temperature125200300400500

75,8872.5072.2580.2583.4085.00

44.6644.70

41.5

20.031.0

46.13

28.531.2

41.6039.7036.70

* ASTM Specification A 212 is a predecessor to A 516. Tensile properties were determined using carlsteel having composition within ASTM Specification A 516 chemical composition range.

Table 2-32

Chemical Composition of A 27 Grade 60-30 Cast Carbon Steel2 0

CMnSiSPFe

0.30 (max)0.60 (max)0.80 (max)0.06 (max)0.05 (max)Balance

38

Table 2-33

Tensile Properties Requirements for A 27 Grade 60-30 Cast Carbon SteeI2 ()

Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa)Yield Strength, ksi (MPa)Elongation in 2 in, %Reduction in Area, %

: 60 (415) (min)30 (205) (min)

: 24 (min): 35 (min)

Table 2-34Chemical Composition of A 387 Grade 22 Class I

2-1/4Cr- I Mo Low-Alloy Steel2 1

CMnPSSiCrMoFe

0.05 - 0.150.30 - 0.600.035 (max)0.035 (max)0.50 (max)2.00- 2.500.90- 1.10Balance

Table 2-35Tensile Properties Requirements for A 387 Grade 22 Class 1

2-1/4Cr-I Mo Low-Alloy Steel21

Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa)Yield Strength, ksi (MPa)Elongation in 2 in (50 mm), %Reduction in area, %

60 - 85 (415 - 585)30 (min)45 (min)40 (min)

39

Table 2-36

Thermal Properties of 2- 1/4Cr- I Mo Steel2 2 *

Temperature(0 F)

Coefficient of Thermal

Expansion (in/in.OF)

Thermal Conductivity

(Btu ft/hr.ft2 . 0 F)Thermal Diffusivity(ft2/hr)

70

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

6.45 x 10-6

6.6 x 10-6

6.90 x 10-6

7.35 x 10-6

7.65 x 10-6

7.90 x 10-6

8.10x 10-6

8.25 x 10-6

8.40 x 10-6

8.50 x 10-6

8.61 x 10-6

8.67x 10-6

8.72 x 10-6

20.9

21.0

21.3

21.5

21.5

21.4

21.1

20.7

20.2

19.7

19.1

18.5

18.0

0.408

0.397

0.385

0.371

0.357

0.341

0.323

0.305

0.285

0.264

0.241

0.217

0.192

*Emissivity data are not available.

Table 2-37

Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of 2-1/4Cr-IMo Steel2 2

Temperature (OF) Modulus of Elasticity (106 psi) Poisson's Ratio

702004006008001000120()

30.629.828.827.726.324.622.5

0.2870.2900.2930.2950.2970.3040.314

40

Table 2-38Tensile Properties of 2-1/4Cr- I Mo Steel as Functions of Temperature 22

Temperature (OF) Tensile Strength (ksi) Yield Strength (ksi)

7520040060080010001200

60565357605028

30282727262416

Table 2-39Specific Heat of 1Cr-1/2Mo Steel* at Various Temperatures' 8

Temperature (K) Specific Heat (1/kg . k)

30040060)8001000

442492575688969

* Data do not exist for 2-1/4Cr-lMo Steel.

Table 2-40Chemical Composition of Alloy 400 (Weight %)24,25

NiCU

CoFeMnCSiS

63.00 (min)28.00 - 34.003.00 (max)2.50 (max)0.20 (max)0.30 (max)0.50 (max)0.024 (max)

41

Table 2-41Room-Tenmperature Tensile Properties Requirements of Annealed Alloy 400 Plate2 3

Tensile Strength, ksiYield Strength, kElongation, % in 2"Rockwell Hardness:

70 - 8528 - 5050 - 35B60 - 76

Table 2-42

Physical Constants of Alloy 400 at Room Temperature2 3

Specific GravityDensity, lb/ in3

Elastic Modulus, psi

Specific Heat, Btu/lb.OF

Coefficient of Themial Expansion,0F1 IThermal Conductivity, Biu.in/hr.ft2 .OFElectrical Resistivity, pQ .mEmissivity

8.83

0.319

26 x 106 (In Tension)

0.102

7.7 x 10-6

1510.510NA (Not Available)

Table 2-43

High Temperature Tensile Properties of Hot-Rolled Alloy 40023

Temperature(OF) Tensile Strength(ksi) yield Strength(ksi) Elongation % Elastic Modulus(psi x 106)

75 79 30 48 26.8600 75 21.50 50 25.6800 63.5 21 50 24.81000 45.5 20 26 23.71200 26.5 14.5 36 22.61400 17.5 I 1 44 21.31600 9 6.50 52 18.31800 5 2.50 60

42

Table 2-44

Thermal Properties of Alloy 40024

Temperature Mean Linear Expansion

(OF) (I 0-6 .OF- I)

Thermal Conductivity

(Btu.infhr.ft2 .OF)

Specific Heat

(Btu/lb.°F)

Electrical Resistivity

(Pf.m)

70200400600800100012001400160018002000

7.78.68.88.99.19.39.69.810.010.3

151167193215238264287311335360

0.1020.1050.1100.114

0.5100.5350.5600.5750.5900.6100.6300.6500.6700.6890.709

Table 2-45

Chemical Composition of C7 1500 (CDA 715) (Weight %)26

NiFeMnZnPbCu

29.00 - 33.000.40- 1.001.00 (max)1.00 (max)0.05 (max)Balance

Table 2-46

Physical Properties of C7 1500 at 68oF2 7 -2 9

Density, lb/in3

Electrical Resistivity, ft•2 .m

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 10-6 OF- I

Specific Heat, Btu/lb.0 F

Thermal Conductivity, Btu /hr. ft.0 FModulus of Elasticity, 1(6 psi (in tension)Emissivity

0.323375

9.0

0.09

17

22NA (Not Available)

43

Table 2-47Typical Ambient-temperature Tensile Properties of Annealed C7 150027

Tensile Strength, ksiYield Strength, ksiElongation (in 2 in.), %Hardness, HRB

: 55: 18: 36: 40

Table 2-48

Thermal Conductivity of Mill-Annealed C71500 at Elevated Temperatures2 7

Temperature (QF)

21239257275293211121292

Thermal Conductivity (Btu/hr ft W2 E)

6.919.722.324.927.830.733.6

'lable 2-49

Tensile Properties of Annealed C7 1500 at Elevated Temperatures2 8

Temperature(OF) Tensile Strength (ksi) Yield Strength (ksi) Elongation %

212302392482572662752

50.448.546.745.945.043.842.1

21.119.718.418.418.417.717.1

45403640424433

44

Table 2-50

Chemical Composition Reqluirenlellts for Borated Type 304 Stainless Steels3 0

Designation Type Carbon Manganese Phosphorous Sultur sirlcon Chromium Nicke Boron EOements

S30460 3048 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.20-0.29 N 0.10 maxS30461 30481 0.06 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.30-0.49 N 0.10 nmxS30462 30482 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 -0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.50-0.74 N 0.10 maxS30463 30463 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.75-0.99 N 0.10 naxS30464 30484 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 1.00-1.24 N 0.10 maxs30465 30485 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 125-1.49 N 0.10 max530466 30486 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 . 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 1.50-1.74 N 0.10 maxS30467 30487 0.08 2.00 0.045 0n30 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 1.75-2.25 N 0.10 max

Maximum. unless range or mk*nun Is kndicated.a Cobalt concentration shaW be ited to 0.2 max. unless a lower concentration Is agreed upon between the purduaser and the suppler.

Table 2-51Mechanical Properties Requirements for Borated Type 304 Stainless Steels30

T Tensle Strngt. min Yield Sength. min Elongation In 2 Hardness. maxDesigNation Type Grade -I. or 50 amuDe~i~fl~tbonl kiu Ma ksl . MPa min. . enn Rockwel B

S30460 3048 A 75 515 30 205 40.0 201 92E 75 515 30 205 40.0 201 92

S30461 30481 A 75 515 30 205 40.0 201 92e . 75 515 30 205 35.0 201 92

530462 30482 A 75 515 30 205. 35.0 201 92B 75 S1S 30 20S 27.0 201 92

S30463 30483 A -75 S15 30 205 31.0 201 925 75 515 30 20S 19.0 201 92

S30464 304S4 A 75 615 30 205 27.0 217 95e 75 515 30 205 16.0 217 95

S3045 30485 A 75 515 30 205 24.0 217 95B 75 515 30 205 13.0 217 95

S30466 30486 A 75 515 30 205 20.0 241 100B 75 515 30 205 9.0 241 100

530467 304B7 A 75 S1S 30 205 17.0 241 100B 75 515 30 205 6.0 241 100

45

Table 2-52Room Temperatilre Mechanical Properties of Borated Type 304 Stainless Steels

(Annealed Materials Tested in the Transverse Direction) 3 1

Type Grade2 BoronContent

(2)

.2% YieldStrength

(ksi)

UltimateStrength(ksi)

Elongation

(Z)Reduction

(Z)RockwellHardness(HRB)

304 <0. 01 28.3 75.3 71.6 81.7 66

304B1

304B2

304B3

304B4

304B5

304B6

304B7

AB

AB

AB

AB

AB

AB

A-B

0.30/0.49

0.50/0.74

0.75/0.99

1.00/1.24

1.25/1.49

1.50/1.74

1.75/2.25

34.735.0

37.939.1

40.541.2

42.042.4

47.645.2

48.346.8

51.350.1

90.187.5

93.790.0

98.593.2

103.094. 2

107.192.9

110.293. 5

115. 995.7

43.940.4

39.132.9

36.324.3

31.721.4

28.317.2

23.713. 1

21.111.9

64.351.9

8382

59.741.0

8583

56.332.6

8688

51.820.6

9190

45.116.7

9392

36.515.4

9595

31.215.2

9796

(1) All values are the average of four tests.(2) Carpenter NeutroSorb PLUS is Type A. Carpenter Neutrosorb is Type B.

46

Table 2-53Mechanical Propertics ofBorated Type 304 Stainless Steels at 3500C

(Mate;'als Tested iii tihe Transverse Direction) 31

Type Grade" BoronContent

("

.2t YieldStrength

(ksi)

UltimateStrength

(ksi)

Elongation Reduction(t)

304 <0. 01 22.0 56.5 40.4 76.4

304B1

304B2

304B3

304B4

304B5

304B6

304B7

AB

AB

AB

AB

AB

AB

AB

0.30/0.49

0.50/0.74

0.75/0.99

1.00/1.24

1.25/1.49

1.50/1.74

1.75/2.25

32.830.3

35.134.6

37.936.4

41.338.1

45.938.6

49.940.8

46.346.5

68.067.6

70.471.2

77.878.7

83.678.3

.88. 380.9

90.980.5

101.183.2

29.327.8

59.949.2

27.421.6

55.440.21

25.719.4

51.326.3

24.116.1

43.924.0

21.514.2

42.222.7

17.812.1

31.318.6

15.211.2

21.815.8

(1) All values are the average of four tests.(2) Carpenter NeutroSorb PLUS is Type A. Carpenter NeutroSorb is Type 8.

47

Table 2-54

Chemical Composition of Alboron (Weight %)32

B: 0.00 - 5.00Cu: 0.12 (max)Al: Balance

Table 2-55Physical Constants and Thermal Properties of Alboron

at Different Temperatures3 2

Temperature, OC 23.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0OF 73.4 122.0 212.0 302.0 393.0

Density, g/cm3 2.693 2.693 2.693 2.693 2.693Specific Heat, J/g.k 0.868 0.903 0.946 0.976 0.998Diffusivity, cm2 . sec 1 0.781 10.779 0.790 0.762 0.758

Conductivity, Btu.in/hr.ft 2 .OF 1265.78 1318.50 1381.29 1406.87 1412.49Emissivity NA (Not Available)

Table 2-56

Chemical Composition of a Standard Plate of Boral (Weight %)33

Al : 69.00B 24.00C : 6.00Fe : 0.50 (max)Si: 0.10 (max)Ti: 0.10 (max)Cu 0.10 (max)Zn: 0.10 (max)

48

Table 2-57

Typical Engineering Properties of Boral33

Modulus of Elasticity, E (Msi) ASTM E-8Tensile Strength, Sy (ksi) ASTM E-8, E-21Elongation in 2 inch Coupon. % ASTM E-8

:9.00:10.00:0.10

Table 2-58

Physical Properties of Boral33

Specific Heat, W-s/gm-K :0.919 at 380C: 0.936 at 260 0C

Thermnal Conducivity, W/cm-K

Thermal Emissivity

: 1.24 at 38 0C: 1.32 at 2600C

:0.10 - 0.19

Coefficient of Thernal Expansion, in/in-C: 1.97 x 105

Table 2-59Chemical Composition of 6063 Aluminum Alloy (Weight %)29.34

MnSiCrFeCuMgZnTiOtherAl

0.10 (max)0.20 - 0.600.10 (max)0.35 (max)0.10 (max)0.45 - 0.900.10 (max)0.10 (max)0.15 (max)Balance

49

Table 2-60

Physical Properties of Alloy 6063-T6 at 68OF2 9 ,35

Density, g/cm3

Poisson's RatioElastic Modulus (tension), GPaSpecific Heat, J/kg .KThermal Conductivity, W/m. KElectrical Resistivity, nQ .mElectrical Conductivity (equal volume)% JACSCoefficient of Thermal Expansion,

pin/in .OFEmissivity

: 2.69: 0.33: 68.3: 900: 201: 33

: 53

: 12.1: NA (Not Available)

Table 2-61Tensile Properties of Alloy 6063-46 at Various Temperatures3 5

Temperature (OF)

7521230040()500600700

Tensile Strength (ksi)

35312194.53.32.3

Yield Strength (ksi)

3128206.53.52.52.0

Elongation, %

181520407580105

Table 2-62

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Alloy 6063 at Various Temperatures 29

Temperature Range (0 F)

68 - 21268 - 39268 - 572

Average Coefficient (pin/in .OF)

13.013.614.2

50

TeLchnical InIbinalion Depailini LawvrencC Livermore National Laboratoryt Jitiversiv o1 C'aliloniua Livcrmore. C(alilloiriau 94551

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