Engine Dynamometer Testing of a Non-Road,Tier III Diesel Operated on

Soy and Animal Based Biodiesel1.1.1.1., Harlan, Robert Ianni, Tullie Flower, Don ChernichMark Burnitzki

1.1.1.1., James, Michael Veridiano, Wayne Sobieralski, Roelof RiemersmaQuan

2.2.2.2., Tom, Marcie Pullman, Robert Okamoto, Alexander MitchellGuthrie

Durbin3.

1. California Air Resources Board, Mobile Source Operations Division-Stockton Laboratory,2769 Teepee Drive, Stockton, CA. 95205

2. California Air Resources Board, Stationary Source Division,1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA. 95814

3.University of California Riverside, CE-CERT,1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507

December 2010

Sacramento, California

Engine Dynamometer Testing of a Non-Road, Tier III Diesel Operated on

Soy and Animal Based Biodiesel 1. 1. 1. 1.

Mark Burnitzki , Don Chernich , Tullie Flower , Robert Ianni , Harlan 1. 1. 1. 1.

Quan , Roelof Riemersma , Wayne Sobieralski , Michael Veridiano , James 2. 2. 2. 2.

Guthrie , Alexander Mitchell , Robert Okamoto , Marcie Pullman , Tom Durbin

3.

1. California Air Resources Board, Mobile Source Operations Division-Stockton Laboratory, 2769 Teepee Drive, Stockton, CA. 95205

2. California Air Resources Board, Stationary Source Division, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA. 95814

3.University of California Riverside, CE-CERT, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507

December 2010

Sacramento, California 1

Introduction

• Engine dynamometer evaluation of Soy andAnimal based biodiesel vs CARB diesel. Testfuels were: CARB Diesel, S20, 50, S100, A5,A20, and A100

• ISO 8178-C1, 8-mode, engine dynamometertest protocol was followed

• Test project is in support of ARB’s BiodieselMulti-Media Evaluation

Introduction

• Engine dynamometer evaluation of Soy and Animal based biodiesel vs CARB diesel. Test fuels were: CARB Diesel, S20, 50, S100, A5, A20, and A100

• ISO 8178-C1, 8-mode, engine dynamometer test protocol was followed

• Test project is in support of ARB’s Biodiesel Multi-Media Evaluation

2

Fuel Test Sequence

Typical week of testing:•Two, 8-mode tests per day with a fuel change•Six replicates per fuel•Seven fuels (CARB-D, S20, S50, S100, A5, A50, A100)

Fuel Test Sequence

Typical week of testing: •Two, 8-mode tests per day with a fuel change •Six replicates per fuel •Seven fuels (CARB-D, S20, S50, S100, A5, A50, A100)

CARB -1 (AM) Soy 20 – 1 (AM) Soy 50 – 1 (AM) Soy 100 – 1 (AM)

Fuel Change Fuel Change Fuel Change Fuel Change

Soy 20 – 1 (PM) Soy 50 – 1 (PM) Soy 100 – 1 (PM) CARB -1 (PM)

3

E™ 4.5 L Engine

Model: 4045HF285 JD Electronic Control

115 hp@2400 rpm 86 kW @ 2400 rpm

Test Engine: 2009 John Deere4045HF285

Test Engine: 2009 John Deere 4045HF285

4

Engine Torque (lb-ft) vs Engine RPM

II 111

5

ISO 8178, Type C1, 8-Mode TestISO 8178, Type C1, 8-Mode Test

Mode Engine Speed

Engine Torque

Weighting Factor

1 Rated 100% 15%

2 Rated 75% 15%

3 Rated 50% 15%

4 Rated 10% 15%

5 Peak Torque

100% 10%

6 Peak Torque

75% 10%

7 Peak Torque

50% 10%

8 Idle 0% 15%

Soy Based Biodiesel Test ResultsSoy Based Biodiesel Test Results

Soy Fuel NOx (g/bhphr) PM(g/bhphr) CO (g/bhphr) THC(g/bhphr) CO2(g/bhphr)

Ave. CARB 2.74 0.11 1.21 0.17 643.2

S20 2.82 0.08 1.17 0.16 650.7

S50 2.95 0.07 1.07 0.15 648.9

S100 3.12 0.05 0.91 0.12 656.7

COV CARB 1.8%

1.3%

16.4%

14.8%

3.0%

4.6%

13.5%

10.0%

0.9%

1.0%S20

S50 2.0% 22.4% 4.6% 7.4% 0.1%

S100 2.0% 19.7% 1.8% 5.5% 0.5%

% Diff. S20 2.8% -23.6% -3.7% -5.2% 0.7%

S50 7.5% -31.7% -11.8% -12.3% 0.9%

S100 13.8% -55.9% -25.1% -27.5% 2.1%

6

Animal Based Biodiesel Test ResultsAnimal Based Biodiesel Test Results

Animal Fuel NOx (g/bhphr) PM(g/bhphr) CO (g/bhphr) THC(g/bhphr) CO2(g/bhphr)

Ave. CARB 2.67 0.11 1.24 0.15 649.4

A5 2.64 0.10 1.23 0.14 652.5

A20 2.68 0.09 1.16 0.13 656.6

A100 2.87 0.05 0.88 0.08 657.4

COV CARB 1.41%

2.18%

7.02%

6.33%

4.82%

4.27%

18.66%

11.75%

1.13%

1.32%A5

A20 2.39% 9.59% 3.15% 7.27% 1.01%

A100 2.32% 9.74% 2.57% 5.27% 0.96%

% Diff. A5 -1.0% -5.6% -1.3% -7.9% 0.5%

A20 0.7% -21.8% -7.0% -13.6% 1.1%

A100 7.6% -55.4% -29.5% -47.1% 1.2%

7

3.30 -... ,.Ir 3.20

C. .c: 3.10 .c ~3.00

NOx (g/bhp-hr)

;--¼-t---

r+-t---

t---

_r_ t---

~ 2.90 ca::: 2.80

§ 2.70

-~ 2.60

_-+- l t---

- t---

~ 2.S0 2.40

- t---

-... .c: I

C. .c: .c -~

C1)

16 et:: C: 0 'iii t/1 .E w

CARB S20 SS0 S100 Fuel and Blend Level

□GARB □ S20 □ S50 □S100

PM (g/bhp-hr)

0.14 --,------------------~ 0.12 -+----+--------------------1

0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02

0 +----'--.....___---.-~~__,_-..--......._-..__--,-__ __._----l

CARB S20 SS0 S100

Fuel and Blend Level

oCARB OS20 OS50 Os100

NOx (g/bhp-hr)

3.00 ~ -----------------~

-c- 2.90 +----------------------; .c: c. 2.80 +-------------------1 .c: ,e 2.70 +-----,'-------,--------,===1=-----1 Cl -; 2.60 16 et:: 2.S0 C: .2 2.40 +--~-~----,-_.....____..__--,-~~----,--~-~----1 t/1 t/1 .E w

0.14

....Q.12 ... -Ir 0.1 C. :8).08

~ .06

.;,.o4 ~ .02 0 'iii 0 t/1 .E w

CARB AS A20 Fuel and Blend Level

DCARB DA5 DA20 DA100

PM (g/bhp-hr)

t---r+-__I__

.L

t--- -+-t---

t---

t---

CARB AS A20 Fuel and Blend Level

oCARB oA5 oA20 OA100

A100

-+- t---

t---

A100

Results (NOx and PM)Results (NOx and PM)

8

Soy Based Animal BasedSoy Based Animal Based

-... 1.4

11 .2

:s 1 --Cl "; 0.8 16 et:: 0.6 C:

-~ 0.4

"' ·E 0.2 w

0

-...

-

-

-

-

-

0.2

.c: 0.15 I

a. .c: .c 0.1 --E.!

Cl,) 0.05 -('II

et:: C: 0 0 'iii "' .E w

T -

CARB

□ GARB

CARB

CO (g/bhp-hr)

----r- -+- ,........_

S20 S50 S100 Fuel and Blend Level

□ S20 □ S50 □ S100

THC (g/bhp-hr)

S20 S50 S100

Fuel and Blend Level

oGARB Os20 OS50 Os100

t---

t---

t---

t---

1.4 -... 1 1.2 --+-:s 1 ci "; 0.8 16 et:: 0.6 C: .2 0.4 "' "' ·E 0.2 w

0

-

-

-

-

-

CARB

0.2

-.c 0.15 - ~ I

a. .c: .c 0.1 --E.!

~

Cl,) - 0.05 ('II et::

>---

C: 0 0 'iii "' .E CARB

w

.I .I. r--r-

r+--

-

-

-

AS A20 A100 Fuel and Blend Level

□ GARB □A5 □A20 □A100

THC (g/bhp-hr)

T

l -+-r+-

-

AS A20 A100 Fuel and Blend Level

□GARB □A5 □A20 □A100

Results (CO and THC)Results (CO and THC)

9

Soy Based Animal BasedSoy Based Animal Based

Conclusions• NOx increases were observed for both the Soy and

Animal based fuels; however, the Animal basedincreases were smaller in magnitude than the Soybased fuel (7.6% vs 13.8% for A100 & S100,

1respectively).

• Significant PM emission reductions (~55%) wereobserved for both the S100 and A100 test fuels.

• Reductions in CO and THC were observed with allbiodiesel fuel blends.

• Long term effects of various fuels were not evaluatedin this study.

Conclusions

• NOx increases were observed for both the Soy and Animal based fuels; however, the Animal based increases were smaller in magnitude than the Soy based fuel (7.6% vs 13.8% for A100 & S100, respectively). 1

• Significant PM emission reductions (~55%) were observed for both the S100 and A100 test fuels.

• Reductions in CO and THC were observed with all biodiesel fuel blends.

• Long term effects of various fuels were not evaluated in this study.

10

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to the staff at the Stockton lab fortheir hard work and dedication.

1

Other entities that supported this project:•John Deere•Western Power Products, Inc.•UC Davis

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to the staff at the Stockton lab for their hard work and dedication.

1

Other entities that supported this project: •John Deere •Western Power Products, Inc. •UC Davis

11