I —

f^

OABpew^'''

AN

ENG.-HmD. VOCABULARYOF 3000 WORDS

FOR HIGHER STANDARD AND PROFICIENCY CANDIDATES

OR

"THE RIGHT WORD IN THE RIGHT PLACE/'

BY

LiEUT.-CoLONEL D. C. PHILLOTT, F.A.S.B.,

Secretary and Member, Board of Examiners ; Fellow of the Calcutta

University; Author of Hindustani ManvM, Hindustani

Stumbling-Blocks , etc., etc.

CALCUTTA:

PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS.

1911.

All rights reserved.

CARPENTIRI^

pl<-

?S

\1

TO

THE 40TH (SECOND SOMERSETSHIRE) REGIMENT,

NOW THE 2ND BATTALION SOUTH LANCASHIRE

REGIMENT, THIS LITTLE BOOK

IS AFFECTIONATELY

DEDICATED.

M191397

PREFACE

In this little vocabulary, 5184 English words are represented by less

than 3000 Hindustani colloquial ones. With the exception of one or two

useful technical terms, the list contains only the common words of the

everyday speech of the illiterate.

These words have not been merely selected from the dictionaries.

Each word has been subjected to many tests;and an attempt, which

it is hoped will be considered successful, has been made to give the exact

meaning or apphcation of each word, and to show how its common

synonyms differ in their shades of meaning. It is beheved that a careful

study of this vocabulary will materially help the student to use the right

word in the right place.

Considerations of expense required the employment of the Romancharacter alone. This, however, should prove no stumbling-block.

My thanks are due to Shams-ul-'Ulama*Mawlavi Muhammad Yiisuf

Ja'fari, Khan Bahadur, for continuous help in the preparation of the

vocabulary, and also to Muhammad Kazim Shirazi who assisted in the

correction of the proofs.

D. C. P.

Calcutta :

August, 1911,

INTRODUCTION.

The English language is certainly the most neglected and the most

carelessly spoken and written language in Europe,

If candidates for the Lower Standard and Higher Standard in Hindu-

stani knew English better, failures in the exercise (i.e. the translation from

EngHsh into Hindustani) would be -proportionately less. The following

remarks may at first appear to deal only with the English language, but

they appty in reality to all languages ;and most examinees, and not a few

of their teachers, will benefit by a careful study of them^

Nearly every word acquires many secondary meanings in addition to

its primary meaning.'

Charge'

is derived from a Latin word meaning a

car, and to its primary meaning of, to burden (connected also with carry,

cargo, and caricature), it adds secondary meanings of, to fill; to occupy;

impute or register as a debt;to fix the price of

;to accuse ; to intrust

;

to commission;to command

;to exhort

;to give directions to (a jury) ;

to make an onset. ' Entertain' means to support ;

to receive into the

home and treat with hospitality ;to engage the attention of agreeably, to

amuse;to take into consideration

;to maintain in the mind with favour ;

to harbour; to cherish (sentiments); to accept (a petition) ;to listen (to

a suit).'

Apprehend' means to arrest a person ;

to take hold of by the

mind, to understand;to entertain suspicion or fear of

;to conceive ;

to

believe or be of opinion, etc. Comedy is derived from komos a banquet

(at which the guests lay down) and odos a song ;and comedy signified at

first songs sung at banquets : comedy and cemetery have really the same

root.^

The meanings of words change because the hfe of the people changes.

Great inventions, great industrial improvements, cause great changes in

language. Great social and political events do the same : the French

Revolution had a direct influence on language. The superficially educated,

too, not only alter the forms of words, but also adapt them to homely

meanings.'

Policy'

once meant only the art of ruling men : to-day every

small tradesman speaks of his policy in business. Imagination and meta-

phor (a Greek word meaning transportation) play an important part in

the development, and consequently in the change of meaning, in words:

in fact language develops chiefly by the metaphorical process, i.e., by

1 Vide Abbott's "English Lessons," etc., etc.

VIU INTRODUCTION.

applying to one thing a word that strictly belongs to another;words first

applied to material things are transported to things that are not material

at all. The epithets*

polished'

or '

brilliant'

applied to the style of a

writer are to-day hardly regarded as metaphorical. Even the commonest

and now everyday words have undergone this metaphorical change.

Coimected with this metaphorical process in the growth of language is the

use of'

slang.*

Indians are proverbially litigious. It would be difficult to find a

villager who owned even half an acre of land, who had not, ai some time

or other, been engaged in a law-suit. There is on record a case where

one villager sued another for driving off his cattle, and produced a horde

of witnesses. The defendant admitted the charge, but urged that the

cattle were feeding on his crops : he produced an even greater number of

witnesses. At length it was discovered that the plaintiff owned no cattle

and the defendant no crops. Litigation has had its effect on the language,and even the most illiterate will use glib corruptions of high-sounding law-

terms. Words like tarafayn (Arabic dual)" the two parties

"and farlq-i

san% " the other party," etc., etc., are used by even the most vulgar, as

also the Arabic broken plurals fiiqard*, umard^, mandfi'' and some others.

Now from what has been said previously, it is obvious that the

changes in meaning of a word in one language, will not exactly correspond

with the changes in meaning in another. Consequently it is impossible to

render exactly any one word in a language, by any one word in another.

Before a word can be translated, its exact meaning or apphcation in the

context must be grasped. Strange to say, candidates oftener make mis-

takes in common nouns than in verbs. ' Peace' means tranquillity of

mind as well as a cessation of hostihties, and it is in the former meaningthat the word is used in the Muslim salutation As-saldm"'alay-kum (Arabic)*' the Peace be on you." That candidates should have translated this byturn par sulh ho ^ f^*^ji (' may be understandable, but what was sur-

prising was that a Muhammadan munshi could have been found bold

enough to maintain that because in the dictionary mlh was the first word

given under '

Peace,' therefore the translation just given was a right

one. At any rate the case of a candidate who translated * '

Sepoy Ram

Singh was no match for him "by Sipdhl Rdm Singh us ki diwd-sald,t na

thd must be considered hopeless ;he should be awarded an old-age pension.

A teacher assumes that his pupil has some education and some intelligence.

In," He looked up to Heaven and said— ," the word ' lieaven

' must be

rendered by dstnan, sky, and not by bihisht, which means Paradise. The

1 Pronounced by the vulgar mahafa\ Muluk, mala*ik and a few more are in

coHimon colloquial use amongst the educated.

INTRODUCTION. IX

criticism that the sentence "Examine them singly" un se ek ek karke

puchho is misleading, because a pupil used this phrase for the examination

of saddles, is, if one might say so, hypercritical. Puchhnd means to ask,

enquire, and it ought to be evident, even to a beginner, that this verb

cannot be applied to saddles or horses.

Speaking exactly, languages that have developed have no exact

synonyms ;but in the unsteady languages of the lowest tribes, whose

whole vocabulary may perhaps change during a single man's lifetime, this

is not the case.

Even when two words are identical in meaning, there is, in language,

a constant tendency to differentiate their meanings. Occasionally the

difference in use is one of construction only, as commence and begin, or end

and finish.

Shakl, sural, and munh may all mean and be translated'

visage'

or*face*' but the first properly means form, the second appearance, and the

third face. It is correct to say munh dho-lo, but not shakl or surat dho-lo.

A certain Hindustani translation was returned by a military officer

with the criticism that the word '

ignorance'

should not have been rendered

by Id-'ilmi ^*^c^, the word being high-flown and unintelligible to sepoys,

but by the commoner word nd-ddnt ^>tilj. It was stated that the opinions

of experienced officers had' been taken. Now this objection alone proves

the danger of trusting blindly to a dictionary. The English word '

igno-

rance' must be rendered by at least three Hindustani words according to

its meaning. Nd-ddnl <« L^IJ means ignorance as opposed to ' wisdom '

;

jahalat ^\=^ means ignorance as opposed to '

enlightenment'

;while Id-'ilml

^>*il)means ignorance of . a matter, being uninformed or unacquainted

with an occurrence. Be-khabari ^j^ ^^^.has also, incorrectly, the same

meaning as Id-Hlml, but properly it means "unguardedness or careless-

ness." All four words are intelligible to uneducated Muslims and ev^ii

to most Hindu chaprasis. In the translation in question nd-ddnl would

have been a grave error.

Illiterate Indians have a far wider vocabulary than is generally

supposed.

Eozy,) Pers. means a day, i.e. a space of 24 hours. Din ^^ Hindi

means either a space of 24 hours, or else the hours of daylight, and

hence metaphorically sun. Therefore din ke waqt d,o must be said and not

roz ke waqt d,o.

Mistakes are commonly made in translating the verb ' ask.' MdngndUl)U is to 'ask for

''

; while puchhnd ^J^^^ is to "enquire." To ask for

pardon must therefore be expressed by —mdngnd and not —puchhnd.' ' He

asked his master ' '

is —se 'arz kl (or—darkhipdst kl). For,

' '

ask my friend

to do this," kahnd must be used.

X INTRODUCTION.

A pitfall for interpreters at Courts Martial is the word **repeat."

Bat duhrdna means to repeat the same thing a second time, or to

repeat a thing to a third person. ''Repeat after me" should be

rendered by jo main kahtd jd,uh turn bhl duhrate-jd,o (or kdhte-jd,o)

(^^^ or ) ^U. Lt^^ ^^i ^ o!j'^ l^V e^-J^ >^- ^^ "^t say hamdre plchhe

bolo, nor hamdre plchhe duhrd,o.

Not only do Muslims and Hindus often use different words for the

same common concrete object as for instance '

key,'' but often there is a

slight difference implied in the meaning, thus nadt in Hindi is the equiva-

lent of daryd in Persian;but in Urdu nadi always means a stream or a

5ma// river : chift-mdr "a bird-catcher" means a Hindu bird-catcher

while mtr-shikdr always means a Muslim one.

Occasionally the infinitive of a verb has to supply the place of a

missing noun; thus fath ^'^>

means '

capture'

as well as '

victory' and

can be used for the capture of a town;but for the capture of, say

elephants, the infinitive phasdnd liU^j must be substituted.

Of some words in this vocabulary it will be found that the root at

least is already known, thus from the Persian khdna «!wLk "house" (in

Urdu chiefly used in compounds) is formed the adjective and substantive

khunagi ^J^^ meaning "domestic" and also a "low prostitute"; and

from the Hindi gr^ar^^s^ "house" is formed the adjective gharelu ^jj$"domestic" (of animals only).

It will be found that many of the Hindustani equivalents of seemingly

difficult English words are already known, as for*

disclaim,' da'wq se

hdth uthdnd ^^1 a^^U <^ li^y^.

Sometimes the simple word only is given,' as for circumlocution, pher

ki hat oIj L»^^i4J, the proper word tor circumlocution being too literary.

So too with *

Imprudent'

; age kd soch nahm (^^ ;J ^ >-» ^ <ff is given

instead of the better but high-flown nd-'dqibat-andesh ^rJ^^Jt o^Ut.Do not be contented with looking up a word and accepting the first

equivalent without understanding exactly its meaning. For instance

drdm-talab ^Jlb^ijf and '

aysh-pasand ^-o Ji*^o may both mean " luxuri-

ous," but the former means "loving-ease

" and the latter "loving-

pleasure." Again, though pdyddr ;iJ^b and der-pd b^Ji both mean'

lasting,* there is a great difference;for the former applied to things

means "permanent"

(i.e. lasting for many years as buildings, etc.), while

the latter means "lasting for some little time "

(as cloth, shoes, etc.).

Much unnecessary labour will be saved if the chapter on intensive

compound verbs in my " Hindustani Manual "(p. 80) is mastered, as

I Hindus say chabl, H., while Muslims usually use kunji, H. Kalld Pers. is, in

Urdu, used only metaphorically.

INTRODUCTION. XI

may be seen by studying the words for "abolish" [utha-dend Iv^ l^jf ,

and "postpone

"{uthd-rakhna U^j U5f ).

Hindustani is a dramatic language ;therefore use dramatic tenses

and dramatic compounds whenever you can. Not to do so, is to be

unidiomatic.

Let me again remind candidates that translating is expressing the

thought and idiom of one language in the thought and idiom of another.

To ' cast pearls before swine'

is in Hindustani ' to play a lute before a

buffalo.' '

Some '

practical men ' who style those that disagree with them

purists and pedants, have suggested, that as sepoys use vulgar and

incorrect forms, these incorrect forms only should be inserted in a

vocabulary for military officers. Let me here point out to these critics,

that if a word has more than one form, it is as well to learn the

correct form;there is generally only one correct form, while the corrupt

forms vary with the district. I should, too, like to ask these critics

whether, if they were compiling an elementary English Vocabulary for

the use of foreign officers attached to a British Regiment, they would

insert such forms as 'ot and acrost instead of hot and across. It is not

for a moment insinuated that vulgar or archaic forms are uninteresting

or valueless, but it is maintained that they are out of place in a beginner's

vocabulary.

A staff officer much interested in Hindustani suggested that a collo-

quial dictionary should be compiled in which each English word should

be rendered by one Hindustani word and one only, and that too some

word understood from Cape Comorin to Peshawar. I think I have given

sufficient examples to show why any one word in a language can seldom

be correctly rendered by any one word in another;but I leave it to the

propagandists of Esperanto to reply to the second part of the suggestion.

I was once requested by a staff officer to translate a pamphletinto Hindustani ; and, that it might be intelligible to sepoys, I was

directed to use no Persian or Arabic words. Now the commonest words

are often Arabic or Persian. Kitdb a book is Arabic and is used by

Muslims and Hindus ahke, while the Hindi pothl amongst Hindus

means ' book '

but amongst Muslims the Hindu scriptures : the San*

skrit pustak is unintelligible to Muslims. The Persian mard and the

Arabic ac^m* ^ are commoner than the Sanskrit manush or the Kindi manus.

The Arabic word 'aurat,^ which in Urdu means 'woman,' is certainly

1 Bhains ke age bin hajana.^ i.e. derived from the Arabic Adam the first man.S The Arabic root signifies

* to be blind'

; \hence in Arabic 'awrat signifies those

parts which it is abominable to expose, the pudenda.

Xll INTRODU( rr<»\

commoner than the Sanskrit istri. The omitting from Hindustani of all

Arabic and Persian words, may be compared to the omitting from English

of all words of Latin and Greek origin.

Every sense has a memory. As many senses as possible should be

brought to bear on the learning of a word or phrase. When tho sound of

a word has been learnt by the ear and has been practised by the tongue,

it should further be committed to memory by noting its appearance in

print and in writing. Ear, tongue, eye, hand, and " the memory niside

your tummy"

are thus all exercised. Even the senses of taste and smell

can be pressed into this service. You are not likely to forget that htng'

means asafoetida, if you taste and smell the substance when first learning

its name. This is, of course, an extension only, of thp '

direct method.'

When looking out a word, the student must not take the first equi-

valent he meets: he should not only read tlirough all the equivalents

given for one English word, but also all those given under EngHsh words

from the same root. He should, further, refer to any reference that maybe given to another word.

The system of transliteration employed is the Hunterian.^ To

tiansliterate correctly, it must be borne in mind that every letter in the

Persian and Arabic alphabets is a consonant and that the weak consonants

alif, ivdw, and ya become vowels only when they are letters of prolonga-

tion, i.e. only when the letter preceding them is pointed with a short

analogous vowel. There are properly speaking no diphthongs, except in

Hindi. ^ The word maulavl for instance should be transhterated rrmwlavi *

and 'aib should be transliterated 'ayh. Candidates generally misunder-

stand the consonant '

ayn ( p ) : they think it is a vowel and to be trans-

hterated by 'a. This is a very great error. The sign for e is an inverted

comma only. Note the way the word »-i-jUr is transliterated. First the

consonant & is represented by an inverted comma; then the kasra or zer

by i\ then the ^hy n; then the jathah or zahar over the nun by a;and

then, as the alif prolongs this sound of a, a long accent is added over it,

thus a;next the alif (here a vowel) is

'

silent,' i.e. it is not followed by a

short vowel; next the consonant <^ is represented by y\ the faihah over

1 H\ng f}a,i magar ics kl bu na ga,l is a proverb.5 It sliould be n;>ted that the final a of Hindi masculine nouns often becomes

in Urdu a, thus raja becomes raja.

'^ Thus it is better to transliterate % by hai than by h'ly, which latter is not

the correct pronunciation, than by the Urdu j^*. To get over a difficulty the

word is usually written ^ , which however should be pronounced he. Hence in

some modern Urdu books half a l5" is adopted to express the (final) ai diphthong of

the Hindi.* In Hindi, however, it is correct to write au.

INTRODUCTION. xHi

the ishy a; and the ^ by t : Hnayat. Similarly with ^^^, hi: first comes h;

then short i (the kasra), which is then prolonged into i by the ?/. A^/

also prolongs the sound of _£__, thus y tu. The o ' sound is peculiar to

Hindi (or old Persian) as in y to. This o is a Hindi sound and has no

corresponding letter in the Arabic alphabet. A ^ not preceded by anyshort vowel has been adopted for the sound. A similar rule holds goodwith regard to the e sound of ^.

Hamza is generally represented by a comma on the line. It is not

a bad plan to give its Arabic form in the Romanized word, thus ja^ida. If

a whole tome has been written on the Greek particle de, several tomes could

be written on the Arabic hamza. In Arabic, the sign hamza (but not the

•sound) is an additional letter of the alphabet. In Urdu it may be

regarded simply as a hyphen, to be used when one syllable ends in what

we consider a vowel, and tlie next begins with one. Thus i^*" became "

is huwa, but I*>a (the Punjabi form) is hu,a. There is no hamza in Hindi.

The greater number of words in Hisdustani are masculine

Most Hindi concrete nouns in a are masculine, as kutta "dog," Bdjd

(or Raja).

Most Arabic and Persian nouns of three letters, and ending in a, are

feminine, as hawd Ar.( [>* )

"wind," sazd Pers. (fj^)

'*punishment."

Hindi diminutives in yd are feminine, as chiryd, any" small bird,"

dihyd' ' a small box.

' '

Most Hindi abstract nouns in d are feminine, as pujd" Hindu wor-

ship," dayd "kindness." (No feminine word in d, whether Arabic,

Persian, or Hindi, is inflected in the oblique cases singular).

All nouns ending in pan are masculine.

Nouns ending in silent i (a) are usually masculine, as shuhra{tj^^)

' ' fame.' ' Such words as malika ' '

queen' ' and sdhiba are of course femi-

nine. This final », silent in Urdu and Persian but not silent in Arabic, is in

Arabic a feminine termination, and before a vowel is in Arabic pronounced

t : hence in Urdu it is often changed into e», and in this case the word is

feminine in Urdu, as shuhrat f." fame "

(identical with shuhra m.). Tauha

repentance, sura " a chapter of the Quran," and fdtiha are feminine.

Most nouns ending in ?, in t not a radical letter'' (Arabic), or in t

preceded by a short vowel, are feminine, as roil f.^ "

bread," daulal f.

"wealth, fortune ;

the state,''

hat i."obstinacy."

1 The o and e sounds were called " unknown "by the Arabs when they con-

quered Persia as these vowel sounds are not found amongst the Arabs. They are

also not found in modern Persian though retained in Indian and Afghan Persian.2 In maut m. Ax., the t is radical.S Some exceptions are panl m. *' water ' '

; motl m. "pearl

' '

; dahi m. * ' curds' '

;

(jhl m.; /i

"life, soul." Svich nouns as dhohi " washerman " are of course masculine.

XIV INTRODUCTION.

Nouns ending in t preceded by a long alif are generally masculine, as

hat m. market place (for weekly or bi-weekly market).

Most Hindi Verbal nouns obtained by dropping the infinitive termina-

tion are feminine, as mar f.*'

beating." Hence Persian verbals are all

feminine, as zad '*

beating."

Hindi verbals in o and w are masculine, as chaThd,o m. "ascent,"

chalan m, '*

gait, character."

Most nouns, abstract or concrete, in d,o are masculine, as ghdfi, pild,o,

cUd,o'' bon-fire," etc. ; but wa,o*'

ship'*

is feminine and chd,o** affection."

Persian ver?)a/5 in sh are feminine, as ddnish "wisdom," koahish

•• endeavour."

The gender of an Arabic, Persian, or English word is, in Hindustani,

often determined by the gender of the Hindi Synonym : fahm Ar. is

feminine on account of the Hindi sarnajh ;chashm Pers. is feminine on

account of the Hindi dnkh;and la,in Eng. is feminine on account of

lakir. This rule does not generally apply if the word has a masculine

form. Kamdn " command "is feminine because kamdn "bow ' '

is.^

Arabic words of the form or measure Jj^>^ are feminine, as to' Z*m

(^JUj)**

teaching, instruction," but «^ij^*3 an amulet is masculine.

Arabic words in Hindustani of other forms or measures are mascuUne

or feminine according to their measure, but their gender in Urdu has no

connection with their gender in Arabic. Detailed rules will be found in

the grammars.

Many words fall under no rule. Some few words vary in gender

according to their meaning, so that the gender alone indicates *heir mean-

ing.

Many words are of common gender as dushman, dost, madad-gdr

etc.

The following Persian verbals are common in compounds used in

colloquial : sdz'' making" from the Persian verb '* to make," Sbsghan-sdz

' * watchmaker.' '

Bdz "playing" as batte-bdz "a Juggler" (ht. player with small

round boxes).

Khivdr or khor "eating,

"as Nash^a-khwdr *' one that takes intoxi-

cants' '

;haldl-khor a euphemism for a Muslim sweeper.

Ddr "holding, having," as zarmn-ddr "landowner or land-holder"

;

par-ddr "winged."Bar-ddr "

carrying,"

as huqqa-harddr*

pipe-bearer"

(a servant who

prepares the huqqa and carries it on a journey, etc.).

1 It is not clear why botal, Eng.,*' bottle

' '

is feminine.2 Arabic words of five letters, the first being «, and the last but one y, are of this

form, and the remaining three letters are the root of the word.

INTRODUCTION. XV

Band "fastening, tying, etc.," as na'l-band *' a shoeing-smith"

;

izdr-band " trouser-band."

Parwar ''cherishing," as ghanh-parwar" cherisher of the poor."

Bakhsh * '

giving,''

as Khuda-hakhsh.

Go "saying," a& ziydda-go*' a babbler, one that babbles too much."

Nishm "sitting," as sadr-nishln "

sitting in the sadr or presidential

seat, chairman."

Bin * '

seeing,''

as dur-hin "far-seeing ;

also a telescope or binoculars"

;

zarra-hm "atom-seeing," i.e." a miscroscope.

"

Gir "taking, seizing," a,s *dlam-glr wabd" a widely-spread pestilence."

*

Alam-glr is also an epithet for an Emperor.

Kan "digging," as gor-kan

"grave-digger," also

" a badger"

;muhr

kan " a seal-cutter."

Bdf"weaving," as qdlin-bdf

"carpet-weaver."

Shinds "knowing," as Khudd-shinds "

pious."

Nawdz "soothing" (also playing on a musical instrument), as

banda-nawdz = tiesitmg kindly.

Farosh "selling," as mewa farosh

"fruit-seller."

Posh "wearing," as pd-posh

" shoes"

; sar-posh"

lid, cover."

Ydb "obtaining," as kam-ydb

" rare."

Others, not so common are also in use.

The Persian past participle also occurs in common colloquial, as ydfta

"having obtained," in ta'llm-ydfta "educated," pinshan-ydjta "pen-sioned."

Certain letters are peculiar to Hindi, or to Persian, or to Arabic

words : vide" Hind. Man," p. xvi. A munshi whose name is Ahmad can-

not be a Hindu, while Jaganndth cannot be a Muslim.

D. C. P.

English = Hindustani Vocabulary.

Abandon, chhor-dend, gen. : dil se dur karna (of ideas).

Abate, kam karna; ghatnd, intr., and ghatdna, tr.

Abduct, le-bhdgnd, gen. (of people or things) ; le-urnd, met.

(ditto) vide Elope.

Abet, madad dend; pushti karna: vide Incite.

Ability, liydqat: qdhiliyat.

Able, qdhil; ld,iq, adj.

Ablution, wuzu (k.) (relig.): munh hdth dhond : ghusl karna, gen. to bathe.

Abnormal, ma'mul ke hhildf ; or ma^mul se ziydda or kam.

hhoXish, uthd-dend; mauquf karnd {8b\so= to dismiss, stop, adjourn): vide

Cancel .

Abominable, nihdyat makruh {i.e., very objectionable).

Abortion, pet or haml girdnd, cause an .

'

Abound, kasrat se hond.

About, idhar udhar, here and there : ird gird or chdron taraf, on all sides :

qarib qarib or ko,%, nearly, q.v. ;-ke bdre men or -H hdbat (concerning).

Above, -ke upar : sab se pahle, above all: m^zkur (above) mentioned.

Abroad, bdhar, adv. and prep. : pardes, subs., foreign country.

Abrogate, vide Cancel and Abolish.

Abscond, bhdgnd; firdr hond: rafu chakkar hond (disappear suddenly).

Absconder, firdri.

Absence ghayr-hdzirt.

Absent, ghayr-hdzir.

Absolute, mutlaq: mukhtdr-i-kull.

Abstain, kisi chtz se bdz rahnd, to abstain from doing or committing (but—bdz dnd to desist from) :

—se parhez karnd, gen.

Abundant, kasrat se.

Abuse, gall dend (prop, filthy, but not of harsh words) : fuhsh gdlisundnd

(filthy) : gait galauj {mutual filthy abuse) : burd bhald kahnd (ordinaryabuse or harsh words).

Abusive, ganda-zabdn ; munh-chhut.

Accent, lahja (in language) : zor (stress).

Acceptable, pasand; pasand ke ld,iq.

Acceptance, qabul {h. and k.), gen., (of prayer, or anything): vide Ap-proval, etc.

ACC 2 ACT

Accessory, vide Partner.

Accommodation, jagahy f. : gnnjayishy f. ; sama^ly f. (also access).

Access, samd,t, f. (met., to places); ra8d,t, f., and pahunch, f. (to personsand places) ; pahunchnd (to have access to).

Accident, /»adt«a; 'vide 'Event: f^t/ag, chance.

Accompany, sdth jdnd (—him or them; to go with); sdth chalnd (to start

with me) ;sdth ho-lend (to come along with).

Accomplice, vide Partner, Companion.

Accomplish, purd kamd.

Accomplished, kdmil (of people ;lit. perfect).

Accomplishment, hunar {jdnnd) gen. , (mental or other) ;kamdl rakhnd, gen.,

(ditto).

According to,

—ke mutabiq ;—ke muwdfiq.

Accordingly, chundnchi.

Accost, toknd {also to challenge of sentries; find fault with, check).

Account, hisdh, m. (likhnd) (of money) : baydn, m. (narration) : kist tarah

nahm (on no account) : hisdb chukdnd or he-bdq kamd (to settle

accounts).

Account-book, hisdh-bahi.

Accountable, jawdb-dih (responsible).

Accoutrements, kil-kdntd, n., mil. (in eludes arms; also met. = * various

belongings ').

Accumulate, jama* k. (or A.).

Accuracy, sihhat, f . (also good health) : durust or each hond.

Accurate, thik ; durust; sahth.

Accusation, ilzdm, m., gen., (lagdnd) : tuhmat, f. {lagdnd) (false charge).

Accused, mulzam :* vide' Prisoner,

Accuser, ndlishi or faryddt (complainant).

Accustom, *ddat ddlnd.

Ache, vide Pain.

Acid, khattd, adj. : tezdb, m. (for burning) : khatd,i, subs, (acidity).

Acknowledge, iqrdr or qabul kamd (a fault) : mdnnd (a fault, a king, a

saint).

50 Acme, bhondd-pan us par JchMm hai, he is the acme of ugliness.

Acquaintance, muldqdti ;dshnd

; jdn pahchdn kd ddmi;or saldm 'alayki

(Panj.) (all= the person) : vide Information, Knowledge.

Acquire, hdsil kamd.

Acquit, bari kamd; be-gundh thahrdnd.

Acquittal, khaldsl or chutkdrd (or release).

Acrobat, nat, m. and natni, f. (prop, a caste).

Across, —ke pdr, prep. : drd-tirchhd, adj. and adv.

Act, to,—H sdng bharnd, to play the part of : *amal kamd (of action).

ACT 3 ADO

Act, qdnun, and ikat (law) : khudd k% bat or Ichudd,i kdr-khdna, act of

God.

Action, kiyd ; 'amal, m.; fi'l, m. (also = verb): harakai (spec, bad ac-

tion; also in a general sense = movement).

Active, chust ; chust o chdldk ; [chdldk alone generally means cunning*sharp]: phuriild (also smart): chustl and phurtl, subs., activity:chdldfci activity (aZ5o = sharpness, trickery).

Actual, haqiqi ; asU.

Actually, haqiqat men.

Acute, tez-jahm (in intellect) : shadtd (violent, intense, severe).

Acuteness, tez-fahml (of understanding) : shiddat (of pain, severity, inten-

sity, violence).

Add, \ jornd (also = to mend) : jama' karnd (also = to collect) : kushdda

Addition, j karnd, lit. to widen (to add to a house, garden, etc.) : \jam4i'

subs., f. addition].

Address, nishdn (also = sign; signal; mark; trace; banner; nishdna =target): nam o nishdn: patd (also = trace) : thikdnd (also = resting-

place ; limit) : patd, thikdnd.

Address, to, kisi ko mukhdtab karnd, to speak to.

Adhere, chipaknd or satnd (as of a stamp) : bdt par arnd or jamnd (to ad-

here to one's opinions) : lagd-Uptd rahnd (—to a person or to opin-

ions).

Adherence, pairavi (relig.) ; Idg lapet, f.

Adherent, pairau (follower of) : Idgu ; taraf-ddr.

Adhesive, chipakne-wdld.

Adieu, to bid,—se rukhsat hond : Khudd Hdfiz kahnd (to say

' God be thyguardian ') : widd' karnd.

Adjacent, ds pas kd (all around) : baghal kd.

Adjoin, us kd ghar mere ghar se mila hu,d hai his house adjoins mine =baghal men.

Adjourn, to, uthd-rakhnd ; (but uthd-dend to abolish).

Adjournment,"^osmaTi," Eur. (of cases).

Administer, intizdm, m.

Admire, waq'at kl nigdh se dekhnd, vide Approve and Praise.

Admit, dne dend (a person) : mdn-lend or qabul karnd allow.

Admonish, samjhdnd : nasViat karnd.'

Adopt, god men lend (a child;

lit. to take into the lap ) : ikhtiydr karnd

(a measure, idea).

Adopted, pdlak an adopted child.

Adore, —ki Hbddat karnd (of God) : vide Worship : mdh apne bete par jdndetl hai the mother adores her son

;vide Dote and Devoted,

Adorn, drdsta karnd ; drd,ish d.

Adorned, drdsta; band,o singdr kiye hu,e (for woman) ; ba7i than-ke (tricked

out ; too smartly dressed; of prostitutes or fops).

ADU 4 AGR

Adult, baligJt : siyana (also = cunning) ; nau-jawdn (from 17 to 25 about).

/LA^lf^^^*A f ^^*of mildnd ; {khotd opposed to khard pure).

Adultery, zind, f. (k.) ;zind-kdri {k.) (also = fornication).

Advance, age barhnd, intr. : age dend (of money) : vide Promote and Inter-

est : peshgi, f. an advance of pay.

Advantage, fd,ida (uthdnd) ; nafa' : nafa' nuqsdn profit and loss, advan-

tages and disadvantages : \hdt ki unch ntch pros and cons].

Advantageous, fd,ida-mand ; mufid.

Adventure, sar-guzdsht, f.

Adventurous jdn joJchon^ adj. (risky to life) : diUchald.

Adversary, hanf (in war or in games) : muqdbil (opponent, gen.) : raqih

(rival).

Adversity, vide Misfortune and Poverty.

.7.. *. ! ishtihdr dend.

Advertisement, S

Advice saldh, f. {d,): mashwara {d.) [but mashwara karnd to consult].

Affair, bat, f.; kdm, f. amr ; mu^dmala.

Affection, mahabbat : andhi mahabbat, blind, or doting affection, vide Dote :

[mahabbatx affectionate].

Affix, lagdnd.

Affliction, vide Grief, Pain, Misfortune.

100 Afford, de-saknd ; maqdur rakhnd.

Affray, dangd fasdd ; mar-pit, f .

Aforesaid, mazkur.

Afresh, 7Mi,e sir se,

Iba^d ; pichhe ; dkhir (after all).

Afternoon, tisrd pahar, m. : si-pahar, f.

Again, phir ; do-bdra ; har dam or bar bar again and again.

Against, khildf or bar Tchildj,

Age, 'umr, f.; sinUy m. ; burhdpd old age ; za'ifi {not weakness, which is

22*7) •" nd-bdligJi,, adj. under age : zamdna or muddat (a long time) : bdl

paknd (to age, grow grey).

Aged, sinn-ddr.

Agent, ajant Eng. : wakll ; gumdshta.

Aggressor, pahal karnd (to be the ).

Agile, phurtild (also smart in movements); phurtxld-pan agility.

Agitate, vide Shake : josh men land (excite people) : ghabrdhat men ddlnd (to

alarm).

Agitator, mufsid (seditious).

Agree, qabul karnd ; rdzi hond ; nvdn-lend.

Agreeable, diUpasand (of things) : maza-ddr (of food, gen.)

After,

Afterwards,

AGR 5 ALM

Agreement, «W/ag (also = harmony, concord) ;mel (concord) : qardr or band

o bast (oral ; promise) : girmit, Eng. = iqrdr-nama (written ) :

rdzlndma (deed of reconciliation).

Agriculture, kheti (Jc.) ; zamin-ddri (k).

Agriculturist, 2am*?i-c?ar (landholder) : kdshUkdr : i;*c?e Subject.

Ague, jdrd, m. (also cold and winter) : larza (also trembling).

Aide-de-Camp, musdhib {lit. a companion to a great person).

Ail, to, umh bad maza kai or tabVat bad-maza hai : bad-mazagi, subs.

Aim, shist or nishdn bdndhnd : vide Object.

Air, hawd, f.;vide Fume : khiydli pild^o pakdnd to build castles in the air.

Air, to, hawd khildnd ; dhup dhikhdnd : hawd khdnd to take the air : apneko dur khinchtd hai (he gives himself airs ;

but —apne ko dur rakhndhe holds himself aloof).

Airy, hawd-ddr.

Alarm, daghdagha (fear combined with doubt) : shor machdnd to give the

alarm;

lit. to make a noise) ;halld k, (also = to create an uproar) :

halld ghulld machdnd, lit. to sound the alarm.

Alarming, dardond (of appearance) : wahshat-ndk (of news).

Alarum, jagauni ( clock).

Alert, hoshydr (also = sober, not drunk; in one's proper senses, after a

faint; clever, i.e., full of hosh or senses); chaukas ; chaukannd {lit,

four- eared) : beddr nmghz (of Governors or Officers, etc.) ;vide Shout.

Alienate, judd karnd : dil ko judd k.{ the affections of).

Alight at,—par utarnd^ but ja^ah men utarnd.

Alike, ek tarah kd : yak-sdn (much alike) : hil-kull yaksdn (identical) : unklshaklen milti julti \ain (or ek dusn se milti hain).

Alive, jitd ; zinda ; jitd jdgtd alive and kicking.

All, sab ; sab ke sab one and all: sdrd, adj. : mutlaq—na (not at all) :

kuchh bhl nahln nothing at all : jo kuchh mujh se ho-saktd hai yih haiki—all that I can do for you is .

Allay, dur karnd (of grief) : bujhdnd (of thirst;

lit. extinguish) : vide Alle-

viate.

Alleviate, vide Lessen.

Alliance, dostl : 'ahd o paimdn.

Alligator, magar, m. (snub-nosed) ; ghariydl (long-nosed crocodile).

Allow, dend (preceded by a verb in the infinitive) ; ijdzat dend to give

permission : vide Admit.

Allowable, jdyiz.

Allowance, bhattd, m. travelling allowance (from bhdt, m. boiled rice) :

kharch : jeb-kharch (pocket-money) :—kd lihaz karnd to make allow

ances for :

Allude, ishdra karnd : uskd ishdra meri taraf thd he alluded to me : is lafz

se uskd matlab bdwarchi thd by this term he meant the cook.

Almanack, jantrl, f.

^^^ 6 AMO

Almond, badam: bddami, adj. almond-coloured, i.e., tan; also almond-shaped.

Almost, qarib qarib.

Alms, Jdiairat, f., sing. (Muslim) : dan, f. or dan-pun , m. (Hindu).Alone, akela; tanha ; tan^i-tanha all alone; [tan P. = body] ; chhorna or— se hath uthdnd to Jet alone.

Along-sided, —ke bagj^al men ; —ke paUu men.

Aloud, zor se : unchl avmz se ; chiUd-kar having cried out.

160 Alphabet, alif be, f.

Alter, badalna; tahdil karnd ; badcU sadal, k. (where there is a question ofseveral changes) .* mde Correct.

Altercation, takrdr, f. (k.) ; jhagrd, m. (k.) : gdli galauj, f. {k,) interchangeof filthy abuse, mutual abuse.

Iternate, ) ^— ^-^j ^^ j^^ turns : ek din chhorke on alternate days.

Alternative, chdra, m. remedy : tadbir, f. plan.

Although, agarchi : Una bard adml ho-kar umh giharur nahin kartd althoughhe is such a great man, he shows no pride.

Altitude, vide Height.

Altogether, sah milke all combining together: sdre kd sdrd khardb it is

altogether bad : umh purd bad-ma'dsh hai.

Alum, phitkiri, f.

Amass, vide Collect.

Amateur, wuh shauqlya gdtd hai, he is an amateur singer.

Amazed, dan^ (k.), (astounded) ; hakka bakka (confounded, surprised).

Amazement, hairdnl bewilderment; being confounded or perplexed.

Ambassador, elchl.

Ambiguous, muhham : pechlda confused, entangled : do-ma'nq, vulg. (withtwo meanings).

Ambition, hausala, m. {lit. crop) ; himmat, f. (also = courage and persever-

ance).

Ambitious, 'all himmat ; 'dli hausala ; hausalamand (of noble ambition) :

vide Courage : dunyd-talab (ambitious in a bad sense).

Amble, ruhdl or rahwdr chalnd (of an easy artificial amble).

Ambuscade, kisi ki ghdt men baithnd or rahnd : ghat or kamih-gdh, f.

(place ).

Ameliorate, —ki hdlat bihtar karnd : chdra-sdzi, k. (also to cure).

Amend, sudhdrnd ; hdlat ko sudhdrnd (to mend one's ways).

Amends, badld (c?.)/ vide'

Revenge : mukdfdt {k).

Amiable khush-mizdj.

Amicable, dostdna, adj. and adv.

Amidst, —ke bich {men) : —ke dar miydn.

Ammunition, goli bdrut, m.

Amnesty, 'dmm mu'dfi (general pardon).

Among, vide Amidst.

AMO 7 ANT

Amount, pahunchna (to amount to) : mdblagh (sum).

Amputate, katna ; kat-ddlnd : qalam karnd to sever at one blow.

Amulet, ta'wtz, m.

Amuse, dil hahldnd amuse oneself;but kisi ka dil bahldnd to amuse

another.

Amusement, tamdshd, m.; ^Ai^^? occupation ; mashgjiullyat ditto : dil-la^fi

ki bat (also joke).

Amusing, maza-ddr (of people or books; lit.

*

tasty,' of food).

Anarchy, andher, f. {machl hu,i hai).

Ancestors, bap ddde, pi.

Ancestry, nasi, f. ; khdnddn.

Anchor, langar {ddlnd and uthdnd).

Anchorage, langar-gdh, f.

Ancient, qadtm : ogle zamdne ke log the ancients.

Anecdote, vide Story.

Angel, firislita.

Angelic, firishta-sifat (in disposition) : firishta <kd sd (angel-like, mightrefer to appearance).

Anger, ^ussa {k. and h.), subs, and adj. ; khafd {k. and h.) : khafgl, f.

Angle, kond, m. corner.

Angry, vide Anger.

Animal, jdnwar ;haiwdn.

Animosity, kina.

Ankle, takhna, m.

Annihilate, nest o ndhud karnd ;* vide

'

Exterminate.

Anniversary, sdl-girah, f. (also birthday).

Announce, khabar dend : vide Cry.

Announcement, ittild, f. (d.) inform: wc?e Advertisement : i'ldn, m. (public).

Annoy, diqq karnd : satdnd {lit. to oppress) : bigarnd to be annoyed (also to

go bad, be spoilt) : vide Tease.

Annual, sdldna.

Anoint, chwparnd grease. 200

Anonymous, gum-ndm.

Another, ek aur ; dusrd a second: pardyd, adj. another's, not one's own

property.

Answer, jawdb dend (also = to dismiss a servant) : is se merd kdm chalegdthis will answer my purpose : vide Curt.

Ant, chunti, f. (small) : chuntd, m. (large) : dimak, i. (white-ant).

Antagonist, jor (in wrestling) : vide Adversary.

Antagonism, mukhdlafat.

Antelope, haran or hiran, m., and harm, f., the Indian Antelope or Black-

buck.

Antecedents, qabl ka Jidl.

ANX 8 ARM

Anxiety, '\ande8?ia, m. ; fikr, f. anxious thought : soch, f, ditto. : fikr-

Anxious, J mand anxious.

Any, kisi na kisi tarah anyhow : kahlii anywhere : [kahlrir^na nowhere].

Apart, jvdd ; alag ; *alqhida.

Aperient, julldb.

Apologize, mu'dfi mdngnd or chdhnd, .:

Apology, *uzr, m. (k),'^

Apparatus, sdmdn.

ADoarentiv f^^^*'' ^^^^^ clear) ;

zdhir-an or dekhne men (apparently).

Appeal,*

apil*

karnd, leg. : main dp kl duhd,i detd hurt I appeal to you.

Appear, m^t'lum hond ; zdhir hond ; dikha,i dend : vakil hond to appearfor .

Appearance, surat, f. ; shakl^ f. form, shape : vide Face.

Appease, thandd karnd ; wxindnd (anger).

Appellant, vide Plaintiff.

Appertain, —se 'ildqa or ta'alluq rakhnd.

Appetite, hhukh^ i. hunger : ishtihd, f.

Apple, seb : sharlfa or sitd-phal (custard-apple).

Applicant, darkhwdst-kame-wdld :' vide

'

Candidate.

Appoint, muqarrar karnd ; thdhrdnd.

Appointment, naukari : *uhda, m. rank.

Apprehend, giriftdr karnd ; pakarnd ; vide Arrest; girijtdri, subs.

Apprentice, shdgrid (also = pupil).

Appropriate, to, apndnd to make one's own : makhsus karnd to makespecial ;

vide Fitting, Right.

Apricot, zarddlu, m. (acid) : Ichuhdni, f. (fresh or dried ; sweet).

Aptitude, mundsabat, f., facihty.

Aqueduct, kdrez, P., f. (under-ground ; perhaps peculiar to the North).

Arabic, 'Arabi or 'Arabl zabdn.

Arbiter, '\sdlis (Ar., lit. "third"): panoh^ m., gen., vide Umpire:Arbitration, J sdlisl (k.) arbitration.

Arch, mihrdb, f.;mihrdb-ddr

, adj. arched.

Arena, akhdrd, m. (sp. for wrestling).

Argue, bahs, f. {k.) : daUl, f. {lit. proof) {k.) (but dalU Idnd to cite a proof)

Arid, be-db.

Arise, uthnd (to get up) : paidd hond(—happen, etc.).

Arithmetic, hisdb.

Arm, bdzu (prop, upper arm): hdth hand, fore-arm; fore-leg in horses :

shdkh (of river; lit branch).

Armed, hathydr-band {k.) : musallah {k.).

Arms, hathydr ;asliha.

Armistice, mde Respite.

ARM 9 ASP

Armourer, sildh-gar (who makes weapons) : saiqal-gar (polisher).

Armoury, silah-khdna.

Arm-pit, haghal, m. the oxter {also side, half of the breast of a bird).

Army, fauj, f.; lashkar, m.

Around, —ke gird : chdron taraf, or gird-d-gird, or ird-gird (all around).

Arouse, jagdnd ; uthdnd to make to get up : vide Awake;chamkdnd arouse

with "suddenness.

Arrange, thik thdk karnd ; durust karnd (also to mend) : sajdnd to put in 250

proper order, arrange things (as a room or table).

Arrangement, band o bast, m. (k.) ; intizdm, m. (k.) to plan, q.v. ;videoX^o

Administration.

Arrears, bdqi, m.;charhd hu,d rwpiya.

Arrest, to, nazar band, k. (open arrest, mil.; also of a State prisoner):vide Apprehend ; nazar-bdndt, subs.

Arrival, dmad, f.

Arrive, d-pahunchnd : tashrif Idnd (for big people).

Arrow, iir : tlr-partdb the distance of a bowshot.

Arsenal, vide Armoury.

Arsenic, sankhiyd, f. (white ).

Art, fann^ m. (also skill;also sometimes artifice, trick) ; hunar, f. (also

skill).

Artful, chdliyd ; chdl-bdz cunning : chdldk : makkdr.

Artifice, Jiila, m. ; clml, f.;vide Trick.

Artificer, kdrl-gar.

Artificial, bandwatl :

Artillery, top-khdna, m.

/^^

/ I charhnd : charhd.i or char1id,o, m. ascent.Ascent, )

'

Ascertain, ma'lum karnd : tahqiq, k. investigate ; darydjt karnd to find out

(also to ask).

Ascribed, }^«^«^^ (^«^^«)-

Ashamed (to be), sharminda (hond) :'vide"" Shy.

Ashes, rdkh, f. : [rdkh-ddn ash-tray].

Aside, alag apart : ek taraf or kindre : apne dp se or dhista (in a stage

whisper).

Ask, puchhnd (with se to ask, but with ko to ask after or to care about) :

mdngnd to ask for : sawdl k. (also = to beg) : kisi kd kdl darydjt karnd

(to ask after a person) : vide Enquire and Question.

Aslant, tirchhd {lit. crooked) : drd, adj., across, crossways : dhdlu (also

sloping ground, subs.).

Asleep, mnd men in sleep : soyd hu,d or sotd hu,d.

Aspire, drzu (rakhnd) ; hausala k. (in a high sense; vide Ambition)

Aspirant, ummedwdr :' vide

'

Candidate, Applicant.

ASS 10 ATX

Ass, gadhd, m. (also a fool) ; gadhi, f. : gadha bojh (colloquial), an ass-load.

Assailant, us ne pahal ki he was the assailant, the first to attack : hamla-(iioar^ adj. attacking or charging.

Assault, vide Attack and Attray : mar-pit, f. (in law).

Assemble, jarm' k. and h. : ikatthd, k. and h, :' vide' Collect.

Assembly, majlis, f. ; shihli, Eng. [hajnnn) mil.

Assent, haii karnd :' vide

*

Agree.

Assert, zor dekar kahna ; tdkid karke kahnd.

Assess, hand o hast, k. (of land) : [hand o hast-wdld assessor].

Assessment, mdl-guzdn (land tax) : la^fdn, m. (of land, a zamindari term).

Assiduous, l^^^"*'^-

' ^^^^^*' *^i-

Assignation, chori chupe ki muldqdt (any secret meeting).

Assist, kist kl madad karnd or kisi ko madad dend : [madad-gdr assistant].

Associate, milnd-julnd : kisi ke sdth uthnd haithnd or hond.

Assure, yaqin dildnd.

Astonishing f^'W'^ ^e?^ ddlnd ; ta'ajjuh ki hdt an astonishing matter.

Astonished, muta'ajjib: hairdn (bewildered).

Astray, rdh se hhatak-jdnd.

Astrologer, nujumi : jotishi.

Asylum; pandh ki jagah (refuge) : pdgal-khdna (lunatic ).

Athlete, pahlaiodn (in wrestUng and sword-stick, etc.) : kasratiya, gen.

Atom, zarra, m.

Atone, kaffdra, m. (d.)

Attachment, vide Affection.

Attack, hamla, m. (k.) ; charhd,i, f. {k.) : shab-khun, m. (k.) (a night-attack, i.e., night-slaughter) : vide Raid.

Attainable, muyassar.

Attainment, husul, m. (in intr. sense, the being obtained) and iahsil, f. (in

tr. sense, the obtaining).

300 Attempt, qasd, m. {k.) (also intention) : koshish, f. (k.) (to try to ).

Attend, —ko dil dend ;—ko kdn dharnd :

—taraf tawajjuh k. (people or

things) : Jdiidmat, k.{ upon) ;

—ki himdr-ddri, k. (on a sick person).

Attendance, hdziri (being present ;at school, etc.) : khidmat, f. service.

Attendant, Jchidmatgdr ; naukar-chdkar attendants.

Attention, dhiydn, m.; tawajjuh, f . : lihdz, m.

Attentive, mutawajjih : yih naukar ji se kdm kartd hai (attentive, of a ser-

vant).

Attest, qawdhi dend ; sachdnd.

Attract, khinchnd ; or —ko kashish k.

Attraction, kashish, f. (physical) : dil-kashi or lubhd,o (charm).

Attribute, to, vide Ascribe

AUC 11 BAF

Auction, nildm, m. {k.) : [bolt bolna bid at an auction].

Audience, majlis-wale, tamashd-bm, etc. ; no general term, except hdzirin :

Audit, Msdb jdnchnd.

Auspicious, mubdrak.

Author, musannif (of book) : bdni (founder).

Authoritative, hdkimdna (of tone of voice).

Authorise, mukhtdr karnd : ikhtiydr dend.

Authority, sanad, f. : vide Order or Power.

Avarice, U^y^ f..

^^ans, adj.Avaricious, J

• * . » j

Avaunt, dur ho !

Avenge, vide Revenge.

Average, ausat, subs, and adj. {lit. adj. middle) ;ausat darje kd, or btch kd

(moderate) : ausat nikdlnd (to strike an average).

Avert, tdlnd ; roknd ; dafa*-daja'karnd (repulse, before or after occurrence).

Avidity, shauq (desire, eagerness) : ji (mind).

Avoid, parhez karnd (of things) ; muldqdt se, etc., parhez karnd (of people) :

kindra k. (people or things) : katrd-jdnd (to avoid meeting by turning

aside, etc.) : dnd-kdni karnd to cut, to pretend not to see.

Avow, sdf iqrdr karnd ; danke ki chot iqrdr karnd (lit. avow by beat of

drum).

Await, vide Wait.

Awake, beddr, adj. (k. and h.) : vide Arouse.

Aware, —se dgdh, or wdqif, hond.

Awe, ru'b, m.; haibat, f. ' vide Fear.

Awful, haibat-ndk.

Awkward, bhaddd (in shape, slow and awkward in movement) : andri

(half-taught).

Awning, chdndnl for bed in summer: sd^e-bdn, m. : ahdmydna (very largeand on poles).

Axe, kulhdri.

Azure, dsmdni.

BBabe, shir-khwara bachcha.

Bachelor, bin-biydhd ; kunwdrd ; muflis.

Back, pith f .; pith phernd to turn the back : mere pichhe behind my back :

wdpas, adv.

Backbite, ghlbat karnd : 'vide'

Tales.

Bad, burd ; khardb ; bad: subs, areftwmj, khardbl, and badi.

Badge, nishdn and 'aldmat (gen.), sign, mark, indication: billd mil. : chap-rds (for a chaprdsi).

Baffle, vide Bewilder.

BAG 12 BAR

Bag, thaila, m. (large); thaili, f. (small): 'vide' Purse and Sack andKnapsack.

Baggage, saman^ m.; asbdh, m. ; bdrbarddri (of troops).

Bail, zamaruit, f. (security of any kind) ; zamdnat par chhornd (to releaseon bail ; personal or otherwise) : zdmin the person who goes bail orstands security.

Bait, ddna, m. {lit. grain ; for a snare) : chdrd (for fishing).

Bake, tanur men pakdnd (lit, to cook in an oven).

Baker, roit-wdld ; ndn-hd,%.

Balance, vide Scales : baqlya, m. (of account ;lit. remainder) : wazn bardbar

rakhnd (in scale or on a tight-rope) : tuUbaithnd, intr. (in a carriageor a kajdwa) : ghabrdnd, or apne ko na-sambhdl saknd to lose one'sbalance.

Balcony, bdld-hhdna.

Bald, chandld^ i.e., having no hair on the cAan<^? or crown of the head;'

ganjd (from disease scald-headed) : phlkd {lit. insipid ;of literary

style).

Ball, gold, m. (large) ; goU^ i. (small; also a pill): gend, f.

Bamboo, bans, m. : bambu (gen. opium pipe ; also penis).

Banana, keld, m.

Band, baind-bdjd (of music) : toll ; guroh^ m. : jamd'at, f . (of people).

Bandage, pattl, f.

Bandolier, partald (now also a Sam Browne belt, or a sword-belt with a

shoulder-strap).

Bandy-legged, kamdn-pd.

Bangle, churi, f. (a thin bangle).

Banish, des-nikdld karnd ; or jald watan karnd (from country) : vide Exile

and Deport : subs, and adj. des-nikdld, and subs, jald-wakini.

Bank, kindra, m. (of river; also edge of lake, or fountain, etc. ; also edge,

border) : bank-ghar, Eur.

Banker, sdhukdr or mahdjan (Hindu): sarrdf ('* shroff"; prop, money-

changer) : bank-wdld (European).

Banknote, not, m.; lot, vulg.

Bankrupt, )^diwdliyd, adj.: diwdld nikdlnd;or tdt ulatnd {to go hamk-

Bankruptcy, ) rupt ;to close the business : shopmen sit on a tdt).

Banner, vide Flag.

Banquet, ziydfat {k.) ; da'mat {k. or d.) (any invitation).

Banyan-tree, bar or bar, m.

Bar, berd (goes right across the door;also = a raft) : billi or killt, f. (a small

bar in the centre of door;also a " button

" on a small door).

Barbarian, mleksha, vulg. malechh (by Hindus ; originally meant those

that did not know Sanskrit ;now= unclean) : wahshi ; jangli.

Barbarity, jangli-pan : vide Cruelty.

Barber, %a,i (Hindu) ; hhalifa (Muslim) : hajjdm gen.

J Indians say that being ckancUa is a sign that a man is ighal-mand.

BAR 13 BAZ

Bare, nanga, naked : barahna, ditto.

Barely, ba-mushkil: main ghar se hahar nikalne na-pdya tha ki—(= Ihad

not quite got out of the house when— ;but merd hdhar qadam rakhnd

hi ihd — l had just got out when — .

Bargain, saudd, m. (k.) (buying, marketing) : saudd chuk-gayd (the bargainwas closed) : kauriyon ke mol, adv. (to get as a bargain, i.e., dirt-

cheap) : ghatd,o barhd,o karnd (to bargain ;not in a bad sense as to

haggle, q.v.)

Bark, chhdl, f. (of tree): bhaunknd (to—

;of dogs).

Barley., jau, m., sing.

Barracks, bdrik, f., Eur.

Barrel, nail or ndli, f. (of gun; also = a drain; nail also a marrow bone andspec, the cannon-bone of horses) : pipd (cask).

Barren, be-phal (of trees) : bdnjh (of woman) : bahld (of animals) : usar orbanjar (of land).

Barricade, rok, f. (lagdnd) : kucha-bandi karnd (to barricade streets).

Barrow, theld (any push-cart or trolly).

Barter, adal badal karnd, gen., (exchange).

Base, adj., kamina (of no family, etc.) : pdji (in character) : pdjiymia (of

actions).

Base, subs., kursi (of pillar ; also plinth : lit. chair) ;vide Foundation and

Founder.

Bashful, sharmlld ; sharmd^u.

Basin, bdsan, m.; bol, m., Eur.

; lagan, m.

Bask, dhitp khdnd (in sun) : garmdnd, gen. : dg tdpnd, tr.

Basket, tokrd, m. (large) ; tokri, f. (small),

Bass, bam.

Bastard, hardm-zdda.

Bastion, burj (also a tower or turret).

Bat, chamgddar, etc., f. : bddur (flying-fox) : thdpl, f. (cricket-bat).

Bath, cikusl kd "tap

": hammdm, Turkish bath.

Bathroom, ghusl-hhdna.

Bathe, to, ^usl karnd and nahdnd (int. sense) : nahldnd, tr. : gjiusl dend

(to wash corpses, etc.); vide Ablutions.

Battalion, batdliyan, f, (Eur.)

Battery, bdtri (Art.)

Battle, lard,I ; jang : jan^ kd maiddn^ battle-field.

Bawdy-house, chakld, m.

Bawl, dapatnd, intr., to bawl or shout at a person (also tr., to gallop a

horse).

Bay, kumait (of horse) : teliyd kumait (dark bay ;as though it had oil

rubbed over it).

Bayonet, [kisiko] sangtn, f. {mdrnd).

Bazar, bdzdr, m, ; hdt, m.

BE 14 BEG

Be, to, hond : rahne do (let it be) : jane do (= never mind).

Bead, ddna (of rosary, etc.;

lit. grain) : pot, m. (glass bead) : vide to Skewer.

Beak, chonch, f. (of bird).

400 Beam, shahtir, m. (large): balU, f. (small cross beams; also a pole).

Bean, «cm, f.; lohiya, m.

; and haqila (all different kinds).

Bear, bhalu,^ m.; richh, m.

Beard, dafhl, f.; risk, f.

Bearded, ddrhi-iuala or darhiyal; rish-ddr, darhiydld (contemp., of a hypo-crite Muslim).

Beardless, amrad (young and ).

Beast, jdnivar ; haiwdn (animal) : darinda {lit. tearing, rending ; any beastof prey) : janglt jdnivar (any wild animal).

Beat, mdrnd (also = to kill): pTtnd : herpher ki bdten karnd, to beat aboutthe bush : bajdnd (beat a drum): main hdr-gayd —Vm dead beat, I

give in.

Beautiful, hasin (spec, of humans) ; Jchub-surat, gen. ; namkin, good-looking;sdnwld (good-looking as well as dark).

Beauty, hiLsn, m. (spec, of humans and abstract ideas) : jamdl, m. (of hu-

mans but derived from jamal, a camel) : maldhat, m. (good-lookingness).

Beckon, hath se ishdra karim or ishdre se buldnd :' vide

'

Wink.

Becoming, zeb dene-wdld libds, becoming dress : vide Suit.

Bed, palanQy m., or chdr-pd^t, 1., bedstead: bistar,m.

, a,nd bichhdimii or

bichhaund, m., bedding (from bichhdnd, to spread.)

Bee, shahd ki makkhi or madh-makkhl : ndk kl sldh men (In a bee-line,

following one's nose).

Beef, gd,e kd gosht : ''blf" Eur.

Beer, "fe*r" shardb, f. : pUpd"&tr," f., draught beer.

Beetroot chuqandar^ m.

Before, dge (of time or place): sdmne, in front of : mazkur, mentioned,before-mentioned ,

above-mentioned.

Beforehand, pahle se ; dge ae.

Befriend,—kd sdth dend (also =to accompany).

Beg, bhikh mdngnd; sawdl karnd (also = to ask) : hdth pasdrnd or phaildnd{lit. to hold out the hand ; i.e., beg for alms) : vide Entreat.

Beggar, bhlkh-mangd, gen. ; bhikdri, gen. : faqlr {lit. poor).

Beggary, mufUsi {men parnd) : kangdli {us par a,i).

Begin, lagnd (preceded by inflec. infin. = to begin and to continue) : shuru'shuru' karnd (preceded by uninfected Infinitive, to begin only ;

em-

phasizes the commencement of an act;vide ' ' Hindustani Stumbling-

Blocks ").

Beginning, shuru^ m. : ibtidd, f. : sird, m. (head, end, of material things).

Beginner, mubtadi ; nau-sikh.

Begone, dur ho !

1 But, halu, f., sand.

BEH 15 BIB

Behalf, meri taraf or men zahdni (from or on behalf of me) : men khdtir or

mere haqq men (for me).

Behave, shayistagi se rahnd (of children) : vide Treat.

Behaviour, dhang, m.;or hartd,o, m. : [chdUchalan , character].

Behead, kisi kd sir kdtnd or urdnd :—k^ gardan murnd.

Behind, Behindhand, pichke ; pith-ptchhe : phisaddi, adv. and adj. {lit. the

last in any race or game) : m^in is kdm men pichhwd-gayd, T ambehind-hand with this.

Belie, jhuthldnd.

Believe, mdnnd ; bdwur karnd : iman Idnd (of convert to Islam) : i'tiqdd,m. (relig. opinion) w(^e Faith, Trust, Reliance, Opinion; Jinnon kd

mu'taqid nahin hurt, I don't believe in Jinns.

Bell, ghantd, m. (large); ghanti, f. (small).

Belly, pet, m. ; shikam, m. :

' vide' Womb : pet-hhar, adv., belly-full.

Beloved, ma'shuq: ['dshiq, lover].

Below, niche (prep, and adv.) ;tale (prep.) : vide Less.

Belt, peti: partald, m., sword-belt or bandolier, q.v. : dawdl, f.

Bend, jhuknd, intr., and jhukdnd, tr., to bend down, stoop, etc. : mornd, to

give a turn or twist to : vide Crooked.

Beneath, vide Below : merl sha^n ke IdHq nahin ki— , it's beneath my dig-

nity to— .

Benefactor, muhsin.

Beneficent, fayydz [very generous, from faiz, munificence).

Beneficial, m^/idl .• sud-mand ; fd^ida-mand.

Benefit, to, fd,ida karnd (of medicine) : fd,ida pahunchdnd (of persons) :—se fd,ida uthdnd (to be benefited by) : vide Favour.

Benevolence, khair-khwdht (also loyalty).

Benevolent, vide Benefactor.

Benign, mihrhdn (gen., kind ; also of kings = benign).

Benumbed, sun {k. and h.).

Bequeath, de-mjarnd or chhor-mxirnd.

Beseech, minnat karnd ; iltimds karnd ; girgird-kar mdngnd.

Beside, haghal {men) : vide Near : matlab se bdhar hai, this is beside the 450

question : ape se bdhar hond, to be beside oneself (with anger or joy).

Besides, is ke 'aldwa added to this ;is ke siwd, except this.

Besiege, ghernd (to surround) : qiVa-band karnd.

Bespeak, kah-rakhnd.

Best, achchhe se achchhd ; bhale se bhald.

Between, —ke dar miydn or —ke bich {men) ('* between"

or "amongst").

Beverage, pine ki chiz.

Bewilder, ghdbrdnd ; hairdn karnd (also to astound).

Beyond, —se pare, prep. : 2>arli taraf, adv. and prep., yih meri tdqat se

bdhar hii, this is beyond my power.

Bible, Taurdt aur Injil' vide

' Testament.

BID 16 BLO

Bid, boH bolna (at an auction, q,v. ) : vide Invite and Order.

Bigoted, muta^assih : ta'assuh, bigotry.

Bill, bil, Eng. ;hisab :

* vide'

Beak.

Bind, bdndhna : kasna, to tighten; jild bdndhnd, to bind books: vide

Compel.

Binder, j^d-gar.

Binoculars, dur-bin, gen., also telescope : do-nali or do-dnkht, adj., binocular.

Bird, chiryd, f. (gen. small) [chifi sparrow] : panchhl or paranda (prop, anyflying animal).

Birth, paiddyish, f.; janam, f., Hindi.

Birthday, janam-din, m., H. ; sdl-girah, f., P.

Biscuit, biskut, m. :

*

vide'

Brittle.

Bison, amd.

Bit, dahdna, m. (curb) : qaza^i, f. (snaffle) : vide Morsel, Piece.

Bitch, kutti ; kutyd.

Bite, kdtnd or kdt-khdnd (of animals) ;ddnt kdtnd (of men).

Biter, kattar (of horse, or any animal except dogs, and met. of man) :

munh mdrtd or chaldtd hai (of horses).

„! ^^' karwd ; tcUkh: subs., karwd-pan, m., and talkhi, f.Bitterness^

Bitterly, jalkar kahnd, to speak bitterly.

Black, kdld (k.); or siydh (k.) ; kdld siydh = \Qt'h\a^\L: kdld-sd, blackish.

Blackguard, feac^mw'as^; luchchd; shuhdd.

Blacking, jutt ki siydhi {siydht = h\3i,Q^ness, ink, and blacking).

Blacksmith, lohdr.

Bladder, phoknd (of animals only) : masdna, gen., med. : zahra, gall-bladder.

Blame, ilzdm lagdnd : uskd qusur hai or touh qumr-wdr hai, he is toblame : vide Reproach.

Blameless, be-qusur or be-khatd (without fault).

Blanket, kammal (gen. coarse) : lo,t (fine).

Blarney, chikni chuprl bdten (k.) : lallo potto karnd.

Blaze, dg kd bharaknd.

Bleak, be-dr (exposed).

Blemish, 'aib : ddgh (also = spot, scar, etc.).

Blessing, du'd, f. (dend) ; [du'd karnd or mdngnd, is to pray, or pray for, inthe Christian sense

;the Muslim namdz being a kind of Liturgy].

Blind, andhdy gen. : kdnd, of one eye : 'aqikd andhd (intellectually—

).

Blister, chhald ; (—

par-jdnd or—uthnd).

Blood, lohu, m. : khUn^ m. : achchi nasi kd or asil ghord (a blood horse).

Blood-thirsty, Jchun kd piydsd.

Bloody, lohu-lohdn, blood-stained.

Blooming, phald phuld (and met. prosperous).

BLO 17 BOR

Blossom, kali or shigufa (bud) : phul or khild hu,a phul (open blossom) :

maur, mango-blossom.

Blot, da^, any spot or blemish : dhabba (wet blot) : vide Disgrace andErase.

Blow, chot, f. (lagand) and zarb, f . (lagdnd) gen. : war, f. (cut of sword, or

blow or point of any weapon).

Blow, to, phunknd (with mouth) : bajdnd (mus. instrument) : chalnd or

bahnd, intr. (of wind) and urd-lejdnd, tr., to blow away.

Blue, nild (dark-blue) : dsmdni rang (sky-blue) : dbi, light-blue : firoza^i, 500

turquoise blue.

Blue-bottle, makkhd.

Blunt, kund. .

Blurt out, kah-baithnd (inadvertently; of a secret).

Board, takhta, m. (large) ; takhtl, f. (small).

Boast, to, sheJcht mdrnd ; ding k. or m.

Boat, kishtl and nd,o, f., gen. ; dengt, open row-boat.

Boatman, mdnjhl (spec. Hindu; a caste) : malldh (Muslim).

Body, badan, m. (spec, those parts that in decency should be covered) :

tan; jism.

Bogey, hawwd, f.; 6^*,^ ; bichd (to frighten children).

Boil, phord : bdl-tor (produced by the breaking of a hair) : vide Band and

Corpse.

Boil, to, ubalndy intr., and ubdlnd, tr.; josh khdnd, intr., and josh dend, tr.

Boiling, phutd or khaultd pdnl, boiling water.

Bold, diler ;' vide' Brave, Dare, Impudent.

Bolt, chitkani {lagdnd) (of door) : vide Bar.

Bombshell, bam kd gold.

Bombardment, top-anddzi or gol-anddzi karnd.

Bond, tamassuk (spec, of money) : iqrdr-ndma (of agreement).

Bondage, vide Slavery ; Imprisonment, etc.

Bone, haddi : jhagre H jar (= bone of contention).

Boneless, nihaddd (of meat).

Book, kitdb, f .;

—ndma (in comp.): bahi, any register: kitdb kt almdrl,book-case: vide Binder: kutub-farosh, bookseller.

Bookworm, kitdb kd kird (lit. and met.): machhli (the*

fish-insect ').

Boot, jutd, gen. : but, m. (pahinnd) (Eng. pattern); moza, m. (charhdnd)

(long boots or stockings).

Booty, lut kd mdl.

Border, vide Edge, Boundary and Skirt.

Bore, surdkh karnd; chhednd ; barmdnd (with a 6arma or auger) : maghz(or sar) khdnd (to weary or bore to death).

Born, paidd hond, to be born : mdn-pet kd andhd, born blind : in com-

pounds —zdda,"born," past partic. of the Persian verb).

3

BOR 18 BRE

Borrow, udJidr or qarz lend (with dend= to lend) (of money only) : 'driyatlend (of tilings for use) ; mangnl lend.

Bosom, vide Breast : pet k% bdten, bosom secrets : dill dost (sincere friend);d^nt kdti rotl-khdne-wdld dost (bosom friend).

Both, donon ; har do :* vide' Also.

Bottle, botal, f.; shiska, m. : pakaure si ndk-wdld, bottle-nosed {lit. with a

nose like a pakaufd or a kind of small pease pudding).

Bottom, tah, f. (of well, river, etc.): chutar, f., (fundament): pendl,bottom or underside of anything, and slang the fundament).

Bottomless, be thdh.

Bountiful, daryd-dil, and fayydz.

Bounty, fazl or karam, m. (of God) : daryd-dill or fayydzl (of men).

Bow, kamdn (for arrows) : kamdncJia (for violins) .* gi^ulel, a pellet bow :

vide Salute.

Bowels, dnten, f. pi. ; aniriydn, f. pi. (guts, entrails).

Bowl, piydla (also = cup): bol, m. Eng. : gend lurkkdnd (with a ball alongthe ground ;

lit. to make the ball roll) ;but gend mdrnd or phenknd

(bowl at cricket).

Bowstring, vide Cat-gut.

Box, pet} or sanduq (large ; spec, wooden chest) : ^anduqcha (smaller; also= desk) : sanduqchl (still smaller; a wooden casket) : dibiyd, f. (verysmall, as snuff box, etc.).

Box, ghunsd-bdzl karnd : ghunsd-bdz, boxer.

Boy, larkd : chhokrd (= a mere boy): laundd (contemptuous as bdzdr

laundd ** bazaar brat ").

Boyish, larkon kd sd mizdj (in a good sense).

Braces, gdlis, f. (Scotch"gallowses").

Brackish, khdri-sd (of water) : khdrl-pan, subs.

Brain, bhejd, m. ; maghz, m.;

sir kd gud : dimdgli,, m. (also understandingq.v.) : Idthi mdr mdr-kar uskd bhejd nikdld (I brained him with ray

Idthl).

Bran, chokar, m. (of wheat) : bhusi (of other grain) : \bhusd choppedstraw].

Branch, shdkh (of tree, river, railway): tahniy f. (twig).

Brand, dd(^ Idgdnd (with hot iron) ;dhabbd lagdnd (with something wet ;

vide Blot) : ndm men ddgh, or dhabbd lagayd (of stigma).

Brandy, brdndi, Eng.

Brass, pitaly m.

Brave, bahddur : diler (bold) : jawdn-mard (also generous) : sher-mard andsher-dil («= lion-hearted).

550 Breach, rakhna {k.) mil. : sendh, d. (of thieves).

Bread, rati, gen.: dabcd rotl, English bread only: ek rotl, one' loaf: {rati

also = food in general) : rozl, daily bread (from God).

Breadth, chaurd,l : pdt (spec, of river) ; *arz (spec, of cloth).

Break, tornd (to snap) : phornd (break a hole) : tor tdr k. (of many things) :

tor phor k. (ditto, but varied kinds of breaking): cfiaknd chur k.

BRE 19 BRO

(break into bits) : phutnd (to break forth, to burst) : sendh d. (of

thieves, vide Breach) : takkar khdnd (break, dash against ; of waves)nikalnd (to break in a horse, educate it) : roza kholnd (to break one's

relig. fast properly ;but roza tornd, to break it improperly) : qaul st

phirnd (or mukarnd, to deny) to break a promise ; hdr-jdnd (break

down) : torke kholnd (break open) : hdth churdkar hhdgnd (break away,as a thief) : kist se 'ddat churdnd (to break a person of a habit) ;

hawdchhornd (to break wind, accidentally or otherwise).

Breakfast, hdziri or din kd khdnd ; [rdt kd khdnd= dinnev'] : chhoti hdziri,

light breakfast at sunrise.

Breast, pistdn or chhdtl or sind (of woman) ;vide Chest : slna (of bird).

Breastplate, slna-band, of horse.

Breastwork, sangar, m. (of loose stones).

Breath, ) dam, m.; sdns, m. and f. : [sdns lend, to breathe, but dam lend,

Breathe, ) to take rest].

Breed, bachcha dend (of animals) : jannd without ne, of woman) :— sp

bachcha lend (to raise a breed) : pdlnd (to rear).

Brethren, bhd,i-band.

Brevity ,ikhtisdr : [mitMtosar brief].

Brew, to, shardb khinchnd.

Bribe, ghuns, f .; rishwat, f. {dend or khildnd, tr.

;but with khdnd and lend,

intr.)

Brick, Int, f. (burnt or unburnt).

Bricklayer, raj.

Bride, dulhan.

BriAegtoom, dulhd ; nau-sha.

Bridge, pul, m. (bdndhnd).

Bridle, lagdm, f. {dend or charhdnd) : zabdn ko lagdm dend (to bridle the

tongue) : be-lagdm ddml (he has no reticence).

Brief, vide Brevity : khuldsa, subs, and adj. ; Jchuldsd yih hai ki— briefly—

.

Brigade, briged, f. : fauj-bandi karnd, to brigade.

Bright, chamak-ddr {k.) ;chamklld {k.) (shining) : raushan (clear ;

of day, or

face;also well-lighted = i^/a^a) .• sdf (of sky).

Brilliancy, chamak, f. or jot, f. (of gems) : chamak (of stars).

Brims, lab, m., gen. {lit. lip).

Brine, namkin pdrii, gen. (of ocean, or pickle).

Brink, kindra : marne kindre, adv. (on the brink of death).

Bring, Idnd or le-dnd or lete-dnd, gen. : uthd-ldnd (bring in the hand).

Brittle, ndzuk (fragile or delicate) : shlsha-sd ndzuk (fragile as glass) : kardrd

{crisp and brittle); pdpar kd hukm rakhtd hai{— brittle as a pdpar

biscuit).

Broad, chaurd ; chakld : chaurd chakld, very broad.

Broadcloth, bdndt, f.

Broken-winded, sher-dam, adj.; and sher-daml, subs.

Broker, dalldl (any go-between) : kabdri (sells old furniture, etc.).

BRO 20 BUR

Broody, kufuk (of hens only).

Brook, chashma (the source of a stream).

Broom, jhdru : jhdru phemd, to make a clean sweej) of (of robbers, a

spendthrift wife, etc.), vide Brush.

Broth, shorbd, shorwd, ahirwd.

Brothel, thakld.

Brother, hhd,% ; birddar (also relation) : sagd hhcn (own-brother, havingsame father and mother) : sauteld bhd,t (half-brother).

Brotherhood, birddari ; zdUbirddari : apndyit, f., subs, and adj.

Brotherly, birddardna.

Brown, bhurd : bdddmi (tan, of leather ; lit. of the colour of almond peel) :

naswdri rang (snuff-coloured, vide Snuff).

Browse, vide Graze.

Brush, burush or bursh, m., Eng. : bdl ka qalam (paint-brush) : jhdru dend,to brush ; [but jharu mdrnd, to beat with a jhdru, to birch], vide

Broom.

Bubo, bdghi, f. [hond) (venereal only) : gilti {uchhalnd) (of plague, etc.).

Buck, hamdy m., black-buck, vide Deer : kandhimdmd, to buck (of a horse).

Bucket, bdltl, a stable-bucket.

Buckle, baksu,d, m., Eng. {lagdnd) : su,i (the tongue of the buckle; lit,

needle).

Buff, shuturi rang, lit. camel-coloured; vide Fawn and Brown.

Buffalo, bhains, f. (generic) : bhainsd (bull-buffalo).

Bug, khatmaly m. : gandhl, f.. that which flies at night.

600 Bugle, bigul, m., Eng. {bajdnd).

Build, bandnd ; uthdnd.

Building, makdn, gen. : Hmdrat, f. (of large buildings only).

Bull, sand (also stallion).

Bullet, banduq ki goli.

Bullock, \bail : baiUgdrl (ordinary baggage bullock-cart) : baildl,

Bullock-cart, etc., J one who leads laden bullocks.

Bull's-eye, gulzart, Eng. : chdnd (lit, moon).

Bully, Tismdr Khdn, a blustering bully (a man once killed thirty mosqui-toes and assumed the title of Tls-mdr Khdn).

Bundle, gathrt : bandil, f . (Eur.) : gatthd, m. (of grass).

Bunch, guchchhd, m. (of grapes, flowers, keys, etc.) : khosha {oi gTa,pes;also an ear of corn).

Burden, bojh, m. ; bdr, m.; Idd, f.

Burdened, bojhal (heavy, hindered).

Burial, vide Funeral.

Burn, jalnd, intr. and jaldnd, tr. : jaldkar khdk kar-dend^ to burn to ashes :

jdke chhed ho-jdnd^ to be burnt through : dg se phunknd, gen. ,to burn

up : dg lagdnd, gen., to set fire to : dg dend (of corpses).

Burst, phatnd (when a crack forms) ; phutnd (when a hole forms).

BUR 21 CAL

Bury, gdrna, tr., gen. (to cover with earth) : mittt dend or dafn karnd (of

corpse) : gare murde ko ukhernd {lit. to root up a corpse = to revive for-

gotten quarrels).

Bush, jhdr^ m. or jhdrl, f. : jhdr-ddr, adj.

Busy, kdm men lagd hu,d hai he's busy =Mm men mashgjiul hai ; kdmi(hard-working, of big officials) : kdm kdju (of servants).

Butcher, qasd^l (spec, of kine) : qassdh, gen. : qasd^i-pan (butchery,cruelty).

Butt, kunda (of rifle or Idthl) : smg mdrnd (to butt with one horn) : dhunsmama (to dash with the head as fighting-rams, a rhinocerus, etc.)

Butter, makkhaUf m. [chupamd).

Butterfly, titli or titri.

Buttermilk, chhdch : last, Panj.

Button, butdm or batam, m., Eng. ;hilll (a wooden latch

; vide Bar).

Button-hole, kdj,m.

Buttress, pushta, m. {hdndhnd).

Buy, mol'lend ; hharidnd.

Buyer, gdhak ; Jchariddr ; lene-wdld :* vide

'

Customer.

Buzz, bhinbhindnd (of fly, wasp).

By and by, tkahar-ke.

Byre, gd,o-sdld.

Cabbage, gobi ; phul-gobi (cauliflower).

Cable, rassd.

Cactus, sij (the flat kind) ; muthiyd sij (the round kind).

Cage, pinjrd.

Cajole, phusldnd (in good and bad sense) : lallo patto karnd (blarney, spec.of women) : vide Deceit, Flattery.

Cake, kulcha (small round and flat ; sweet or salt).

Calamity, bald, f. (spec, public) : dfat, gen. : vide Misfortune.

Calculate, hisdb karnd : ginti or shumdr karnd (also = to count).

Calf, bachhrd or bdchhd, m.;and bachhn or bachhiyd, f. (of cow) : parwd, m.

and pariyd f. (of buffalo) : (pindli kl) machhli (of leg) :

' vide'

Biceps.

Calico, chhint, f. or dares, f., Eng. (chintz) : len-kildt, m., Eng. (long-cloth) :

nain-sukh (a soft calico).

Call, vide Name and Summon : pukdrnd (to call out) : vide also Shout,Shriek, Cry : dhandhord pitnd (by a public crier with drum) : manddl(proclaim by crier in any way) : ndm leke pukdrnd (to call by name) :

Khudd kd ndm lend (to call on God) : milne ko (or muldqdt ko) jdnd(call at a person's house) : ndm ba-ndm pukdrnd (to call over thenames = hdziri lend) : bdz-purs karnd or jawdb talab karnd (to call to

account).

Calm, tJnr (of water) : dil-jama' (of mind) : vide Silent.

CAL 22 CAP

Calm, dhima or thandd kamd and bithdnd (anger) : bujhdnd (thirst ; also

put out fire) : halkd or kam kamd (to lighten or lessen pain) : dhimdhond (of anger, storm : intrans).

Calmness, third^i ; dhimd-pan : diUjama'l, f. or itmindn, m. (of mind ; opp.to ghahrdhat).

Calumniate, Uihmat lagdnd ; huhtdn I. or bdndhnd.

Callicraohv I^^^"^^^* •' khush-navisi or khush-khatti , Calligraphy.

Camel, unty m. f untni, f., H. : shutur. P.: sdndhni (female riding-camel ) :

mdr% (in Punjab ; female riding-camel) : nakel, f. and mahdr, f. (nose

string, etc.).

Camel-driver, etc., sdr-bdn or shutur-bdn : sdndhni-sawdr and shutur-sawdr

(messenger mounted on a camel).

Cambric, kimrik, f., Eng.

660 Camp, pard,o, m. and kamp or kampu, m. (camping-ground, mil.) : rfera,

m., gen. (mil. or private ;lit. tent) : dera lagdnd or ddlnd (to camp).

Camphor, kdfur, m. (often the name of negro slaves) : [kdfurl is used for

anything very white ; kdfurl shama' wax candle : kdfur ho-jdnd, to

disappear suddenly, i.e., run away].

Canal, nahr, i. (also a stream).

Cancel, kdtnd (of names) :—par qalam phernd (an order) : uthdnd or

mansukh k. (a law) : uihd-dend or mitdnd (abolish a custom).

Candidate, ummed-wdr (in exam, or for a post) : imtihdn dene-wdld (at an-

exam.).

Candle, mom batti ; shama*,f .

Candle-stick, shama'-ddn.

Candour, sdf-go,i (in speech) : khard-pan (straightforwardness of speech or

dealings).

Candy, kuza misri (sugar-candy).

Cane, bed, bet, or bent, f. (mdmd or lagdnd) tr., and bent khdnd or —par

parnd, intr.): ukhoiikh (thin sugarcane): gannd (gen. term, sugar-

cane).

Cannibal, ddam-khor : (fkul (a ghoul): rdkas (for Hindi rdshds, a cannibal

demon) ; wuh bard rdkas hai = he will eat anything) : aghort or aghor-

panthi (a caste that eats corpses).

Cannon, top, f. (chaldnd).

Canopy, sdya-bdn, gen. : shamiydna (a very large tent without walls andwith a flat roof).

Cantankerous, iakrdri; hujjatt.

Cantonment, chha,om : Bdzdr Kaptdn (Cant. Magistrate).

Canvas, kirmich : tdt (gunny or sacking).

Cap, topi, gen. (cap or hat ; also cap of gun) : halkl topi (cap).

Capable, qdbil.

Capacious, jis men gunjd,ish bahut hai.

Capacity, gunjd,ish, f . ; sanm,%, f .; pet, m. {lit. belly).

CAP 23 CAR

Caper, to, hakar-kud (f.) k. (spec, of goats) : uchhal-kud (f.) k. (to skip ;of

animals or children or men : vide Jump, Spring) : hakar-kud nachdnd

(to make to run about ; expresses contempt or annoyance).

Capital, punji, f.; mul; asl ; sar-mdya, m. (money or stock in trade) : pa,e

talcht (of a country ;where the throne is) : ddr''

'

s-saltanat (may be of

a province).

Capitulate, sharton par hathydr ddlrdend or rakh-dend : qil'a hawdla k. (to

hand over the fort).

Capon, khassi (or hadhya) murgh, 'vide' Gelding).

Captivate, moh-lend or lubhdnd or farefta k.

Captivating, dil-fareb, gen. : mohrn (of women) : diUdvez (of things).

Captive, asir (in war) : giriftar k. (to take captive, arrest;vide Capture).

Captivity, asiri (of war.) : giriftdri, gen. (capture); qaid (imprisonment).

Captor, giriftar karne-wdld.

Capture, giriftdri (of persons): phasdnd, verb, (of animals; lit. to en-

tangle) ; pakarnd (to catch) : le-lena or faiah (k.) (of a town).

Caravan, ^ 7- - -/?/ 1

- - - £P

'

ytcaravan, m.; qafila, m. : karavansara, f., caravansary.

Carbine, qardbm, f.; Fr.

Carcass, loth, f.

Card (^^^^' ^^' (^^^^^^) (pl^yi"g) • kdrad or kdt, m., Eng. (post-card) :

Cardijoard ]— ^^ ^^^^ chalnd (to play one's cards well): A;%<, m. (card-

'

( board).

Cardamoms, ild,echi, f.

Care, —ki khabar leva or Ichabar-ddri karnd (to look after) ; khabar-girikarnd (to look after a sick person) : khabar-ddr, interj. (beware!) :

mujhe zarra bht parwd nahin (I don't care in the least) : fikr, f. or

chinta, f. (anxiety, q.v.) : vide Charge, Custody.

Careful, hoshydr (also clever;alert

; sober).

Careless, gjidfil (neghgent) : be-parwd (not caring a bit).

Carelessness, ghaflat, f . : be-parwd,t.

Caress, pydr k. (also to love) : duldr pydr k. (with actions only ;vide

Stroke) : chummd chat k. (kissing and caressing).

Cargo, bojh, m.;and bar, m. (

= load).

Caricature, Jchdka urdnd (by oral description or by drawing).

Carnivorous, gosht-hhwdr.

Carpenter, ba/rhd,l : mistri (also blacksmith).

Carpet, qdlin (large) : qdllcha or ghdlicha (small ;a rag) : darl (without

pile) : shatranjl (finer than a dari ; lit. for playing shatranj or chess) :

sher-i qdlin (a carpet knight ;also a boaster, etc.).

Carriage, gdri, gen. : baggl : tam-tam, f . ; fitan, f. (phaetonj ; dfls-jdn, f.

(various patterns) : thekd gdri (hackney-carriage): sawari (anythingfor riding or driving ;

includes elephants and dulls, etc. ;sawdrl is also

a modern and polite term for wife, as wives travel in conveyances).

Carrier, harkdrd (postal ; also a peon) : qdsid kabutar (homing-pigeon).

CAR 24 CAT

Carrion, murddr (stinking carrion ;also anything fresh but not slaughtered

according to the Muslim rite;also a term of abuse amongst women) :

murddr-khwdr (carrion-eater > also a vulture).

Carrot, gdjarj m.

Carry le-jdnd and le-chalnd (without ne) : uthd le-chalnd (to carry away) :

dkond (to carry a load, to bear on the head, back, or shoulder): le-

ufnd (to run away with a woman) : le-bhdgnd (to carry off) : ta^mil

karnd or ha-jd Idnd or 'amal men Idnd (to carry into effect) : jdrlrakhnd or chaldnd (to manage affairs) : anjdm dend or piird karnd (to

carry out, fulfil : vide Convey.

Cart, gdri, gen., vide Carriage: chhakrd (bullock-cart).

Cartage, bojhd,i (the act or the hire).

Cartridge, kdrlus, m. : tontd.

Carve, khodnd (in wood, stone, or metal).

Case, gj^ildf (of cloth) : khdna (if not soft : also a compartment) : vide

Scabbard : in compounds ddn as qdlam-ddn : is hdlat men or is sural

men (in this case) : maqaddama, m. (law-suit) : vide Question, Matter,Affair.

700 Cash, n^qd, subs., m. or naqdt, f., subs, or adj. : rokar-hisdb (cash-account) ;

rokar hahi (cash-book) : tahvil (disbursement).

Cash, to, bhundnd or bhanjdnd or tordnd (cheque, coin, etc.).

Cashier, iuhvil-ddr.

Cask, pipd.

Casket, dibyd, f. (any small box, q. v.).

Cast, phenknd or mdrnd or phenk mdrnd (with force) : ddlnd (to let drop or

cast without force) : vide Shed : dhdlnd(—in a mould, found) : garhnd

(ditto of jewelry): langar d. (to cast anchor): phenk-dend (throw

away) : chhor-dend (cast off) : nikdl-dend (cast out) : vide Lots : ihsdn

jatdnd (to cast in one's teeth, remind of kindnesses;but ta'na dend

of other things).

Caste, jdt, f., gen , prop, zdt : baran, m. (of Hindus only : nich zdt, adj :

(low-caste) : unch-zdt (high-caste) : zdt-barddari se nikdlnd (to out-

caste) : chaudhri (head of any caste) : zdt khond (to lose one's caste) ;

zdt bdhar hond (ditto).

Castor-oil, arandi kd tel.

Castrate, khassi k. (spec, of goats and cocks) : badhiyd k. (spec, of bulls) :

dkhhia k. (spec, of horses).

Cat, billi : billd (tom-cat) : ban-billd (wild-cat) : vide Secret.

Cataract, motiyd-bind (of eye) : vide Waterfall.

Catarrh, sardi ; zukdm, m. : kandr (of horses).

Catastrophe, vide Accident, Calamity.

Catch, pakarnd ; pakar-lend : vide Arrest and Snare : pd-lend or jd-milnd

(overtake, catch up) : sone ki chiryd (a prize, a catch) : vide Eye.

Catgut, tdnt, m. (made from sinews).

Catspaw, agu,d {i.e., one shoved in front).

Cattle, gd,e bail ; dangar (in Panjab).

CAU 25 CHA

Cauliflower, phul-gobl.

Cause, sabab, m. (pi. as6a6 = causes, but as a singular = baggage) : wajh,f. ;

baHs ; 'vide' Reason, Motive.

Cauterize, /aZawa ; dagk dend : 'vide' Brand.

Caution, hoshydri : khdbar-ddrl.

Cautious, dekh bhdl Tear kdm karnd ; dd,en bd,en dekh-kar.

Cavalcade, sawdri.

Cavalry, risala (not necess. Native Cavalry) : sawdr, pi.

Cavern, ghdr, m.

Ceaselessly, vide Continuously.

Ceiling, chhat, i. (roof or ceiling) : chhat-parda (the ceiling-cloth under

thatch).

Celebrate, mandnd (of any joyous festival;khushi mandnd, to make merry)

but bydk or shddi rachdnd (of a marriage).

Celebrated, mashhur.; mashhur o ma'ruf ; ndnii or ndm-war (famous).

Celebration, vide Occasion and Celebrate : shddi kl dhum dhdm ke waqt

ndgdh ek sawdr d-pakunchd (during the marriage celebration, a trooper

suddenly arrived).

Celestial, dsmdni.

Cellar, tah-khdna.

Cement, vildyatl mittl, or simint, f. (Portland) : gach, f. (Indian) : vide

Mortar.

Cemetery, vide Graveyard.

Centre, markaz, m. : bickon blch men (exactly in the ).

Ceremonious, takallufi ; pur-takalluf.

Ceremony, rit, f., and rasm, f.

Certain, yaqlnl; pakkd; thik (sure) : vide Determine: ko,% or ek (pronoun).

Certainly, be-shakk (without doubt) : albatta ; aur kyd (what else, of course).

Certainty, yaqin, m.

Certificate, sdrtifikat, m. and f.; chitihl, f . : sanad, f.

Certify, to, sanad dend.

Chafe, malnd or mdlish karnd (rub, to groom, etc.) : ragarnd, tr. and ragar.

jdnd or khdnd, intr. (to rub, gale).

Chaff, bhusa (chopped straw) : bJiusi (what is blown away by the wind).

Chain, zanjlr, f., gen.: zanjird (large, as in ships): 2;aw;tn (curb-chain) :

chen^ f., Eng. (of watch).

Chair, kursi : chauki (prop, a kind of low table for sitting on;also a

police post, and the act of patrolling).

Chalk, kJiaryd mitti.

Challenge, lalkdrnd(—to fight ;

also to shout out at, to make alert) : roktok karnd (of sentries) : kham thokke khard ho-jdnd (to accept the

challenge).

Chamber, kothi (of gun) : vide Room : pdt^ m., Eng. (chamber-pot).

Champ, chabdnd or chdbnd {lit. to chew).

CHA 26 CHA

Chance, iUifdq^ m.; ittifdq'^*^ adv. (by chance) : vide Opportunity and

Likelihood.

Change, subs., tabdUi, f. : rezgdri or rezgl (small money) : do-anni, chau-annl

(in silver bits) : paisd (in copper) : phirtd (change received after

making a purchase).

Change, to, phir-jdnd (of season or circumstances) : hadalnd, tr. and intr.

(to change one's clothes, goods at a shop) : hadll karnd (to put in the

place of;

of sentries, regiments, horses in a relay) : badal-jdnd, intr.,

and badaUdend, tr. (to be changed, and to be changed for by mistake) :

odllbadR k. (to exchange) : tordnd (of money) ;but tornd (to give back

in change ;of the sarrdf).

Changeable, kahhx kuchh kabhi kuchh ; ghan men told ghafi men mdsha (in

temper, or in constitution).

Channel, ndld, m. (large) {bandnd or kdtnd) ; nail (small ;also a tube) :

rah :

' vide' Stream and Drain.

Chapter, bdb : sura (of Quran).

Character, chdl-chalan, m. : bad-chalan, adj. (of bad character).

Characteristic, khdssa, m. or khdssiyat, f.

Charcoal, lakri kd ko,eld.

Charge, supurdagi m,en dend ; hawdla karnd ; kdm sonpnd ;"chdrij

" dendor samjhdnd (all = to give over charge) : kdm apne zimme lend or*'

chdrij"

lena (to take over charge) ;vide Custody, Care : Idgat (total

actual cost) : kharch (expenditure).

Charge, hamla or halla {k.) (attack of Cav. or Inf.) : jhapat, f. (parnd) (to-

pounce on;met. of Attack, q.v.) : ilzdm (gen. ;

of crime) ; tuhmat, f.

(false charge) ;vide Accusation : vide Loud and Injunction.

Charger, paretl ghord.

Charitable, hhair khairdl karne-wdld (Muslim) : dan-pun karne-wdld (Hindu) :

khairdti (got in charity) ;khairdti hospital, m. (charitable hospital) r

khairdt-khdna (a charitable institution).

Charity, vide Alms.

Charm, kisi par jddu karnd ; or jddu chaldnd or phenknd (by magic) ;

mohnd ; lubhdnd ; farefta karnd;dil lend (to fascinate).

Charmer, mantrl, one who repeats spells : jddu-gar, m. and jddu-garni, f.

(magician, of black magic): 'dmil (of white magic): dil-rubd or dil-

ddr or dil-bar (of a woman;

'vide

'

Beloved .

Charming, dil-fareb (gen.; persons or things) ; dil-chasp (also = interesting j

of things) : dil-kash (of things).

Chartered, sanad-ydfta.

Chase, vide Pursue and Hunt.

Chaste, 'ismat-ddr or pdk-ddman (spec, of women) : pdk (gen. ;of look^

thought, and of people) : fasth (in rhetoric).

Chatter, to, gap hdnknd (of idle or false chatter) : bak bak (f.) or bakvds (f.)

karnd (talking too much) : chichydna (of monkeys and met. of

women) : bolnd (of birds) . ten ten karnd (of parrots ;also of the cry

of falcons when annoyed).

Chattering, ddnt bajnd intr. (of teeth).

CHA 27 CHI

Chatty, hdtuni (pleasantly chatty).

Cheap, sastd ; sast-mol ; kam-mol or —dam : arzdn : kauriyon ke mol, adv.,

dirt-cheap.

Cheapen, dam or mol ghatdnd :' vide

'

Bargain and Haggle.

Cheat, ^Aagr, subs. : thagl, cheating: thagnd and thag dend, tr., to cheat:vide Deceive.

Check, vide Stop, Hinder, Remove, Challenge, Examine, Compare.

Cheek, gal, m.; rukhsdra, m.

; kalla, m. (in Urdu, cheek and jaw; in

Persian, head).

Cheer, to, dil hahldnd (to amuse;

of persons) : dil khush karnd ;* vide

'

Comfort, Console : ji mat hdro or chhoro, or he-dil mat ho (cheer up,don't be disheartened): "chiyars'' dend (a newspaper term for

applause).

Cheerful, magan (in mind) : hashfshdsh (of face) : hashshdsh hashshdsh (in

face and mind) ; hans-mukh (of laughing countenance) .

Cheerless, udds (sad ;of persons or places) : be-raunaq (of faces or places).

Cheese, famr, m.

Cherish, Allah dmin se pdlnd (of a favourite child) : dnkhon kl putll banana

(of children).

Cherry, dlu hdlu ; gilds (Pers., and in Kashmir).

Chesnut, surang (the colour): mahu,d^ surang or teliyd-surang (liver-

chesnut).^

Chess, shatranj, m. (khelnd) : hisdt, f. (the chess-board or chess-cloth;

lit.

anything spread out) : shatranj-bdz (chess-player).

Chest, sanduq, m. (gen. ;vide Box) ; pett (of any material but big) :

" dardz ", m. (of drawers) : sma, m. or chhdti, f. (the breast) : chhdti-

and (chest-foundered ;of a horse).

Chew, chabdnd, gen. : chdbnd (of things not swallowed, as sugarcane) :

vide Champ.

Chick (^^^^^ (^^ domestic fowl

;vide Eyess) : patthd (a poulet ;

also a

Chicken squab of a pigeon, or a young wrestler) : murghd, cock;and

'

( murghi, hen : vide Chiq.

Chief, \^sarddr,m. (leader), and sarddran, sarddrin, or sarddrm, f. :

Chieftain, j khdssa (special) : sarddrl (chiefship) .

Child, bachcha, m. (boy or girl) : vide Children : vide Boy and Girl;ummed

se hond, to be with child.

Childish, larkon kd sd ; larak-pan, etc., kd

Childless, be-auldd, gen. : Id-walad (who has never had a child).

Children, larke bale ; kachche bachche (of many children) : auldd, f. sing.,and bdl-bachche, m. pi. (offspring) : vide Child and Descendants.

Chili, Idl mirch, f.

Chimney, chimni, f., Eng. (spec, of oil-lamps) : dud-kash or bambd (of fire-

place).

1i.e., of the colour of the blossom of the well-known mahu,a or mahuwa tree,

the fruit of which is so attractive to bears. Teliya as though oil had been rubbed onit : teliya kumet, dark bay.

CHI 28 CIT

Chin, ihuddi.

China, chtnl ke bartan, etc. (the ware) : Ghtn (the country) : chinr, atlj.

(Chinese).

Chink, jhanjhanahcU ,f. (of coins).

Chintz, chhint, f. {lit. a small spot).

Chip, chhfptty f. (ufdnd).

Chiq, chiq, f., T.

Chiropodist, (no word; performed by hajjdm).

Chisel, rukhdni, chheni.

Chock, rtf, m. (anything inserted behind a wheel, on a hilly road).

Choice, pasand, m. : ikhtiydr, m. (will).

Choke, gala ghotnd, tr. : narett dabdnd: dam ghutne lagd (in eating).

Cholera, haiza, m.; fasli himdn ; dast-qai, m. (Z«7. ,

diarrhoea and vomiting) :

haiza karke mar-gayd (he died of cholera).

Chop,**

chap,'^ m., Eng. (of meat) : urd-dend (to chop off a head).

Chopper, hughdd (butcher's).

Christ, Masih.

Christian, 'Isd^t, gen. : Kristdn (native Christian) : Kirdni (a half-caste

Christian ; also any clerk) : vide Eurasian and Half-Caste.

Christmas, Bard din ; Kishmish.

Chronic, purdrii himdrl.

Church, girjd, m. (from Port. Igreja) : girje kd qahiristdn (churchyard).

Cinnamon, ddr-chmi.

Cipher, sifr, m. : ramz (a secret) : hech. Per. adj.-pron. ( ^a mere cipher).

Circle, dd,ira, m.; gherd, m. : chakkar (anything round or circular) : chak-

kar lagdnd (to turn or go round and round voluntarily) : chakkar

khdnd (ditto involuntarily) : vide Surround.

Circuit, daura (of judge ; also' tour

'

of an official).

Circuitous, ckakkar-ddr ; pher kd; [but pher phdr kdr zig-zag].

Circular, chakkar-ddr (of road, etc., but gol-chakkar of complete circle):

chakkar-chdl (of motion).

Circumcision, musalmdnl (k.)', sunnat (k.).

Circulate, ghumna, intr. (of people) : chalnd (of money) : chaldnd and jdri

karnd : daurdn karnd (of blood) : vide Publish.

Circumlocution, pher kt hdt.

Circumference, gherd, m., gen.

Circumstance, hdt^ f .; Mly m.

; kaifiyat, f. ;vide Affair, State : khush-JmU

(in easy circumstances; opp. to tang-Jmll) : yih Jmldt par mauquf hai

(this depends on circumstances).

Cistern, pant kd khazdna : hauz, m. (a cemented bath in mosques ; any

pakkd artificial tank or swimming bath, etc.).

Citizen, shahn, subs, and adj. (dweller in a city) : vide Subject.

Citron, khattd.

City, shahr, m. : nagar, m. :— nh^d and —pHr (in compounds).

CIV 29 CLO

Civil, mulki (as opposed to jangi) : diwdni (as opposed to faujddrl or crimi-

nal) : hhdnajangi (civil war) : vide Polite.

Civility, d,o hhagat, f. [se pesh and) (of equals) : ikhldq, m. (gen. ;of shop-

keeper, friend, etc. ; but akhldq, pi.,= morals).

Civilize, I ddmt or insdn handnd : muhazzab, civilized; \wuh hard insdn

Civilized, )ddmi hai = he is very humane].

Claim, to, da'wq k.

Claimant, da'm-ddr ; mudda'i (in Court).

Clamorous, ghaughd^ (of birds, etc., or men;also = obstreperous).

Clandestine, chorl chhupe, adv.; kd, adj.

Clap, tall hajdnd.

Clash, jhankdrnd (of arms, metals, rup.ees, etc.): larnd (of dates, interests).

Class, darja, m. (of people ; Ry. carriages) : jamd'at, f . (at school) : videCaste.

Claw, ndkhun (nails of birds, animals, humans) ; changul or panja^ lit. andmet. (the whole foot).

Clay, chiknl mitt} :' vide

' Mud.

Clean, sdf (k.) : suthrd (k.) : pdk, (gen. relig.).

Cleanliness, safd.i ; suthrd, i.

Clear, shaffdf {lit. transparent) : sdf shaffdf :* vide

'

Manifest, Evident.

Clear (away) hatdnd or dur karnd (obstacles) ; vide Solve and Acquit :—

se sdf tapnd (in a jump) : dsmdn khul-jdnd (of the weather).

Clerk, kaldrak, Eng. : munshi and bdbu (mod. usages) : muharrir (now gene-rally applied to a vernacular writer) : mdl-munshi (goods- clerk) : vide

Christian and Half-Caste.

Clever, vide Able : hoshydr, gen., (intelligent) : chaturd (gen. in a bad sense):

sydnd (in Hindustan gen. in a bad sense, but not so in the Punjab ;

also = arrived at years of discretion) : chdldk (often in a bad sense,"cunning" ; also

" active"

q.v.)

Cleverness, hoshydri ; chaturd} ; sydnd-pan ; chdldki.

Client, dsdrm (this word has many meanings; vide Diet.) ;muwakkal (law-

yer's client).

Cliff, (no good word) : pahdr (or samundar) kd khard bdzu.

Climate, hawd, f.;db o Tiawd.

Climb, —par charhnd.

Cling, to,—se chimat-jdnd : lipatnd (entwine; also to cling to).

Clip, to, chhdntnd (slightly ;also to thin out) : katarnd : (to cut with

scissors) ,vide Cut.

Cloak, lahddd, gen. : bdrdnl or bdrdn-kot (waterproof) : chogjid (a sort of

dressing gown ; gen. of Kashmir or Kabul pattern) : parda ddlnd (gen.to conceal a fault of another

; =parda-poshl k.) : vide Conceal.

Clock, dharm-ghari (any clock) : ghari-sdz (clock or watchmaker) : ghantdghar (clocktower).

Clod, dheld (of earth) : vide Villager : gobar-ganesh (a dirty clodhopper) :

Close, bhernd (set ajar, of doors) : band k. (shut) : hisdb band karnd (closean account; either temporarily or permanently).

CLO aO COH

Closet, khiltoat, f., or Uiilioat-khdna, m. (a private room) : kisl kesdth khiUwat harnd (to have a private interview with).

Clot, dala and dali (of blood, milk ; a lump of sugar ;a clod of earth) :

vide Clod.

Cloth, kapra.

Clothe, kaprO' 'dena (the poor) : kapfd pahndnd : rott kapfd dend (to feedand clothe).

Clothes, kapre, pi. : libas, m. (raiment) : poahdk, f. (wearing apparel).

Cloud, hddal, m. ; hadU, f. ; ahr, m. (all gen.) : ghatd, f. (thick cloud) :

hddal chhdyd hu^d (cloudy) : sdf or khuld (cloudless).

Clove, laung, f.

Clover, tirpaiyd ("three-leafed*') : shafted.

Club, lath, m. and Idthi^ f. (a heavy stick, long and often bound with brass):

kalab, m. and kalab-ghar, m., Eng. (social club).

Clue, paid, m. (also = address) {milnd, pdnd; lagdnd) : surdgji, m.

Clumsy, hhaddd (ungainly, i.e., awkward-looking and slow in movement) :

phuhar (in Sictions ; also of women = a bad and slovenly housewife):uzhak (clumsy, awkward and ignorant; lit. Uzbeg) : andn^ (inexpert,raw in his work) : he-dhangd.

Cluster, gJtuncha (bandhnd) (of flowers, etc; a bunch of grapes, keys, stars) :

kkosha (a bunch of grapes, or an ear of corn).

Clutch, kisi ke panje men parnd (to fall into the clutches of).

Coagulate, jamnd^ intr. and jamdnd, tr. (to clot, curdle, congeal).

Coal, patthar kd ko^eld : angdrd (a live coal, ember); kdld-ko,eld (coal-

black).

Coarse, moid (not fine;

also fat) : vide Unrefined : motd-pan or motd.i

(coarseness ;also fatness).

Coast, samundar kd kindra.

Coat, koty m. (Eng. pattern) : kurtd, kurtt (gen.).

Coax, phusldnd ;* vide

*

Cajole.

Cobbler, chamdr (a caste) : mochi (one that makes boots).

Cobweb, mxikri kd jdld.

Cock, murghd : asil-murgh (game-cock) : apni gaU men kuttd bhi sher hai

(= every cock is proud on his own dung-hill) : ghord (cock of a gun) :

chirye ke holte (= cock-crow).

Cock-fighting \^^^^"^^^ • '>nur^-bdzi (cock-fighting).

Cocoa-nut, ndriyal, m., gen. : khoprd (ripe).

Coffee, qahtva, m. : kdfi, f. (Eng.) : bun (the berry) : qahwa-Tckdna (coffee-

house) : qahwa-ddn (coffee-pot).

Coffin, tdbut, m. (also means bier;Muslims seldom bury in coffins, which

however are used to transport corpses to a distance) : sanduq.

Cognizance, sundyt {hond) :* vide

' Power.

Cohabit, suhbat karnd ; ham-bistar hond.

i Anarl Maffietret, Honorary Magistrate ; a jibe.

COH 31 COM

Coherence, mel, m.; laga,o, m.

; jor. m.

Coin, sikka, m. {dhalna or banana) : khota or jaHi sikka (false—

) : chaltd

sikka (current ) : khard sikka (good— ).

Coincide, mutabiq hond or ek sdih hand : thik baithnd.

Cold, thandd (also passionless) ; sard : thandd paid (very cold, of any-thing) : thand, f. and sardi, f. : jdrd (of weather; also feeling cold and

ague) : jdre, pi. the cold season) : sardi, f. or zukdm, m. (the dis-

ease) : vide Shivering.

Colic, qulinj (gen.) : kurkuri (of horses only) : vide Gripes.

Collar, pattd or paid (of dog, etc.) : halqa (horse-collar) : kdlar, m. (Eng. ;

of linen) : girebdn (of coat, etc.) : girebdii pakarnd or girebdn men hath

ddlnd (to collar) :

Collect, ikatthd or jama' karnd: apne ta-in sanbhdlnd (to collect oneself).

Collector, kalattar, vulg., and kalaktar (of a district) : sdhib-i-zila* (DeputyCommissioner).

College, kdlij, m. : mxidrasa, (also a school).

Collegian, tdlib-i-Hlm.

Collide, takrdnd ; takkar (f.) khdnd ; larnd.

Colloquial, bdt chit kd or roymarra kd, adj.

Colonel, karnel.

Colocynth, tumma, m.

Colonize, dbdd karnd ; basdnd.

Colony, nau-dbddi.

Colour, rang, m. ; gahrd rang (deep—

) ;halkd rang (light

—)

: maddham rang(medium — ) : nishdn, m. or jhandi (colours of a regiment) : rangnd,tr., gen., (to colour) : rang bharnd (of paintings only) : rang charhdnd

(to make a thing look better than it is) : us kd rang be-rang hu,d(he changed colour).

Coloured, rangin.

Colt, vide Filly.

Comb, kanghi, f. (karnd) : tdj, m. (of cock;

lit. crown) : meri hibi merd sar

mund-ddlegi = my wife will comb my hair for me (fig.).

Combination, mel, m.; ittifdq, m. : at sat (k.) (for ill purposes).

Combined, muttufiq.

Comer, dte jdte= dne-jdne-wdle (comers and goers).

Comet, dumddr sitdra : jhdru tdrd.

Comfort, to, samjhdnd; tasallidend : dildsd dend (also to encourage; quiet a

restive horse) : tasalli pdnd to be comforted.

Command, hukm (order and word of command), pi. ahkdm, m. : 'vide'

Authority, Control, Order.

Commander, J kamdnir, Eng. : qiPa-ddr (of a fort) : jangi Idt or sipdhCommandant, 5 sdldr (C.-in-C) : kumeddn, Eng. (Commandant).

Commemoration, ydd-gdri.

Commence, shuru' k. (' vide'

Begin) : nddhnd, Tr. (to begin a work) : kisi

kdm men hdth lagdnd : pahal kis ne ki (who commenced the fight 1 whowas the aggressor ?) : vide Begin and Start: muqaddama khard karna

(to commence a lawsuit). Vide "Stumbling-Blocks," XXII, p. 30.

COM 32 COM

Commencement, shuru\ m.; ibtidd, f.; pahal, t (to do a thing first).

Commend, 'vide* Entrust, Recommend, Praise.

Comment, ray T^ahir karnd (orally), and ray likhna :* vide

'

Annotate.

Commerce, vide Trade and Intercourse.

Commercial, Hjdrail ; saitddgan kd : bazar kd dastur (commercial usage'

;

mahdjam sdkh, or — i'iihdr (commercial credit).

Commingle, mil-jul-jdnd :'

vide'

Mingle.

Commission, dasturi or dalldll (brokerage) : sanad, f. (warrant ; mil. com-mission) : kdm (a friendly act): kamtshan, m., Eng. (money com-mission ; also = mission) .

Commit, vide Entrust and Imprison : daura sipurd {karnd and hond) (for

trial).

Committee, kamitt, i. : panchdyat, f.

Commodity, jins, f. gen., pi. ajnds, f .; mdl, m. gen. ; sauddgan kd mdl.

(inerchandise) ; savdd, m. (things purchased in the market).

Common, 'dmm (vulgar, public ;also belonging to several) : sdjhe kd (be-

longing to several) : ma'muU (ordinary) :

' vide' Abundant : sab kt

marzt or rdy se (by common consent) : bdzdri log or 'dmm log (thecommon people) : 'dmm dastur or ma'mul (common practice) : motl

samajh (common sense) : shdmildt (common ground, of a community,not of the public).

Commonly, aksar : bahut karke, vulg. : 'umum-an : 'urf, m. (adv. = com-

monly called;not a nickname).

Commotion, hal-chal (agitation or excitement in streets) ; khal-bali (dittoin mind) : vide Tumult and Confusion.

Communication, vide Information, etc. : rasta, darwdza (passage) : dmad o

raft, f. {k.) (coming and going, between people) : bol chdl, f. (k.) (of

speech) : chitthi chapdtl^ f. {k.) = Jchatt khitdbat {k.) (by writing).

Community, jamhur, and adj. jamhuri (the public) : musalmdnon ki jama-'at (the Muslim Community).

Compact, adj., gathd hu^d (natural or artificial): vide Condition, Promise.

Companion, sdtM or sangati (companion) : rafiq (comrade) : musdhib (of

great people ;an A.D.C.)

Compare, to, mildnd or mildkar dekhnd ; muqdbala k. ; farq nikdlnd.

Compass, kampds, m., Eng. (any compass) : qutub-numd (mariner's) : parkdr,f. (a pair of —)

: vide Ability, Boundary, Extent, Competent.

Compassion, vide Pity.

Co'iipassionate, )ralnm (of God) : rahm-dil (of men) : tars ' khdkar (com-

Compassionately, J passionately).

Compass, to, kar-chhornd or karke chhornd or karke rahnd (to intend andsucceed in

;vide Hind. Man., p. 87 (e).

Compatriot, desH bhd,! ; ham-watan.

Compel, expressed by (1) zabardasti se or jabr-an and a causal verb, (2) a

causal verb prefixed to chhornd (' vide'

also Compass), (3)—par inajbur

or nd-chdr karnd.

alarm,"Tars, vulg., taras, m., H. "

pity, etc." ; but tare, vulg., taras, m., P. '• fear.

COM 33 CON

Compensate, hadla or 'iwaz dend : taldfi karna : kasr (f.) nikdlnd : aur mentamdm din B mihnat thikdne (or haqq) lagi (

— and all my day's labour

was compensated by this).

Competent, ld,iq ; qdhil : us ki samajh (or liydqat) se bdhar hai (he is not

competent to —).

Competition, \muqdbala (k.) : muqdbale kd imtihdn (competitive examina-

Competitive, J tion) : vide Confront, Oppose.

Compete, hardban k. (said of an inferior who vies with a superior.)

Complain, farydd or ndlish k. {se of person and ki of thing ; before a supe-

rior) : gila or shikwa k. (of persons) : skikdyat k., gen. , (of persons or

diseases, etc.)

Complainant, jaryddi or ndlishl, (before a superior) : ddd-khivdh (ditto) ;

mudda'i, leg.

Complete, \purd {k.) ; tamdm [k.) : hhatm karnd (to end): anjdm ko

Completed, j pahunchdnd : mukammal (k.) (completed) : taiydr (ready).

Complex, vide Intricate.

Complexion, rang, ra. (colour) :

Complication, vide Entanglement, Intricacy.

Complicity, shirkat, f.

Compliment, vide Praise and Salute.

Comply, mdnnd ; qabul k. : taslim k. ; manzur k.

Component, juz, subs, m., ajzd, m., pi. (component parts).

Compose, kahnd (poetry) : tasnlf k. or likhnd (of an author) : dil thikdne

k. or havdss jama' k. (to compose oneself).

Composed of,— kd band hu,d ;

— se murakkab.

Compromise, chukautd, m. (gen.) : rdzl-ndmd {likhwdnd) (written) : itne

rupai par sulh ho-ga,i (it was compromised for— ).

Compulsion, \dabd^o, m. (pressure) : zor, m. (force) : jabr, m. (tyranny) :

Compulsory, J zabar-dasti kd, or jabrl, (compulsory).

Computation, \Msa6, m. {k.) : shumdr, m. (k.) ; ginti, i. {k.) ; anddza, m.Compute, J (k.) (estimate) : vide Count.

Comrade, rafiq : ham-dam (that always lives with one); wc?e Companionand Friend.

Conceit, khud-pasand, adj. and khud-pasandi, subs.: akarfun, f. [k.) (spec.of good looks) : apni Hlmiyat ki [?J letdhai (he is very conceited abouthis learning).

Conceive, ko pet rahnd (in the womb) : vide Imagine.Concentrate, vide Collect: khiydl jamdnd (to concentrate one's attention).

Concerning, ke bdre men ;— ki nisbat.

Concession, rrdyat, f. (privilege, q.v.) : ri'dyait tikat, m. (a concessionrailway ticket).

Conch, sankh, m.

Conciliate, khush or rdzl karnd : mandnd (of an angry person).Concisely, thori Hbdrat men.

Conclave, gup chup kd jalsa (secret).

Conclude, vide Settle, Finish, End : natija or ma'ni nikdlnd, and murdd 950lena (infer, q.v.) : khuldsa yih hai {

= '' now to conclude—").5

CON 34 CON

Conclusive, vide Decisive.

Concoction, pachmel, m. : vide Story.

Concur, kisi kt bat (or ray) ae ittijaq k, : vide Agree and Consent.

Concussion, takkaVy f.; vide Shock.

Condemn, ki^ par *aib lagdna, or qusurwdr thahrdnd (to fix the blame on) :

mujrim thahrdnd (legal) : maut kd hukm sundnd : ndqis or nikammathahrdnd (

- as unfit for further use).

Condemnation, sazd kd hukm.

Condescend, wuh mujh se holrid gawdrd nor-karegd (he won't condescend to

speak to me) : mere wdste itni takllf gawdrd kljiye (condescend to dothis for me).

Condition, Jidl, m. or hdlat, f .; ahwdl, m. sing, (but pi. in Ar.) : sural, i.

(also appearance) : shart^ f. (stipulation ;with karnd or lagdkd, but

with latter verb also = to bet) : shartt, adj. (conditional) : vide Rank.

Condole, ham-dardi zdhir karnd, gen. (to sympathize) : mdtam-pursi k. or

pursd dend (on death).

Conduct, fi'l, m. (on a particular occasion) : ravish, f. or ramya, m. (gen.) :

vide Character: mde Arrange, Manage: rdh'numd,i k. to show the

way.

Conductor, kandaktar, Eng. (in trams; also in Commissariat).

Confectioner, halwd,t (sells sweets and cakes; native only) : mit}M,%-wdld

(gen. ;Eur. or Ind.).

Confederate, shartk (partner).

Conference, mashwara ki majlis : kdnfarans, m. or f., Eng.

Confess, ) —kd iqrdr k. : —kd iqbdl k. {iqhdl also = good fortune) : purdConfession, J iqrdr {k.) (a full confession).

Confidant, hhedu, adj. and subs. : rdzddr : mahram.

Confide,— par bharosd k. (or rakhnd, according to sense) ;

— pariHibdr k.

(rely on;a person or thing) : kisi ko bhed (or rdz) batdnd (a secret to

anyone).

Confidently, yaqin ke sdth.

Confirm, pakkd k. (vulg.) and mustaqil k. (of an appointment).

Confiscate, zcibt k. : qurq k.

Conflicting, us ki dalilen ek dusri se larti hain (his statements are conflict-

ing).

Confront, to,—kd sdmnd k. (on purpose) : muqdbala k. : do chdr hona (acci-

dentally): datnd (to stand one's ground, not to retreat).

Confound, gar bar or gad mad k. (of things, words) : hakka bakkd k. (to

dumbfounder = ghabrdhat men ddlnd) : vide Dismay and Ruin.

Confuse, uljhdnd (of things; lit. entangle): uljhd,o men ddlrid^ghabrdJmtmen ddlnd) : hosh khond (make another confused).

Confused, to be, ghabrdnd or ghabrd-jdnd ; hosh jdtd-rahna : hosh khoyd-

jdnd.

Confusion, gar bar, m. (gen.) : uljhan, f. (of thought) and uljhd,o (gen.) :

pareshdni= gJiabrahat : vide Tumult.

Confute, vide Repute.

Congeal, jamnd, intr. ;and jamdnM, tr.

CON 35 eON

Congenial, tahi'at ke mundsib.

ongra u a e, . rmubdrak-bad kahna ; mubarak-bad{l) ,t

Congratulatory, mubdrak-bdd kd.

Congregation, majma' ,m. (gen.).

Conjecture, qiyds k. ; khiydl k. (imagine) : atkal k. (guess) : gumdn k. (thinkalso = to doubt).

Conjectural, qiydsi.

Conjure, Tchudd kl qasam dend : jddu or manfxir ke zor se buldnd, or pciidd

karnd, (of magician).

Conjurer, batta-bdz ; or shu'bada-bdz (profess, juggler).

Connection, dur ke risJite men or barddari men: — se ta'alluq (or 'ildqa)rakhnd (gen. ;

also carnal).

Connive, chashm-posM, k, (simply to wink at) : dndkdni d. (to turn the

eyes from, to connive).

Connoisseur, us ko fuldni chiz kl ban parakh hai.

Conquer, ^jath (f.) k. (a country, or a fort) : zerk. (a people) :—par (jhdlib

Conquest, j Jiond (overcome) :—men or ko jitnd (win).

Conscience, zamir, m. : imdn, m. (vulg. ;lit. faith).

Conscious, mujhe ydd nahin ; mujhe khabar na-thi.

Consciousness, hosh men and (to regain ).

Consecrate, khudd kl rdh men dend: vaqf k. (gen., but spec, of property).

Consecutive, silsila-wdr.

Consent, rdzl h. (with par of things and se of persons; also = to be pleased

with): manzur k. (approve): razd-mandl, i.; manzuri ; marzl ; khushl.

Consequence, natlja m.. or hdsil (result): phaly m. [lit., fruit) : anjdm {liL,

end) : khair kuchh bat nahln= kuch haraj (or muzdyaqa) nahln (it is of

no consequence).

Consider, sochnd or bichdrnd (ponder) : ghaur k. (ponder deeply) : vide

Think.

Considerable, bahut kuchh.

Considerate, har ek bat par naukaron kd lihdz kartd hai (he is very consi-

derate to his servants).

Consideration, soch or bichdr (pondering, q.v.) : vide Think : yih bat zer-i

tajwlz hai (this matter is under consideration) : tere bdp kd lilmz

karke—(out of consideration to your father) : vide Influence.

Consignment, chdldn, f. (of goods).

Consist,—is men hai ki— .* fuldn juldn

^ chlz se band hu,d hai (is made of).

Consistence, gdrhd-pan (thickness of fluids).

Console, tasalll or taskln karnd and dend : dildsd dend (also to quiet arestless horse, etc.) : dil-jam\l karnd : dhsu ponchhnd, met.

Consolatory, tasalll-bakhsh.

Conspicuous, jahdn sab kl nazar pare : 'dmm guzar-gdh (a public passing

place) : vide Famous.

Conspire, sdzish karnd; bandish bdndhrid (also to make restrictions).

1 In Urdu if the fi is not made nasal, the word {fulan, vulg. falan) means *auratkl farj.

1000

CON 36 CON

Constancy i

^^^ Faithful, Fidelity, Resolute, Continuous, Frequent.

Consternation, dil H ghabrahat : hairdni ; hakka hakkd hond (also a verb).

Constipation, qabzy m.

Constitution, quwa, m. pi. (Ar. pi. of quimoat; lit. powers).

Constrained, hut hi tarah (=in a constrained position; and also to sit

silent as an image).

Construction, bandvat, f. (of things) : sdkht (of cloth or things) vide

Meaning.

Consult, ) scddk {karnd—together, or se lend another) ;mashwara k.

Consultation, i (—

together) : kisi ki rdy lend : kisi H marzi kd pds (or

liJidz) karnd (to consult the wishes of) : vide Ignore.

Consumption, kharch, m. ; sarf, m. (expenditure) ; vide Waste : sill, m.

(according to hakims the second stage of diqq or lasting fever).

Contagion, \chhut ki bimdri (contagious disease): wabd,i bimdri (infec-

Contagious, ) tious disease ;the atmosphere has become pestilentious).

Contain, \aind, intr. (gen.) : samdnd, intr. (to be contained or to

Contained, to be, J go through an aperture ;of one body) : is bakas men

bahut gunjd,ish nahin (this box won't hold much) : dil ko qdbu mennahin rakh-sakd (I could not contain myself ;

from joy or anger) : main

^usse ko rok nahin-sakd : apne ta,in (or ghusse ko, etc.,) zabt karna.

Contaminate, dluda k. (things) : nd-pdk k. (of persons or things).

Contemplate, \vide Consider and Intend : gydn, m. (k.) (relig. ;of

Contemplation, J Hindus): murdqaba {k. or — men hond) (relig.; of

Muslims).

Contempt, hiqdrat, f. : haqir (or zaM) samajhnd (verb and subs.).

Jj) Contemptible, zalil (mean or low by actions) : kamina (by birth or actions) :

haqir (for actions) : pdji (scoundrel).

Contemptuous, jo hiqdrat se auron ko dekhtd hai.

Contend, vide Argue and Fight.

Content, rdzi ;—se khush hai : wuh har hdl men khush hai (he is always

contented) : vide Contentment.

Contentious, jhagrdlu (= quarrelsome) : hujjatl (objector, always argues).

Contentment, qand^at, f. : seri (= having all one wants

;also satiet}'^).

Contents, chiz, f. : mazmun (purport of a letter, etc.).

Contest, muqdbala {k') (gen.) : vide Argue, Fight, Dispute, Struggle, etc.

Context, qarina (also = indication ; likelihood).

Contiguous, lagd hu,d : satd hu,d (also stuck together).

Continence, ) vide Chaste and Chastity : 'auraton se parhez hai : shddi us

Continent, f shakhs ke liye mundsib hai jo shahwat ko qdbu men nahin

rakh saktd ; langot-band (has no sexual intercourse;

of celibates) :

parhez-gdr (one that avoids bad deeds).

Co^t'^ff^nt^' (*^^*7^ >' H^if^ ^^ ^^^ '

ittifdqif adj.

Continual, bdr bdr kd : d,e din kd (of every day) : [also expressed by jdndwith a present participle prefixed] : vide Always, Daily.

Continuance, qiydm (of a custom, a building) : bar qardri (of abstract

things) : vide Perseverance.

CON 37 CON

Continue, rahna ; jari rahnd : usi tarah (or waisa M) khush rahd (he conti-

nued happy).

Continuous, i lagdtdr, adj. and adv. : harabar kd : [also expressed byContinuously, i ^'a/ia with an inflected past partic, as parhe-gayd or by

rahnd with uninflected past partic, as din hhar pard-rahd.

Contraband, nd-jd,iz mdl.

Contract, ihekd, m. {I. and d.) : ijdra {I. or d.) : dast-dwez (f.) likhnd (gen. ;

to write a bond) : tamassuk (m.) likhnd (to write a money-bond) :

iqrdr-ndma (any deed of contract) : vide Compact and Bargain : su-

karnd, intr. (to shrink, of persons or things ; sukernd, tr. : tang k.

Contractor, theka-ddr.

Contradict, bdt kdtnd (also = to interrupt), and jhutldnd : bar khildf hond (of

things).

Contrary, (bar) khildf (—

to) : ulte and ultd, adv. (on the contrary).

Contrast, vide Compare : zidd (of colours) : zamin dsmdn kd farq (of great

difference).

Contribution, madad (no pi.) (dend).

Contrivance, hikmat, f. (of a thing) : tadbir, f. (plan).

Contrive, tadbir {with karnd, gen., but with pakdnd ^ —for some time) : hik-

mat se or tadbir karke bhdg-gayd (I contrived to escape) ; [also ex-

pressed by a compound with chhornd or rahnd 'vide' "Hind.

Man.," p. 86-7.].

Control, qdbii or ikhtiydr or hdth men rakhnd : kahne men rakhnd: wuh

mujh se nahin dabtd (I cannot control him) : vide Stop : rok, m.; qahza

(grasp); qaid, f. (imprisonment and restriction): (ia6a,o (also = pres-

sure) ;vide Power.

Controversy, jawdb sawdl : bahs, f. or mubdhasa, m. (or both together)

(discussion, friendly or otherwise) : hujjat o takrdr (unfriendly con-

tention).

Controvert, jhutldnd : radd k.

Convalescent, ijdqe se or ru ba-ifdqa.

Convene, vide Collect : buld-bhejnd and talab-karnd (summon ; q.v.).

Convenience, vide Ease, Comfort and Leisure : subhetd, m. : etc.

Convenient, \subhete kd waqt batld,iye (fix a convenient time) : subhete

Conveniently, J se (conveniently).

Convergent, jo ek nuqte men milen.

Conversant, —se wdqif : —se mdhir (expert in).lUoU

Conversation, 7 bdt chit, f. {k.) ; guft o gu f. (k.) : (talking together) : bol

Converse, j chdl, f. (k.) : jawdb sawdl, m. (k.) (dialogue ;vide also

Match) : idhar udhar ki bdten (chatting on various subjects) : gapshap, f. (k.) (idle gossip or pleasant talk).

Convert, pdni ko barf bandnd (convert water into ice) : us ko 'Isd,i kiyd(he converted him to Christianity) ; fuldn mazhab men Idnd : chela k.

(to make a disciple) : nau-muslim, etc., : nayd chela (a new disciple) :

Kristdn (a native Christian).

Convex, mdhi-pusht (also = '

roach-backed,' of a horse).

Convey,' (iy^ona, gen., (carry on the back or shoulder or in a cart) : le-jdnd(also to take away) : pahunchdnd (to take to) : le-chalnd (start and

carry with one) : utkd-lejand (to carry away).

CON 38 COR

Conveyance, sawdri, gen , (any beast or carriage, etc., etc., ; also a * fare'

— tlie person) : vide Deed.

Convict, gundh-gaVy etc., etc., ihahrdnd {vide Guilty) : sdhit k., etc. (to

prove ; of guilt) : main ne usko \i,s1a gkalail par qd,il kar-chhord (I

convicted him of his error;in argument, etc.).

Convict, qaidi (prisoner) : jald-ioatan qaidt (transported—

).

Convince, yaqtn dildnd ; manwdnd : qd,il k.

Cook, bdioarchl, m., gen.; bdwarchan, f. : Idngrl Panj. : paknd^ intr. and

pakdnd tr. .' raso,l bandnd (of Hindus only).

Cookery, bdwarchi-garl (art or profession of).

Cool, khunuk : thandd sd.

Coolie, quit: mazdur.

Co-operate, milkar kdm karnd.

Co-operation, ittijdq.

Cope, vide Confront.

Copious, wdfir ; vide Abundant.

Copier, kdtib ; naqUnavis : vide Caligraphist : vide Imitate.

Copper, t^nbd : paisd (coin).

Coppersmith, thatherd.

Copulate, jujt k. or jufti khdnd, (of animals) : suhbat k.

Copy, naql (transcript) : musawwada (rough draught) : misdl ; namuna (ex-

emplar) : nuskha (one volume of a work;

also - a prescription or a

recipe.

Coquetry, ndz o nakhra (k.)

Coral, mungd.

Cord, doi\ f. gen. : dori, f. (of hemp) : rassi se bdndhnd (to cord).

Cordiality, tapdk ; garm-joshi.

Cordon, santriyon kd halqa : jel kz ndka-bandi ki (he placed sentries all

round the jail).

Coriander, dhaniyd (the seed).

Cork, kdk or kd^, f. : dat (a plug, or stopper).

Corkscrew, pech-kash, m.

Corn, vide Grain and Wheat, etc. : jii,ar or makd,i (Indian Corn) andbhuttd (fresh heads of Indian Corn).

Corner, kond, m.; gosha, m. : vide Angle.

Coronation, tdj-poshi (of ruling sovereigns) : takht-nishini (ascending the

throne).

Coronet, bhauii f. (of hoof : also eyebrow).

Corpse, murda, m., and Idsh, f. (of humans) ;vide Carcase.

Corpulent, tan o tosh kd.

Correct, sakih or durust or thik k. ; isldh dend : sudhdrnd (mend the character,the manners).

Correction, tashih, f.; isldh, f.

;durustl.

Correctness, durustl: sihhat f. (also health).

Correspond, milnd or mutdbiq hond (of dates, etc.): vide Suit, Communi-cation, and Write.

COR 39 coy

Correspondent, ndma-nigar (of newspaper) : vide Agent.

Corrode, khd-lend; galdnd.

Corrugated, ndli-ddr lohd(—

iron).

Corrupt, bigdrnd, tr., or khardh k. (vitiate) ;vide Putrif\

; bigard hu,d, adj.,vide Bad and Bribe.

Cost, is par kitnd kharch hu,d or kitnd kharcha lagd or haithd{\\ow much did

this cost?); ddm lagnd; sarf hond; vide SuSer: lekin hahut nuqsdnuthdnd pard= bahut kuchh khone paryih chiz hdth Za^* = itcost me dear:

Idgat, f. ^actunl cost) : qimat (price) : vide Loss : main ne kho-ke slkhd (lknow it to my cost : ddm ke ddm or Idgat ke ddm or asU qtmat par, adv.

(at cost price) ; kharcha, leg. (costs).

Costiveness, qabz, m.

Costly, qimatl', bahut ddm kd.

Costume, libds, m.; poshdk, f.

;vide Uniform.

Cottage, bangaliyd, f. (a small bungalow) : vide Hut.

Cotton, ru,i, f. (raw) : suti kaprd : sut, m. (for sewing) ; kapds, m. (growing). 1100

Couch, koch, m., Eng. ;vide Sofa.

Cough, khdnsnd : dhdnsnd (of a hard dry cough) : khdhsi and dhdnsl, subs.

Council, kaunsal, i., Eng. ; majlis, f .; sabhd, f.

Counsel, vide Advice, Advocate, Consultation; apnd bhed chhupdnd (to

keep one's own counsel).

Count, ginnd ; gintl k.;shumdr k.

;hisdb k. (of numbers): samajhnd, jdnnd,

ginnd and shumdr men Idnd (consider, esteem).

Countenance, rup, m.; sural, f. {lit. appearance) ; shakl, f. {lit. form^ (face

q.v.) : chihra na-badalnd (to keep one's countenance).

Counteract, asar rokyid or kdind : ulid asar ddlnd.

Counterfeit, bandwail ja'lT; naqli: vide False and Forged.

Countermand, hukm pher-lend : vide Cancel.

Countermine, surang ke niche surang lagdnd ; surang dar surahg lagdnd.

Countless, an-ginat ; be-gintl ;be-shumdr

;be-hisdb.

Country, des, m.; mulk, m.

; vildyat, f . : zamin, f. (land) : dihdt (as opposedto town) ; desl, adj. (as opp. to foreign) : dihdti, adj. (as opp. to town).

Countryman, desl-bhd,i or ham-watan (fellow ) : vide Rustic, Rude,Villager.

Couple, jord, m., or jujt (male and female) : jori {two, as horses in a carriage ;

irrespective of sex).

Couplet, ek shi'r, m., or bait, f.; dohd, ra., Hindi.

Courage, bahdduri ;marddnagi : dilerl di.r\d jur,at, f. (also = boldness) ;himmat

(heart, i.e., courage, perseverance, magnanimity, enterprise) ;dildvarl.

Courageous, bahddur; dildvar : himmatwdld : jawdn-mard (full of manly

qualities, i.e., brave, generous, nobly o^mhitiou^ = hausale-wdld) : ditchala (adventurous) ; vide Hero.

Course, vide Way, Path, Race-course : raftdr, f.; chdl, f. : bahd,o, m. (of a

river) : tariqa or dhang ikhtiydr karnd (procedure to adopt) : albatta

(certainly, of course): aur kyd (what else; of course): hdn (but ofcourse

; stay) : puchhne kl kyd hdjat {= of course) : tdzi ko khargosh par

daurand {—with greyhounds) : vide Menses.

COU 40 CRA

Court, pddshdh ka durbar (royal) : rdj-darbar (of a Raja): kachahri, f. (of

law) : 'addlat, f. (of justice : darhdrl kapfd (Court-dress).

Court, to, lafUyl md-lend (court a quarrel) : maut kl taldsh men rahnd (tocourt death) : apne pd,on men ap kulhdfi marnd— apnl jaf dp khodnd

(court disaster) : vide Seek and Woo : darhdr-ddri karnd (to court bigofficials, to lobby).

Courteous, hare akhldq kd (civil, spec, of high people) : d,o-hha^at kd.

Courtesy, vide Favour, Kindness.

Courtier, darhdr-ivdlu : vide Flatterer.

Courtyard, diigan, m.; sahriy m.

Cousin, chacherd'bkd,i, m., and chacherl bahan (children of brothers), andkhalerd bhd'i, etc. (children of sisters) : [there are many words for

children of father's sister, mother's brother, etc., etc.].

Covenant, qaul qardr, m. (k.) and 'ahd paimdn, m. (k.) (mutual ;written or

oral) : likhd parht, f. (k,) (written) : vide Promise.

Cover, dhdhknd and dhdnpnd (with either cloth or solid cover) : urhdnd, tr.

(with a sheet;for persons or a statue) : vide Roof, Thatch, Spread (of

clouds) : topi pahannd, pagri bdndhnd or sir dhdnpnd (of the head) :

charhnd intr. and charhdnd caus. (of animals) and sdnd chhornd (of

horses, oxen, camels) ;lend jurnd (of dogs) : vide Conceal and Overlay.

Cover, dhaknd (gen. ;also a lid of a box

; may be a fixture) : chapni, f. (for

eartlien pots; not a fixture) ; sar-posh (gen. but not a fixture) : dr, f.

(shelter from fire or cover from view); bachd,o, m. and pandh, f., and

rok, f. (shelter): kifdzat, f. (shelter, protection) ;vide Screen : jild^ f.

and dafti, f. (of a book) : ghildf, m. (for boxes, pillows ;sheath of a

sword).

Coverlet, razd,^, i. (stuffed with cotton wool;can also be worn) : lihdf, m.

(ditto, but heavier and for bed only = bdJd-posh) : orkne kl chddar (asheet used as a covering for the body).

Covet, kd Idlachk. : and tama' (f.) k. (the goods of another) : havas (f.)

or Mrs (f .)k. (to desire more) : Compare Envy and Greed.

Covetous, Idlachl; hirst.

Covey, jhund (big or small), and gol, m. (gen. of a large number of beasts,

birds, or men).

Cow, gd,e: gobar, m. [cow-dung) and upld, m. (dried for burning): ahir

and gwdld (Hindu cowherds) : gujar (Muslim ditto in Panjab) : gau-sdldcowhouse.

Coward, rfar-poA; ; buz-dil ( goat-hearted) : nd-mard (also-impotent) : thur-

dild : bhagord (a runaway) : kam-himmat (of no heart ; vide Courage).

Cowardice, dar-pok-pan ; buz-dili ; nd-mardl ; thur-dild-pan ; kam-himmati :

bhagord-pan (habit of running away).

Cower, tnde Crouch.

Coxcomb, vide Cock and Comb and Fop : Akarfun Khdn (a conceited fel-

low).

Crab, kekrd: mrtdn, Ar. (also Cancer the disease, and the sign of the Zodiac).

Crabbed, kifa makaurd likhnd (of writing).

Crack, bdl, m. (in glass): darz, m. (in a wall): shigdf, m. (ditto; also = a

cut).

CRA 41 CRE

Crack, to, phornd (a nut) :—men bal ddlnd, tr. (of glass, etc.), and intr.—men hot par-jdnd ovd-jdnd: shaqq k. and h. (of wall) : kord chatkhdnd

(to crack a whip) : bijli karaknd, intr. (of thunder) ; [dp mufhl parkarakie kyun hain = ^\\y are you roaring at me ?].

Cracked, hdl pard hujd (of glass) : phutd (of a coin).

Cradle, jhuld (also = swing) : poind (suspended ).

Craft, ^kdm m.; hirfa (manual, but Mrfat "cunning") : hunar (art

Craftiness, j and craft): pesha (profession) dhandhd (ditto); ruhdh-hdzl

(foxiness) ;chdl-hdzl (trickery) ; vide Deceit, Fraud, Cunning.

Craftsman, kdri-gar ;hunar-mand ; ustdd.

Crafty, Mrfail ; ruhdh-hdz; chdUhdz (tricky) : wc?e Cunning.

Cram, thunsnd (to cram into) : galiifdnd (to feed by hand; as horses,

fowls) :— dimdgh men thunsnd (of knowledge, by force) : thunsd-thun-

sdkar kMldnd= ndkon men hharnd (to cram small children with food, or

to press food on a guest) : ser karnd (to feed to satisfaction ,not to

surfeit).

Cramp, cMngur, f. (spasm with pain) : ainthan (without pain ;from want of

room).

Cramped, cMngurd hu,d (distorted by pain) : ainthd hud : jagah kl tangi se

merd hadan akar-gayd or ainthd-gayd.

Crane, kulang (the Common Crane): kunj [Aitto in Panjab) : qarqard

(Demoiselle) : sdras (the Sarus) : manjaniq (the instrument).

Crash, dhardkd (of a falhng building).

Crave, vide Implore : mu'dfi ki iltijd karnd (crave pardon).

Craven, piiyal mur^ (lit. beaten Cock ; also met.).

Crawl, rengnd (of snakes or humans) : ghutnon chalnd = hdth pd.on se chalnd

(on all fours) ; vide Creep.

Crazy, bd,old (of people) : sin (sp. from old age).

Creak, mach mack karnd (of carts, etc.).

Cream, mala,I, in Lucknow hdld^i : zardfat kd lutf (the cream of the jest) :

nuqra, ghord (a cream-coloured or albino horse; a "pink" horse).

Crease, jhol, f. (baggines) ; silvat, f. (in cloth) : shikan, f. (in cloth or in

the skin).

Create, paidd k. gen. : hhalq k. (of God only) : ijdd k. (of inanimate

things: also to invent).

Created, majchluq (also subs., f.=: people) ; pi. makhluqdt = a.\l created things.

Creation, khilqat, f. (also the act of) : vide Created.

Creator, paidd karne-wdld : khhdliq.

Creature, vide Animal, Man, etc., and Created: banda khudd kd (prop, of

man only, but Yxilg.= makhluq) : kat-putU (servile creature of,

" wooden

doll"): pichh'lagd (ditto; also a platter-licker of): khdya-bos vulg.

(stronger than either of the former;= bum-sucker, one ready to do any

duty work;= jutl ki Tchdk jhdrne-wdld) : khhush-dmadi tattu (a mean crea-

ture, a general flatterer).

Credible, qdbil-i i'tibdr (of belief): muHabar (trustworthy, of man, or clock,

etc.) : mu'tabar zari'a se (from a credible source of information).

CRE 42 CRO

Credit, vide Belief and Trust : sdkh, f. (mercantile) : i'tibar, m. (gen. of

people ;vide Honour and Reputation : vide Reliance : udhar, adv.

(on credit) : qarz^ m. (loan) : xvuh apnl sdkh kho-haiiha (lie has lost his

mercantile credit) ;vide Commercial : hisdh men jama' k. (to credit,

in an account) : vide Ascribe to.

Creditable, qabiUi taWlf ;sardhne ke qdhil.

Creditor, qarz-hhivdh \/en-c^r Panj.

Credits, lend, m.

Credulous, hhoUi (simple, in a good or bad sense) : zud-bdwar : kanpatld or

kdn kd kachcfm ( as regards complaints and tales) : dhul-mul-yaqm.

Creed, kalima (the Muslim profession of faith) : 'aqtda, m. (tenet) : vide

Religion.

Creep, vide Crawl : fmre jt chalnd (move unwillingly) : chunit ki cJidl chalnd

(to move slowly) : khisak-jdnd (steal awa}^).

Crescent, hildl (moon) : hildll jhandd, etc. (ensign of the Turks) : sallb aurhildl (cross and crescent).

Crest, kalgjit (on bird's head; tuft or headdress): choil (of birds; top-knot

;crest of hill) : kahjhi etc. ddr (crested).

Crest-fallen, sir jhukd,e {hu,e) ; dum-dabd,e {hu,e) ;himmat hard hu,d.

Crew, jahdzi, pi.

Cricket, jhtngur, m. (the insect) : ghu,dn, m. (mole-cricket) : kirkit, f. (the

game).

Crier, dhandoryd (municipal) : rau^azzin (paid, in a mosque) : azdn dene*

wdld (gen. ; anyone summoning to prayer).

Crime, jurm, m., {k).

Criminal, vide Guilty. Prisoner : mujrimdna (of acts) : fauj-ddrl kd, leg. (as

opposed to diwdni kd) ; faujddri 'addlai (Criminal Court).

Crimson, qirmizi: surkh or Idl (gen. term for reds).

Cringe, farrdshi saldm k. (not necessarily in a bad sense;Lucknow people

always make this saldm) : pd,on parnd (of men) : pd,on men lotnd

(spec, of dogs).

Cripple, I langrd (lame) : ek-tangd, adj. (lame in one leg) : lunjd adj. and

Crippled, ^ subs, (in legs ;but also of whole body) : luld, adj. and subs, (in

hand or arm) : hdth pd,oh se ma'zur polite for apdhaj, subs, and adj. :

(crippled in the whole body).

Crisp, churchurd {or kurkurd) (of eatables); pdparkdsd: [compare Brittle].

Crisis, ndzuk waqt ; jokhon kd waqt.

Criticize, 'aib nikdlnd or hatdnd (of persons or things ;in a bad sense) :

girift k. (of things only).

Croaker, hurd mandne-wdld (always predicting evil) : kal-jibhhd, adj. (onewhose evil predictions generally happen).

Crocodile, magar or magar-machh (long-nosed) : ghariydl, (small-nosed).

Crooked, terhd : bdnkd (also = dandy) : kaj : kham-ddr; bal-ddr (of flexible

things) : terhi berhl gall (long crooked lane or narrow street) : terhd jawdb= terhi berhl bdten.

Crop, fasl, f. ; anRj or ndj^ m. (Ht. grain) : rabi' (Spring crop) Man/ (Autumn): khari kheti (standing crop) : hausala, m., and potd, m. (of bird).

CRO 43 cue

Crop-eared, kan-katd.

Cross, salib (not nee. relig.) : challpd (ditto) : qainchi, subs., and qainchiyd,

adj. and adv., scissors-like cross : am, adj. (oblique or transverse) :

drd-iirchhd (of two things) : talkh-mizdj or karwd-mdzdj ; (in temper) :—se

chirnd or chirhd hu,d hond (to be cross with).

Cross-examination, jirh, f., leg. : her pher-ke puchhnd or pher phdr-ke puchhnd.

Cross-fire, drl tirchhi gola-anddzl : donon taraf se sawdldt ki hauchhdr(—of

questions).

Cross-legged, chdr-zdnu {baithnd).

Crossway, chau-rasta, m. or ckau-rdhd.

Crouch, sutuk-kar baithnd.

Crow, kawwd (the common Indian Crovy) : bdng dend or dzdn dend (of cock).

Crowbar, sdbal, m.

Crowd, bhir: thdth (dense crowd) : logon kd hujum: vide Populace.

Crowded, bdzdr men bhir lagi th%: log khacham-khach bhare hu,e the (denselycrowded).

Crown, tdj (pahndnd) (a sovereign).

Crucify, suli or salib par charhdnd.

Crude, vide Raw, Unripe: be-dh-angd (of opinions).

Cruely sang- dil and be-rahm (of people); wc?e Tyrant: sang-di'ikd and be-

rahmi kd {oi actions, etc.).

Cruelly, be-rahmdna; be-rahmi se.

Cruelty, sang-dili; be-rahmi: vide Tyranny.

Cruet, sirka-ddn.

Crumb, roti kd gudd (as opp. to crust) : vide Piece, Bit.

Crupper, dum-chi.

Crusade, saUbi-jang : jihdd (relig. war of Muslims against non-Muslims).

Crusader, din ke liye larne-wdld gen : mujdhidin, pi., and -jthdzi (of Muslims,latter word is now often used for fanatic).

Crush, dhakkd-pel, m. (of a crowd): dabnd, intr., and dabdnd, tr. : masalnd

(to crush with the heel or rub between the palms; also to tread wine,

dates, etc.) : vide Pound.

Crust, chhilkd (of bread).

Crutch, lathi tek-kar chaltd hai(=lie walks with a crutch).

Cry, chilldnd gen., chikhnd, (of persons; inarticulate) : bolnd or dwdz dendor pukdrnd (to call aloud) : dhdr mdrkar rond (weep aloud) ;

rote

rote andhd hond (any one's eyes out); vide Weep, Lament, Shout :

hdnk mdrnd or lagdnd (of hawkers or beggars) : sadd dend (of begearsat doors) : pukdrke bechnd (of hawker) vide Proclamation : duhd,i dend

(to cry for help) : duhd,i tihd,i dend (to cry repeatedly for help) : vide

Yell: subs, are chikh: chilldhat; dwdz, pitkdr; hdnk, sadd (all fem.),and kuk, f. (the sound of lamentation).

Crystal, billaur or billur, m. (also thick cut glass).

Cubit, hdth.

Cuckold, dayyus (a complaisant cuckold).

cue 44 CUR

Cucumber, kakfi (large) : khira (small).

Cud, jugali k. or pdgur k. (chew ).

Cudgel, sohta bajdna or mama; lathiydna : marj[hz mdrnd ( one's brains).

Cuff, kaf, ra. and f., Ens. (of coat or shirt) : vide Blow.

Cul-de-sac, band gall.

Cull, chunnd.

Culprit, qusur-wdr.

Cultivate, jotrid bond;khetl karnd

;kdsht karnd : vide Till and Sow : wuh

dlu bold Jiai (he cultivates potatoes) : wuh angur ki paiddimr kid kdmkartd hai (he cultivates grapes).

Cultivated, jott bo,t or dbdd zarriin.

Cultivation, kheti; kdsht, f .;dbddl (prop, population); halvdhi (vulg.) :

kisht or kdsht kdrl {k.) (act of ): paiddwdr, i. (produce): w(ie Im-

provement.

CultivsitoT ,kdsht-kdr

;kisdn

; dsdmi; ra'lyai, ra. (but f. = subject) : zamln-

ddr (land-owner and head cultivator).

Culture, iarbiyat, f. (also training).

Cumbersome, \6o;7^a/ (heavy): atal (immovable): ajgar vu\g. (large and

Cumbrous, J cumbersome, lit. a python) ;bhdn laddhar (large and

cumbrous).

Cumulative, sazd dar sazd ( punishment) : slid dar sud ( interest).

Cunning, chdldk (in deed or thought): shdtir (of deed): siydna (also =having reached years of discretion

;in Punjab also clever) : apne kdm

meii hoshydr : chatur; robdh-bdz (foxy) : makkdr (deceitful and tricky) ;

vide Artful, Cunning and Deceitful: subs, are chdldkl; shdtiri; siydn-

pan ; chaturd,t ; robdhbdzi, makkdri.

Cup, piydla and piydll, gen. : katord and katorl (of metal) : kdsa (of metaland shaped like a tumbler).

Cupboard, almdri Por. (also = bookcase and wardrobe) : ni'mat-hhJdna.

Cupola, qubba ;vide Dome.

Curds, dahi (jamdnd).

Curb, vide Bridle and Restrain and Bit.

Cure, fuldn ke 'ildj se achchd hond (of doctor) ;but shifd dend or changd

karnd (of God) : Hldj k. (to treat) : masihd^t^ k. (to make a marvellous

cure;of doctor) : chdra, m. and tadbir, f . (remedy for ill other than

disease) : khot or 'aib dur k. (to cure a defect of character) : vide Treat.

Curious, anuthd and anokhd (peculiar ; also rare) : nirdld (strange, singu-lar ; also pure) ;

vide Wonderful.

Curiosity, vide Rarity : puchh pdchh f. (questioning): rdz-jo,t; bhed lerm v.

Curl, ghunghaVj m. (one curl) : zulf (the locks) : kdkul (curled hair).

Curly, ghunghar vMe bdl or pech-ddr bdl.

Currants, karan, Eng.

Current, dhdr, f. and dMrd, m. (of a river) : bahd,o (flowing) ; chaltd, adj. (of

money) : jdrl adj. (of money or a custom) : mdh-i hdl or rawdn (the

1 The Messiah {Maslh) raised from the dead.

CUR 46 CYC

current month) : is bat kd charchd hai or zahan-zad hai (of story,

rumour) : roz-marre kd hhharch (current or daily expenses) : hdzdrbhd,oor bdzdr kd nirkh (price-current).

Currier, vide Tanner.

Curry, kdrl bhdt, subs.;chamre ki dabdghat karnd, ovchamreko dahdghat dend

(leather) : kharerd k. (of a horse).

Curry-comb, kharerd.

Curse, kosd or kosnd, m. {dend) : bad-du^d, f. (d.) ; phitkdr or la'nat, f. (withdend or bhejnd of man

;but with karnd of God) ;

us par la'nat or phit-

kdr ho(= God's curse on him) : zindagi mujh par wabdl hai (life is a

curse, a plague, to me) : vide Affliction and Calamity.

Cursed, mardud (rejected) and mal'un (cursed) (by God ;of people) : la'nati

(ditto of men or of actions) : kam-bakht (wretched; of people or

places): manhus (ill-omened, detestible; of places or actions or

things) : makruh (objectionable ;of things or actions) : dozahhi or

jahannami (of men, etc. = he will go to hell or is in hell).

Cursory, sarsari nazar ( view). 1250

Curt, akhar jawdb (a rough answer) : takd sd (or rukhd) jawdb (a plain, un-

sympathetic answer) : do tuk j. (a plain yes or no) : danddn shikanj.

(curt and to which there is no reply)• vide Refusal.

Curtailf mukhiasar k, (of speech, etc.) : vide Shorten.

Curtain, parda (a hanging) : masahrt (mosquito )vide Screen and Chiq.

Custodian, rakhwdld; nigdh-bdn ; muhdfiz : vide Keeper.

Custom, dasiur, m.; riwdj, m.

; rit, f.; rasm, f.

; qd'ida, m.;ma'mul m.

;

tariqa ;chalan

; raviya : 'ddai (habit) : vide Fashion, Buying, andGriffin.

Customer, kharlddr and gdhak (buyer).

Custom-house, parmit-ghar, m.

Customs, mahsul, m.; chungi (octroi).

Cut, kdtnd, tr. and katnd, intr. (sp. with knife) : katarnd, tr. (clip with

scissors) : qata' k. (for clothes) : qalam k. (to cut off with one blow;to

clip hedges ;make cuttings) : tardshnd (slice ;

with knife or scissors) :

chhdnind (clip beard, trees, hedges ;also to select ') : kdtnd or kdt-lend

(as a fine) : mujhse usse sdhib saldmat tark hai (we are dead cuts) : tukre

tukre k. (cut or break in pieces) : tumturdq dikhdnd (cut a dash) :

tdsh tardshnd (cut cards) : ddnt nikalnd, intr. (cut teeth) : champat hu,dor chal champat hu,d (cut and run, disappear = cM<a hu,d,'^ chaltd beinghere an adjective) : vide Avoid : kdt, sub. (of clothes or sword); zarb,f . {lagdnd) (a cut or blow with a weapon) : vide Slit

;chhotd rdsta (a

short cut) : kutarnd to gnaw.

Cut-purse, jeb-katrd ; girih-kat.

Cut-throat, gald-kat.

Cutting, diUkhardsh (sarcastic, etc.) : jali kati hdten (cutting words).

Cycle, jug, m. (age) ; qaran, m.

1 Chhant-dena " to select for rejection, to reject"

; but chhant-lena ** to selectand approve.

' '

* For chalta hii.a hv.a.

CYL 46 -•

Cylinder, cJionga ; ncd.

Cylindrical, belan-sd (like a rolling-pin or a roller).

Cymbal, jhdnjh, m.

Cypher, aifr; sunndr H.

Cypress, sarv.

DDagger, khanjar, m. (curved) : chhurd, m. (a straight knite;.

Dacoit, ddku : ddkd or dahait%, dacoity.

Dainty, nazdkat-pasand (fastidious, q.v.) ; ni'maten or maze maze ted khdnd^dainties.

Dam, hand, m. (bdndhnd).

Damage, nuqsdn, m. {h.) ; nuqsdn uthdnd (to suffer loss or damage) : zarar,m. {pahunchdnd tr.) : harjdna (legal damages): vide hosa: ddmis mJdl^

Eng. corr. (damaged goods in a shop).

Damp, rutubat, f .; sll, f.

; namlj f. : WAirtuh or slid or nam, adj. {k).

Dance, ndchnd, v., general : nach, m. ; bat, Eng. (ball).

Dandy, bdnkd (also= fop) : ranglld, effeminately foppish.

Danger, khatra : jdn kd andesha (danger to, fear of, one's life) : vide Riskand Fear : hhatar-nak, dangerous : muhlik (destructive to life) : jdnjokhon subs. (

—to life ; vide Risky).

Dappled, gul-ddr.

Dare, to, jur^at k. ; dileri k.

Dark, andherd, adj^.and sub., {k.) ; tdrik, adj. {k.) : gahrd, or siydM mR,il

(of colours); tdriki, subs, (darkness) : vide Dim.

Darling, Iddld, m. and Idili, f,subs, or adj. : Iddo /. (to wife or mistress) :

dnkhoh kl putll, gen., (lit. pupil of the eyes) : mert jdn ! (in address;lit. my life!).

Dart, to, jhapatnd (as a snake;also to pounce upon as a kite

; spring

upon as a tiger ;rush at as in a charge) .

Dash, pataknd (on to the ground) : de-murn^, gen. (to dash against anything,or on to the ground); us kl ummeden khak men mil-ga,in, his hopeswere dashed to the ground : baghair ku,d

^

khd,l dekhe-bhdle, andhddhund

chald-gayd, he dashed madly along : usmen phurti aur dileri nahirij"he has no dash."

Date, tdrtkh, f. {charhdnd) : tdnkh-tudr, adv., arranged according to dates :

chhimrd'^ (dried) ;khurmd or Tchajur, gen.

Daub, chopnd or thopnd (of any thick stuff) : chhdpd dend (ink or blood) :

lesnd, tr., to smear smoothly with the hand : lathefnd, tr. (or laihafnd

intr.) to smear irregularly : lipnR, to smooth with water, or thin colour,or liquid mud, but in the Panjab = kah-gil karnd.

Daughter, beti: vide Girl.

Dawdle, vaqt ganwdnd or bar-bdd karnd (to waste time).

Dawn, pau phatrid, v. : paw-phate, adv. (at dawn).

'

city or c>ty- * biH*" o^ \)^^^^'

DAY 47 DEC

Day, din (of daylight ;also twenty-four hours) : roz (twenty-four hours) :

dthon pahar (eight watches, i.e. twenty-four hours) : rat din (day and

night) : hhiyall pild,o (pakdnd)—day-dream or castle-in-the-air.

Dead, murda {&> corpse, q.v. ;also past partic.) : he-jdn (without life = us

mm dam nahm) : gayd guzrd (= dead and gone) : murda zahdn (a dead

language).

Deadly, jdn-levd (of enemy or poison) : kdrl (of wound ; effective) : muhlik

(of disease).

Deaf, bahrd {k) : bahrd-pan, m. (deafness) : gungd-bahrd, a deaf-mute.

Deal,—kd kdr o bdr k. (deal in) :

—se mu'dm/xla k. or len den k. (to have

trading transactions with) : mujhe us se sar o kdr nahm, I have no

dealings with him : do-rangi , double-dealing.

Dear, manhgd or mahngd ; giran (high-priced) : pydrd ;'

aziz (beloved) :

^aziz rakhnd (to hold dear) : mahngi (dearness), and manhgd, i (com-

pensation for dearness) : girdni (dearness) : dg ke moZ, adv. (very dear).

Dearly, khoke sikhi hu,i bat, dearly-bought experience.

Death, maut, f.; marg, f.

;wafdt (completion of days) : intiqdl (passing ;

of

personages).

Debar, mahrum k. ; vide Disappoint.

Debauchee, 'ayydsh : luchchd (of common people only) ; randt-bdz, woman-izer; luchchdpan, randi-bdzi, subs.

Debris, wMbd.

Debt, qarz, m. ; vdm, m.; pdnE or pd,ond (debts due to

, outstanding debts;

us kd mere hdn pd,ond hai, I have to pay him) : qarz men dubd hu,d

(over head and ears in debt) : qarz add k, or chukdnd (pay off debts).

Debtor, qarz-ddr, subs, and adj.

Decadence, vide Decline.

Decamp, to, chupke se bhdg-jdnd.

Decapitate, vide Behead.

Decay, bosida hond, gen. : galnd, to melt (of corpses, meat; soft fruits,

etc.) : bigarnd, gen., to spoil : vide Decline.

Deceased, vide Late : jautl^ Panj.

Deceitful, dml-bdz or clmliyd : ja'liyd (a forger of documents or oral char-

ges) ; farebi : thag (professional cheat) : hila-bdz (artful).

Deceive, dhokhd '

dend, gen. (a mild term) : thagnd (to cheat) : dam dend (to

promise and not perform) : fareb derid : sabz bdgh dikhdrm (to deceive

by specious promises) : dhokhe men parnd, to deceive oneself.

Decency, shdyistagl (good behaviour) : vide Modesty.

Decide, faisala k. (judgment) : vide Umpire : kdmil decided (of victory ,

etc.) ;vide Decided.

Decided, |hdr jit ki lard.i (decisive battle) : qata'l (of answer, opinion) :

Decisive, ] kdmil perfect ;vide Decide.

Declaration, i'ldn, m. {k) (proclamation) :— ku izhdr k.

;vide Statement.

Decline, dhalnd (of sun or day) : sard-bdzdri (of trade) ;karni (of fever) :

tanazzul or zawdl (of a nation) : vide Refuse.

1 Dhokha m. deceit, delusion, disappointment ; a false appearance, a scare-crow.

DEC 48 DEF

Decorate, drasta k. (gen.; of people or things): zinat dend (decorate with—; of things) : sajdnd (to set in order).

Decoy, videCo&x and Ensnare ; ghdt men land (—into an ambush) :

—kd Idlach

dend or dikhdnd (by exciting greed) : Idtud (decoy-bird) ;buldrd (call-

birds).

Decrease, ka7n k. or h. ; ghatnd and gJiatdnd : kanii, ghatl subs.

Decree, vide Order, Regulation, Law : digri, Eng. (pdnd) leg. : digrt jdr% k.,

enforce a decree of Court: digri-ddr, decree-holder.

Decry, burd kahrm, 'aib lagdnd (to decry): *aib-gtrl k. (point but faults;criticize unfavourably): kam-qadxir k. (lessen the value, of persons):vide Defame.

Deduce, natlja nikdlnd.

Deduct, vide Cut and Subtract.

Deed, kdr ; kdm ; kiyd ; kartut (gen. of bad deeds) vide Action.

Deep, (/afem (^.) (of water; wells; colours; thoughts; sleep): dungd{k.) {oi

water; wells): dvhd,o (deeper than_ one's stature; of water only) :

durkd (of people or thoughts) : nicJm (low, of valley) : hMri (of voice :

also of cold in the voice) : lamhi chauri tadbtren = chhipi hu ,i tad-

hiren (deep-laid plans) : jar pakard hu d (deeply rooted).

Deer, hiran or harnd, m. and hirni,

f. (Black-buck or Indian Antelope):

2)ari^ (hog-deer) : cJ^*toZ, axis deer : bdrah-singhd, and sdmbhar (large

stags): gronrf (swamp-deer) : chikdra (gSizelle).

Defame, bad-ndm k. ; vide Calumny.

Defaulter, bdqi-ddr, in money matters (gen. ;not bad sense).

Defeat, hardnd (cause to lose): bhagdnd (cause to run away; : hEr, f. or

shikast, f. {dend) : zak f. (dmd) (a reverse).

Defect, 'aib, m. : naqs (spec, original) : nuqsdn (injury, acquired imperfec-

tion) : vide Fault and Deficit.

Defective, ndqis (gen.= unserviceable, spoilt) : nd-tamdm (not complete, or

not completed to the end).

Defence, bachd,o (k.) mil. and leg. : apnt jdn bachdne ke liye (in self-

defence) .

Defenceless, be-hathydr (without arms or defence) : be-pandh (without a

defender) .

Defend, himdyat k. (by words ;also to back up) : muqdbala k. (oppose, in

fight) : vide Protect.

Defensive, daf'karnd or rok karnd (to act on the defensive) .

Deference, lihdz, k.

Deficient, kam hond (to be —): umh 'aql men kam (or ndqis) hai = wuh 'aql

kd kachcJm hai.

Defile, darra, P. : ghdti Hindi.

Defile, to, palld k. gen.; nd-pdk k. (spec, relig.).

Deformed, 'aib-ddr : — men 'aib hai.

Defraud, dabd-rakhnd (of rights or money) : haqq mdrnd (of rights).

Defy, anguthd dikhdnd, coll. (to a person's face)• ' tum kis khet kl muli ho? '

kahnd : vide Disobey, Despise: muqdbale ko khard hond (to get readyto fight).

DEG 49 DEN

Degrade, darje se uidrna or girdna (in rank) : zalil k. (dishonour q.v.) :

nazar men chotd hond (to be degraded).

Degree, darja (of thermometer, Earth, etc.;

also a step, rank) : digrl,

Eng. (thermometer; university; also legal decree).

Deign, us ne jawdh dend apni sTmn se bdhar samjhd (he did not deign to

answer me).

Delay, der karnd or lagdnd : dhtl k. or d. to be remiss.

Delicacy, mizuki or nazdkat, gen., (of constitution, material, face, mode of

expression, voice, limbs): ni'mat, f. (for the table; also a blessingsuch as hawd, etc.).

Delegate, vakil handnd : apnd ikhtiydr dusre ko dend.

Deliberately, soch bichdr-ke.

Delicate, ndzuk.

Delicious, lazlz ; maze-ddr,

Delight,—• se hazz utlvdnd or lend

; hdgh bdgh hond (to be delighted).

Delightful, dil-kash (of poems, etc., people, places, small animals).

Delinquent, qusur-wdr.

Deliver, chhutkdrd dend (to free, q.v.) : vide Intrust : Commit, Give : Hspich^

(f.) or likchar (m.) dend^ (of speech or lecture) : jannd, tr. and intr.,

but without ke or ko (give birth to).

Delivery, supurdagi, hawdlagi (surrender, entrusting) : bolneki add (manner 1350

of speaking) : taqsim (of letters, etc.).

Delirious, baktd hai.

Deluge, Nuh kd tufdn (Noah's—) : vide Flood.

Delusion, dhokd, gen. : shikar (or dhoke) ki tatti {\it. fig.) anything assumed,as a long beard, to trick or delude people.

Demand, mdngnd (ask for) : talab k. (require;) : mutdlaba k. (demand, of a

claim): da'wa k. (claim) : vide Dun: mdng, f. (of an article of com-

merce, sale).

Demean, main us se bolkar apnd rutba kam nahm karnd chdhtd (I don't

want to demean myself by talking to him).

Demeanour, — kl anddz se, m. ;waza'

,f.

Demerit, 'aib o hunar, merits and demerits; haqq yd nd-haqq (of a claim).

Demolish, girdnd, gen. (to knock down) : dhdnd (to knock down buildings).

Demoralization, atwdr kd bigdr (of character).

Demur, {is ke sach mdnne men mujhe) ta^ammul hai.

Den, cjhdr. m. (any cave) : mdnd, m. (of large beasts) : akhdrd (of black-

guards, in a city or highway ;lit. wrestling-place arena) : baithak, f.

(any sitting place) : thdn, f. (a horse-stall or standing ;also a lurking

place of ghosts or of evil people).

Dense, ghand (of jungle, forest, hair, population, etc.).

Deny, inkdr, m. {k.) ; n^hm, f. {k) : rm-manzur, k. (a request) : jt ko mdrnd

(to deny oneself in small matters).

1 F*de Supplement, "Stumbling-Blocks,'* XIX.

DEP 50 DES

Depart, chala-jand ; taahrif le-jdnd (polite) :— ko chhornd :

* vide*

Start,Adieu, Die :

— se munh mofna or phernd (to deviate from).

Department, lYiahkama^ m.;for Education generally sar-rishta.

Depend, — par bharosd (or Vtibdr) karnd or rakhnd (on people or things) :

7nerd jdnd tumhdre sdth chalne par mauquf hai (my going depends on

your accompanying, etc., {mauquf, also = adjourned ; abolished; dis-

missed; stopped).

Dependent, mere sir bahut se log hain (many are dependent on me for a liv-

ing) : —kd muhtdj hoiid (not to be able to do without; vide Destitute).

Deplore, — par afsos karnd :* vide

'

Weep.Deport, shahr badar karm (for a city) :

—se nikdlnd.

Deposit, amdnat, f. (rakhnd) : )ama* karnd, to deposit money in a bank.

Depreciation, vide. Decry.

Depredation, lut-rmr, f. (k.) : lut khasot, f.

Deprive, haqq lend or chhinnd, gen. (justly or unjustly) ; hdqq rmrnd or da-

bdnd or be-haqq karnd (unjustly) ; vide Defraud : jdn lend(— of life) :

mahrum k. (of an expectation).

Deputation, deputeshan, m. Eng.

Depute, mukhtdr bandnd.

Depth, gahrdyl : vide Deep.

Deputy, dipti ; ndyib.

Derange, abtar zabtar karnd (upset, confuse).

Derail, patrl se utdrnd, ; [patrl, is a dim. form of pattl, a strip].

Deride, — ki hanst urdnd (persons or things) : kisi par hansnd.

Derision, — kl jag-hansd,'i hona or karnd (public derision) :— bans par

charhdnd (to hold up to derision).

Derogatory, mert shd^n ke khildf hai ki — (it is derogatory to my dignity to—;= is men be-waqari hai ki— )

: vide Ridicule.

Descend, utarnd ; niche dnd (to come down) : virdsat or tarke men milna

(as an inheritance).

Descent, utdr, utard,t (any declivity ; opposed to chafhd^i).

Describe, hdl likhnd ; baydn karnd : —H shakl khinchnd (a figure).

Deserts, registdn (sandy) : sahrd ; virdn mulk (desolate country) but sahrd,i

mulk (desert country) : biydbdn (wilderness).

Desert, v., bhdgnd; firdr hond (for firdrl hond) ; firdr karnd :' vide' Abscond.

Deserter, bhagord ; firdrl.

Deserve, — kd mustahiqq hond (gen, in a good sense) :

Design, naqsha khinchnd (draw the plan) : khdka (rough sketch) : matlab

or maqsad (object, intention q.v.).

Designation, laqab (also title).

Desire, Jchwdhish k., vide Long and Wish.

Desist, — se bdz dnd : [but — se bdz rahnd = to forbear from —].

Despair, yds, f. or ma^yusi ,f. :— se m^^yus hond, or — se yds ho-jdnd :

vide Disappointment.

Desolate, virdn ; ujdf.

DES 51 Die

Despatch, daurand (of people, and met. of things) : vide Kill.

Despise, haqir or na-chiz samajhnd ; hiqdrat ki nazar se dekhnd.

Despot, jdbir ;' vide

'

Tyrant.

Destitute, muhtdj: vide Dependent.

Destroy, harbdd k. (ruin) : vide Demolish : mitii men mild-dend (of money,armies, hopes, plans).

Detach, alag or judd k. :' vide

'

Select. 1400

Detachment, dasta (body) : ta'ylndti, subs, and adj.

Detail, tafsU, f. :

' vide'

Relate : tafsil-wdr, adv., or mufassal, adj. andadv. (in detail).

Detain, rok-rakhnd, tr. and ruk-rahnd, intr. (spec, for a short time).

Detect, dekh-pdnd (to see in the act) : vide Trace.

Detection, hdl zdhir Tiond.

Detective, tiktiki-wdld, Eng., vulg. : Tchufya polis.

Deter, bdz rakhnd : vide Stop and Forbid.

Deteriorate, khardb hond (go bad) :— kd asar kam hond (of drugs, etc).

Determination, pakkd irdda {k.) : tajviz, f. (k.) (to plan).

Determined, wuh jdne par tuld hu,d hai kisi ke roke [se] ruk nahm saktd

(he's determined to go, none can stop him).

Dethrone, tahht se utdrnd : [gaddl se utdrnd, of Rajah].

Devastate, virdn k.

Deviate, — se phirnd.

Device, hikmat, f. (contrivance) : dhokd (trick, etc., q,v.) : vide Plan.

Devil, Shaytan (any evil devil;also Satan) : Shaytdn ke kdn kdtnd (to sur-

pass the Devil) : Shaytdnl machdnd (to play the devil, act ill) :

qiydmat bar pd k. (to make the devil of a noise or fuss, lit. or met.) :

shaytdn ki dnt (lit the Devil's guts, i.e. anything interminably long or

wearisome).

Devolve, to, yih mere sir paregd, this will devolve on me.

Devote, lagdnd (of time) ; vide Busy : man apne bachche par fidd hai or

nisdr hai (the mother is devoted to her child) : Khudd ki rdh mendend, ro vaqf k. (bequeath or devote for religious purposes ;

andmet. of time, money, energy).

Devour, harap kar-jdnd, lit. or met. : phdr-khdnd (of wild beasts only).

Devourer, khd,u (also embezzler).

Devout, namdzl (Muslim) : dharmi (Hindu).

Dew, OS, f. ; shab-nam, f. (parnd).

Dexterity, tezdastl or dast-chaldki : vide Activity, Skill and Expertness.

Dialect, bhdkhdy f.

Dialogue, guft o gu : suwdl jawdb.

Diamond, hird., m. ; almds, m. : hire kl anguthi (diamond ring).

Diarrhoea, dast, m. {dnd).

Dice, pdsd, sing., and pdse, pi. ;there are generally three.

Die 62 DIS

Dictate, main pafhtd (or batata) jdtd hun turn likhte jd,o (I'll dictate to

you) : vide Order.

Dictionary, lugAat^ f. (but masc. = a word).

Die, vide Dice: chhap, i. or naqsh, m. (with device for stamping): mar-

jdnd, V. gen. : sidhdrnd or guzarnd (polite) : wafdt pdnd (of superiors) :

dnkh band k. (lit. to close the eyes) : dam nikal-jdnd (expire): jdn dend

(give up Ufe) : sukh-jdnd (of trees or plants) : jawdni maut marnd (die

prematurely) : vide Death :— kd khdtima hond (die out).

Diet, gAiz^y f. • parhezl khdna khdnd, to be on a diet : Idiurdkiy (diet-

money).

Difference, rdt din kd farq = zamin o dsmdn kd farq : unnis bis kd farq

(shght—

): tafdvmt, f. : nd-ittifdqi (of opinion ; discord in family, etc.).

Different, juddjvdd (h.) ; alag alag : be-mel (don't match) : yih aur hai, aurivuh aur = yih judd haif umh judd hai, (quite unlike) : vide Various :

ek dusre se na-milnd (to be —).

Difficult, mushkilj also subs. f. : sakht (hard) : bhdri (important) : vids

Straits: mar-inar-kar (with the greatest difficulty) : Allah Allah karke,

gen. (with the greatest difficulty).

Diffuse, phaildnd : phaild,o^ subs.

Dig, khodrid : khodkar nikdlnd (dig out) : khodkar rasta nikdlnd (to dig

through) : munshi se khod khod ke matlab nikdlnd (to dig information

out of a munshi).

Digest, hazm karnd and pachdnd, lit. and met.: hdzima^ digestion.

Digger, bel-ddr, prof, (one who uses a bel or spade ; for bel, the word

phd.ord is used): gor^kan (grave-digger) : vide Badger.

Dignity, meri shdn (or ruibe' ' rank

")

A;e Ichildf hai ki— it is infra dig for

me to — : vaqdr, m. (of appearance).

Dilapidated, raddi hdlat men (of persons or things) : bosida (of buildings ;

vide Decayed) : yih makdn hawd men doltd hai.

Diligent, mihnati.

Dim, maddham {k.) (for light : vide Colour) : dhundhld or maddham jalnd

(of lamp ; dhundhld also used of sight, or of glass).

Dine, khdnd khdnd (or causal —khildnd).

Dinner, rdt kd khdnd,.

Direct, vide Straight and Exact : ek dam se, or bald bdld (without interven-

tion ; in submitting petitions).

Dirt, mxiil, m. : gandagi filth : maild, adj. ; gandd, adj.

1450 Disabled, nikammd {hond, karnd) lit. useless.

Disadvantage, nap nuqsdn — burd,i bhald.i, advantages and disadvan-

tages ;vide Defect.

Disaffected,— se badrdil {h. or k.).

Disagree, mizdj ke muwdfiq nahtn (of food):_main tumhdri rdy se muwdfiq

nahm hun or — rdy se ittifdq nahtn kartd hun, vide Discord.

Disallow, jd,iz or rawd na-rakhnd (of a Pay Examiner cutting your pay).

Disappear, ghd,ib hond, gen. : nazar se jdtd rahnd—hom sight : kdfur ho-

jdnd, to disappear suddenly (of persons or things).

DIS 53 DIS

Disappoint, na-ummed karnd, to deprive of expectation : as tornd (moreforcible) : apnd-sd munh lekar chald-jdnd (or baithd-rahnd

,to be dis-

appointed ;with an idea of being shame-faced) : main dp kl muldqdt

ko dyd thd lekin mahrum phir-gayd^ 1 came to see you, but returned

disappointed (Ht. excluded).

Disapprove, nd-pasand karnd.

Disaster, vide Calamity : musibat-angez, (disastrous).

Disband, tornd.

Disburden, dil kd bojh halkd karnd = dil se hojh utdrnd (of the mind) :—se

suhuk-dosh k. (of a duty) : vide Relieve.

Discharge, chhornd (of firearms, arrows) : vide Dismiss : chukdnd, addkarnd, ov be-bdq karnd (debts) : vide Fertorm and Pour : naukari chhor-

nd or jawdb lend (to obtain discharge, of a servant).

Discipline, ta'lim, f . (instruction) : intizdm, m. (arrangement) : vide Drill.

Disclaim, da'wa se hdth uthdnd.

Discomfort, taklif, f. ; dukh, m.

Discontent, nd-rdzi ; bad-dill ; apnl qismat se khush nahtn (discontented bynature) ;

naukari-se bad-dil (doesn't like his job).

Discord, nd-ittifdqi or an-ban (want of concord) ; phut^ m. (a general split,of a number) ; bigdr, m. (disagreement between two, or more).

Discourage, dil tornd (dishearten) ; be-dil k. or past-himmat k. (discourage,

slightly dishearten) ;

—kd rawd-ddr na-hond, or —kd rdzl na-hond (—

acts) : vide Disheartened.

Discover, darydft kar-lend (for abstract things ;but darydft karnd, to in-

quire) : paid or surdgh lagdnd, gen.

Discreet, pet kd bhdri (does not repeat things ; opp. to pet kd halkd).

Discuss, —par bahs (f .) karnd.

Disease, bimdri ; marz, m.;muhlik bimdri (deadly

—). jdn jokhon ki

bimdri (a critical illness) : chhut ki bimdri (contagious—

).

Disgrace, be-Hzzat karnd; apni Hzzat khond(—

oneself); ruswdj,, f,, be-

'izzati, f., bad-ridmi, f.

Disgraceful, sharm ki bdt ; ma'yub. Vide Bad, Mean.

Disguised, bhes badalkar : faqiron ke bhes men = faqir banke (disguised as a

faqir).

Disgust, ghin, f. {dnd and lagnd) (at filth of concrete things) ; ghind,ond

adj., gen. (causing disgust). ^^gj^^

Dish, rikdbi, gen., (a largish plate) ; bartan, gen., (utensil) : qdb m. (a big

Disheartened, dil chotd hond : vide Discourage.

Dishonest, be-imdn (also = be-din) ; bad-diydnat ; bad-nlyat (in intention) :

hdth-chdldk (of petty thefts, of servants) ; khd,u (but petit glutton)

stronger than previous ;embezzler etc. : mu'dmah kd khotd (in tran-

sactions).

Dislike,—se chirnd (great) : gawdrd na-karnd or hond (of abstract things).

Disloyal, bad-khwdh or sar-kash (of subjects).

Dismayed, satsatdnd, to be confounded, q.v. : vide Fear.

Dismiss, jawdb dend = naukari se nikdlnd ; mauquf k. (of respectable

people ;also to adjourn and abolish) : bar taraf k.

DIS 64 DOC

Disobedient, na-farman, adj.; na-farmdni, subs.

Disorder, ulat pulat (k.) (all upside down) : gad-mad, adj. (k,) (in confusion

all mixed) : had-inti^aml or be-tarttbt (no system or management).

Disparage, —kt ht-qadarl karnd (to run down by words).

Dispensary, dawd-khdna ; [kampaundar, Eng. ,a dispenser of English medi-

cine].

Disperse, tittar bitlar k. (an army, etc.) ;tin terah nau atthdra hond (as

members of a family).

Display, amtrt jatldnd (show off wealth, be ostentatious) :—kd diklidvd k. ;

{diklidvd also means hypocrisy, false pretence).

Displease, nd-rdz karnd ; ranjidd karnd.

Disprove, jhutd karnd; gh,alat ihahrdnd.

Disqualify, nd-qdhil ihahrdnd.

Dissension, vide Discord, Quarrel, Disturbance.

Dissipate, urd-ddlnd ; khdk or milti men mildnd (also to destroy) ;tin terah

karnd (spend foolishly).

Dissuade, samjhdnd (also to persuade, remonstrate, console) ;

—phernd.

Vide Forbid, Stop.

Distance; durt ; fdsila ; ptchhe chhornd^ to distance.

Distant, dur kd (but dur without a noun).

Distinguish, farq pahchdnnd or nikdlnd or hatdnd ; tamiz k. (discriminate) ;

mumtdz k. (to honour q.v.). Vide Famous and Notorious.

District, 'ildqa (of undefined limits).

Disturbance, rauld {machdnd) (commotion with noise) ;khalbali (confu-

sion in a city or house) ; danqd fasdd (of two or more; broil).

Ditch, khd.i, f. ; khandaq, m.

Dive, ghota mdrnd or lagdnd (also purposely to duck oneself) ; gAota khdnd

(of unintentional duckings) •, dubkl mdrnd or lagdnd (to duck oneself,or to dive of water-birds, but not to dive from a height).

Divert, Diversion, dil bahldnd ; dil-lagi {k.) (also = a joke) ;khel (game,

play) : bahldvd (sp. for children). Vide Please, Delight.

Diverting, tamdshe kd.

Divide, bdntnd ; taqsim karnd. Vide Separate; nifdq or phut ddlnd, to

cause dissension, q.v.

Divulge, kholnd ; fash karnd (a secret) : bat ugalnd {vide Vomit).

Dizzy, sir men chakkar arm, or sir ghumrid ; sir /phirnd (gen. metaphori-

cally, as tumhJdri baton se merd sir phir-gayd).

Do, karnd; 'vide' Perform, Work, Finish, etc., etc.;

is par guzdrd kar-

saktd hun (I can do with this) ;us se mujhe sar o kar nahin = us se

mujhe ta'alluq nahin (I have nothing to do with it, or him) : is ke

ha-gkair merd kdm chal-jd,egd (I'll do without it).

Docile, gharlb.

Doctor, daktar (of Eng. medicine) ; hakim, generally Muslim, (of Greek

medicine) ; baid, Hindi! (of Hindu medicine).

Doctrine, ta'llm, f. (the act of teaching); 'aqida, m. (what is taught; also

tenet).

DOD 55 DOZ

Dodge, to, hhali dena (a blow, etc.) ; katra-kar nikal-jana (to evade by dodg-

ing and hiding) ;idhar se udhar uchakta phirna (to dodge about from

place to place) ; [uchaknd, to leap up in the air].

Dog, kuttd, m.;and kutti or kutiyd (bitch) ; apni gall men kuttd bht slier

hai—Prov. : dur ho kuttd kahih kd (get out you dog) ;makkhi ki ntnd

{— dog-sleep) ;kutte kl chdl (dog-trot) : kutte ki maut marnd (to die a

dog's death) : unt ki pakar {= a grip like a bull-dog).

Doleful, roni surat (of appearance) = is ki muharrami paidd^ish maHumhoti hai ; wahshat-ndk (of tunes).

Dome, gumhaz (large) : vide Cupola.

Domestic, khdnagi (also subs. = a common low whore) : gharelu (of animals).

Domiciled, ghar handkar rahnd.

Donation, chandu^ m., vulg.. in this sense; prop, subscription q.v. : ma-

dad, f.

Donkey, gadhd, lit. and met.

Doom, vide Sentence; qismat kd faisala k. (sealed his doom) : uski qismat

men likhd ihd (doomed).

Door, darwdza, gen., (or doorway ;also gateway and gate of a city) ; dar,

m.; kiwdr, m.

,the door itself: chul, f., the pivot {q.v.) of a door that

acts as a hinge : ghar men, in-doors : haghal ke makdn men, nextdoor = merd ghar us ke ghar se lagd hu ,d hai.

Dote, satydnd (to be past sixty and so to dote) : kisi kl muhabbat menandhd hond (to be foolishly fond of

;andhl muhabbat, doting affec-

tion).

Double, duna or dugnd (k.) ; do chand (k.) ; do itrm {k.)—all gen. : dabal,

Eng., twice the size as, dabal roll, dabal kuch, etc. : dohd [k.) (twicefolded

;also of abstract things = double) : dohrdnd (to double

;also

to repeat) : du-ranga, or dv^bhesiyd (deceitful).

Double-barrelled, do-nall or do-rmli.

Double-dealing, do-bhesiyd-pan ; do-rangl.

Double-entendre, do-ma' niyd, adj.

Double-tongued, us ke munh men do zabdn— .

Doubt, shakk, m. [k.) ; shubha, m. (k.) ; age plchhe k. (to vacillate) : shakkzdhir karke (doubtingly) : vide Delay : Demer, Hesitate.

Doubtful, mashkuk (also ambiguous) : us ke dne men shakk hai, his comingis doubtful : us ke dne kd kuchh thlk nahin (his coming is doubtful ;

also = date of coming not settled). Vide Suspicious, Hazardous,

Ambiguous.

Doubtless, be shakk ; be shubha.

Dough, gundhd hu,d dtd (unleavened) ;khamlr (leavened).

Down, niche, adv. and prep. : tale, prep, only: upar niche, up and down;sard o garm, the ups and downs of life = charhd,o utdr, m.

Downfall, zawdl, m. (also decline; of an empire, etc., not of people):tabdhl or barbddl, gen. (ruin).

Downright, sdf-go (of persons) : safed jhuth (—

lie).

Dozen, darjan, m., Eng.

DRA 56 DRU

Dragi ghasitm (on the ground) : gJuisit le-jand (drag away) Jchmchna (of a

carriage; also to pull a punkah, draw a sword): pd.on (jjiasttkarchnlna (of a weary persons).

Dragoman, inrjumdn.

Drain, ?iaZ? khod^ke pd7it nikal'm; mon handkar pant nikalna ; 'vide'

Dry and Empty : badar-rau, f. (outlet) : tnon.

Draught, musawwada (k.) rough draft (of anything) : ek ghunt men at one

draught : Mughfd Pathdn (a game).

Drama, ndtak, m.

Draw, khlnchnd (a sword ; vide Drag) : pani bharnd draw water :—charhdnd,

draw on boots:_gap hdnknd, draw the long bow; burd (drawn game

= bardbar kt lamji).

Drawing, naqsha also a map, a blank form, a design, features, etc.

Dread, sahm (dnd) : haibat-ndk dreadful; bhaydnak.

Dream, sapnd or khwdb dekhnd to dream : mere Jchwdb khiydl men bhi yihbdt na-thi (I never even dreamed of such a thing) : [sukh nind dream-less sleep, and also met. death].

Dress, libds^ m., poshdk, f. :—pahindnd (to clothe) : zahhm par marham pattl

lagdnd (— a wound) : saff sidht karnd, mil.

Drill, qdivd'id^ k. mil., (intr., f.)

— lend or kardnd (tr.) : su,i se chhedndor surdkh karnd (to drill a hole).

Drink, pind tr. and pildnd, cans.; (if the object is omitted " wine "

is under-

stood) : nosh karnd (polite).

Drinker, samandar-sokhj gen. (a great drinker) ; vide Drunkard.

Drip, to, tapaknd ;chund (to leak

;a word avoided by the polite as chuti =

gdndu).

Drive, to, {gdriy ghord, Tidthi, etc.) hdnknd; chaldnd, gen.: {gdri men) le-

jdnd to drive a person to) : gdn men hawd khdnd (to go for a drive) :

hdnknd (beat for game) : bhagdnd drive away : bithdnd drive in (of

something slightly projecting) ;vide Hammer.

Droop, kumldn^j (also met. of the human face, from grief, heat, etc.).

Dross, maily f., (dirt).

Drop, bundy f .;bundt {small drops of rain) : qatra : tapkdnd or chu ,dnd

(pour in drops) ; [tapaknd = to leak] : girdnd (to let fall, drop fromthe hand).

Dropsy, jdlandhar, m. : istisqd^ m.

Drought, khushk-sdli : vide Famine.

Drown, dubnd^ intr. (also to sink) ;dubond (to cause to sink or drown) :

dubke marnd, intr., to drown unintentionally, but dub-marnd to drownon purpose, commit suicide by drowning.

Drudged, tahalwd (from tahalnd to walk about) ; ; tahal karnd (verb).

Drudgery, quli kd kdm.

Drug, to, dawdji pildkar be-hosh karnd.

I Qawa'id in the sense of "drill

"is sing, fem., but in the sense of ' *

grammar' '

it is pi. masc. ; it is the Arabic plural of qa'ida "rule, regulation," etc.

DRU 57 DYE

Drum, dhol (beaten by hand on both sides;used at marriages) ;

dholak

(smaller) ;dholki (still smaller) ;

danka (larger than dhol and beaten

by a stick on one side and by the hand on the other;used in pro-

clamations, wrestling places, etc.) : us ki Him ka danka hajtd hai (=

he is a famous scholar).

Drunk, mat-wala , piye hu,e; mast: bad-mast = nashe men chur hona, to bedead drunk

; {chur—

smashed).

Drunkard, bara shardbt ; bard phie-wdld : vide Drinker.

Dry, sukhd (k.) ; khushk (k.) ; be-maza or be-lutf (of a look) : sukhdnd =vulg. sukhd karnd : rukhd (of bread, without relish

;also rough, of an

answer, but sukhd dry, of answer).

Duck, bat or hattahhy f., gen., (duck or goose) : bari battakh, a goose = hans,the latter often wrongly applied to an Aylesbury duck, etc.) : Chiniyd6a(.^«M duck (Chinese) : mi^r^afe* (water-fowl; wild duck).

Due, haqqy m. (right): fdnd or lend, m. (due to, in money; merd usparpdnd hai = he has to give me ;

but uskd mujh par pdnd hai ' ' I haveto give him ") : bdqi (balance due) : ret ab dne-wdli hai (the train is

just due) : vide Necessary, Proper, Cause.

Dull, sust (out of sorts) : bdzdr sust (or sard or manda hai) (the market is

dull).

Uumbygungd: vide Silent: tumhdrl bolti kyun marl ga,i are you dumb,can't you answer ? be-zabdn jdnwar, dumb animal.

Dumb-bells, mugdar.

Dumbfounded, hakkd bakkd (from astonishment.)

Dung, lldi i. {k.) (of horses or elephants) : gobar, m. (of cattle) : mehgni{k.) (goats, sheep, deer, camels): quh or guh (hagnd) gen. (of men,animals, birds) : bit, f. (of birds) : paikhdnd^ m. (phirnd) (of humans).

Dupe, shikdr : jdl men phasdnd, to dupe, vide Deceive.

Durable, pdy-ddr^ lasting a long time (of buildings, friendship, etc.).* yih

jutd bahut tikegd or thahregd'

: vide Lasting.

Dusk, munh andhere {ka waqt) (twihght, sp. of morning) : jhut putd waqt.

Dust, gard, f . : jhdrnd, to dust: jhdran, f., duster: jh^r ponchh karnd,tr. [ponchhnd to wipe].

Duster, jhdran, f.

Duty, farz {add k.), obUgation (gen. with religious sense): farz i mansablofficial duty (modern term) : roz-marra ka kdm daily duty : diyuti Eng. :

dj meri naukari hai, mil., I am on duty to-day.

Dwarf, bd,ond: sawd-bilishti {lit. one and a quarter span's high; gen. in

tales).

Dwell, rahnd, or rahnd sahnd (permanently) : basnd, to settle in : thahar7id

or tiknjd,^ sojourn.

Dye, rang (colour) : rangnd, to dye (but rang dend, to give more colour to) :

vide Colour : rang charhdnd, to paint on, apply colour; (also met. to

colour a fact) ; rang-rez, dyer.

1 Tikna is used of concrete things only : ihaharna of either concrete or abstract.Vide Supplement,

"Stumbling-Blocks."

DYS 68 EDU

Dysentery, peckish yf. (colic gripes of any kind) : us ko peckish ho-r/a,ty he

has dysenter3\

Dyspeptic, uskd mi* da (or pet) kamzor kai.

Each, kar ; kar ek ; ft set do paisd mahsul kai (there is a tax of two pice oneach seer) : vide Head.

Eager, sar-garm : bap chdk (or ckd,o) se, adv., eagerly : vide Desirous of.

Ear, kdriy m., vide Attention : kdn bkarnd = kdn men phuhknd (to poisona person's ears, poison the mind of a person against another) : kanmen ungU dena or kdn par hdth dharnd (to turn a deaf ear to) : kdnd-

pkunst karnd (to whisper in the ear).

Early, sawere {lit. early in the morning, but also = in time, or before the

time) : vide Dawn.

Earn, karmrm ; kamd,T karnd (by labour) : [kamdyt earnings] : vide Acquireand Deserve.

Earnest, sar-garm (in belief, etc.) : kaqiqat as opposed to dillagt joke, jest :

sack muck kakte ko yd dil-lagi karte ko are you in earnest or joking ?

Earnest money, bay'dna.

Earth, dunyd ; jakdn (the world) : zamin, land, the earth ; mitii, soil;mitti

kd, earthen ; dunyam, earthly, of this world.

Earthquake, bkun^ckdl, f., Hindi : zalzala.

Ease, ckain, m.; sukk^ m. (opp. to dukk) ; drdm, m. : tasalli dend or kkatir-

jama' karnd, to set another's mind at ease : dil men tkandak parnu =khatir-jama* kond : dard gkatdnd (lessen pain) : narm karnd (ease any-

thing stiff).

East, purab, m., Hindi : maskriq, m. : dakind kdtk (vulg., Panj.)

Easy, dsdn ; sakl ; salts (of language or style) : khusk-kdl in easy circum-

stances : ivuk btbt izdr-band ki dktli kai (that lady is of easy virtue;

lit. she is loose about the trouser-band) : drdm ckaukt easy-chair.

Eat, kkdnd, ; nosk karnd (polite ; also = to drink) : kkd-jdnd eat up : kardmH rotiydn kkdne-wdld (of idle servants

; eating the bread of idle-

ness).

Eaves-dropping, kan-su,iydn lend; ckort se sunnd.

Ebony, dbnus, m.

Eccentric, tamdske kd ddmi (of one who does odd or unusual things).

Echo, gunj. f. ; gunjnd, to echo.

Eclipse, gakan, for grakan, m. : suraj-grakan and ckandar-gakan : gakrvdnaintr. {lit. and met.)

Economy, kam-kharckt (frugality in spending) : kkdna-ddri (household

management) : Jcharck men kifdyat karnd (to be—)

: sarfa karnd Pan-

jabi (but in Urdu = to spend).

Edge, dhdry f. (of instruments): kindra, m. (margin) : dk^r ke bat and kimire

ke bal (edgewise).

EFF 69 ELU

Educate, Wlim aur tarhiyat c?ewa (to instruct and educate) : mcZe Teach,Instruct : parhdnd likhdnd : [parhd,t likhd^l = ta'lim, f.] taHim-ydfta,educated.

Efface, mitdTidy gen. {lit. and met.) : dur karnd, remove.

Effect, asar, m.;

' vide'

Consequence : ta^'sir, f. (spec, of medicines,

charms) : ha-jd land = ' amal men Idnu (to carry into effect).

Efficacious, kdr-gar = muftd (of plans, medicines) : is dawd men asar nahlnthis medicine is not efficacious.

Efficacy, ta^sir, f. (effects) : fdHda, m. (benefit) : muftd hond.

Efficient, vide Able.

Effort, sa'i, f. (k.) ;sakht koshish, f. (k.) ;

zor lagdnd or mdrnd : hdth pd^onmdrna : jdn lardnd, to make desperate efforts : vide Exert.

Egg, anM (denu) : chhilkd, m., shell (prop, peel, skin of fruit) : safedi, whiteof— : zardJb yolk : hachcha nikdlnd, to hatch eggs : jaisi mdn waisi heti,

jaisd sut waist phenU, prov. = as the crow so the egg ; phenti ="skein."

Egress, nikds (place of—).

Ejaculate, kar-uthnd (of inarticulate sounds) ;kah-uthnd (of articulate

sounds): vide Exclaim : jharnd, vulg., in med. sense; {lit. to fall, of

leaves;to moult, of birds).

Eject, nikdl bdhar karnd : zdt bdhar karnd (—from caste) : vide Banish,

Expel : [nikdl ddlnd is to take out completely, of concrete or abstract

things, empty a box of, etc.].

Elapse, bU7id; guzarnd (pass away).

Elastic, Idstlk or rabar, m. Eng. : lachild (returning to original form after

bending) : lachak-ddr (springy, yielding, as carriage springs, a sweet-

heart's waist).

Elbow, kuhnl (of horse or man) : sdye ki tarah sdth sdih hond, to be alwaysat the elbow of : phate hdlon hond, to be out of elbows.

Electric, Electricity, bijll, f. (lit. hghtning) : tdr-barqi, electric telegraph :

bijli kd or barqi, adj. : bijll ki raushm, electric light.

Elder, —se bard or ' umr men ziydda (of age) : buzurg (of tribe, village,

family; also a saint, an ancestor) : bard burhd.

Elephantiasis, ftl-pd [but ftl-pdya, a column or large pillar of a bridge, etc.].

Electroplate, Electroplated, gilfl, subs, (silver-gilt or gold- gilt) : gilat kiydhu,d adj.

Elementary, ibtidE,i.

Elephant, hdthi, m.; hdthni, f.

Eligible, vide Fit, Deserving.

Elicit, bdt nikdl-chhornd or bdt nikdl-kar rahnd ^

(information).

Eliminate, chhJdnt-ddlnd.

Elope, le-bhdgnd or urd-lejdnd, gen., to elope with (with persons or things).

Eloquent, khush-baydn.

1 For the force of chhorna, etc., in forraing compound verbs, vide Phillott's" Hindustani Manual," pp. 86 and 87.

EMB 60 ENC

Elude, hlle se bha^-nikalna or dhoka dekar nikal-hhdgna , to escape bystratagem : ankJibachakar nikaUjana^ to elude the vigilance of and escape.

Embark, jahdz par saivdr hona.

Emaciated, sukha ku,a : sirf fiaddi chamfa rah-gaya ; maryal (broken down,of horses or bullocks).

Emasculate, vide Eunuch and Geld.

Embankment, bandh, m., H., and hand, m., P., gen., (also a dfim).

Embarrass, mushkil men phasand or ddl-dend : vide Perplexity.

Embassy, sifdrat, f. : sifdrat-khdna (the building).

Embed, bithldnd ; jaf-dend: baithd hu,d, embedded (naturally).

Embers, angdrd, m.; bhuhal, f., hot ashes.

Embezzle, mdl mdmd, gen. : ruptya khd-jdnd or pachd-jdnd : [dahd-haithndto keep back by force, or to usurp].

Embezzler, khd,u ; gdo ghap.

' Emblem, *aldmat (also sign, token, flag).

Embolden, jur^at dend or dildna.

Embrace, kist se gale milnd (of equals, friends) :— ko gale se (or chhati se)

lagdnd (of children, mistresses, etc.).

Embrocation, mdlish kl dawdji.

Embroil, jhagre men ulajhnd (or uljhdnd) (to be entangled, complicated,in the quarrel).

Emerald, zumurrvd: [zumurrudi rang, emerald green].

Emergency, zarurat kd waqt :* vide

'

Crisis.

Emigrate, des chhornd : dusre des men jd-basnd.

Emissary, vide Messenger, Spy.

Emetic, qay Jd dawd,i.

Emperor, 1

^^^g^^. ^ (Caesar) : Qaisara, f .

Empress, j• ^ ' ^ - >

Empower, ikhtiydr derm : mukhtdr bandnd or karnd.

Empty, khdlt {k.) ; khdli hdth, empty-handed ;TchdU dikhdvd, empty show :

khdli (of house) : sund, desolate,deserted : us ke dimdgik nfien gud

nahm, empty-headed {lit. gud or gudd = marrow, pith, brain, crumb

of loaf, flesh or soft part of fruits).

Emulate, uski hardbari kl himmat (or hausala) karo, try to emulate him.

Emulation, barhdwd : raqdbat (also = rivalry).

Enable, dp kl bakhshish se main is qdbil hungd ki — .

Enamel, mlnu-kdrl.

Encamp, derd ddlnd or lagdnd.

1650 Encampment, pdrd,o, mil. (place of —; camping ground): derd, gen.;

kheme, pi. [lit. tents).

Enclose, ihdta-karnd or iJmtOrbandl karnd (of making an enclosure) : lifdfe

men band karnd (of a document).

Enchant, — par jddu karnd {lit. and met.).

ENC 61 ENR

Encounter, —se do char hona, gen., (suddenly) :— se muth bher hond

(come hand to hand with) :—kd muqdhala karnd, gen., (to confront).

Encourage, dil harhdnd; himmat barhdnd.

Encouragement, harhdvd (giving hope) : vide Incite and Console.

Encroach, hdth pd,on barhd-kar.

Encumbered, qarz ke bojh se dabd hu^d — by debt : yih darakht be fd,ida

jagaJi ghere hu,e^ hai.

End, vide Edge, Extremity, Boundary; sird, end or head oi a thing:dkhir, opposed to awwal and shuru^ : anjdm, m. (conclusion) : khdtima

(finishing): wc^c Finish; Destruction; Object.

Endanger, jokJion or khatre men ddlnd ; vide Risk and Dangerous.

Endear, is sabab se logon ki nazar men 'aztz (or chdhitd) band hu,d hat.

Endless, b&-hadd {lit. without boundary) ;be-intiJm ;

' vide'

Countless.

Endow, — ke liye kisi chiz ko vaqf kar-dend (of charities or for one's

children) ; vaqf ke rupai and vaqf kl jd,eddden, endowments.

Endure, sahnd (to bear up under) ; utJidnd, to suffer (willingly or unwill-

ingly): rahnd or thaharnd, to last, q.v. : vide Durable and Strong.

Enema, pichkdrl {dend) (also syringe).

Enemy, dushman, gen.; jdm dushmaii — khun kd piydsd dushman — jdn-levd dushman, deadly enemy.

Energetic, 7 chust o chdldk = phurtild, active : mihnati, hard-working : him-

Energy, ) mat, f. ;chusti chdldki and phurtlld-pan subs.

Enervating, susti paidd karti hai (of climate) ;vide Weaken.

Enforce, chaldnd (of an order) : 'amal men land.

Engage, naukar rakhnd (a servant) :—ko rokwd-rakhnd or — ke liye kah-

rakhnd (of a seat in a tonga, etc.) : apne upar lend = apne zimmemen lend,

' vide'

Promise, Undertake.

Engine, injan, m., gen. (any engine) : kal, f., machinery, mechanism, or a

portion of a mechanism; kal kd, (mechanical, automaton).

Engrave, khodnd ; kanda karnd.

Engraver, kanda-kdr : muhr-kan (of seals).

Enjoin, ta^ldd karnd :' vide

'

Order.

Enjoy, kisi chiz se maza lend : —se lutf uthdnd , delight in.

Enjoyment, lazzat, f . : lutf, m.

Enlightened, raushan khaydl.

Enlist, bharti karnd.

Enormous, deo-zdd (of living things).

Enough, bas, adv.; kdfi, adj. :

' vide'

Sufficient and Fully.

Enrage, bharkdnd, gen. {also to stir up; to fan a flame).

Enraged, to be, jhalldnd (to get in a rage) ; jhunjhldnd (to be irritable,

cross) taish men dnd (to get in a passion) : vide Anger.

1 Note this use of the participle and the verb * to be.' The participle indicates

•is in a state of encumbering

'

: vide '* Hind. Man. ," p. 1967 ;

"Stumbling-Blocks,"

p. 78.

ENQ 62 ESC

Enquire, tdh(^q or daryaft harm : puchhna [with se to enquire and withko to enquire after].

Enquiry, tah(fiqat (^.), investigation.

Entangle, ulajhna, intr., and uljhana, tr.; phasna, intr., and phasana, tr.,

to be noosed, embroiled.

Enter, bhttar or andar jdnd, gen. ; ghusna (suddenly, or violently, or with

difficulty) : charJidna = likhnd (of items in a book) : paifhnd (to pene-trate and stick in).

Enterprise, Ihauscda, subs., hauscda-mand, adj. (= ambitions) and maw-

Enterprising, ) chald-pan, subs, (in business, etc.).

Entertain, mihmdnt k. ; khiJarm pildnd (as host) : mihmdn rakhnd (for a

period) : dirrmgh, men jagah dend (of a proposal).

Entertainment, tamdsM;khel ;

' vide'

Feast.

Entertaining, dil-lagi kd (also amusing) : dil-baMd,o, subs, and adj.

Enthusiasm, josh, m. ; sar-garnii : pur-josh and joshild, adjec, enthusiast.

Enthusiastic, bard shauqin.

Entice, phuslarm : [phusldhat, f., sub.].

Entire, samuchd, whole, q.v. ;vide Complete : dndu (of horse or any male

animal = possessed of and or dnr).

Entitle, to, kd mustahaqq hond ; kd haqq-ddr horn : [yih merd haqq hai].

Entrails, atriydn or dnten, pi.

Entreat, — se iltimds karnd (polite for to ask) : se minnat karnd, gen.

Envelope, lifdfa (of letter) : vide Surround, Spread.

Envy, ) hdsid {h.) ; jalrm to be — ; wuh sab ki nazaron men kdn-

Envious, to be, i id hai, all bear him envy and malice : hasad, m. f. {k.) ;

jalan, f. (^^) .* rashk, m. (k.) jealousy ; also envy in a friendly sense.

1700 Ephemeral, do-roza.

Epidemic, blmdri ki hatud, f.

Epilepsy, mirgt.

Equality, bardbari k, (vie with).

Equilibrium, mizdn kd thik rakhnd ; [mlzdn, f., scales].

Equip, sdz o sdnmn se durust karnd : vide Armed.

Equipage, jilo, m. : vide Retinue.

Eradicate, jar se uklmrnd :' vide

'

Annihilate and Destroy,

Erase, chhil-dend (prop, to peel) : khuruch-dend (scratch, scrape) : vide

Efface.

Erect, khard karnd,* vide

'

Build.

Err, chuknd ; ghalati k. : bhul chuk insdn ki khamir men hai, it is man'snature to err {khamir lit. dough ; also nature).

Escapade, diwdnu-pan ki harakat.

Escape, nikal-jdnd : nikal-bhdgnd : hdth se jdtd rahnd (to be lost) ;bachnd

(from a threatened '

evil) : dnkh bachdnd, to escape observation.

• For difference between bachna and chhutna, vide *' Hindustani Stumbling-Blocks,** p. 27.

ESC 63 EXA

Escort, badraqa, mil.

Especial, khass ; mahhsus : khass-kar or khusus'^'', adv., especially.

Espionage, mere pichhe jasus lagd,e hu,e hain ; mulchbiri, f.

Essence, jauhar ;asl.

Essentially, dar asl ;' vide

'

Necessary and Real.

Establish, qa^im karna (make stable) ; vide Found, Build,

Estate, vide Condition : milklyat (land) : jagir, f. (land given as a rewardfor services or in pension) : jd,e-dad, gen. (any estate, landed or

otherwise).

Esteem, qadar, f.

Estimate, takhmlna (karna) ;vide Guess, Opinion.

Estrangement, ghairiyat, gen. ; be-gdnagl (between friends) : vide Sepa-ration.

Etiquette, vide Custom, Rule.

Eunuch, hijrd ; khoja.

Eurasian, iesu, Por. : dogld (half-breed ;of anything) : vide Half-caste.

Evacuate, khdli karna ; chhornd :' vide

'

Void.

Evade, vide Escape : jawdh dene se gurez karna (evade answering) : didhdld hatdnd (evasion, shuffling ;

lit. to make false excuses) : kdm se jlchurdnd (evade work).

Evaporate, ur-jdnd.

Eve, shah (with the Pers. izdfat construction) : main ah jdne hi ko hun (Iam on the eve of departure) : Mdmd Hdwwd, Mother Eve.

Even, jujt _{oi numbers; opp. to tdq, odd): vide Level: main mar tak

jd,ungd, I will even die for you.

Event, wdqi'a; wuqu' : hddisa or wdriddt (accident, or unpleasant oc-

currence) : vide Adventure.

Evergreen, sadd-bahdr.

Ever-young, sadd-jawdn.

Evidence, gawdhi {dend) : suhut, m. (proof).

Evident, mhir ;' vide

'

Manifest.

Evil, had kdr, evil-doer (gen. = adulterer or fornicator) : had nazar, evil-

eyed (either as regards looking at women or possessed of the evil

eye) : siydh dil" black-hearted

": vide Bad, 111.

Evoke, huldkar hdzir karnd.

Evolve, sochkar nikdlnd: ' vide '

Unravel.

Exact, thik: thik thik (exactly); vide Like: 'am waqt par (at the exact

time) : jahr^^^ wusul karna (to extort) : ainthnd (to extort ; lit. to twist) :

main kauri kauri wusul karungd I will exact the uttermost fact.

Exaggerate, barhdke kahnd (of speech) : muhdlagha karnd, gen. (to overdo

anything) : hilli ko sher kar-dikhdnd = rd^i ko parbat karnd.

Examine, imtihdn lend and dend (of any test) : mulahaza karnd= * ikzdmin '

karnd (inspection, as medical —)

: puchhpdchh karnd (cross-examine) :

imtihdn 'pds^ karnd;imtihdn men purd utarnd (to pass an examination).

Examiner, mumtahin.

EXA 64 EXE

Example, namuna, (pattern; also sample): misal^ f. (in grammar, etc.);inasl"* adv., for example :

— ta ki duaron ko Hhrat ho = to make anexample of : vide Precedent.

Exasperate, sabr ki tab haq% na-rakhna.

Excavate, khodke nikdlna.

Exceedingly, hahut hi: nihdyat (lit.= intihR darje ka).

Excellent, 'umda, adj.; ^umdagl, sub.

Except, (prep.), chhofkar : —ke siim.e.

Exception, qa'ida se bahar (an exception to a rule).

Excess, ifrat, f . : [kasrai, abundance.]

1750 Excessive, sajdit (before an adjective or noun; means more than, bahut) :

be-hadd (boundless) : andaze se bahar (beyond prudence, propriety,

good taste, etc., etc.).

Exchange, adal badal karnd : adli badli karnd (exchanging places or

appointments; of two people) : yih badli men mild, I got this in

exchange (change) : vide Change.

Excise, chungi (octroi ;not on liquors).

Exciseman, ddrogka-e dbkdri (inspector of dbkdri or the manufacture of

spirituous liquors).

Excite, josh men land : uksdnd, to goad (lit. with a sharp instrument) :

hharkdnd (fan into a flame) : vide Incite.

Excitement, :/os/t,m., gen. (boiling, in mind, ebulUtion of people) : halchal,

f. (unrest, being upset) : josh dildne-wdli khabar, exciting news.

Exclaim, zor se boUuthnd or chilld-uthnd : vide Ejaculate.

Exclamation, jarydd, f., loud cry (also complaint).

Exclude ,w(ie Forbidden : mahrum karnd: mahrumi^ exclusion.

Excommunicate, jamd'at or zdt se nikdlnd : vide Outcaste.

Excoriated, to be, chamrd chhilnd, intr.

Excrement, fuzla, gen. {lit. residue, refuse) : maild, vulg. : guh (gen. but

spec, human ordure) : bit,i. (of birds) : vide Dung.

Excruciating, jdn-kdh.

Exculpate, bart karnd (from blame).

Excursion, sair o safar.

Excuse, mu'df karnd (from an act committed) and mu'df rakhnd (from anact contemplated) : mu'dft chdhnd or mJdngnd (to ask for pardon, or to

be excused) : hila haivdla karnd, to make shuffling excuses (to evade

doing something) : 'uzr, m., gen., a plea ; langrd 'uzr, a lame excuse.

Execute, vide Pretence, Pretext.

Execrate, kisi ke ndm yar la'nat bhejnd (of living or dead).

Execute, vide Complete : ba-jd Idnd or 'amal men Idnd, to carry into effect.

Vide Hang, Behead.

Executive, intizdml ; [from intizdm, arrangement, administration, dis-

cipline].

Exempt, mu'df karnd (of the thing not of the person; as, us par tiks

mu'df hai) : mu'dfi, subs.

EXE 65 EYE

Exercise, warzish, f. {k.) and kasrat, f. (k.) (of bodily exercises; vide

Practice) : mashq, f . {k.) a task : vide Copy and Drill.

Exert, zor mama; hath pa,oh mama; koshish karna: 'vide' Attempt,Effort, Try, strive.

[I„^,itg_

Exhort, nasthat dend (admonish) : himmat dildnd : dil hdrhdnd :' vide

'

Exile, des se nikdlnd : vide Banish, Deport : des-nikdld, subs., m. {milnd).

Exonerate, vide Exculpate.

Exorbitant, ag ke mol \men\ adv.

Exorcist, 'am^7,' vide

'

Soothsayer.

Expect, tawaqqu'-, f (k.) (of something looked for or naturally expected, as

friendship from a certain person) : vide Fear, Hope, Danger, andWait : ab dyd hi chdhta hai, he's expected at once.

Expedient, mundsib, adj. :

* vide'

Plan, Means.

Expedition, muhimm, f., any important enterprise : lam, f., mil. expedition.

Expel, nikdlnd : nikdl bdhar karnd ;—se bdhar kamd :

' vide'

Banish,Outcaste.

Expend, \rupiya uthdnd (of great sums) : kharch (karnd) : Idgat, f.

Expenditure, J (actual cost) : vide Cost, Price.

Expensive, qimttti (costly) : besh-kharch ; vide Valuable.

Experience, tajriba, m. [k.) : *vide' Examine, Test: khoke sikhnd, =dear-bought experience.

Experiment, vide Examine, Test.

E o rtness \

^"^^^^'' ^^^'^^ a,dj. : ustddi and mahdrat, f., subs.

Explain, samjhdnd ; batldnd (show) : baydn karnd (narrate).

Explicitly, sdf sdf.

Exportation, raftani, f.

Expressly, ta^kid se : vide Injunction and Especially.

Exquisite, nihdyat najls.

Extend, lambd karnd (hold out) : vide Spread and Increase.

Extensive, wasi'.

Exterminate, —kl jar (or—ko jar se) kdUddlnd : vide Uproot.

Extinguish, bujhdnd, gen. : gul karnd (of lamps).

Extraordinary, gtkctir-ma'muU ; be-dastur (not usual) : nirdlu (strange or

unique) or anokhd (peculiar, odd).

Extravagance, juzul kharchi.

Extravagant, kharrdch (a new word) : urd,u, and lutd,u, spendthrift.

Exude, pastjnd :' vide

'

Drip and Ooze.

Eye, dnkh : putli, pupil of— : nazar, f. (lagnd) (the evil eye) : mdda huk,(for hook ; lit. female hook

;the hook is called nar huk).

Eyebrow, bhaun, f. (also coronet of horse's hoof).

Eyelid, palak, f. : (also = a moment) : papotd, m.

Eyesight, nazar : roshni, f. (Ut. light).

Eyesore, dnkh kd kdntd.

Eye-witness, dnkhon dekhi {bat] kahtd hai— .

9

FAB 66 FAR

Fable, kaJmnl, any fictitious story: vide Story.

Fabricate, qissa gafhnd (— a story).

Fabulous, qiasa kahJdni kd— .

Face, chihra : munh (also = mouth) ;vide Appearance : sdmnd karnd, to

face, vide Confront: main kyd munh leke un ke sdmne jd,un, "howcan I face him (I'm ashamed) ?

": munh ke hal '

gird"

(I) fell on myface

* '

: vide Grimace.

Facilitate, dsdn karnd; suhuUyat dena : sahl kdrnd.

Facilities,— H drdm hai, coll.

Factf haqtqat (truth , reality) : lodqi'a (a thing that has happened) : asl bdt

yih hai," the fact is ."

Fail, to,'

fd' hona (in examination or business) : kam hond (be deficient) .

karne se chuknd, to fail to do : vide Deficient, Bankrupt.

Faint, be-hosh hond = — ko gMsh dnd (become senseless) : kam-zor dil kd,

faint in heart, (also without moral courage) : kam-himmat, faint-

hearted : phikd lacking distinctness (also insipid).

Fair, gord^ of complexion, (also a private soldier or a seaman) : munsif-

mizdj (in nature, umpiring, etc.) : khard, of shopkeepers in dealing

(lit. good, of coin) : vjdjibi moderate : meld, subs.

Faith, vide Religion, Reliance.

Faithful, namak-haldl, of dependents; wafd-ddr, gen. of lovers, servants,

dogs.

Falcon, hdz, prop, the female goshawk : siydh-chashm (lit. black-eyed).

Fall, parnd (also = to lie), to fall gently or metaphorically : girnd, to fall

with suddenness or force.^

False, jhutd, gen. ;khotd or ja'll, not genuine : gihcdat, erroneous.

Fame, —kd bard ndm hond, of people: shuhrat, f., or shuhra, m., fame or

notoriety.

Famous, mushhur ; mashhur maWuf : ndmi : ndmwar.

Family, ahl o 'aydl, m., pi., wife and children = joru bachche : hhdnddn,

lineage : ghar kl lafd^, family quarrel : us kd pd,on bhdrt hat, she's in

the family way—a woman's colloquialism : vide Lineage.

Famine, kdl^ m. : qaht, m. or qahUsdlt, f.

Fan, {huth kd, or dastt) pankhd (jhalnd).

Far, dur, (without a noun) ;dur kd (with a noun) : us taraf or parli taraf,

the far side.

Farewell, Khudd hdfiz kahnd, to bid — (Muslim) :— se rukhsai hond, to

take one's leave of :—se milnE (to see, to see for the last or first time).

Fare, kirdya or bhdrd, hire, rent, fare.

Farrier, na'Uband, shoeing-smith : sdlotri, H., an Indian veterinary sur-

geon.

1 Bal always gives the idea of movement or exertion,2 Vide " Stumbling-Blocks," Supplement.

FAS 67 FIN

Fast, kasa hu,a, drawn tight : mazbut, firm : tez, in movement : roza {rakh

no) any religious fast : faqa karnd, voluntary, and—se hona, involun-

tary, remaining hungry (not rehgious).

Fat, charhi, subs.: mota, adj. (also thick, and coarse) : farhih : taiyar, of

animals only.

Fatal, qaza kd (deadly) : [in Urdu qazd means time of death.]

Fate, taqdir, f .; muqaddar^ m. ; qismat, f . ; qazd f . death : vide Luck.

Father, hd'p : bdhd or abbd (in address) : wdlid.

Fatigue, thakan, f.; thakdwat, f. : mdndagt.

Fault, qusur, m. {k.) : bhul-chuk, f. = ghalatl, error : hhatjd f. {k.) (also to

miss a mark).

Fear, dar, m. khauf, m. (khdnd) : —ko dar lagnd or dnd, and darrm, to fear.

Feast, teoJmr, gen. festival : parab m. : da'wat, f., invitation to anything :

ziydfat, party : vide Occasion.

Feature, ndk wxqsha.

Feeble, kam-zor, gen. : nd-tdqat, of living things only.

Feed, khildnd; khildim pildrm.

Feel, mujhe sardllagti or maHum hotl hai, I feel cold: chhund to touch:

mujhe sharm dti hai or lagti hai or ma'lum hoti hai, I feel ashamed:

tatolnd, to grope or feel, sp. in the dark : nabz dekhnd, to feel the pulse.

Feeling, hiss, f., (sense of feeling) : dili jazba (emotion).

Felt, namdd, m.

Female, mdda or mddin.

Fertile, dbdd (of country or of land) : zar^hhez (of land).

Fever, bukhdr, m. : tap, f.

Few, thore se ; thord ek ; chand ; vide Some, Several.

Field, khet (also a breeding district for horses) : maiddn, of battle.

Fierce, khun-khwdr (lit. blood-drinking ; of tyrants, etc. : hhun-rez (bloody ;

of battle) '- sakht.

Fife, bdnsi or bdnsri: (but bdnsi, a flute; a fishing-rod; a fishing-hook).

Fig, anjir, f.

Fight, larnd, gen., quarrel, fight, etc. : bhirnd, come hand to hand with :

mdr-pit karnd, with blows, etc., of two people or more.

Figure, surat, f.; shakl, f. : hindasa, m. (in arithmetic) : vide Face.

Filch, to, uchaknd : uchakkn, filcher.

File, reii (of iron) : fail, Eng. (office).

Fill, bharnd: pet-bhar, adv. (= " one's fill").

Filth ghildzat, f. (also adjective).

Filthy, ganda ; ahaUz :' vide

'

Disgusting.

Fin, machhll kd par.

Final, dkhiri :* vide

'

Decisive.

Find, kisi diiz ko pdnd ; mujhe kitdb mill, I found the book {vide Meet) :

paidd karnd, find out or produce : tajwiz, f. {k.) (of Court ;also proposal).

Fine, kisi par jurmdna lagdnd or kisi ko jurmdna karnd; mahtn, adj. gen :

bdrik, gen. (fine, also minute).

FIN 68 FLY

Finger, unglt (also a toe) : [anguthd, the thumb or the big-toe].

Finish, tamdm kama; khatm k. ; anjam ko pahuncMnd : nibtana con-

sume, use up : vide Perfect.

Fire, ag, i. : dtash-zadagl (conflagration ;now used in general sense) :

—menaglagdnd, set on fire : handuq chaldnd or chhofna or fair karnd or

ddghnd, to fire a gun, etc.

Firework, dtash-bdzt (chhornd).

First, pahldf adj. : paMe, adv. : pahle-pahal, adv., the first time.

Fish, mackhli, f. (also = the fish-insect ;the biceps ;

the calf of the leg) :

machhlt kd shikdr karnd, to fish.

Fisherman, machhii^d (also the name of a boat).

Fist, mutthl, the closed fist.

Fit, qabil ; Id.iq adj. .• vide Proper, Fitting : daura (of disease;

lit. turn).

Fixed, jard hu,d (of fixtures).

Flag, jhaTidd (large) and jhandi (small).

Flame, lau, f.; shu'la, m. : bharak-uthnd

,to burst into flames ;

also to flare

up, of dying embers : [bharaknd also moans to shy, of a horse].

Flank, kokh, m, (of animals or humans) : bdzu or pahlu (of army).

Flash, kaund, f. (of lightning) : chamak, f., gen.

Flat, chipid :* vide

' Level and Prostrate : chiptd-pan, subs.

Flatter, kisl kl hhushdmad or chEplusi karnd : jutt kl khdk chdtnd or jhdrnd

(met. to lick a person's boots).

Flaw, *aib, m.; nuqs, m.

Flea, pissu, m.

Flee, bJmgnd: chal-dend (disappear suddenly) : vide Run and Escape.

Flesh, gosht.

Flexible, lachtla : lachak-dur (springy) .

Flight, firdr, m. : bJmgar (stampede of a number).

Flinch, jhijhaknd.

Flint, chaqmdq, m.

Float, pdnl ke upar bahnd: fitna, m. (fishing).

Flock, galla or rewar, m. (of sheep or goats).

Flog, kord mdrnd.

Flood, sa*7a6 .• [but serdb {k.), m., irrigation]: tugJiydni {men and) (beingin flood, of rivers ;

also being rough, of the sea).

Floor, takhta-bandl ,of wood : zamm, gen.

Flourish, raunaq kl hdlat men hai (of cities).

Flower, phul, m : butd (on cloth).

Fluctuate, ghatnd barhnd.

Fluent, farfar bolnd : tardre se bolnd,' vide' Glib.

Flute, bdnsri ' vide'

Fife (but bansi fishing-rod).

Flutter, tarapnd (when the throat is cut;also of fish out of water ;

also

met. = to yearn q.v.).

Fly, urnd : ur-jdnd, to fly away : urd-le-jdnd, fly away with (lit and met.) :

makkhl, f., subs, (a small fly) ;and makkM, m. (a blue-bottle).

FLY 69 FOR

Fly-blown J sydhl baith-ga,l.

Foal, hachhera, m. ; and bachheri, f. (filly), gen.

Fodder, chdra, m. : (also bait for fish) : vide Forage.

Fog, kohrd, m., or kohdsd (mist).

Fold, dohrdnd (to double)) : tah k. (of paper, clothes) : vide Wrap : tah, f.

Follower, pairau, gen. : bahlr, f., camp-followers; in Panj. kamlna-log.

Fondness, slmuq, gen. : raghhat (Uking, spec, for eatables).

Food, khdnd : khurdk, f. : ghizd, f., diet.

Fool, ahmaq : be-wuquf : bail ; ullu ; kdth kd ullu utter fool,'

; mashhara(professional).

Foot, j)d,on ; panja (also = hand)j paidal or piydda or pd-piydda, adv., onfoot : pag, f., a footprint : pdyon kl dhat, foot-fall.

Fop, bdnkd, a dandy ; ranglld (effeminate fop).

Forage, ddna ^ds : vide Fodder.

Forbid, —se mana' k. : kisl ko kisi chiz kl mumdna*at k. : KhudE na-kareGod forbid : vide Stop.

Force, zor : vide Power and Tyranny and Violence; jabr or zor se kardnd

(to force to do . vide Compel) : be-gdr, forced labour; begdri, forced

labourer : be-kdri se begdri bhall—Prov.

Ford, ) pdydb pdnl ; [pdydb is an adjective only ;in speaking pdnl

Fordable, ] thord hai - a ford] : vide Wade.

Forehead, mdthd, m.; peshdnl.

Foreign, pardesl or ghair mulkl, gen.

Foreigner, bidesl or ajnabl (of humans only).

Foresight, pesh-blnl or dur-andeshi.

Foreskin, topi: gMldf, m.

Forest, jangal, m ; ban, m.

Forged, ja'll {k.) (of writings, coins).

Forgery, ja'l-sdzl.

Forget, bhulnd (without ne) : fardmosh k.

Forgetful, bhulakkar :* vide '

Careless.

Forgive, chhornd (let off, let go) : mu'df k. : bakhshnd.

Fork, kdnta : do-shdkha hond, to fork (as a river).

Form, daul, m.; shakl, f. : vide Shape, Face, Appearance; warn', f.,

mode : vide System.

Fornicate, vide Adultery.

Fort, qil'a, m. : garh, m. (large) and garhl, f. (small).

Fortifications, '\qiVa-bandl k. : mustahkam karnd, gen. (to make strong ;of

Fortify, J any place).

Fortress, vide Fort.

Fortunate, khush-qismat or —naslb : qismat kd sand, a very lucky person.

1 Even an owl may have some sense, but a wooden owl—.

FOR 70 FUL

Fortune-teller, nujumi (astrologer) : rammdl (properly one who tells for-

tunes by sand ; rami, Ar. sand) : vide Soothsayer.

Forward, to, vide Send.

Foster, dudh-hha,t (foster-brother) : dudh-pild,t (— mother) : dudh-bdp

(foster-father).

Foundation, bunydd, f. (ht. and met.) : neo, f. (lit. only) : jar, f., or asl,f. (basis ;

lit. root).

Founder, bant.

Foundling, l-d-wdris bachcha (— without owner).

Fountain, jawwdrd, m. (artificial jet) : chashma, m., spring or fountain-

head of a stream, etc.

Fowl, murc0 (hen) : murgbfii (cock) : chuza (a chicken) : vide Bird.

Fowler, chiti-rmr. Hindu; mir-shikdr, Muslim.

Fox, lomrtj f.

Fragile, vide Brittle and Crisp.

Frame, dhdnch or dhdncha (the outline or frame of anything) : chaukathd

(picture—

).

Fraud, vide Deceive and Cheat and Cunning.

Free, dzdd ; bachd-rahnd, to keep free from.

Freeze, jamnd, intr., and jamdnd, tr.

Freight, vide Hire.

Fresh, tdza, gen. ;tar o tdza (of fruit or vegetables ,

of faces) : hard (fresh,

of green things ;lit. green) ;

tdza-dam (of people ; refreshed).

Fretful, chirchird (of children, sick or old people).

Friction, ragar, f.

Friday, junta' : suk or sukr.

Friend, dost ; ydr ;' vide

* Comrade.

Frontier, sar-hadd, f.

Frost, pdld^ m. {parrm) ; pdld-mdrd, frost-bitten.

Froth, jhdg, m.; phen, m., or kaf, m. (also = foam).

Frown, ndk bhaun charhdnd.

Frozen, jama hu,d.

Fruit, mewa, m. ; phal, m.

Fruiterer, kunjrd (Muslim) ; mewa-farosh (spec, seller of Kabul fruits).

Fruitful, phal-ddr or mewa-ddr (of trees) ; vide Fertile.

Fry, talnd.

Frying-pan,''

fri-pdn''* m., Eng. pattern.

Fugitive, bhagord ; firdri ; bhaggu (a turn-tail, one that always runs away,of a cock, or a man, etc.).

Fulcrum, tek, f.

Fulfil, purd karnd.

Full, bhard hu,d ; lab-d-lab (full up to the brim) ; vide Complete : [haqtqi or

saga bhd,l, full brother, vide Br other].

FUM 71 GEN

Fumigate, dhunl dena.^Fun, tamasha ; kisl ko ullu banana

^to make fun of.

Funeral, janaze ka jana.

Fur, pashm, gen. {vide Hair and Wool) : rowan, m. (of fine fur only).

Furious, ghazah-nak, gen.

Furnace, bhatf, f. (under a boiler).

Furniture, asbab, m., Eng

Fuss, to,j

dhiim dharakkd m., (machdna) rd^l se parbat hond (fuss about

Fussy, \ nothing; exaggerate, q. v.).

Future, dyande ke Uye, "for future use or tirD.e as regards the future,"but dyanda,

" in future"

: dyande, kd hdl, the Future.

Fye, chhi; tauba chht, (mild).

GGain, vide Advantage.

Gain, to, vide Obtain and Acquire; also Win, Succeed and Reach.

Gait, chdl, f

Gale, dndhi (spec, with dust); tufdn, gen., (storm, flood, etc.): jhakkar(of wind only).

Gallant, dhagrd, (contemp. ; paramour of married or unmarried woman) ;

dshnd (ditto, polite).

Gallery, galydrd (any long narrow room;also a narrow passage between

low houses; connected with gal%).

Gallows, tikti; phdnsi kd takhta.

Gamble, ju,d kheind, gen.

Gambler, ju,dri, gen.

Game, khel, gen. : bdzi, a single match;shikar (quarry, etc.) : ullu bandnd

(to make game of).

Gaol, jel-khdna or qaid-khdna.

Garden, bd§[^, gen. (a garden, a park, etc.) ; bdghicha (small) : phulwdrl,flower-garden.

Gardener, mdli, m.,and mdlin, f .

; bd^-bdn.

Garlic, lahsan, m.

Garrulous, bakbakiyd.

Gate, phdtak, m. : darwdza, gen. (also = door and doorway).

Gather, vide Collect : ugdhnd (of taxes or subscriptions ;of money only,

but not by force) : vide Infer : paknd (of a sore).

Gelding, dkhta {k.) : khassi (k.) (spec, of goats and cocks).

Gender, jins, f. (lit. kind, species ;also goods, stuff).

General, 'dmm: kulliya qd'ida (a general rule) : Jarnel, mil.

Generally, 'umum''", or 'dmm, taur par: [aksar. adv. means often and adj.most].

Generation, nasi (also = race, family, breed).

Generosity, sakhdwat, f.; daryd-dili (beneficence).

GEN 72 GLI

Generous, saMii ; daryd-dil, very generous : vide Beneficent and Benevolent.

Genius, 'aql ka putld (= tabbd' in high Urdu).

Gentle, sharlf, gen. (lit. noble, well-born, etc.) : gAarlb or stdhd {quiet, ofanimals or men) : vide Harmless.

Gentleman, hhala-mdnus (lit. good man) ; sharif : safed-posh.

Genuine, asli.

Gesture, bhd,o, m. (of actors or nach girls; not natural) : add, t (manner,not gesture) : harakat (also action).

Get, vide Procure, Obtain.

Ghost, bhut, gen.*

Ghoul, giul.

Giant, dev : dev-zdd ddrni (of a big man).

Gibberish, bar, f., {hdnknd or mdrnd).

Gibbon, huluq (from its cry).

Gibe, vide Taunt.

Giddy, merd sir ghumtd Tiai or mere sir men chakkar hai, I feel giddy.

Gift, hadiya (from friends) : nazar from an inferior : in'dm or balchshish

(to inferior).

GigantiCj_ 'afrtt-surat or dev-surat, of men or animals : vide Giant : jhdr-pahdr, ad]., oi trees.

Giggle, vide Titter.

2000 Gild, giltt k. or gilat k.

Gin, sher-dahdn ; kurki : jin shardb (the spirit).

Ginger, adrak, f. (green) ; south, f. (dried).

Giraffe, zirdfa.

Girl, larkt : dihokri (a mere girl ;vide Boy).

Girth, tang, m. (of saddle) :

Gist, khuldsa matldb.

Give, derid: 'aid or -indyat karnd (to bestow) : de-derm or de-ddlnd, to give

away : hdr-jdnd, to give in or give up, be defeated : hdr mdnnd, to say'

I give in,' to acknowledge defeat ; chkor-baithnd,to give up (service),

improperly or out of time.

Gizzard, pathrl.

Glad, mangan (joyous) : hhush (pleased) : bdgh bdgh (delighted).

Gladly, khushl Idiushi [sej.

Glance, ek nazar (a short sight of) : sarsan namr (a superficial, careless

glancing at) : kankhi (a stealthy glance) : tir diwdr par se phisalkarus ko jd-lagd, the arrow glanced off the wall and hit him : vide Reboundand Ricochet.

Glare, raushnl kl tezl.

Glass, shisha : kdnch (common glass) : vide Tumbler.

Glib, safd,i se (or tardre se) jhuth boltd hai (= glib liar).

Glimmer, timtimdnd (burn dimly) : jhilmildnd (flicker, in wind ; also of stars).

Glimpse, kisi kt jhalak dend, to catch a ghmpse (lit. ghttering) of anyone.

GLO 73 GRA

Glossary, farhang, f.

Glove, dastdna, m.

Glowworm, jugnu, f.

Glue, saresh, m.;saresh se jornd or lagdnd (to glue).

Glutton, petu ; khd,u, gen. met. = Embezzler, etc.

Gnaw, kutarnd (of rodents) : chabdnd (\\t. to chew;of dog with a bone).

Go, jdnd ; chald-jdnd (to go away or go along with) : chale-jdnd, to con-

tinue to go : vide Start, Depart, Walk : chalnd, to come into motion.

Goad, dhkus, m. (of elephant; and met. an overseer that makes peoplework) : chhor, m. (for ox) : ara''i k., lit. : uksdnd, prop, of elephants,but met. for people.

Goal, gol, Eng. (in polo or football) ;darwdza (ditto) ;

bdzi (one game) :

maq- sad (of ambition) : manzil-i-maqsud (destination).

Goat, bakri f . : bakrd, he-goat.

Goatee, bakre ki ddrhi.

Gobble, dhakosnd : vide Voracious.

God, Khudd (term used both by MusHms and Hindus) : Allah (of Muslims) :

Parmeshar or Bhagwdn (of Hindus) : de,otd, a Hindu God.

Gold, } sond, subs. m. : sunahrl, golden in colour, or gilt, q.v. : sone kd,

Golden, j made of gold.

Gonorrhoea, suzdk^ f.

Good, achchhd ; bhald ; khub ; vide Pious, Real: ydr-bdsh, a good fellow

(but of women has an unflattering sense = immodest) : totd pura k.,

make good a loss: bhald,t or nekl, subs., good (as opposed to evil) :

vide Benefit and Harmless.

Goose, hans : rdjhans : ban bat.

Goshawk, bdz (female) : jurra (male).

Gossip, gap shap, i. (k.) (of more than one); shahr-khabrd m. and hhabnf. (a person).

Gourd, kadu, m., gen. (a pumpkin, etc.; also vulg. the penis) : laukl =kddu.

Gourmand, vide Glutton.

Gout, niqris, m.

Govern, hukumat karnd : qdbu men rakhnd (control).

Governor, Hakim.

Grace, jazl, m. (of God): albeld-pan (of movement; of humans only):vide Naive.

Gradually, rafta rafta : dhista dhista (also = slowly).

J" r', i paiwand {lagdnd) : paiwandi, ad]., gra>ited.Grafted, ^

Grain, andj or ghalla (edible) : ddna, any grain or seed for men or

animals.

Gram, chand, m.

Grandfather, dddd (paternal) and nana (maternal).

Grandson, potd (son's son) and nawdsd (daughter's son).

GRA 74 GRO

Grant, to, vide Allow, Give.

Grape, angur, m. : [angur bharnd is to granulate, of a wound].

Grapple,—sebhir-jana (to come hand to hand with, also used met.) : guthna(to close, of wrestlers).

Grasp, 2or se pakafna or thdmnd.

Grass, f/Aas, f. : dub, f.,**

doob-grass," in the Panjab Ichabal.

Grateful, —kd ahukr-guzdr or mamnun or ihadn-mand.

G tu't \fn'Uft (men) : muft kd, adj., gratuitous.

Grave, qabr, f.; gor, f. : qabristdn, m. (graveyard) : bhdrl serious, im-

portant, q.v.

Gravel, kankar, m. ; rort, f., crushed stone : pathrt, med. (in bladder).

Gravy, yakhnt.

Gray, sabza (of horses only) : bhurd, brown, is also applied to grey : safed

(of hair).

Graze, chamd.

P'

Vchiknd, adj. and chiknd,i, subs.

Greedy, us ko bard haukim hai, gen. (never satisfied) ;hirsi [but haris

avaricious] : Idlcht, covetous.

Green, hard or sabz, adj. ;

' vide'

Fresh : kachclid, raw, q.v ; vide

Immature and Inexperienced : hard-pan, subs., bsing green (abstract

idea) : sabzi, gen. (abstract and concrete ; also vegetables q.v.).

Green-grocer, sabzt-farosh, gen. : kunjrd (Muslim) vide Fruitseller.

Greenhorn, bhuch.

Greet, to, saldm karnd, gen. (by word or sign).

Gregarious, jhund men rahne-wdld.

Greyhound, tdzt kuttd (lit. Arabian) : jahdzi (sometimes used for English

imported greyhound).

Gridiron, giriUddn, m. {par pakdnd).

Grief, gjiam (k.) : ranj, gen. (also = pain, displeasure) : alam.

Grill, vide Gridiron.

Grimace, kisi kd munh chirdnd (to make faces at).

Grin, ddnt kisornd (foohshly ; of shy people, madmen ;but not used of

pain).

Grind, pisnd (to powder) : dulnd (to grind coarsely; split peas, etc.).

Gripes, maror, m.

Gristle, kurkuri haddt or simply kurri.

Grizzled, khichari bdl or khichari ddrht, etc. (lit.—like rice and ddl).

Groan, kardhnd.

Grocer, pansdri (also a drug-seller).

Groom, sa,is.

Groove, ndli (lit. drain, small water-course).

Ground, zamm : vide Cause, Foundation, Proof.

Groundless, be-bunydd.

GRO 75 HAI

Grow, barhnd, gen. (increase in size, etc ): ugna, spring up from the ground(of plants) :

* vide'

Increase, Improve.

Growl, ghurrdna.

Grudge, kina (rakhnd) (also malice, rancour, spite).

Grumble, burburdnd (with discontent) : vide Complaint.

Guarantee, vide Security.

Guard, to,—kl hifdzat or nigah-hdni karnd ;

—kd pahra karnd or dendy mil.

or police ;

—ki pdshdm karnd, mil. :—ki chaukiddrl karnd (usually of

police) : vide Sentry, Keeper : gdrad, f., Eng., mil. :—se hoshydr or

chaukas rahnd (to be on one's guard against).

Guardian, rakh-wdl, keeper, custodian, q.v.

Guess, atkal, m. {k.) : qiyds, m. {k.) (also = analogy) ,' atkal se (at a guess) :

vide Conjecture, Estimate, Opinion.

Guest, mihmdn.

Guide, rdJi hatdnd or dikhdnd : —ki rdh-namd.i karnd : rahbar, m., gen.

Guilt, vide Fault, Crime.

Guiltless, be-qusur ; be-jurm.

Guilty, mujrim or qusur-wdr.

Guinea-fowl, chiniya murghi or vildyatt titar.

Guitar, sitdr (lit. three strings).

Gulf, khdrl ; khalij.

Gulp down, to, ghuntnd (of liquids, anger).

^^* Vmasurhd or masurd, m. (the gums) : gond, f. (gum Arabic).

Gun, banduq, f. (small-arm ;vide Rifle) : top, f . (big gun ; cannon) :

charkhl-tmlt top (maxim).

Gunner, topchi : gandar, Eng.

Gunpowder, bdrud or bdrut.

Gush, phut-nikalnd.

Gust, jhokd or jhakold (sudden ;of wind).

Gut, tdnt, f.

Gutter, vide Drain.

Gymnasium, akhdrd (a wrestling-arena, or a place for gymnastic exercises).

HHabit, 'ddat, f. : lat or dkat, f., a bad habit •. tariqa, m., custom q.v.

Habitation, basti (a collection of habitations) : vide House.

Hackney, kirdye kd, adj. : theke kd (in Calcutta).

Hag, dhaddo, f. (an old thin woman) : vide Witch.

Haggle, mol-jol karnd.

Haggler, bakheriyd (also quarrelsome).

Hail, old {parnd) : patthar (stones).

Hair, bdl, m. : rowan or rungtd^ the fine hair on the body of man or beast

bdl ki khdl khinchnd — to split hairs.

HAI 76 HAS

Hair-spring, hal-kamant.

Half, adM, adj. and subs. masc. : adha adhd, half-and-half.

Half-caste, dogJtla or do-7iasla, adj., gen. (any half-breed) : Andru Pldro

(contemptuous term in Calcutta;a reflection on Scotch missionaries

and Jesuit priests) : us ki nasi men phent hai : vide Eurasian.

Hall, daldn, m. : hdl-kamrd, Eng.

Halo, hdla, m. (of moon, or round heads of saints).

Halt, muqdm karnd, (on a march) : tiknd (to tarry) : muqdm or tikdyOy

subs. m.

Halve, ddhoh ddh karnd.

Hammer, mdrtol, m. (ordinary); hathon, f. (goldsmith's) : hathaurd (very

large, for pegs).

Hamper, vide Impede : qdnun se mere hdth pd,on jhakare hu,e haih(= I am

hampered—"fettered"— by regulations).

Hand, hdth, m. (also the arm;the fore-leg of a horse

;the foot of a hawk :

also = a cubit) : hand-breadth = chdr-ungal, adv

Handcuff, hath-kart, f.

Handful, mutthi-{bhar), adv.

Handkerchief, ru-mdl, m.

Handle, dasta, ni. : vide Touch: mal-dal karnd,to hdbudle

,ruh (of things

or small animals, etc.;also to squeeze a mistress; maid dald— " not

fresh goods," of a girl that has been often engaged, etc., etc).

Handsome, shakil (of animate things only) : shdn-ddr (of houses, furniture,and also of animate things).

Hang, tdngnd (from a height, above); latkdnd, gen. tr., to suspend; tdngndand lataknd, intr. : phdnsi dend (by execution).

Hanger-on, pichh-laggu : vide Creature and Parasite.

Happen, hond ; wdqi^ hond : ho-parnd or d-parnd, to befall (i.e., suddenly).

Happy, khush o khurram : phald phuld, prosperous.

Harass, tang karnd; diqq karnd; satdnd, gen.

Harbour, langar-gdh :' vide

'

Shelter.

Hard, sakht ; kard ;' vide

'

Difficult.

Hare, khar-gosh.

Harem, zandna or zandna makdn, gen.: haram-sard (of rulers).

Harm, nuqsdn or zarar pahuncMrm : kisi kd bigarnd : vide Loss.

Harmful, muzi (of animals or men).

Harmless, sudhd or bs-dzdr (of animals): nek-bakht (of animals, people;

good, of a child) : be-zarar (of drugs, food, persons).

Harness, sdz, m. {lagdnd or charhdnd) : joind, to harness (horse or

bullocks in plough) ; [jot, f., trace].

Harsh, khurdurd (rough to the touch) : vide Hard.

Harvest, kdtni kd waqt ; fast kd waqt.

Hasten, jaldi karnd.

Hasty, jald-bdz (not in good sense).

HAT 77 HEA

Hat, topi, gen.

Hatch, ande se nlkalna, tr.

Hatchet, kulharl.

Hate, kisi se nafrat rakhna , gen. (to dislike): lit. —dill nafrat, gen. (aversion

to) : kisl se bu^z rakhna (to hate;of people only) : kisl se dushmanl

rakhna.

Haughtiness, \dimagji-dar : dimdcjh, subs., haughtiness (lit. brain, the cause

Haughty, J of haughtiness) : vide Proud.

Haul, us tijarat men hahut rupiya plt-liya = he made a great haul;vide

Lucrative.

Haunted, bhuihd, adj., coll. : bhut-wdld.

Have, vide Keep: no one word; expressed by ke pas hond, or the genitivewith hond, etc., etc.

;vide

''Phillott's Hindustani Manual," p. 75.

Hawk, bdz, m., used in a general _sense (but properly the female goshawk,q.v.) : bdz se shikdr khelnd verb : pherl karke bechnd, tr. (of mer-

chandise.)

Hawker, pheri-wdld, gen. : bakas-wdld, peddler.

Hazard jokhon men ddlnd, to hazard: jokhon kd or khatre kd, hazardous.

Head, sir, H.; sar, P. (of living things) : sird (gen., of inanimate things) :

vide Leader and Source : sarddr hona, to be at the head of,in a good

cause;and sar-ghana, ditto in a bad cause : sir kd dard, headache.

Headlong, sir ke bal.

Headquarters, sadr, m. (also the chief seat in an assembly, and the chief

bazar in a Cantonment) ;for sadr maqdm.

Headstall, sir-duwdll, of bridle: nuktd, halter.

Headstrong, sar-kash, gen.

Heal, shifd dend (of God) : fuldh ddktar ke 'ildj se achchhd hu,d (lit. he

got well by So-and-So's treatment).

Health, tandurusU or sihhat {good health) : now in Urdu sihhat is used

generally for health gooi or bad : otherwise mizdj or tabVat.

Heap, dher, m. : toda, m.

Hear, sunnd : [the tr. sundnd, to read aloud to, to tell]: vide Attend to,Listen.

Hearsay, sunl-sund,l bdt.

Heart, dil : jl, mind; kalejd, liver, (is used for heart metaphorically, as :

kalejd munh ko dyd, my heart came into my mouth ; from fear, grief) ;

shahr kl ndf, the heart of the city (lit. navel) : vide Centre, Courage,bar zabdn ydd karnd^ to learn by heart = az bar * karnd : dil dahalnd

(to beat, of the heart, from fear) : dil se, heartily.

Heat, garmi ; and hardrat (spec, of body) gen, : tapish (of sun only) jalan,m., burning: khUn kl hardrat, blood-heat: garm karnd, to heat;vide Warm.

Heaven, Bihisht and Jannat, Paradise, i.e. either Heaven or the Garden of

Eden) : dsmdn, sky.

1 Az, P. "from," and bar, P. "

breast," and also prep." on "

: bar-a-bar, bara-har = level, etc.

HEA 78 HIS

Heavy, bhari : bojhal (cumbrous, of people or animals).

Heel, eft, f.

Height, bulandi ; uncha^t.

Heir, xvdria, m. : wdrisa, f.

H 11' h \/«^o^wa^> ^-

; dozakh, m.; jahannamt and dozaJcM, hellish.

Helmet, khod, m.

Help, vide Assist : kist kl mushkil asan karnd ; kisi kd dukh dur kamd :

kiye baghair nahln rah-saktd, he cant help doing it;mde Stop.

Helpless, nikammdy useless; Id-chdr, without alternative ;

destitute ; dis-

abled;without an excuse

; at a loss.

Hemorrhoids, khunl bawdsir.

Hemp, bhang or bhdng, or coll. sabzi (the old leaf, etc.) ; gdnja (the youngtops and flowers) ;

charas (the resin).

Hen, murc^i,* vide

' Cock and Chicken.

Hen-pecked, jo.ru kd ghuldm : vide Uxorious.

Herald, naqib.

Herb, jafi butl^ (medicinal).

Herd, galla or rewaf, m., of cattle, or sheep and goats.

Herdsman, charwdhd, gen. (lit. grazier) : vide Shepherd.

Hereditary, maurust.

Hero,surmd : Rustam.

Hesitate, dhuk chuk karnd ; and dgd ptchhd karnd : vide Delay, Doubt,Vacillate.

Hesitation, dhuk chukdhat, f . : dubdhd (also doubt) : vide Reflection.

Hiccough, hickld {lend) (also = sobbing).

Hide, c hhUfdnd : poshtda karnd : parda rakhnd, conceal, q.v. : charsd, m.

Hideous, dard.cnd ; muhib (lit. terrifying).

High, unchd ; dsmdn khonchd, lofty, (lit. sky-prodder) : dsmdn se bdten

kartd : buland, tall (and also very high).

High-mettled, jdn-ddr, (of horse or man).

Hill, paJmr, m. (or mountain) ; pahdn^ f., small hill.

Hinder, rukdivat ddlnd : hhalal ddlnd (interrupt or hinder).

Hinge, qabza, m. : vide Pivot.

Hint, ishdra se kahnd : [ishdra karnd, to signal, to point, with finger or

eye ;ishdra dend^ to signal with flag, etc.].

Hip, kula or kulhd.

Hippopotamus*, daryd.i ghord (lit. water-horse, also = walrus); jal-hdihi

(ditto).

Hire, kirdya, m. (also rent) {—par lend or dend) : ujrat.i., oi labourera,vide Wage.

Hireling, bhdre kd taitu, lit. and met.

History, tawdrihh, f,, sing.; gen. (prop. Ar. pi. of tdrtkh, date): tdrikh kl

kitdb, history-book.

HIT 79 HOS

Hit, lagndj intr. (of pellet, etc.) : vide Strike.

Hive, muhdl, m.

Hoarse, dwdz bhdri ho-jdnd, or galla haith-jdnd.

Hock, kunch, f.

Hold, vide Seize, Keep, Maintain, Contain : girifty f. (grasp). 2200

Hole, chhed, m.; surdhh, m. : ghar (in strap).

Holiday, taHil, f . :

* vide'

Festival.

Holloe, aji o jane-wdld ! or —miyan ! (or some such phrase ; to one at a

distance) ;hain or ain or oho (for astonishment).

Hollow, khokhld, adj. ; pold, adj. (also of cotton-soil, dangerous to ride

over) :—dhasi hu,l ankhen, hollow or sunken eyes {dhasnd, to sink in

mud, etc.).

Holy, 'pdk : muqaddas.

Homage, ita'at qabul karnd (to offer or accept obedience to).

Home, vide House.

Honest, diydnat-ddr (of servants) ; Imdn-ddr or rdst-bdz (of shopkeepers).

Honey, shahd^ m.; madh, m. : shahd ki makkhi or madh-makkht

, honey-bee : chhattd, m. (the comb).

Honour, ta'zim, i.{k.)_gen. (of parents, God or equals) : sar-fardz k. (of

king to subject) : abru, f.; 'izzat, f.

Honorary, anareri, Eng.

Hood, topi (of cloak).

Hoof, sum, m. (uncloven) : khur, m. (cloven).

Hook, huk, gen. m., Eng.: kundd, m.., gen. : kdntd, (fishing-hook): naro mdda huk, hooks and e yes: tote ki si ndk-wdld (hook-nosed).

Hoop, chakkar :* vide

'

Circle.

Hop, to, ek pd,on par chalnd (of men): phudaknd (of birds and met. of

small children).

Hope, ummed, f. : dsrd, m. : in shd^ Allah = I hope ; by Muslims) ; Bhag-wdn ki icJichhd (Hindus).

' Vide' Expect.

Horizon, matla^, Ar. (lit. place of rising).

Horn, singh, m. : 'vide' Antler: nar-singhd (musical): singh-ddr, adj.,"horned."

Hornet, bhirnd, m. :

* vide'

Wasp.

Horoscope, janam-patr ,m.

Horrible, vide Frightful.

Horror, dahshat aur nafrat.

Horse, ghord, m.: ghori, f. (also a saddle stand): kotal kd ghord, a led

horse.

Horse-breaker, chdbuk-sawdr , gen. (also rough-rider).

Horsemanship, shdh-sawdri ;— kdkartab (feats of — ).

Horse-race, ghur-daur.

Hospitable, mihmdn-nawdz.

Hospital, shifd-hhdnd {shifd, f. = cure) : haspitdl, m., Eng.

HOS 80 HYS

Host, mezbdn : tiddi-dal lashkar (great army).

Hostile,— ke mukhdlif.

Hot, tatta, adj. : garm gen.

Hotchpotch, khichji, met. (Ut. a dish of rice and dal).

Hough, mde Hock.

Hound, hu-dar kuttd.

Hour, ghanid (also a bell, a gong): ghan ghan, hourly fig. , hnt ghanteghante, lit. (as of medicine to be taken).

Houri, hur, f., Eng. (in Ar. a pi.).

House, ^^ar, m. : makdn : khdna (in compounds, or of fowl or pigeon-houses;also a case or division).

House-breaker, naqah-zan or sehdh-mdr (by digging through ;vide Break).

House-maid, farrdsh (a -man who dusts, looks after bedding, etc., etc.).

Hover, mandldnd, intr., lit. and fig.

Howl, hu,d hu,d karnd (of jackals).

Hubbub, hap-gap, f.

Hug, dabochnd, gen.

Hum, vide Buzz.

Humble, munkasir (opp. to maghrur) : wuh sab se jhukke miltd hai (in a

good sense) .

Humbug, to, dam jhdnsd dend.

Humiliation, zillat, f .;

' vide' Disgrace.

Humour, to, ki ndz-barddri karnd.

Hunchbacked, kubrd.

Hunger, bhukh, f. [lagnd) :' vide

'

Appetite.

Hungry, bhukhd.

Hunt, shikdr karnd :* vide

'

Search.

Hurdle, tattt, i.

2250 Hurry, vide Hasten: mujhe is waqt harbari hai (I *m in a hurry) : vide Pre-

cipitation.

Hurt, chot, f., gen. : vide Wound; badan kd nuqsdn.

Hurtful, muzirr (of eatables, advice, companions, etc.).

Husband, shauhar ; miydh ; khasam, vulg.

Hush-money, munh-bhard,i.

Husk, vide Peel.

Hut, jhonprd, m. : jhonprl, f.

Hybrid, vide Half-casi>e.

Hyena, lakar bagghd: charkh (also = the Saker Falcon).

Hypocrisy, riya /. (gen. religious).

Hypocrite, mundfiq, m., gen.

Hysterical, mirdqi, gen. : [hysteria in a woman is by the vulgar called dseb

or sdya, i.e., it is a disease to be cured by an ^dmil and not by a

hakirn].

ICE 81 IMP

Ice, harf, f. (properly snow).

Ichneumon, nevoid, m.; ne,oU, f.

Idea, khaydl, m., vulg. khiydl: khaydl-i khdm (ridiculous—

): 'vide*

Thought, BeUeve, Opinion.

Idiom, muhdwara, m. : {dj kal ke muhdware men nahm hai = obsolete).

Idiot, baudhd, Ht : miydn buddhu hai fig. (sarcastic).

Idle, sust (also = lazy, slow, dull in health), nikhattu, idle parasite, vide

Worthless : kdm-chor, a skrimshanker, q.v.

Idol, but, m.; murat, f.

Id 1 t^ I6w^-2:)aras^ ; but-parastl (idolatry).

Idolize,—par fldd hond,

' vide'

Affection.

Ignite, sulagnd, intr. [sulgdnd tr.).

Ignorance, ndddni (opp. to ddnd,i) : jahdlat, f. (opposed to enlightenment) :

Id-Hlrm (opposed to jdnte men ; but be-Hlmi lack of science).

Ignorant, nd-ddn ; jdhil ; Id-Hlm.

Illegal, khildj-i qdnun : khildf-i shara' (contrary to Muslim religious law) :

nd-jd,iz, gen., improper, etc. q.v.

Illegitimate, hardm kd, adj., and hardm-zdda, subs, (of birth) = hardmi, adj. :

haraml pilla (contemp.).

Ill-mannered, bad-tamiz.

Ill-natured, bad-mizdj (bad-tempered, and also of a bad disposition) : bad-

khulq (disobliging).

Ill-timed, be-mauqa' ; be-mahall (inopportune).

Illuminations, chirdghdn karnd.

Illusion, dhokd.

Imagine, hhayal bdndhnd (not much used in trans, except in the sense of,

to picture to oneself) : (but khaydl karnd, to think, suppose) : khaydlbdndho ki turn is waqt Landan ho, now imagine, or picture to yourself,that you are in London).

Imitate,—ki naql karnd (in mockery) : pairavt karnd (to follow an example) :

vide Forge, Counterfeit and Mimic.

Immediately, faur-an ; ahhi ; jhat pat ; vide Directly.

Immortalize, to, kisi kd ndm zinda rakhnd.

Immovable, atal, gen. (of people or things, abstract or concrete).

Impartial, be-taraf-ddr.

Impassable, jdne ke qdbil nahm ; band.

Impatient, be-sabr, adj : be-sabrl, subs.

Impediment, rukdwat f . : sadd-i rdh.

Imperfect, nd-tamdm (also unfinished) : ndqis (but vulgarly useless, spoilt) :

nd-lMmil.

Imperfection, nuqs, m.

Imperious, haikri-bdz : haikri, imperiousness : hukum^t jatdnd (to be im-

perious) : sdhibiyat dikhdnd (ditto).

11

IMP 82 INC

Imperiously, hakimana.

Impersonate, kisi kd rup bhamd.

Impertinent, shokh (also cheeky) ; gustdkh (uncivil, rude).

Implicated, vide Partner and Entangled,

Implore, minnat kartd hun ki— or minnat karke kahtd hun ki— ; main 'djizike sdth darkhivdst kaitd hun ki— = main hdth jofke kahtd hun ki—.

Important, zarun : bhdrt, serious, q.v.

Importunate, cham-chichchaf , adj. (lit. to stick to the skin like a tick).

Impose, sir [par] thopnd, met.; {thopnd is to clap on or cast on as dough

into a pan, mortar on a wall, or cowdung-cakes—dpld—on to a wall).

Impossible, nd-mumkin : muhdl.

Impotent, nd-mard, adj. (not virile : nd-mardl, subs.

Impression, chhdp, m. (of seal) : asr, m. (on mind).

Imprisonment, qaid, f.

Improper, be-jd ; nd-mundsib.

Improve, sudharnd, intr., and stidMrnd, tr. : taraqqi, f., advancement.

2300 Imprudent, dge kl soch nahm.

Impudent, vide Impertinent.

Impute, vide Ascribe.

Inadvertently, ghfiflat se (also = carelessly).

Inattentive, kam-tavajjuh : chanchal (restless and inattentive by nature).

Inauspicious, nd-mubdrak ; manhus (unlucky, ill-omened).

Inborn, zdti ; khilql.

Incapacity, be-liydqatl.

Incarnation, dutdr, m. (spec. Hindu) : luuh zidm kd putld hai (he is the

incarnation of tyranny ;lit doll of— ).

Incessant, ktgdtdr, continuous.

Incident, wdqi'a.

Incite, mde Goad : tahrik k, gen. (for good or bad things) : ighwd k. (to

seduce) : ishti'dl k.

Inclined, to,—kl taraf mdyil.

Included, shdmil {k,).

Incoherent, be-jor or be-mel {bdten).

Income, dmadani.

Incompetence, vide Incapacity.

Incomplete, vide Imperfect.

Incomprehensible, samajh se bdhar.

Incongruous, be-jor ; am-mil be-jor.

Inconspicuous, be-namud.

Inconstant, mutaldwvnn mizdj ; [lit. many-coloured in disposition].

Incontestibly, Id-kaldm.

Inconvenient, subhete kd nahm.

Increase, barhnd, intr., and barhdn^, tr.

INC 83 INH

Incredible, 'aql se bdhar.

Incubate, ande send, tr.

Inculcate, dil-nishln karnd.

Incurable, Id'ildj (of disease or person).

Indebted, maqruz : dain-ddr :' vide

'

Obliged.

Indecent, fuhsh, adj., gen. (also subs., m. = abuse).

Indefatigable, a-thak, gen. (of persons or endeavours).

Indefinite, gkair muqarrar (not settled).

Indelible, a-mit (gen in metaphorical sense) : patthar ki lakir^met.

Independent, khud-mukhtdr : khvd-sar.

Index, vide List.

Indicate, daldlat k.

Indifference, (—

taraf se) be-parwdyi.

Indignity, vide Disgrace, Slight, Humiliation.

Indigent, muhtdj.

Indigestible, saqil (also uncouth in sound or difficult to pronounce as double

letters, etc;in Ar. lit. heavy) : pachtd naJim.

Indigo, nil, f. : [wild, adj., dark— or indigo blue].

Indisposition, bad-mazagl, ailment (also slight ill-feeling between friends).

Indistinct, dhundhld, dim : sdf nahin.

Indolent, dlkasi (in work or duty) : drdm-talab or sukh-wdr (loving ease; by

nature).

Induce, targjvlb dend.

Inducement, targhib kl chiz.

Indulge, shardb kd 'ddi hai, he indulges in wine.

Indulgence, ri'dyat kl bdt (i.e. haqq nahm hai).

Industrious, mihnati ; mihnat-kash.

Inevitable, hone-wdld : vide Unavoidable.

Inexperienced, kachchd and khdm (lit." raw ") : nd-tajriba-kdr.

Inexpert, andri.

Inexpressible, baydn se bdhar.[bachcha.

Infant, shir-hhwdra bachcha, or dudh pitd bachcha (suckling) : god kd

Infanticide, bachcha-kushi.

Infer, natija nikdlnd. 2350

Infidel, kdfir (by Muslims) : malechh (by Hindus ; also = unclean : origin-

ally' one that did not know Sanskrit ').

Infidelity, kufr ; be-dim (not having any religion) : vide Adultery.

Inflammation, sozish, f. : jalan, m.

Information, ittild\ f. {dend or karnd) : Jchabar, i {dend or karnd).

Ingenious, kikmatt (of persons).

Ingratitude, nd-shukri.

Inhabit, rahnd (of house) : jd-basnd (to go and settle in).

Inhabitant, rahne-wdld ; bdshinda.

INH 84 INT

Inheritance, mtras, m.

Inhuman, yih ddmt nahin^ or is men ddmtyat nahtn hai.

Initiate, halqe men Idnd (lit. to bring into the circle).

Inject, pichkdri se dawd hhamd.

Injunction, ta^kid f. {k): vide Expressly.

Injure, zarar or nuqsdn pahunchdnd :

* vide'

Damage.

Injustice, be-insdfl :* vide

'

Tyranny.

Ink, raushnd,% [lit. raushni, light] ; siydhl (also blacking and blackness) :

dawdty f., ink-stand.

Inn, sard, f . or ,sard,l, f. (a private or Government ' serae ') : musdfir-khdna (kept up by charity) : dak bangla, m. (a Government stagingbungalow) : hhatydrd, m., inn-keeper and hhatydrin or hhatydri, i.

(looked down on, as they usually hire out their daughters with their

rooms, and are brawlers : kyd turn ne is makdn ko hhatydr-khdnahand-diyd hai is said to a loud quarrelsome person).

Innocent, be-gundh ;* vide

'

Faultless and Sinless and Harmless.

Innuendo, kindya.

Innumerable, he-ginti ; be-shumdr ;* vide

'

Countless.

Inoculate, tika dend : vide Vaccinate.

Inoffensive, vide Harmless.

Inopportune, vide Ill-timed.

Inquire, vide Ask and Enquire.

Insane, vide Mad.

Insect, kird, m. : klre makore, pi.

Insensible, he-hiss (without feeling) : he-hosh (in a faint).

Insipid, phlkd : he-maza.

Insist, zor deke kahtid : hat or zidd kar-ke— (obstinately insist).

Inspection, muldhaza, m. (karnd) :' vide

'

Superintendent.

Instalment, qist, f. (of money).

Instance, vide Example.

Instant, pal, m. ; an, f.;lamha ; mdh-i hdl, the current month.

Instead,—ke hadle men ;

—ke ha-jd,e ;—ke Hwaz men.

Instep, pusht-i-pd.

Instigate, vide Incite, and Goad.

Instinct, haiwdni 'aql.

Instinctively, hhw^ih ma-khwdh (also involuntarily).

Instruct, vide Teach.

Instrument, hathydr, m., vulg., (prop, arms) : dla, m. : auzdr, m., tools, im-

plements (in Ar., pi. ;in Urdu, sing, or pi.).

Insubordinate, v^'de Disobedient, Headstrong.

Insult, men hatak ki = he insulted me :

* vide' Disgrace.

Insure, to, hlrm, m. (karnd).

Intense, shiddat kd : shadld.

Intention, irdda : qasd :' vide

*

Object and Desire.

INT 85 INT

Intercede, sifarish karna (also to recommend) ; shafa'at karnd (gen. ,but by

the uneducated used in a relig. sense only) ;kah sunkar Sahib se mera

qusur mu'af kard-dijiye = intercede with the Sahib for me, get him to

forgive me.

Intercept, rah men pakarnd : raste men gher-lend (of one or more people ):

vide Waylay.

Intercommunion, \rdh o rasm : suhbat (sexual intercourse ; also companion-Intercourse, J ship).

Interest, sud, m., and biydj, m. (on money) : 'vide' Advantage, Benefit:

wasila (influence in high quarters) : Tdiud-gharzi, self-interest or selfish-

ness; a'pne nafa' nuqsdn kd khiydl rakhnd chdhiye, I must look after

my own interests.

Interested, ahl-i gharaz men se hai = interested party.

Interesting, dil-chasp or dil-kash.

Interfere, dakhl dend, gen. : btch men d-kudnd (to intrude; vide Interpose) :

larnd (to clash, of duty, etc.).

Interloper, vide Interfere.

Interlude, vide Interval.

Intermingle, ") ek dusre se mil-jul-jdnd [but miln^i julnd, to resemble closely,

Intermix, ) etc.].

Internal, andaruni.

Interpose, ) bich men rakhnd : bich men parnd, or btch bichd,o karnd (in

Intervene, ) adjustment of quarrel) : vide Mediate.

Interpret, tarjumdn kd kdm karnd ;* vide

'

Translate : khwab ki ta'bir kar-

nd, kahnd, or lagdnd (of dream).

Interrogate, vide Examine.

Interrupt, khalal ddlnd or paidd kdrnd (interrupt or hinder) : vide Stop,Hinder, Delay.

j-^als)-

Interval, fdsila (distance) : vaqfa (pause, interlude) : rah rah-kar (at inter-

Intervene, vide Interpose.

Interview, sharf-i muldzamat kd mauqa' dend : muldqdt ki ijdzat derm.

Intestate, be-vasiyat. [Comrade, Friend).

Intimate, gdrhd ydr (lit. thick friend); langotiyd ydr ; ydr-ghdr ('vide'— 2400

Intolerable, —jis ki bar-dasht nahin ho-saktl.

Intoxicant, nashe kl chiz.

Intrench, khd.i or khandaq khodnd (of trench) : morcha-bandl karnd, gen.

Intrepid, nidar (in good or bad sense).

Intricate, pechida.

Intrigue, vide Plot: laggd-sdzi {k.) (love); laggd lagdnd (to have a love-

intrigue) : at sat {k.) (also = combination against) : jdl phdns {k.)

(not love).

Introduce, jdn pahchdn kardnd (make acquainted), jdri k. gen. (money, or

law, custom, etc.;also to enforce, carry out) : riwdj dend (a custom).

Intrude, Jchwdh ma-khwdh bich men kud-parnd,' vide' Interfere, Interloper.

Intrust, sonpna ; kisl ke hawdle k. ; supurd k.

Intuitively, mujh par yih bat khul-ga^i ki—,or mere dil ne gdwdhl di ki— .

INV 86 JEE

Invade, — par charha,t kama or chafhciyi karke and.

Invalid, kam se ma*zur : vide Sick.

Invent, ijdd kamd.

Investigation, tahqiqdt, f., sing.

Invincible, ajit (also = impregnable).

Invisible, nas^ar se gidHb ; [ghd^ih, alone = absent].

Invite, buldnd ; da'wdt kamd : ne,otd (m.) dend (by Hindus).

Invoke, nam lekar madad mdngnd (of one absent) : kisi kl duhd,t dend (ofone present or absent).

Involuntarily, be-ikhtiydr : khivdh ma-khwdh (also instinctively).

Irksome, diqqat kt bdt : vide Wearisome.

Iron, lohd ; dhani, adj., made of dhan or iron.

Irony, towz, m., subs. : hoU tholi.

Irrecoverable, gayd guzrd.

Irregular, he-tarttb (not in order) ; hhildf-i dastur (contrary to custom) : be-

zdbita (of troops, vide Levy) : be-qd'ida (in grammar).

Irrelevant, be ta'alluq.

Irreligious, be-dln.

Irremediable, Id-Hldj.

Irresponsible , gJiair-jawdb-dih.

Irritable, tunak-mizdj : chirchird (peevish).

Irritate, vide Tease.

Island, jazira, m.; tdpu, m.

Issue, to, jdrt kamd (an order).

Itch, khujll (the sensation, also the disease); khdrisht {ditto ;in Pan jab

also prickly heat).

Item, mad, m. and f.

Itinerary, safar-ndma.

Ivory, hdtht kd ddnt.

JJackal, gidar, m. : siydr, m.

Jacket, jdkat, f., Eng.

Jail, jel-khdna; qdid-hhdna; be-kirdye kd ghar or susrdl (jocose).

Jam, murabbd, m. (also dried preserve) : jdm, m., Eng.

Jar, mdt, m.; matkd, m.; matki, f. (different sizes of porous vessels):

m^rtabdn, m. (of glazed earthenware) : buydm, m. (of china or stone) :

achdn, f. (a pickle glass).

Jasmine, chanbeli.

Jaunt, matar-gasht, f. {k.) (excursion).

Jaw, jabrd, m. : kalla, jaw and cheek (properly head).

Jealous, vide Envious and Suspicious.

Jealousy, rashk (k.) m., gen. : vide Envy.

Jeer, dwdza kasnd (also to speak at a person) : vide Grimace and Mortify.

JES 87 KEE

Jessamine, vide Jasmine.

Jerk, jhatkd dena (also to jog).

Jester, maskhara (professional) : vide Joke.

Jew, Yahudl, m.; Yahudin, f. : ['ibrdni, the Hebrew language].

Jewel, jawdhir, m.; pi. jawdhirdt, m. :

' vide' Oraament.

Jib, ar-jdnd : aryal, adj., jibber.

Jockey, jdki, Eng.

Jog, thokar (f.) dend (with less force than jhatkd,' vide

'

Jerk).

Join, jornd, tr. and jurnd, intr. : mil-jdnd : 'vide' Collect, Adjoin, 2450Encounter: jain ho-jdnd, mil. (join the ranks, of a recruit) : hath menhath mildnd or dend (to join han.ds).

Joint, jor, m., gen. : gdnth, m. (of body; also a knot) : band, m. (of body).

Jointly, milkar.

Joke, thatthd, m. [karnd ; but — mdrnd, to laugh loudly): dil-lagi (k.) ;

mazdq, m. {k) {= pleasantry) : hanst se, in joke.

Jolly, kh'f^sh (from wine).

Jolt, hichkold {dend).

Journal, roz-ndmcha [but roz-ndma, a daily newspaper].

Journey, safar, m. [k.) : sair o safar {k.) (travelling for pleasure).

Joy, } khushl, gen.: hhurrami: shddmdni (gladness): khush o khurram

Joyful, ^ (joyful).

Judge, jaj, Eng. : qdzi (Muslim judge).

Judge, to, faisala sundnd (to issue sentence or decree, q.v.) : vide Opinion.

Judgment-day, roz-insdf ; roz-i qiydmat.

Juggler, batte-hdz ; maddri : 'vide' Conjurer.

Jugular, rag-i jdn (—

vein).

Juice, ras, m.; ^arq, m. (also — sweat and essence) : shlra (sweat, juice, or

syrup) : pdni.

Juicy, rasild; ras-ddr.

Jumble up, to, gad mad karnd.

Jump, M(im, intr., gen., 8bnd kiiddnd, tr. (also to skip); uchhalnd, intr.,

to jump up onto (also = to bound and to rebound; tr., uchhdind, to

toss up) : phaldngnd (prop, of wide-jumping) ; phdndnd (prop, of highjumping) : kudd,l subs.

Jurisdiction, ikhtiydr.

Just, munsif mizdj :' vide

'

True, Correct, Proper, Exact.

Justice, insdf, m. (connected with nisf, m. half) : ddd-dihi or ddd-rasl

giving justice ;and ddd-khwdhi, asking for justice.

Justly, vide Correct.

KKeen, shauqm :

' vide'

Eager, Desirous, Sharp.

Keep, rakhnd : qabze men rakhnd (to keep in possession).

KEE 88 KNO

"Keep," ddshta or rakhnt, a kept-woman.

Keeper, rakh-wdl, gen. : muhdfiT^ or nigah-hdn.

Keepsake, ydd-gdr (also = memorial and monument).

Kettle, ketn, Eng.

Kettle-drum, naqqdra, m. : khurdak (very small).

Key, kunjt : chdbi ; chor-kunjt (false-key).

Kick, Idt mdrnd, gen. (but spec, with one leg) : du-lattl {mdrnd or chaldnd) =pushtak mdrnd or chaldnd (to let fly with both legs) : pd,on se thokar

dend, to kick a ball, etc.

Kid, bakrt kd bachcha (but halwdn kd gosht).

Kidnap, vide Elope with.

Kidney, gurda.

Kill, mdr-ddlnd, gen. : qatl k. (to put to death; of human beings) : zibh

k.f to cut the throat, of man or animals, and hence to slaughter,Muslim fashion: Aa/a/ ^., colloq., to slaughter for food, Muslim, {lit,

to make lawful) : jdn lend.

Kiln, bhaitd (but bhatti, washerman's furnace, q.v.).

Kind, vide Race, Sort: mihrbdn, gen. : mushfiq (tender; used of friends,or a motlier) : vide Generous, etc. : mihrbdm, subs.

Kindred, bhd,l band: ' vide' Relative.

King, pddshdh, gen., with the exception of Hindus: rdjd or mahd-rdjd (of

Hindus) : sultan (of MusHms).

Kingdom, pddshdhat, f .; saltanat (gen., though sultan is special): raj, m.

(prop, of Hindus only).

Kiss, chumnd ; bosa lend: chumd-chdti {k.), mutual kissing.

Kitchen, bdwarchi-Tchdna.

Klick, titkdrnd (to horses; also to express 'I don't care a d—n; in the

Panjab a cUck of the tongue means dissent,"no").

Knapsack, jhold (large) ; jhoU (little).

Knave, vide Blackguard: gkuldm (at cards).

Knead, gundhnd (also= to plait).

Knee, ghutnd, m. : zdnu.

Kneel, ghuthnon ke bal baithnd.

Knife, chhurd (large, vide Dagger): chhurl, f. (small): chdqU, m., pen-knife = qalam-tardsh, m.

Knit, bunnd (also to weave).

2600 Knob, mutthd, m.; lattu, m. (a knob *

shapedjike a ^op,' on the top of

anything, as on iron bedsteads) : ghundi, a ' button '

(lit. a silk

or thread button) : vide Lump.

Knobby, girih-ddr.

Knock, khatkhatdnd (Indians knock with the open hand, not with the

knuckles) : vide Hammer : zdnjir hildnd (in old-fashioned houses there

is a chain on the door which is rattled, etc.) : gird-dend, knock down.

Knot, gdnth, f . : girih, f . : [gathnd - to be compact and hence to be hard

of the body].

KNO 89 LAS

Know, jdnnd :' vide

'

Aware,

Knowingly, jdn hujhkar : vide Purposely.

Knowledge, Him, m.

LLabel, chit, f.

Labour, mihnat, f.; mashaqqat, f. : dimdg3 mihnat, intellectual labour.

Labourer, mazdur (onewho labours for others, on hire) ;kamerd (a labourer,

one that works hard) : mdzdun, wages of a mazdur.

Laborious, quli kd kdm.

Lack, to, fuldn chiz ki kami hai.

Ladder, sirhi (also steps or stairs, q.v.).

Ladle, do,i : jis ke hdth men do,i uskd sah kot — Prov. = all are friends to

the cook.

Lady, shanf 'aurat (woman of gentle birth) : mem sdhiba (Mrs.—

) : ledl

sdhiba (Lady — ).

Lake, tdldb, m.; tdld,o, vulg. (also a tank or reservoir) : tdl, m.

(= lake

only): jhil, f., a marsh or marshy lake.

Lamb, bher kd bachcha.

Lame, langrd : [luld, crippled in the hands or arms].

Lament, ydd karke ndla karndy or —ke gham men ndla karnd : ndla o zdri

k., to lament and weep : wd waild karnd^to lament or complain of.

Lamp, cMrdgJi, m. (native pattern ;also = light) : lamp, m. (English lamp) :

diyd, m. (native pattern) : batti vulg. for any hght (prop. = wick).

Lance, neza, m. ; ballam, m.;barchhd (large spear) ; barchht (small spear ^. v.).

Lancet, nashtar, m. [dend or lagdnd or chubhond).

Land, zamln, f. :

' vide' Earth : khushkl, land as opposed to tari, water:

kindre par utarnd, intr. (from a ship).

Landlord, zamm-ddr (a landholder or owner of land) : mdlik-i makdn, of

house : vide Inn.

Landslip, palidr gir-gayd.

Lane, gali or kucha, any narrow street or lane : galiydrd, alley.

Language, zabdn, f.; boU; bhdkhd, f . : Hbdrat, f. (in writing; style) : roz-

marra (colloquial).

Lantern, Idltain, f . : chor Idltain (dark lantern) : jddu ki Idltain, f. (magic—)

: fdnus f. (a Chinese lantern;also the old-fashioned cloth shade

placed over the chirdgh).

Lap, god, f., or godi : ddman, m., skirt of garment : godi-bhar, lapful.

Larder, modi-khdna, larder and store-room.

Last, '\dkhiri or akhtr, adj. : pichhld : pdr sal, last year : tiknd (endure.

Lastly, J remain ;also to tarry, vide Dwell and Halt) : dhhir men, lastly.

Lasting, pdy-ddr.

LAT 90 LEA

Late, der men or der karke : ab der ho-ga,t jane kd waqt na-rahd, it's too

late to go there now : turn nd-tvaqt d,e, you came late (with a verbin the past) : dj gdfi

*

let'

hat, the train is late : mutawaffq, m ', gen.,deceased: marhum,^ ra. (lit. pitied; i.e., gone to Heaven; prop, of

Muslims only, by Muslims, but sometimes also applied to Christians

but not to Hindus).

Lathe, khardd : [kharddnd, tr., to turnj.

Latrine, pd,e-khdna [jdnd) : bam-pulls, Eng. (a public latrine;a corrup.

either of 'bum place' or else of the term applied in derision to the

latrine-police, Provost-Marshall's assistants, etc., at a camp) : tattl

(jdnd) (lit. screen; hurdle, etc.).

Lattice, jhinjhn (lattice work of metal) : jhinjhn-ddr , latticed : jdli gen.

ja'farl (of bamboo, etc.).

Laugh, hansnd, gen. : khilkhildnd, (giggle q.v.) : thatthd mdrnd = qdh qdhmdmd, to laugh out loud : [in reports, of trials, etc., qdh qdh qdh ="Laughter "] : hansi men urand, to pass off with a laugh.

Law, qdnun : dharm-shdstar {^indixx religious law) : shara' , m., or shan'at,f. (Muslim religious law).

Lawful, shar't (enjoined in Muslim law) ; haldl, gen. (relig. or morallylawful) :

* vide'

Legal.

Lawsuit, muqaddam/ij m.

Lawyer, bd7'istar or kaunsill, barrister : sdlisitar, solicitor : vakil, pleader.

Lay, vide Place, Spread, etc.

Layer, tah, f. (lit. fold).

Lazy, sust ; kdhil.

Lead, stsd, m.

Lead, to, le-chalnd ; dge dge chalnd, to keep just ahead, lead the way : faujkd sarddr hond or fauj ki sarddrt karnd, lead an army : sar ba-rdhl

karnd gen. : vide Guide.

Leaf, pattd (large) ; pattl (small) : waraq, m. (of book) : palla, m. or pat, or

kiwdr m. (of door) [pdt also means the breadth of a river;the stone

of a handmill].

Leak, tapaknd (also to drip) : risnd (exude from porous things): videOoze,Exude.

Lean, dubld ; Idghar, adj.

Lean, to, jhuknd (out of the perpendicular) :—par tek-jdnd, intr., to lean

on ; luuh Idthi tek-kar chaltd hai = he walks with the aid of a stick :

tekdend or tikdnd, tr. (to lean or rest a thing against).

Leap, vide Jump.

Learn, sikhnd, to learn how to do : parhnd (by studying book).

Learned, 'dlim: fdzil (more than 'dlim) :* vide

'

Expert.

Lease, theka (lit. contract).

Leather, chamrd, m.; gen. (also = skin) : khdl f. (fresh hide).

Leave, rukhsat f. (also = dismissal) and chhutti (also = dismissal, leisure,,

and vacation) : vide Permit.

1 Feminine mutawaffaya, and marhuma.

LEA 91 LIE

Leaven, khamir, m. 2560

Led-horse, vide Horse.

Leech, jonk, f.

Leek, gandna, m.

Left, hayan : bain-hatthd, adj., left-handed.

Leg, tang, f.; pair, m. (also = the thigh, q.v.) : pdya (of furniture).

Legal, qanuu-an jd,iz.

Legend, qissa, story.

Legitimate, haldl kd (of children ;also of kamd,i) : vide Lawful.

Leisure, fursat, f. ; chhutti, f . :

' vide'

Respite.

Lemon, limu ; mbu ; lemun, m., etc., etc. : kdgha^ nimbu (a good kind,

small, green, round and with a thin skin — ' like paper').

Lend, qarz (m.) [par) dend (of money) : 'driyat dend or mdnge-dend, to

lend things.

Lender, sud-khwdr, usurer.

Length, lambd,i, f. : till, m. (spec, of cloth or a room).

Leopard, tenduwd : chitd, hunting-leopard or cheetah.

Leper, '\korh, m. (black—

) : juzdm m. (ditto): haras, m. (white) : korhi,

Leprosy, J leper; /2*2am^ (ditto, but politer term).

Less, kam : yih us se thord hai.

Lessee, theke-ddr (or contractor) : [thekd-dene-wdld lessor].

Lesson, sahaq, m.

Lest, aisd na-ho ki : kahin na— .

Lethargic, sust: hojhal (after eating ; prop, heavily laden).

Letter, hhatt, m.; chitthi, f . : harf, m. (of alphabet).

Lettuce, saldt or saldd, m., Eng.

Level, hamwdr (k.) : bardbdr (k.) : vide Flat.

Lever, tekan, m.; uthangan : or uthgan.

Levity, subukl.

Levy, levi, f. (troops).

Liable,— kd mustahiqq.

Liar, jhutd.

Libel, hatak-i 'izzat, f. {k.) leg.

Liberal, vide Generous: dzdd khiydl {oipposite to muta'assib or bigoted).

Liberty, dzddi.

Library, kutub-khdna m.

License laisans, m., Eng. (document): chhut khelnd (to h.a,ve too gvesbt

freedom; substantive not in use).

Lick, chdtnd.

Lid, dhaknd : palak, f., eyelid (also = an eye-twinkling) : papotd^ m.

Lie, jhut, m. (bolnd) (falsehood) : letnd, intr., to lie down, and litdnd, tr.,

to make to lie down : parnd, intr., to be in a fallen state, to be lying :

chhupd rahnd, to lie hidden.

LIE 92 LIT

Lieutenant, Laftant.

Life, jdn, f .; zindagi or zlndagdnl : haydt tnaut ko kaun jdntd kai (saying)" who knows ftught of life or death ?

"

Lifeless, be-jdn; 'vide' Dead: us men jdn nahin, he's a lifeless person,without animation (also = this stuff won't last long).

Lift, {upar ko) uthdnd.

Light, raushan, adj., and wya/a, adj. and subs. (well-Ht,etc.) : raushnl, suha. ;

nur, Ar., m. (in Urdu used only in a religious sense): halkd (notheavy ; also met. slight, as a fault) ;

subuk (not heavy, also fine or

neatly made, of things).

Light, to, raushan karnd or jaldnd (of lamps) : sulgdnd (to kindle a fire ;

in Bombay of lamps also) :— men dg dend, to set fire to.

Lighten, hijU chamaktt hai.

Lightness, halkd-pan; suhuki.

Lightning, hijll.

Like, to, pasand karnd :

' vide' Manner and Resemble.

Lily, vide Lotus.

Limb, 'uzv, m. (vulg. aju) ; pi. a'zd.

Lime, chund, m. (quick-Hme) :

' vide' Lemon: Idsd, m., bird-lime.

Line, laktr, f. (drawn) : khatt, m. (also handwriting, and in Urdu also a

letter) : satar, f. (in a book) : vide Rope. : saff (f.) or lain (f.) hdndhnd,

Eng., intr. (to form line, draw up in Une side by side) : qatar, f.

(line, string, one behind the other: as camels).

Lineage, nasi (of men or animals) : nasah (humans only) ;vide Family.

Lining, astar, m. (as opposed to ahra, m ,the outside).

8600 Link, kari (also any round ring).

Linseed, alsi or tisi ; [not til which is sesamum].

Lion, hahr or habr-sher, [in Persia habr is a tiger] : sherm (lioness).

Lip, honth, m. : lab, m. (also brim, edge).

Lisp, tutldna (of Jews or small children).

List, fihristj f.

Listen, sunnd ; kdn dend ; kdn lagd-kar sunnd, to listen attentively.

Literal, lafzi (of translation as opposed to a bd muhdwara translation) :

is lafz ke lugAvi'

ma'nq kyd hain, what is the literal meaning of this

word ?

Litigious, muqaddama-bdz :' vide

'

Quarrelsome.

Litter, jhol, m. (of pups, etc.) : ltd, f. (lit. horse-dung, q.v.) : bichdll (straw,

etc., bedding for horses) ;kurd karkat, m, (rubbish) : vide Bedding.

Little, chhotd (of size) : nannhd, tiny : thora-sd (of quantity) : zara sd (prop.of quantity ; but sometimes for chhotd sd) : thord thord kar-ke, little

by httle.

i Lughvi is from lughat* '

dictionary ; diction ; word.' '

LIV 93 LOR

Live, jmd, to be alive : ji-uthna, to come to life : murda men jdn ddlnd,to bring to b'fe : 'umr kdtnd (to pass one's life) : zindaqi ha-sar karnd,to pass one's life or pass one's time : quzrdn karnd, pass one's time

tem^OYduYily ,di^ amirdna guzrdn kartd hai or amlrdna zindagi ha-sar

kartd hai = " he lives like a prince' '

;kisi kl rotiydh par parnd (to

live upon, sponge upon) : vide Dwell, Stay.

Liver, kalejd (of humans;and met. = heart, q.v.) : kaleji (of animals) :

jiqar, m., gen. (spec, in connection with disease).

Livery, hand, m.;

' vide'

Uniform. : argard (—stable

;also riding-school

and cab-stand).

Living, vide Alive : ma'dsh, i., means of livelihood (also in mod. coll. =zarmn-ddrl) ; rozl, daily bread : roz-gdr, employment.

Load, boih, m. (Iddnd) : bar, m. (karnd) : vide Weight.

Loaf, pd,o roti (of English bread) ;ek roti, gen. : pard-phirnd, to loaf

about in different people's houses, sponging on them : vide Wander.

Loafer, nikhattu, a sponger or one that wonH work (not of servants) butwith no idea of wandering.

Loan, vide Lend.

Loathsome, ghind,ond also disgusting, q.v.

Lock, tdld, m. or qufl, m. (also padlock).

Lockjaw, kalld or jahrd baith-jdnd, to have lockjaw : ddnt par dant baith-jdnd(ditto) : [kalld uthtd nahm, my jaws won't open].

Locust, tiddl, f.; malakh, m.

;mor malakh ddmi = tiddl dal fauj, a host, q.v.

Log, kundd (short and roundish;also = butt, q.v.).

Loeicallv [^^^-^^V •' '^(J'^tiq ke ru se, logically speaking.

Loins, vide Waist.

Loneliness, tanhd,i (of humans) : sund-pan (of places).

Long, lambd (of things) : bahut muddat (a long time; weeks or more) ;

bahut der (less than a day) : tarasnd, to long for : vide Wish, etc.

Long-lived, bari 'umr kd.

Long-winded, dur-dam.

Look, —kl taraf nigdh or nazar karnd : nazar daurdnM (look all round) :

' vide'

Inspection : kisi ki taraf (or ko) dekhnd (to look and to see) :—par nazar ddlnd, to look through (a letter, etc.) : vide Watch,Observe, Seem : lo ! or dekho ! interj .

Loop, halqa.

Loose, dhild (also slack, lit. and met.) : khuld (open, untied).

Lopsided, vide Weight.. bdtunl (talkative ; gen. in a good sense) : bakkt or fuzul-qo

Loauacio ](loquacious and tiresome) : qappi (gossiping) : labbdk (a

Loa a *t

*

1"bak-stick," i.e. talks a great deal and exaggerates his

^'I

deeds) : substantives are bdluni-pan, m.; hakwds, f. or

bak, i. a,nd fuzul-qo, t : labbdki.

Lordly, hdkimdna : vide Imperious.

LOS 94 LYN

Loscj khona, tr., and kho-jdnd, intr. : gum k. and h. (the trans, signifiesthat one has lost a thing on purpose or through culpable neglect ;

I

have lost my purse, meri thaiU kho-ga.i or gum ho-ga^t) i nuqmn hond

(of a limb): jatd-rahnd, intr. (of limbs, property, relations by death):hdmd (suffer, defeat, q.v.).

Loss, nuqsdn, m., gen. : ghdid or totd (in trade, of money) : zarar, m., harm.

Lot, )qismat; taqdtr : 'vide' Fate: Idt, m. (in an auction): chitthi or

Lots, I qur'a ddlnd (to cast lots).

Lotus, kanuxd, m., any large white water-lily: mlufar, m., the small white

water-lily: padam, gen., any water-lily.

Lottery, Idtari, f.

Loud, zor kd—.

Louse, jun, f., gen. (also in some parts the head-louse only): cktlar, f.,

the body-louse.

Love, *ishq, m., great love or passion (as between lovers, or of Jacob for

Joseph) : muhabbat, gen. (also affection) : pydr, m.,Hindi.

Lover, 'dshiq (also— par 'dshiq hond, in love with).

Low, nichd :' vide

'

Mean.

Loyal, nam^k-haldl (of persons) : khhair-khwdh (well-wisher) :

' vide'

Faithful.

Lozenge, lauz, f . : lauz kishakl men, lozenge-sliaped.

Luck, vide Fate and Lot : qismat, f . (fate ;also luck in a lottery) : bhdg

(fate) : dekhiye kyd nasib hogd (let me see what my luck will bring me).

Lucky, mubdrak (auspicious) : qismat-wdld or naslb-wdld.

Lucrative, is tijdrat men hun barastd hai (Ht. rains '

pagodas'

') : vide Haul.

Luggage, asbdb^ m., sing.; sdmdn, m.

Lukewarm, shtr-garm : ku-garm, Panj. (well-warm).

Lull, ) lori: Ion dekar suldnd, to lull to sleep by a lullaby : thapak-karLullaby, j suland, to lull by patting.

Lump, dheld (clod of earth) : dald, gen. ; yak muahl rupiya dend, to payin a lump sum.

Lurk, ghdt men rahnd; (but — baithnd, to sit in one place in ambush).

Lunch, tifin or tifan m.

Luscious, mithE rasddr :* vide

' Sweet and Juicy.

Lust, sh^hwat, f.

Lusty, vide Sturdy.

Luxuriance, vide Abundant.

Luxurious, |sukhwdr ; drdm-talab ;

'

aish-pasand : substantives are sukhwdrlLuxury, ) dram-talabl ;

'

aish-pasandi.

Lynx, siydh-gosh m. (lit. black-ear).

1 *

Pagoda' a gold coin of Southern India.

MAC 95 MAN

MMace, jawatrl, f. (the spice) : 'asa, m. (the stick).

Machine, mishm, f. Eng. ; kal, f., (also= machinery; kal ka, mechanical).

Mad, pagal (crazy) : diwana or majnun (mad, insane) : diwanon kt tarak

(madly).

Magazine, magzm, f., Eng. (for powder, = bdrut-khdnd, m.) .• risdla (also

pamphlet).

Magic, jddu, m.

Magician, jddu-gar, m., and jddu-garni, £. : vide Witch.

Magistrate, magistaret, Eng.

Magnanimous, ^dlt himmai, (also = of high ambition).

Magnet, magnatts, f.

Magniloquent, 'arabl farsi chhdntne^wald.

Maiden, kunwdri (unmarried).

Mail, ddk, f. : "mel,^^ m., f., Eng.

Maintain, nihdhnd, to keep up (as one's position) : man bap ki kifdlakarrm (to maintain one's parents ; kifdlat k., also used for wife) : pdlndor parwarish k. (of children or the poor) : kisi kd kharch uthdnd.

Maintenance, roti kaprd, or khdnd kaprd {dend) : nan o nafaqa : khur o posh.

Maize, makkd or maka,i.

Make, banana;' vide' Forged, Execute, Compel.

Makeweight, pd-sang.

Malcontent, sarkdr kd bad-khwdh : vide Discontent.

Male, nar (of animals).

Malice, khubs, m. or khubdsat, f.;

kina. (rancour, the bearing of malice) ;

shutur-kina-gi (ditto but more so).

Mallet, mugrd or mugri (for gongs).

Man, / insdn (human being) : ddmi (ditto ;also vulg. = servant

;also

Mankind, i vulg. = mard husband; more vulgarly still, wife) : mard (as

opposed to 'aurat) : jawdn, a young man; ddam-zdd, mankind.

Manage, —kd intizdm karnd, to administer : vide Control.

Manager, manejar (of Eng. firm) : kdr-parddz (of zamm-ddri, etc.).

Mane, ydl, f, (of horses, etc., or lion).

Manger, horses are generally fed in a ndnd, m., i.e. a large shallow porousearthen vessel.

Mango, dm, m.

ManifestM *f tl \

^^^^^'' ^i^®

' Evident : zdhir-an, adv.

Manna, mann-salva (still found in certain deserts;met. = ni'm^t).

Manner, taur, m.; tarah, f.

; tariqa, m. ; dhang, m.; waz^, f.

Manoeuvre, ddon (or ddnw) ghat (^.), gen. (mil., or of a single person, or of

an animal).

Mansion, haveli.

MAN 96 MAS

Manufacture, [is mulk men kya kyd chlzen banti kain].

Manure, khad, f. {ddlnd).

Manuscript, qalamt kiiah ; hath H Ukht M,f kitdb : navishta, MS. not inthe form of a book.

Many, bahut; bahuierd: dher 5e, pi., or dher sdre^ or bahut sdre, very many.Map, naqsha, ra. [khtnchnd or banana) : khdkd (khtnchnd) (any outlined

or rough plan; but khdkd ufdnd, to caricature, of a drawing or des-

cription).

Marble, sang-i marmar, m. : sang-i marmar kd —adj.

March, kuch karnd.

Mare, ghori ; mMiydn : tatuwdnl, pony-mare : hdtht kd andd, a mare'snest.

Margin, hdshiya'

(of book or garment ; also a marginal note, and now a

foot-note) ;vide Edge.

Marigold, gendd.

Marine, bahri, gen. (also the female of the Peregrine Falcon).

Mark, nishdn, m.;'aldmat (sign) : vide Track : nambar, m. (in an exam.).

2700 Market, hdt, m. (lagnd) (spec, a weekly market) ; markit, m., a market-

place, English: mandt, a 'quarter' where any one special kind of

goods is sold : painth. m. market-day in a village : bdzdr bhd^o, market

price; mVM, ditto.

Marksman, nisJmna-bdz : markaz-mer, Eng., mil.

-- . Cshddi (Jc.) (also in some parts sJmdi is used for any joyousarnage, \

celebration) : bydh [k.) gen. : nikdh {k.) (according to the^^ ^'

( Muslim nikdh, ceremony.

Marrow, gud, m. (also = brain, pith, crumb of bread, pulp of fruit) : maghz(also = brain or kernel of nuts).

Marsh, jhil, f .

•

pdnkd (bog; also black stinking mud): daldal {a. deadly

quick-sand).

Martingale, zer-band, m.

Martyr, shahid^

Martyrdom, shahddat, f. (also = testifying, giving evidence).

Masculine, muzakkar, in grammar : marddna (of women).

Mash, bhurtd {bandnd) (of potatoes, etc.): maheld {ior horses; spec, of

moth).

Mason, rdj (brick-layer) : sang-tardsh (stone-cutter).

Massacre, khun-rezl (slaughter, bloodshed) : qail-i 'dmm, a general massacre.

Mast, mustuly m.

Master, miydn; dqd: mdlik (owner and vulg. master): ^;^c?e Chief, Ruler,

Teacher, Expert : sdhib-i khdna :' vide

'

Control.

Masterless, Id-wdris (without owner; of property or animals).

1 Haahiya charhana, to make a marginal note and also to ' embroider ' a story.* Properly one who dies for the Faith; also anyone slain in a religious war, or

killed unjustly, or anyone dying from plague, etc., if he does not flee from it, or anyone dying a pitiful death as by fire or flood.

MAS 97 MEE

Masturbation, jalaq, m. {mama : muth {mama).

Match, diyd-sald,l^ : fatila (for guns, etc.; prop. wick).

Match, to, is ke jor kd nahin — this doesn't match: is ke jor kd hharido,match this for me at a shop : sawdl o jawdh hond (of pictures, panels,windows, doors, etc.; i.e. matching in size and position, etc.): jor

lagdnd (in competitions).

Matchless, Id-sdni ; be-nazlr : he-misl.

Matchlock, tore-ddr banduq ; jazdHl (the long Afghan flint-lock).

Mate, jord :— kd jord lagnd, intr., to mate.

Mathematics, {'ilm-i) riydzi.

Matter, pip,i. (pus); mawddd, m., sing, (pus, etc.): mddda, m. (matteras opposed to 'aql or ruh) :

' vide' .Affair: ko,i muzdyaqa nahin — jdnedo (it is of no consequence, important, q.v.).

Matting, chatd,i, gen. : horiyd, m. (also applied to the mat of faqtrs, 'dbids ^

etc.) [boriydbistar = bag and baggage] : sital pdti (cool ;for sleeping on).

Mattress, toshak, f.

Mature, bdligh (of youths) : jawdn (of humans or animals) : vide Ripe and

Young.

Maturity, bulu^, m. : jawdm.

Mausoleum, maqbara, m. (also a cemetery) : mazdr^ f. m. (prop, a place of

pilgrimage).

Maxim, maqula.

Maximum, intihd,l darje kd (opp. to ibtidd,i darje kd).

Mean, nich, gen. (of people or things) : also chhotd kdm (a mean action) :

pdji (also rascally) : vide Medium.

Meaning, ma'na or ma'm, masc., pi. ;

matlab :

' vide'

Object.

Meanness, kamitia^pan ; pdjl-pan.

Means, waslla: zarl'a, m. :

* vide'

Income, Plan.

Meanwhile, itne men ; is 'arse men.

Measure, ndpnd, tr. (of length) .• paimdnd (of length, but spec, of quantity):vide Estimate: qadd aur sma ndpnd (of recruits): ndp, f., subs.:

paimdyish, f. (of land; also = survey) : napnd or paimdnd m. (a vessel

to measure quantity).

Meat, gosht, m. :

' vide' Food : ddna pdni = meat and drink.

Mechanical, kal kd :' vide

'

Machine.

Medal, tamgha; tag[hma.

Meddle, vide Interfere.

Mediate, blch bichd.o k. ; bich men parnd ;

' vide'

Intervene : shafV media-

tor, religiously.

Medicine, dawd, f.;dawd ddru, f.

; dawd,%, vulg.

Mediocre, \ wdjibi (fair) : ma'muli (ordinary) or aisd waisd (indifferent, not

Medium, ) up to average) ,ausat darje kd

;bich kd (average) : manjhold

(of size).

Meek, miskin or gharlb"^ (both = poor) : vide Gentle, Humble.

1 Diya or diwa m. is the Hindi for chiragh, and salUyi is a bodkin, a collyrium-needle, a probe, etc. ^ Gharlh in Arabic means stranger, extraordinary.

13

MEE 98 MET

Meet, umh raste men mujh ko mild, I met liim on the road accidentally ;

but wuh mujh se mild, he met me by appointment: vide Encounter,Assemble.

Meeting, vide Assembly : muldqdt^ f. (of two parties).

Melancholy, mdllkhuliydy m. (the disease).

Melody, dhang, m.

Melon, tarbuz (water-melon): kharbuza (musk-melon ) : sarda (the Kabulmelon).

Melt, pigalnd (by heat): ghulnd (be dissolved): pant hond (of ice; also-

pigalnd and improperly ghulnd) : galnd, to become soft and go to

pieces (of meat, etc.; by putrefaction, digestion; or cooking).

2750 Member, vide Limb : mimbar (of a community or club, but not of a family).

Membrane, jhilli; parda.

Memorial, vide Monument.

Memory, hdfiza and chetd, m. (the faculty) ;meri ydd men (within my

memory ; also men hosh men).

Mend, marammat karnd : bandnd (incorrect).

Menses, haiz {se hond), m. : kapre ; kapron se hond (to have menses).

Mention, — hd zikr ^ k. : —kd ndm lend (by name) : zdbdn par land : qdbil-i

zikr, worth mentioning.

Mercantile, tijdratt.

Merchant, tdjir, pi. tujjdr : saudd-gar.

Merciful, bafd rahm-dil (of man) : bard-rahmrwdld or rahim (of God only) :

vide Compassionate.

Mercury, pdrd.

Mercy, rahm, m., gen. ; (of God or man) : Khudd ke fazl se, by the mercyor grace of God.

Merit, vide AbiUty : unch ntch, or achchhd burd (the merits and demerits

of a case) : hunar, m. (good quality).

Merry-making, ndch rang (k.) ; rang-raliydn, sing. {k.).

Mesh, khdna (of a net).

Message, paigidm or paydm, m.

Messenger, qdsid.

Metal, dhdt, f.

Metamorphose, sural badalnd, tr. and —badal-jdnd, intr. :—H kdyd

palatnd, tr. and intr.,or — ki kdyd palat hond or karnd (to change

completely; of persons, things, places, etc.).

Method, tariqa ;' vide

'

Arrangement.

Metaphor, majdz, m. : m^jdz-an (metaphorically).

Metempsychosis, dvdgavan, Hindi (lit. coming and going) : [tandsukh, m.,in high Urdu].

1 Zikr is also a kind of religious gymnastic exercise in which the word Allah, or

one Attribute, is repeated with various contortions and by different muscles of the

throat and stomach, etc., etc.

MID 99 MIS

Mid-day, do-pahr, f.

Middle, wasat, m. ; hlch, m. : wasati and hlch ka^ adj.

Middling, darmiyana (also intermediate) : vide Mediocre.

Midnight, ddhi-rat.

Midwife, dd,i (also nurse) : dd,i jand,i.

Might, vide Power,

Milch, dudhdr.

Mild, narm (of men), vide also Kind, Merciful, Temperate.

Mile, mil : ddh kos (roughly equals a mile).

Milk, duhnd, tr. (to milk) : dudh, m., subs. : lassi and chhdchh, m. (butter-

milk) : shlr-garm, milk-warm, vide Lukewarm.

Milkman, gwdld (the caste)) : dudh-wdld (if not of the gwdld caste) : gwdlin,

f., milkwoman.

Mill, chakkl, gen., but spec, handmill : pan-chakkl (water-mill).

Millet, kangni (small ;for avadavats, etc.) : jawdr and hdjrd (large kinds

of millet).

Million, ) das Idkk : Idkh-patl (owner of a lakh) and karor-pati (ownerMillionaire, ) of a karor) = millionaire.

Mimic, naqqdl (also a professional story-teller) :—ki naql handnd (but naql

karnd, to copy) : naqqdli k., gen. (either of professionals or of chil-

dren etc.) : munh chirdnd (to make faces at ; also to ape foolishly as

of a semi-Europeanized Indian; vide Mortify, Jeer, and Grimace.)

Mince, qima karnd.

Mind, ji ; dil :' vide

'

Opinion, etc. ; merd lihdz nahin kartd (he doesn't

mind me) : jdne-do, never mind; [but kuchh parwd nahin = I don't

care ;vide Matter].

Mine, khdn, f. or kdn, f. (of metal, etc.) : suran^, f. {lagdnd) mil.; {surang

is also a subterraneous passage).

Minaret, mandr, m. (vulg. mindr).

Mint, tak-sdl (the place) : podina, m. (the herb).

Minute, minat, m. (of time) : hdrik, minute (also = fine) : zara-sd (atom-

like) : nannhd-sd (tiny).

Minutiae, juziydt, f., pi. (opp. to kulliydi).

Miracle, mu'jiza, m. (by a Prophet) : kardmat, f. (by a Saint) : but Khuddne apni qudrat dikhla,i.

Mirror, d^ina, m.

Miscarriage, vide Abortion.

Mischief, |shardrdt (also wickedness) : sharir, adj. : fltna (strife, quarrel-

Mischievous, ) ling, sedition) ; fasdd (ditto) : fitna-bdz and fasddi, adj.

Misdeliver, vide Misrelate.

Misdirect, ghalat rasta hatldnd.

Miser, bakhil ; kanjus : makkhi-chus, mean (one that would eat a fly if it

fall into his food) = guh se kauri nikdlne-wdld : shum^ Ar. or sum, H.= bakhil.

Miserable, tabdh hdlat men [but tabdh ruined] : vide Unfortunate ;hhwdr"

khasta; [but khivdr alone also means disgraced and also mean].

Misery, khivdrt ; khardbi.

MIS 100 MON

Misfortune, (kiai par) musibat parnd :* vide

'

Calamity, Ruin.

2800 Misgovern, bad-'amali k.

Misjudge, usici nisbat mera khiyal ghalat nikld : ghalat faisala kamd, in

law, etc.

Mismanage, vide Spoil.

Misplace, be-jagah rakhnd (to put in the wrong place).

Mispronounce, gAalat talaffuz kamd.

Misrelate, mera paighdm kuchh kd kuchh pahunchd-diyd (he misdelivered

my message) : gihalat salat baydn k.,or kuchh kd kuchh baydn kamd (of

a story).

Mislay, rakh-ke bhuUjdnd.

Miss, wdr khdU jdnd (of a blow) : nishdna khdli jdnd (of gun, bow, etc., to

miss the mark) : khaid k. (ditto, of the firer) : na-milnd (of a personor thing, or a train) : ''let '^-hond (to be late for

;main *

let'

ho-gayd,

gati jd'chukt ihi, I missed the train ; gdrl mujhe milte milte rah-ga,i).

Missionary, mishnan, Eng.

Misstate, ghalat baydn kamd,,

Mist, vide Fog.

Mistake, ghplatl ; bhul, f., vulg. : kuchh kd kuchh samajhnd, to be mis-

taken : dhokhe men parnd.

Mistress, ustdnl (of school;fem. of ustdd) : bl-bi (of the house) : ma'shuqa

(loved one).

Misunderstanding, ghalaUfahml (error in understanding).

Mix, mildnd, tr.,and mil-jdrid, intr. : miUjul-jdnd, to commingle thoroughly.

Moan, kuknd, intr. (in grief only) : vide Groan.

Mock, munh chirdnd (to imitate in derision, of words or deeds : also to

imitate badly ;also to make faces) ;

thatthd k. (to ridicule, deride; also

to joke) : vide Mortify, Mimic, Jeer, Grimace.

Model, vide Pattern.

Moderate, vide Temperate, Mediocre, Middling.

Modern, thore dinon kd :* vide

' New : pichhle zamdne kd [but axfle zamdne

kd, ancient, of former times].

Modest, hayd-ddr (of women).

Moist, nam, adj, and naml, subs.

Moisture, rutubat, f (of climate, ground ;also one of the four tempera-

ments of the body).

Mole, hhdl m. ; til m.

Monastery, math, m. (Hindu).

Monday, Pxr, m. ; Somwdr, m. Hindi.

Money, rupiya ; zar (lit. gold): paisd ; 'vide' Wealth: manl-beg, Eng.(money-bag; gen. a leather bag).

Monk, dand^ (Hindu) : langot-band faqir (a celibate faqlr).

Monkey, bandar, m. ; bandariya, f.

Monotheist, muvahhid.

MON 101 MOU

Monotony, yak-rangi, (also means not changing in friendship).

Month, mahina : mdh-wdr, adv., monthly.

Monument, ydd-gdr.

Moon, chdnd, m., gen., but spec, new moon: chandhwm rat kd chdnd

(full moon) : chandnl (moonlight, also tetanus in horses).

Morals, akhldq, m., pi. (also manners; but ilMdq civility).

More, ziydda, adv. : aur, adj.

Morning, subk, f. : vide Dawn, Early.

Morsel, niwdld (of food) ; luqma.

Mortal, fdrii, (opp. to hdqi) : vide Fatal, Deadly.

Mortar, hdwan dasta (mortar and pestle) : masdld, m. (for bricks) ; gdrd, m.

(of mud).

Mortgage, to, rahn k. :' vide

' Pawn.

Mortification, nafs-kushl (k). (by relig. discipline) : riydzat k. (austerities).

Mortify, khisyd-jdnd, intr. and khisydnd, intr. : khijdnd or khisiyd-dend tr.

(also to make jeering faces at) : vide Grimace.

Mosque, masjid, f.

Mosquito, machchhar, m.

Most, ziydda se ziydda, or bahut hahut, at the most : vide Generally.

Moth, parwdna or patanga (that gets into the candle): kapre kd kird, (in

cloth).

Mother, mdn,i.: maiyd, vulg., in address: ammd (in address): wdlida

(polite) : sds (mother-in-law).

Motion, harakat, f., gen. (also movement) : jumhish, f.

Motive, gharaz^' vide

'

Object.

Mould, sdnchd (hollow) (men dhdlnd) ; qdlib (also a form on which a thingis moulded

;

—par charhdnd).

Mouldy, phaphund lagd hu,d or phaphundl lagi hu^l.

Moult, kurlz [khdnd or karnd) : par jhdrnd.

Mound, tuda {hesbip) : mitthl kd dher, m. (heap of earth;also of quantity) :

tekrd (of ruined villages).

Mount, —par charhnd ; sawdri k. (to ride):—par charh-baithnd ; sawdr 2S60

hond (on or in anything) :—ko sawdr karnd or charhdnd^ tr.

Mountain, \pahdr, m. (large); pahdn, mount (small; also adj. = moun-Mountainous, J tainous.

Mourn, —kd mdtam karnd (ceremoniously at death) : kurhnd (in the heart) :

vide Grief, Weep.

Mourner, nauha-gar (professional).

Mouse^ chuM or chuhyd : [chuhd, rat] : ehuhe-ddn (rat-trap) ; and chuhe-

dani (mouse-trap).

Mouth, munh, m. (also face).

Mouthful, vide Morsel.

MOV 102 MUX

Move, jumbish dend or hildnd, tr. ; jumbish karnd or hilnd, intr. : tahrik k,

(to move—an Indian Official) : vide Shift;

dil bhar-dnd or dil umand-ndy (to be moved nearly to tears ; aUo to be moved to compassion) :

dil pigalnd (of melting of the heart).

Mow, dardntl (or ddtrt) se kdtnd (to cut with a sickle)

Much, bahiU : bahuterd (many).

Mucus, rent m. (from nose) ; dnw^ m. (in dysentery) : balgAam, m. (from

throat).

Mud, Hchafy m. : pdnk^ m., boggy black mud; deep mire : klchar se bhard

hu.dy adj., muddy.Mulberry, tut, m.

; shdhtut, m. (a good kind).

Mule, khachchur, m.; khachri, f.

Multiply, chhe ko chdr men zarb do (multipiy 6 by 4).

Multitude, vide Crowd, Host.

Municipality, minusipalfi , Eng.

Munificence, daryd-dill ; faiyydziy' vide' Generous, Beneficent.

Murder, — kd khun k.

Murdered, maqtul (flt. killed;of persons only).

Murderer, Unenl, subs. : qdtil (lit. killer).

Murderous, khuni (of appearance, glance, etc. : of a weapon used in amurder : also = bloody.

Murmur, burburdnd (in discontent) : vide Grumble and Mutter.

Muscle, gosht (lit. meat): vide Sinew.

Mushroom, sdnp kt topi, and mendak kd chhdtd.

Music, rdg-bdjd ; gdnd bajand.

Musician, mlrdsl, m., and rmrdsin, f. (Muslim, profess. ;a caste) : gawaiyd,

m., and gd,in, f., gen. (singer) : Dom, m., and Domni, f. (a Hindulow caste).

Musk, mushk, m. : kasluri, (the musk-deer).Musky, wi^sMm,. adj. = musk-coloured (i.e., jet-black of horses); and also

smelling of musk, of a mistress' tresses, etc.

Musk-rat, chhuchhundar,m.

Muslin, malmal, f., gen. : shah-nam, f. (lit. dew) and db-i rawdn, m. (lit.

running-water; (names of two very fine kinds),

Musquito, vide Mosquito.

Mustache, muchh, f. (also used in pi.).

Mustard, rd.i (edible) : sarson (smaller than following) ; tdrdmird (blackmustard from which oil is made).

Muster, hdziri lend, to — ; ginti, subs., f., mil> :

Musty, gamsd or gamsd hit,a (of flour or any food) : gamsi hu,i bu and, to

smell musty (of a room, books, etc.).

Mutineer, bdgjil, gen. (one who revolts).

Mutiny, to, c^adr karnd, mil.; baghdvat k., gen. (to revolt).

Mutter, munh men bolnd (to speak too low) : bar mdrnd (disconnected mut-

tering) : vide Murmur and Grumble.

MUZ 103 NEA

Muzzle, ihothni (snout of an animal) : chhmka (lagdnd) (for animals; prop,

a net suspended from the roof and used as a meat- or food-safe,' etc.).

Mystery,' vide' Secret: mu^ammd, m. (enigma).

Mystical, J '^^^*' ^^^^ ^^^^^ ' ^^f^V'^^^ ^^J-

Mythology, Purdn, m. (the Books deahng with the Hindu gods).

NNail, ndkhun, m. (of finger) : mekh, f. (also a peg) : preg, f. {thoknd or

jarnd) (of iron) : kil^ i., gen.

Naive, albeld (also = graceful in movement or shape, of humans only ;or

of deer, which by poets are compared to a mistress).

Naked, nangd : mddar-zdd nangd, stark naked : nangd mungd (emphatic ;

also bare, of trees).

Name, ndm, m. {rakhnd) (also reputation; fame, q.v.).

Named, musammd^ m. : musammdt, f. (also = a woman; also a prefix to

the name of any woman, married or unmarried).

Nap, jhapki lend (to take a nap) ; ungnd (also to nod) : usko ungte pdyd =itsko gkdfil pdyd,

" he caught him napping."

Nape, guddl, f.

Narcissus, nargis.

Narcotic, khivdb-dwar, producing sleep : nashila (prop, intoxicant).

Narrate, vide Relate.

Narrow, \tang : kam-chaurd (not broad enoiigh) : gjiaur se, narrowly,

Narrowly, J closely, with attention: mushkil se, hardly, nearly, q.v.

Nasty, bad-maza(—to taste): wdhiydt (nasty to taste; but properly rot,

rubbish, of words, books, etc.) : vide Dirt and Indecent.

Native, desi ; mulki : des or watan, m. (one's native land).

Natural, qudrati (opp. to masnu'i or artificial) : tabi'i (natural to tempera-ment) : khudd-ddd (as husn-i khudd-ddd ko zewar ki zarurat nahm).

Nature, Qudrat, f.

Naughty, nat-khat ; sharir (mischievous, wicked).

Nauseate, '\is dawd se mujhe matli dii hai = is dawd se merd jl matldtd

Nauseating, J hai.

Naval, vide Navy.

Navel, ndf, f.; {shahr kt ndf men = in the centre of the city).

Navigable, kishti ke guzar ke qdbil.

Navy, quwat-i bahri ; bahri, adj., naval (also the female Peregrine).

Near, nazdik ; pds ; qarib ; juzras (rather sfeingy).

Nearly, girte girte bach-gayd he nearly fell : vide Almost.

1 Billi kl bhag se chhinka tfita—Prov. = "by the cat's good luck the meat-safebroke (and fell on the floor)."

NEA 104 NIC

Neat, 8afd,\'pasand.

Necessaries, \?arMr, adj. and adv., but before a noun, zarurl : {zaruriyat or

Necessary, J Zai^«i2ima<, necessaries, necessary things).

Necessity, zarurat, f. : hdjat, f. (need).

Neck, gardariy f.; gold, m. (prop, throat).

Necklace, hdr, m. (of jewels ; also garland) ; mdld, m., gen. (of beads, etc.,

or anything).

Nectar, amrit or amrit pdni,^ ambrosia (the drink of the Hindu gods, con-

ferring immortality) : db-i haydt (the water of life).

Need, hdjat (pressing need) : vide Necessity, Poverty: darkdr hond, to bein need of (vulgarly only is darkdr, a substantive).

Needle, su,l (also = kdntd, iiand of watch or clock): su,d (large, as sail-

maker's or cobbler's needle).

Neglect, "I—se ghdfil rahnd (to be negligent of) : ghajlat k. (on a parti-

Negligence, j cular occasion) : i;?c?e Careless.

Negotiation, sulh kd ndma o paydm {k.) (of peace) : band o bast, m. {k.)^

gen. :

' vide'

Trade.

Mp'

Vhabshi, m. and habshaUy f. (properly Abyssinian).

Neigh, hinhindnd.

Neighbour, parosi ; ham-sdya : paros, m., and ham-sdyagt, f. (neighbour-hood) : ds-pds, m., vicinity (pi. idea).

Neither, na — na, or na to — na : na yih na wuh (of two things) : koi bh%

nahln, none (of two or a number).

Nephew, bhattjd, m. [bhattjl, f.] (brother's son) : bhdnjd, m. [and bhdnjlf] f.

(sister's son).

Nest, ghonsld^ m. : Idjia : {Idna ujdrnd, to harry a nest) : choronkd akhdrd or

aMd, met. (= a nest of thieves) ; bdsd, gen. (lodging or settling-place).

Net, jdl ; jdlt , net-work ; videSnsire.

Nettle, bichhutl (formerly used in Bengal for whipping small boys, onthethighs ;

the plants were first dipped in water to make them more

virulent).

New, nayd : tdza, fresh, q.v. :

' vide'

Strange and Singular.

News, khabar, f. : gap, f. (bazar news or gossip).

Newsmonger, shahr-khabra.

Newspaper, akhbdr, m., sing. : parcha, m., gen. (any newspaper or maga-zine

;also * issue

'of a paper).

Next dusrd (second) : baghpl kd : dyanda (of time; month, week, year).

Nib, niby f., Eng.

Nibble, kutar kutar-ke khdnd,' vide

' Gnaw.

Nice, khush-maza ; maze-ddr (also met. of words = amusing).

Niche, tdq, m. (a recess in a wall).

Nickel, nikal, m., Eng.

1 Concealed in utter darkness. Alexander (the Great ?) sought for it but failed to

find it.

NIC 105 NOT

Nickname, 'wr/, m. (a pet-name which often sticks tlirough Ufe) ; laqab, m.

(in a good sense;also title).

Niece, vide Nephew.

Niggardly, vide Near.

Night, rat, f. : shab, f. : rat din, or shab o roz, night and day: pahdr sijdt(a long and wearisome night) : chdndni rat (opp. to andherl rat) :

shab-khun (night-surprise, with slaughter) : rat kd chhdpd (night attack) :

dj rat ko (to-night) ; wuh rdt dyd— he came last night but wuh rat ko

dyd," he came at night."

Nightingale, hazdr-ddstdn, (brought from Kabul, Persia, etc.); bulbul, m. (a

gen. term applied in Persia to the nightingale and to the bulbuls).

Nightmare, kdbus, m. (hond). > [form)-

Nil, na-ddrad (used only in speech ;the plus sign + indicates nil, in a

Nip, noch-lend, tr.,to nip off : chutki lend (to pinch, also met. to make a snub-

bing remark) : dab-jdnd, intr. (ht. to be pressed, etc., by a door, lid of a

box, or compression between two surfaces) ;dabkar kuchal-jdnd (ditto).

Nipple, bhitni, f. (of man or woman).

Nitre, qalami shora (i.e., shora, in crystals).

Nobility, shardfat, f., gen. (of nature or family) : 'dli khdnddni (of family) ;

umard^^ nobles (pi. of amir \) and ru^asd (pi. of raHs).

Noble, sharif, gen. (pi. shurafd) : ra^is (pi. ru^asd) one of the nobility;amir-zada (ditto).

Nobly, sharifdna.

Nod, sar hildnd : unghnd (in sleep ;also to have a nap, q.v.).

Noise, dwdz, f. (sound or voice) ; shor, m., or ghul, m., or shor o ghul, or ghulghapard (noise, clamour) ; huhd, m. (shouting) : hullar, m. (of peoplein excitement; uproar).

Noisome, vide Harmful and Stench.

Nolens Volens, khwdh ma-khivdh (also = perforce, positively).

Nomad, khdna ba-dosh (ht. house on the shoulder).

Nominal, bard,e ndm.

Nominate, ndm-zad karnd (also to register another's name). 2950Nonentity, puch or muhmal ddmi (of a person ;

muhmal means,"meaning-

less ").

Nonsense, wdhiydt, f . pi. (also = nasty q.v.) : zatal (also indecent ; zatal

ga^2/^ = doggerel or nonsensical rhyme).

Noon, do-pahary f.

Noose, phd.l ; phandd, m., phdns. f.

North, uttar, m., shimdl, m.

Nose, ndk, f.; tobrd, m. (nose-bag); nds-band, or nakord, Panj. (nose-band).

Nostril, nathnd, m.

Note, not, m., or vulg. lot (currency note).

Noteworthy, qdbil-i zikr.

1 Armr, in Urdu, primarily raeans, a rich man.

NOT 106 OBL

Notice, main ne dekha hogd magar main ne khiyal nahln kiya (I must haveseen it but I didn't nofcioe it) : vide Observe : notis, f., Eng. (a publicnotice = ittila\ f.

;vide Advertisement, Declaration).

Notorious, aiigushUjiuma (lit. pointed at by the finger) : bad-ndm (also =defamed without cause): bad, achchhd ; bad-ndm, burd—Prov. "awicked man better than a defamed man ''

: az Shaitan ziyddamash^hur : mVie Celebrated.

Notwithstanding,— ke bd-umjud ; is par bh% (

—this).

Nourish, parwarish kaynd (of a mother, of her children;of poor people):

pdhid, gen. (ditto, but also to rear animals).

Novel, ndvil, m., Eng. (the book) : vide New.

Now, ab (contrasted with past time) but abht (contrasted with future time).'^

Nowhere, kahin nahln.

Noxious, vide Harmful.

Null, bdtil (k).

Numb, sun.

Number, hindsa (a figure in arithmetic) ; nambar (of an ordinal number;

of houses, of regiments or sepoys : vide Count: 'adad, m. (a number

of): ta'ddd, f. (enumeration).

Nun, Maryam-sifat 'aurat (i.e., woman like the Virgin),

Nurse, dd,i, gen. (also midwife) : dudh pildyi, subs, and adj. (wet-nurse) r

timdr-ddr (of the sick) : nars sdhiba (of an English woman-nurse).

Nursery, zakhira (of plants ;lit. any store).

Nut, funduq or fundaq, m. (filbert) : ahhrot, m. (walnufe) ; pista (pistachio).

Nutmeg, jd.e-phal, m.

Nutriment, quwat, f. (lit. strength, power).Nux Vomica, kuchld, m.

Nymphomania, chul ki bimdrt.

OOar, dand, m. : chappu, m.

Oat, ja,l, f.

Oath, qasam, f. (khdnd) ; saugand, f. (khdnd).

Obedience, tdbi*-dart {vnlg.) : farmdn-barddrl.

Obey, —kd hukm mdnnd.^ —ki farmdn-barddrl karnd.

Object, gtharaz, f. [khud-^arazi, selfishness): maqsad, m. or maqsud, m^

(thing aimed at): murdd, f. (heart's desire): matlab, m. (meaning):rtirdz (m.) karnd (to object to) ; mujhe is men 'uzr (m.) hai (I objectto do this).

Objection 'uzr, m. (excuse) i'tirdz, m. {k.) (take exception to) : kaldm, m.

(lit. speech).

Objectionable, makruh (but in a rehg. sense only, without a strong mean-

ing) ; qdbtl'i i'tirdz (objection may be taken to it).

Oblige,—

par majbur karnd or expressed by causal verb compounded with

chhofnd : vide Compel, Force.

1 Vide Phillott's »' Hind. Man.," p. 182.

OBL 107 OFP

Obliged, majhur (forced) :—ka mamnun or ihsan-mand (under obligation to).

Obliterate, vide Efface.

Oblivion, dil se bhuldnd, or —par khdk ddlnd (to bury in oblivion).

Obscene, fuhsh^ adj.; also subs., m.

Obscure, vide Dark and Ambiguous : sdf nahin (of style).

Obsequies, kiryd karm, m. (of Hindus): hajn dafn, m., or mitti manzil, /.

(of Muslims).

Observe, c^aur, f. (or dhydn, m.) karke dekhnd :' vide

' Remark and Perform.

Obsolete, matruk.

Obstacle, rok, m.; rukdwat, f .

Obstinate, ziddi ; hatti or hatUd : magrd. {won't listen).

Obstreperous, cfhaugjid,i (also the name of a noisy bird, the Large Grey .

Babbler).

Obstruct, roknd ; haraj ddlnd: vide Hinder.

Obstruction, sadd, f., gen. ; rukdwat, f. : sudda (obstruction in the bowels).

Obtain, hdsil karnd.

Obviateyhatdnd ; dur karnd ; tain a.

Obvious, vide Evident. 3000Occasion, mauqa' , m., gen. : taqrtb, f. (any joyous occasion or festival, etc.).

Occiput, guddi.

Occurrence, wdqi'a.

Ocean, vide Sea. -

Octroi, chungl

Ocular, dnkhon dekhi hat.

Odd, tdq (not even); phut (ditto); upari, queer: agram bagram chlzen,

odds and ends : vide Peculiar, Singular.

Odour, bu, f. (spec. bad).

Offal, chhichhrd, m. s

Offence,—ka burd manna (to take offence at) : vide Displeasure.

Offensive, chher, f. or pahal, f., karnd, to be the aggressor : hamla (attackas opposed daf'a) : munh-phat, adj. (in speech).

Offer, pesh karnd or sdmne rakhnd : the Imperfect tense of dend = to offer

or the Inf. of dend with lagnd: charhdnd (to idols by Hindus, or on

shrines, etc., by Muslims) : vide Sacrifice.

Offering, charhdwd, gen. : bhent, f. (anything offered to idols that goes to

the priest; not bribe except metaphorically) : nazr, m., or niydz, f. (at

a Mushm shrine) : pujd, f. (of flowers or leaves to an idol; also wor-

ship, prayer to an idol) : qurbdni, sacrifice (of an animal) : balidan, m.

(sacrifice by Hindus).

Office, daftar, m. (also record, volume) ; dfis, m., Eng.

Officer, afsar, Eng.

Officials, 'amala, pi. (native officials) ;'uhda-ddr (European).

Officiate, to,— kisl ke Hwaz men kdm karnd : kisi ki qdyim maqdmi karnd :

qdyim-maqdm (officiating).

OFT 108 ORD

Often, aksar ; bdr-hd.

Oil, tel, m. {malnd) : raugAan, m. (also = butter, ointment, dubbing) :

khaUi (oil-cake) : teHy oilman by caste.

Ointment, marham, m.

Old, hufhd, adj. (of living things) : buMhd, subs, an old man (also incor-

rectly an adj., of people, animals), fem. hvMhl or hUfhya : jmrdnd :

char haras kd = chdr-sdla,'* four years old

": bufhdpd — za'lfi^ (old

age).

Old-fashioned, purdne ivaia' kd or purdne' '

fishan' *

kd,

Olive, zaitun, m.

Omen, fdl, m., gen. ; shtigun, m. gen.

Once, ek bdr, f. (one time) : kisl zamdne men (once upon a time; formerly) :

jhat , isi waqt ; faur-an (immediately).

Onion, pydzy m.

Only, faqdt; sirf ; khdli (vulg.) : vide Alone : eklautd beta (only son).

Onyx, sang-i sulemdnl.

Oozey pastjkar nikalnd (of what oozes out in many places) : pasljnd (to

sweat in many places; of things only, but vide Sweat): rasnd (of

what oozes out ;of many places) : nikalnd (of one or many places).

Opaque, gkair-shaffdf (lit. not transparent).

Open, khuld, adj.: kholnd, tr. and khulnd, intr. : khUnd, intr. (for buds) :

khule maiddn men (in open air but without men = publicly).

Openly, khullam khuld ; bar maid ; sar-i bdzdr ; danke ki chot [se] (all= pub-

licly) : sdf sdf (w ithout reserve) : sarih-an (clearly, plainly).

Opthalmia, dnkh dnd (to have ).

Opinion, rdy, f.

Opium, afyun, f.; afim, f. (vulg.) : afimi (one who smokes or eats opium ;

also used of one who works very slowly).

Opponent, muqdbil (in games; without enmity) : mukhdlif (with enmity).

Opportunity, mauqa\ m, {pdnd).

Oppose, Imuqdbalak., mil. : muMidlafat k. (in meetings, debates; not

Opposition, ) necessarily inimical).

Opposite, —ke muqdbil or sdmne : dmne sdmne (right opposite each other :

of two things) : achchhe kd ultd (or better zidd) burd hai (the oppositeof good is bad).

Oppress, satdnd {also = to tease) :

' vide'

Tyranny : mazlum (oppressed).

Option, ikhtiydr, m. : ikhtiydri bdt (optional).

Oral, zabdni, adj., and fem prep. : taqrlri imtihdn (oral exam, as opposedto tahrlri).

Orange, ndrangl (with close skin) : santara or sangtard (with loose skin).

Order, tartib f.; 'vide' Method, Condition: hukm, m. (command) : vide

Rank, Class : sajdnd^ to put in order, vide Arrange.

Orderly, ardali, m., mil. : vide Regular, Peaceable.

Ordinary, ma'muli.

1 But zM*/» weakness.

ORD 109 PAC

Ordure, vide Dung.

Origin, asl, f. :

' vide'

Beginning.

Ornament, zeba,ish, f. (dena) :' vide

'

Adorn.

Orphan, yatlm (prop, without father) : he-hap, he man hap, etc.

Ovthodo-K, Tchush-i' tiqad : pakka musalman.

Ostensible, zahin.

Ostentation, dikhdvd, m., gen. : riyd^ f. (in religion ; hypocrisy).

Ostrich, shutur-murgh, m. (lit. camel-bird). 3050

Outbid, —se holt harhd-dend (at an auction),

Outhouse, hhindi-khdna : shagird-pesha ,m. (the servants' quarters).

Outpost, chauki (police or mil.) : hikat, f. (picquet).

Outrage, —ki he-hurmati k. (women).

Outstrip, dge nikal-jdnd.

Oval, hatzdwi.

Oven, tanur, m.

Overcome, —par ghdlih dnd :* vide

'

Defeat and Conquer.

Overflow, tughydni men dnd (of a river) : uhalkar girnd (lit. to boil over).

Overhear, sun-pdnd : vide Eaves-dropping.

Overload, hojhal karnd.

Overlook, qil'a mushrif ha-shahr hai (the fort overlooks the city = qil'ashahr he ruhh par hai) : —se chashm-poshi k. (a fault; also to connive

at).

Overseer, varsir, Eng.

Overshadow, gahndnd, tr. (to eclipse; used met. and lit.).

Overtake, main usko jd-liyd or wuh mujhe d-liyd.^

Overturn, aundhd k. or aundhdnd (reverse, on purpose) : ulat-dend (upsetcompletely or partially, by accident or on purpose).

Owe, vide Debt,

Owl, ullu, m., gen. (also a fool) : kdth kd ullu (a wooden owl, i.e. morefoolish even than a live owl).

^^"' { is kd mdlik kaun hai.Owner, )

Ox, hail (castrated) : badhyd (lit. castrated, but in the U.P. a bullock) :

vide Cattle.

Oyster, kasturd, m. (also a hill black-bird).

Pace, qadam, m. (a step) : vide Amble : qadam ha-qadam hond (to keep pacewith, lit. and met.

;also to follow in the footsteps, of a son or a suc-

cessor only ;but naqsh-i qadam par chalnd, of disciples).

Pacify, ghussa thdndd karnd.

1 Lena when thus compounded with an intrans. verb does not take ne. Vide**Stumbling-Bloeks."

PAC 110 PAR

Pack, hand karna : sanduq men kitdben kaal hu,t hain (the books are

packed very tight) : vide Bundle : dasta (of cards) : thunsnd, tr. (tothrust in, press tight).

Packet, jnilanda, m. (of books, letters, etc.).

Pack-horse, laddu ghofd.

Pack-saddle, pdldn, m. : chha,% sund [for sundkd ?] (the pattern used ongrass-cutters' ponies of Native Cavalry).

Pad, gaddt (of cloth) : phdyd, m. (very small, of cotton, wool).

Padlock, vide Lock.

Page, safhuy m. : loaraq, m. (leaf).

Pain, dard, m. :

' vide'

Punishment, Grief.

Painful, dard kartd hai or duhhtd hai.

Paint, rang, m. {charhdnd).

Painter, rang'sdz (of wood, etc.) : naqqdsh or musawwir (of pictures).

Pair, jord, m. or juft, f., male and female (also of shoes, etc.;also a suit of

clothes) : jori (two) : jor lagnd (of birds) ;but jujtl khdnd (to copulate,

of animals and birds).

Palace, mahally m.

Palankeen, pdlkt, f.

Palate, tdlu, m.

Pale, pild or zard (lit. yellow ; from sickness) : rang urnd or faq ho-jdnd

(from fear).

Palm, hatheli (of hand) : vide Date and Cocoanut.

Palsy, ra'sha, m.

Paltry, ek take B chtz (prop, for things).

Pamphlet, risdla, m.

Pang, jdn-kam (pangs of death).

Panic-stricken, he-sahdb khauf se andhd^dhund hhdgnd (to flee panic-

stricken).

Pant, hdnpnd.

Pantomine, gungd sang.

Paper, kdghfiz, m. : takhta (a single sheet of—; not a folded sheet : siydhu

sokh (blotting—

): 'hldting,^ m., Eng.

Parade, qawd'id, f., sing, (drill) : paret, f. : vide Show.

Paradise, Fridaus, m. (also the Garden of Eden) :

' vide'

Heaven.

Parallel, mutawdzi : bardbar bardbar.

Paralysis, laqioa, m. (of half the face) : fdlij, m.

3100 Paramour, dhagrd (contempt, term) : ydr or dshnd.

Parapet, sina-pandh, f.

Parasite, mufUkhor ; or tufaili (people).

Parcel, pdrsal, m., Eng. : vide Packet.

Parch, bhunnd (also to broil).

Pardon, mu'df karna ; mu'dfi dend : baWish-dend (spec, by God).

PAR 111 PAT

Pare, chhllnd.

Parents, man bap ; or walidain,^ pL, masc.

Parley, waqfa (any cessation of hostilities or anything else).

Parrot, tot^i ^- ^^^ M* f- '• rattu, adj. (repeating like a parrot or without

understanding).

Parsimonious, juz-ras ; kauri kauri kd khiydl-karne-wdld ;* vide

'

Near,Miser.

Part, hissa, m. (a portion) ; juz, m. (opp. to kull, the whole) :

' vide'

Share :

sharik hond or shdmil hond (to take part in).

Partake, vide Share.

Partial, thord ; kisi-qadar.

Partiality, taraf-ddrl.

Particular, vide Special : sdrd hdl, m. or hdldt, m., pi. (the particulars) : vide

Details : khass-karke, adv., particularly.

Partition, vide Division.

Partner, sharik ; hissa-ddr ; sdjhi.

Partnership, shardkat or shirkat.

Partridge, i?tor, m., titri,i. (the grey partridge): durrdj (the black par-

tridge) : chakor,'^ m. (the chakor or red-legged partridge) : si-si or

su-su (the see-see, a desert species like a small chakor).

Party, fariq, m., or jamd'at, f., or guroh, f. (faction) : firqa,m.. (sect) : parti,i., Eng. = da'wat, f. : fariqain or jdnihain (Ar. dual

; the two parties ;

in a lawsuit, etc., etc.).

Pass (A;e pas se) guzarnd (to pass by) : guzar-jdnd (pass away; elapse) : vide

Happen: ''pas'' k. or h. (of exam.): ''pas,'' m., Eng. (a pass or

passport) : darra, m., or ghdti (a defile, q.v., or mountain pass) : videThrust.

Passage, surang, f. (underground passage).

Passenger, ") musdfir (also = traveller) : rdh-gir (a passer-by) : musdfir gdriPasser, j (passenger train as opposed to mail).

Passion, jhalldnd (to fly into a foolish passion ;of children, etc., or animals) ;

vide Rage.

Passionless, pitta mard hu,d.

Passport,"pas," m., Eng. ; pdsporat, m.

; rdh-ddri kd parwdna.

Past, guzashta, adj. : guzrd hu,d zamdna (the past).

Paste, lehi or le,i, f. {se sdtnd).

Pastern, gdmchi.

asturage, \chard,i, vl. noun : chard-gdh, f. (the place).

Pat, thdpthapdnd (Ughtly) : thapi mdrnd (with some force) : vide Slap.

Patch, "^paiwand lagdnd ;' vide

'

Repair : paiwand-ddr (patched) [but

Patched, J paiwandi, grafted].

1 Prop, an Arabic dual.^ Ram-chakor the snow- cock.

^^'^ 112 PED

Patented, rigistiri ahvda.^

Path, rah, f. : rasUi or rdsta, m. : pag-dandi (a narrow foot-track).

Pathetic, dard-ndk ; jdn-giiddz (tragic).

Patience, sabr, m. (also self-restraint and resignation).

Patient, bimdr or martz.

Patriarch, hafd burhd {the head of a family or a village) : sarddr (in a flockof animals).

Patriotism, hubb-i loatan, f.

Patrol, to, gasht (f.) karnd (also to go the rounds).

Patten, khafd^un, m. (much used by Brahmins).

Pattern, namuna, m. .• bdngi, f. (sample ; spec, of grain).

Paucity, kaml, f .; qillat, f.

Pave, sang-farsh karnd ; patthar bichhdnd.

Paw, panja : (also a foot or hand;

** a bunch of fives ").

Pawn, giraw (m.) rakhnd or bandhak (m.) rakhnd : piydda, m. (at chess) :

mahdjan (= pawn-broker).

Pay, tanldiivdh (dend), f. ; talab, f. (d.) ; mushdhara, m. (d.) ;vide Compen-

sate : chukdnd (to pay off) ; qarz ddd karnd (to pay off debts).

Paymaster, bakhshi.

Peace, sulh, f. (k.) (between two parties); chain, m., or drdm, m. (tranquil-

lity) ; aman, m., or amdn, f. (state of peace as opposed to war;also

safety) : as-saldm 'alay-kum (the Muslim salutation ''the Peace be on

you"

; the reply is, wa'alay-kum as-saldm " and on you the Peace ").

3150 Peaceable, sulh-pasand : sulh-i kull, adj. = lives at peace with all creeds.

Peace-maker, sulh-kdr.

Peach, dm, m.; shaftdlu, m. ; noki, f. (a flat kind).

Peacock, mor, m.; mm-ni, f.

Peak, chotl (tip of anything; also a pig-tail, and the crest of a bird).

Pear, ndshpdti.

Pea, matar, m.

Pearl, moti, m.

Pebble, kankar, m. (small) : patthar kd chashma, (for spectacles).

Peck, chonch mdrnd.

Peculation, gisiban^ m. (k.) :' vide' Embezzle.

Peculiar, anokhd odd (also rare) :

' vide'

Special ; nij kd or zdti (private).

Pedagogue, miydn-jl (often contemptuous; lit. a primary schoolmaster).

Pedant, Hlmtyat jatdne-wdld.

Peddl'

)

bakas-wdid ; pheri-wdld.

Pedestrian, piydda (as opposed to sawdr ; also a peon).

Pedigree, shajara (the tree itself) : silsila pahuhchdnd, (to trace one's —).

Shuda the past partic. of the Persian verb ahudan to become.

PEE 113 PER

Peel, chhilka, m. (utdrnd) :' vide

'

Skin.

Peep, jhanknd.

Peevish, chirchird.

Peg, mekh, f. (also nail) : khuntd (large) and khuntl (small) (of wood).

Pen, qalam, m., f. (also a cutting or anything shaped like a pen).

Penance, vide Atone.

Pencil, pinsil, f .;

' vide'

Brush.

Pendulum, langar, m. (also anchor) ; tik-tiki. [remain).

Penetrate, ghusnd (' vide'

Enter) : paithnu (to penetrate forcibly and

Penknife, chdqu, m. ; qalam-tardshy m.

Penman, khush-navis (calligraphist). .

Pension,"

pinshan,'* m., and vulg., plnis and pinsil; wazlja ; wazifa-khwdr or pinshan-ydfta (pensioner).

Pentateuch, taurdty f.

People, log, pi. (folk ; genitive, logon kd) : khilgat f., (people in mass) ;dbdd

k. or basdnd (to people).

Pepper, mirch, f .;kdli mirch (black

—)

: gol mirch (pepper corns) ;Idl

mirch (red chillies).

Peppermint,"jdparmint, f., Eng.

Perch, addd, m.

Peregrine, bahri, f. (the falcon).

Peremptory, ia^kldi hukm(—

order) ;or (in a bad sense) Nddir-Shdht hukm.

Peremptorily, hdkirmna taur par : sdhibl k. (to act—;of people of low rank).

Perennial, bdrah-mdsd ; bdrdh mahine kd.

Perfect, kdmil ; purd ;' vide

'

Complete, Faultless, etc.

Perfection, kamdl, m. (also excellence).

Perfidy, vide Treason.

Perform, mcfe Accomplish : ba-jd Idnd : add k. (of ceremonies; to discharge).

Perfume, khush-bu, f .; basdnd or bdsnd, tr. : khush-bu se basd hujd

(thoroughly perfumed with) : mahaknd, intr., to emit perfume.

Perfunctory, begdrl ke taur par.

Perhaps, sJidyad : ho-saktd hai ki — .

Period, zamdna : 'arm (a space of time between two occurrences; interval :

also = a long time) : muddat, f. (ditto) : 'arsa hu,d ki khattna-dyd (=

it is some time, a month or two, since I heard from him) ;but muddat

hu,i ki— *'it is an age, a year or two since —)."

Perish, haldk hond ; nest o rm-bud hond: vide Ruin.

Perjury, jhuti qasam {khdnd) : darogh halafi (karnd) leg.

Permanent, mustaqil :' vide

'

Lasting.

Permissible, jd^iz.

Permit, ijdzat dend : dend, preceded by an inflected infinitive ;vide Allow.

Perpendicular, 'amudi (from Ar. 'amiid, a pillar).

Perpetual, dd,imi; davdtni; hamesha kd : jdgir-i davdm, (estate given in

perpetuity).

15

PER 114 PIG

Perplex, pareshdn k.

Perquisite, fdida (a term used by servants) : dasturl (on purchases) : uprxpaida (vulg.) : bald,% amadant.

Persecuted, ]»-^ ^^ ' ^^^^^ ^^-

Perseverance, istiqlal^ m. ; himmat, i. (vulg. in this sense).

Persist, kisi chlz par israr, (m.) karnd.

Persistent, ziddi, vide Obstinate.

Person, shakhs, m. : asdlat-an (in person; opp. to vakdla^an).

Personal, mti; shakhsi.

Perspiration, vide Sweat.

Persuade, kah sunkar rdzi karnd ; md,il karnd (incline) : samjhdnd.

Perturbation, ghabrdhat, f. : iztirdb, m.

Perverse, vide Obstinate.

Pervert, gumrdh karnd, bahkdnd (of people only) : ma' net bigdrn (of words).

Pest, vide Calamity : jdn kd wabdl, fig.

Pestilence, toabd, f. (especially cholera).

Pestle, musal^ m. (big) ;

' vide'

Mortar.

Pet, pdld hu ,d , paltu , adj .

Petition, 'arzi, f. (d.) (written) ; 'arz, m. (k.) (oral).

Petrify, pathardnd.

Petticoat, ghdgrd, m. (a woman's skirt or dress ; hence ghdgrd paltan, akilted regiment).

Philosopher, falsafi, Gr. : hakim (also an eastern physician, Muslim).

Philosophy, falsafa, m., Gr.; hikmat, f.

Photograph, foto, m., Eng. : 'aksl tdsmr {'aks, m., reflection).

Physician, haldm (Muslim) : baid (Hindu) : vide Doctor.

Pick, vide Cull, Pluck: chunnd (to pick off; but chhurdnd, of sticky thingsUke burrs) : khildl karnd (

— the teeth) : vide Select : chiignd (pick upgrain ; of birds) ; gainti (the tool).

Picket, vide Peg.

Pickle, dchdr, m.

Picture, tasmr, f. (khenchnd) (spec, of living things ;also a statue) : naqsha,

m. (spec, of lifeless things ;also a map, design).

Piebald, ablaq or kdld ahlaq ; (but Idl ablaq, shewbald).

Piece, tukrd :' vide

'

Part, Morsel : purza (a small piece of paper ;also a

small bit of machinery).

Pierce, chhednd, tr. (make a hole througli) : vide Penetrate and Prick.

Piety, parhezgdri : Khudd-tarsl, (God-fearingness) .

Pig, 8uwar, m.; suwarnl, f. (many people won't mention these words espe-

cially after nightfall; nd-pdk jdnwar, etc., is used instead).

Pigeon, kabutary m. ; kahutri, f.

Pigmy, sawd-bdlisMiy adj. subs. :

* vide'

Dwarf.

PIG 115 PIT

Pigtail, vide Peak.

Pile, vide Heap: chita, f. (for corpse).

Piles, hawdslr, f., sing. : khuni bawdsir (bleeding ).

Pilgrim, hdji, pi. hujjdj (to Mekkah ; properly one who has performed the

journey to Mekkah) : zd^ir (to any shrine or sacred place ; Muslim) :

tiratht or jdtrl (to any Hindu temple).

Pilgrimage, kajj, m. (to Mekka) ; ziydrat, f. (also for ziydrat-gdh a shrine) :

jdtrd or tirath, m.

Pill, goll (also a small ball).

Pillage, lutnd, tr. .• ghdrat k. (also fig. to spoil anything) : lut mar, f . or lut

khasot, f. (vl. noun).

Pillager, lutne-wdld (pillager ;but luterd, robber).

Pillar, sutun, m. .* Idt, f. (column) ; mandr, m. (as monument) ; khamhd, m.

(spec, of wood) : fil-pdya (of bridges or great buildings).

Pillow, takya, m. (any cushion) : takye kd gMldf (pillow-case).

Pimp, bharuwd (spec, to his own relations) : randiyon kd dalldl.

Pin, alfUn. f. (lagdnd) (Port., alfinete) : belan, m. (rolling-pin, a roller) :

su,!, ki gaddl (pin-cushion).

Pincers, chimtd (also tongs, q.v.).

Pinch, vide Nip.

Pine, deoddr, m.; diydr : ghulnd (to pine away) : vide Melt.

Pine-apple, anannds, m. (Port.).

Pinion, mushken kasnd (bind the arms behind the back).

Pink, guldbl rang^ adj. (the colour).

Pinnacle, vide Summit and Minaret.

Pious, parhezgdr; Khudd-parast : mazhabi [gen. ior other than Muslims):din-ddr (spec, of MusHms).

Pipe, paip, Eng., m. (for smoking, or for water): nal, m. (for water) ;

huqqa (the whole huqqa ;but properly the water-bowl) : for pipe-

'

clay vide Chalk.

Pipkin, hdndi.

Piquette, bikat, m. 3250

Pirate, daryd kd ddku.

Piss, peshdb karnd : mutnd (indecent) : vide Urine.

Piss-pot, pat, m.

Pistol, pistaul, m. or tamancha, m. {mdrnd or chhornd).

Pit, garhd, m. :

' vide' Well : pdll^ f. (a cock-pit) : vide Pit-fall,

Pitch, qlr, m. : khard karnd or ddlnd (to pitch a tent) a,nd gird-dend (strike

a tent).

Pitcher, kuza, m. .

Piteous, dard-ndk.

Pit-fall, chor-garhd, ra.

Pith, gud, m.;

' vide' Marrow.

PIT 116 PLO

Pity, rahmt m. (karnd) : taraSt m., H. (Ichand) : afsos Jhai ki it is a pitythat .

Pivot, chul^ f. (any dovetail; hence the pivot of a native door).

Place, jagah, f. : muqam, m. : rakhna or dharna (to place, put : vide Post.

Plagiarism, sarqa, At. (lit. theft).

Plague, ta'un, m. {the plague) :

* vide' Pestilence.

Plain, maiddnf m. :

* vide'

Evident : sdda '

(simple not ornamented) :

jang ka maiddn (battle-field) : khard-mu' dmala (plain-dealing).

Plainly, sdf sdf.

Plain-speaking, sdf-go, adj. : and sdf-gOyi subs.

Plaintive, dard-angez.

Plait, gundndy tr. (also = to knead dough).

Plan, tadbir or tajmz, f . (karnd or sochnd) : mansuba, m. [karnd or bdndhnd) :

vide Device.

Plane, randa, m. (k.) (carpenter's—

).

Plank, taJchta, m.

Plant, paudd^ m. (lagdnd).

Plantain, keld, m.

Plaster, kah-gil, f. (k.) (of mud, etc.) : gach, f. (of a pakkd building ;vide

Cement) : pldstar, m., med.

Plate, rikdbi: [bartan, m., is a utensil].

Platform, chabutardy m. : machdn, m. (a bird-scarer's, etc., for shootingfrom etc.) : palaitfdrmy m. (railway).

Play, khel, m. : khelnd, tr. (to sport) : bajdnd (of music) : chhutnd, intr.

(of fountains or fire-works).

Plavful (^^*^^-*** (^^ * game or sport) ; but khelwdr or khildr, fond of play.

Playfellow, hain-joli.

Pleader, vaJdl.

Pleasant, khush-gawdr (of climate, or of things to the taste) : margkub(ditto).

Please, khush karnd : — se rdzi hond (be pleased with) : mihrbdni karke —or zara — (witli Infinitive or Respectful Future Imperative) : in shd

Allah (if God please).

Pleasure, khushi (hdsil hond) : maza [lend] (to derive pleasure) : hazz^ m.

(uthdnd) : Ap ki marzl kyd hai (what is your pleasure, will ?)

Pledge, vide Pawn, Promise, Mortgage.

Plentiful, kasrat se or bahutdyat se : ifrdt se (lit. with excess) : dmon ki ret

pel Jiai (there are great quantities of mangoes).

Pliable, lachak-ddr.

Plight, gat, f. (bad state) : vide Condition.

Plot, adziah {k.) : vide Combination.

J In Calcutta soda means white.

PLO 117 POO

Plough, to, fzamm par hal (m.) jotnd, or mmtn ko jotna: halwahd or hal-

Ploughman, \ jotyd (a ploughman).

Pluck, tornd, tr.

Plug, ddt, i. (lagdnd) (is any small plug for insertion in a hole).

Plum, dluchd, m. : ber, m. (in the Panjab the wild ber).

Plump, guddz {with chihra or badan ;

of children or grown-ups).

Plunder, lutnd, tr. ; lut machdn'i (of a general plundering) : lut, f., or lut kd

mdl, subs.

Pocket, jeb, f. : pdkat, f., Eng. (of big coat-pockets; not of waist-coat

pockets).

Pocket-hook, jebi-kitdb ; pdkat-buk, i., Eng.

Pocket-money, jeb-kharch. m.' 3300

Pock-marked, chechak-ru.

Poem, nazm, f. : shi'r, m. (a couplet; and also poetry).

Poet, shd'ir, m., and shd'ira, f.

Poetry, vide Poem.

Point, noky f . : bdt (quality) :—ki taraf ishdra karnd ; ungli se batldnd or

—dikhldnd :

' vide' Aim and Thrust.

Poise, tolnd, tr. (of a weapon ;also = to weigh).

Poison, zahr, m. : bis, m. : zahr-i haldhil (deadly—

).

Poisonous, zahrild.

Poke, khonchd mdrnd (thrust, q.v. ; poke) : ghusernd, tr. (to thrust or poke

in).

Polar-star, Qutub-tdrd, m.

Pole, balli: chob, m. (of tent).

Police, pulis (if fem. = the body of pulls ; if masc. a policeman) : kdns-

tibil, m., Eng. (a constable).

Policy, pdlisl, f. (of Govt, etc.), Eng. : tadbir, f. (plan).

Polish, saiqal karnd (of metal or glass) : jild k. (to make bright ;of metal

or glass) : ghotnd (paper, leather) : palish karnd (of wood or boots) :

shdyistagi (refinement).

Polite, hhaliq : ikhldq kd.

Pollute, ganda k. (of water) : chalan bigdrnd, tr. (morally) : nd-pdk or najiskarnd (relig.).

Polytheist, mushrik.

Pomegranate, andr, m.

Pommel, harnd, m. (of saddle).

Pomp, tumtardq, f. (also pomposity) ;dhum dhdm, f.

;shdn o shaukat, f.

Pompous, tumtardq-wdld.

Pond, tdldjO, m. (tank) : ddbar, m. (a small pond) : kund (larger than former).

Ponder, —par ghaur k. ; sochnd.

Pony, tattu, m. ; tattu.dnl, f .; ydbu (a Kabuli pony of coarse breed) :.

tdngan, m. (a iBurmese pony).

Pool, vide Pond.

POO 118 POU

Poor, gihfirib ; miskin : tang-dast (hard up) : vide Destitute : be-chdra (poor

creature, poor thing) ;kam-haldit (unfortunate ;

often a term of abuse).

Poppy, khash khash, m. (the seed) ;ddne H rotl (chapati with poppy-seed) :

post, m. (the head) : Idla, m. (the flower, red poppy ^).

Popular, har dil 'aziz (liked; of people) ; 'amm-pasmid (of things) : 'dmm

(common).

Population, dbddi (of people ; also = cultivation).

Populous, dbdd.

Porch, barsdtx (also a waterproof; a disease in horses).

Porcupine, sdhly f.

Porous, db'khora (of earthenware).

Porpoise, ms, m.

Porridge, dcUyd^ m. (properly made of ddl).

Portable, uthd-lejdne Tee qdbil.

Portion, vide Part.

Portmanteau, potmantu, m., Eng. [(military).

Position, vide State, Rank: warn', f. (posture): pozlshan, m., Eng.

Possess, vide Have.

Possession, qiVa par qabza kar-lend, to take possession of the fort : yih mere

qabze men nahin (it is not in my possession).

Possible, mumkin.

Post, dak ke zari'a se safar karnd, (to travel post) : chitthl dak men ddlnd

(to post a letter) : ddk-khdna (post-office) : ddkyd (postman) ;ddk-

piydda (ditto in Behar) : chitthl-rasdn (in Panjab) : tappdl (Bombay) :

vide Pillar: asdmi, f. (situation, also peasantry, client, culprit, wit-

ness, etc.).

Postage, m^hsul, m.

Posterity, dyanda nasi, f.

Postpone, multdvl karnd ;—par uthd rakhnd : pos-mdn karnd or hond, Eng.,

leg. only.

Posture, vid£. Position.

Pot, bartan, m; utensil; lota, m., a water-pot (of anything) : ghard, m.

(large globular earthen vessel).

Potato, dlu, m. : shakar-qand, m. (sweet-potato ;vide Yam).

Pot-bellied, tondal.

Pot-luck, ddl-dalyd^ m., or sag sattu, m. (humble food) (khdnd).

Potsherd, thlkrd (large) : thlkrt (small; also a scab).

Potter, kumhdr, m. ; kumhdrin, f. (also the name of a carpenter fly).

Poultice, poltis^ f., Eng.

Pounce, —par jhapatnd (also to rush at) ;

Pound, kutnd, tr. (to pound fine) : jaii-kob karnd (to pound roughly) : ku-

chalndy tr. (to bruise, or to pound into bits) : kdnl —,or kdnji-haus,

m. (for impounding).

1 Always translated tulip. Why ?

POU 119 PRE

Pour, undelnd, tr; gen. (to pour out of a vessel): dhalnd, tr. (ditto of

liquids only ;also to cast metals) ; bahdnd, tr. (to wash away by poui;-^

ing, etc.).

Pout, munh phuldnd (the cheeks) : munh thutkana(— the lips) : honth or

munh latkdnd (ditto) ;honth latkdnd is also used of a man sticking

out his lip when working, writing, etc. : vide Sulky.

Poverty, muflisl ; ^aribi ; tang-dasti, (being hard up) : 'vide' Indigent,Destitute.

Powder, sufuf, Ar., m., gen. {k.) and bukni, H., gen. {buknd, verb), {phakki, 3350

med.) : bdrut or bdrud, f. (gunpowder) ; ddru.i. (in N. of India) :

' vide'

Grind.

Power, vide Strength : ikhtiydr, m. (authority) : men kyd majdl ki aisdkarun (what power have I to do this?) : mukhtdr-ndma (power of

attorney).

Powerful, zor-dwar (ht. or met.); tdqat-war (gen. met.); zabar-dast (met.)

(also tyrannical) : shdhzor (of bodily strength) : vide Strong.

Pox, chechak, f. (small-pox) : diishak, f. ; and garml (syphilis).

Practice, isti'mdl, m. (k.) (use); mashq, f. (k.) : kasrat, f. (k.) (gymnasticor bodily practice) : mashq, f. (k.) gen. : karte karte d-jd^egd = mashq se

d-jd,egd : tibdbat, f. (of a doctor) : vakdlat,i. (of a lawyer).

Praise, ta'nf, f. {k.) (prop, specification and also definition; but collo-

quially'

praise ') : sardhnd, tr. verb. : hamd, m. (k.) (of God).

Praise-worthy, qdbil-i ta'nf.

Prawn, jhlngd^ machhll ; [but jhingur, m., a cricket J.

Prayer, nam.dz, f. (parhnd) (of the stated liturgical Muslim prayers) : du'd, f.

{mdngnd or karnd) (in the Christian sense;but du'd dend, to bless) :

vide Entreat.

Preach, wa'z, (m.) kahnd or karnd (sermon) : chup raho wa'z na-kaho (shut

up, don't preach).

Preacher, wd'iz.

Precarious, mashkuk (of a sick person) : be-sabdt guzrdn (—

livelihood).

Precaution, ihtiydi, L {k.) : vide Cautious and Prevent.

Precedent, nazir, f. (authoritative example).

Precept, nasihat^ f. (admonition generally) : pand m. (precepts given bysages or superior people).

Precipitancy, jald-bdzi kd kdm.

Precipitation, harbari (too much hurry) : harbariyd, one who always acts

with precipitation ; halbaldnd or harbard^id, verb: vide Hurry.

Predestined, jis ki qismat men likhd thd ki — .

Prefer, {ek ko dusre par) tarph (/.) dend.

Pregnant, hdmila ; and pet se (of women) : gabhin or gdbhin (of animals).

Preliminary, ibtidds-i.

Premature, be-waqt maut (— death, q.v.) : waqt se pahle :

' vide'

Ill-timed.

Preparation, taiydrl, f. {k.) ; {band o bast {k.) m. :

' vide'

Arrangement.

Prepare, taiydr karnd (food, etc.; requires an object). Vide Ready.

Prepuce, {kd) ghildj, m.; {ki) topi, f. : vide Foreskin.

1 All the names of fishes are feminine because machhll is feminine.

PRE 120 PRI

Prescience, ghoih-ddm.

Prescription, nuskha (also one *

copy'

of a book) .

Presence, hdzin or maujudx (as opposed to absence) : mere ru-ba-ru (in mypresence) : huzur, m. (the presence ;

of kings) : namud, f . (demeanour) ;

mere ausan Jchatd ho-ga^e or hosh jdte rahe (I lost my presence of mind).

Present, hdzir or maujud (as opposed to absent;vide Hind. Man., p. 36 (a)

for distinction) : maujuda wd,isrd,t (the present Viceroy) ; hdl kd za-

mnna (the present time) : nazr, f.jjc.

or pesh k.) (gift to superiors) ;

tuhfa (dend) (to equals) : 'arzl guzrannd (to present a petition).

Presentiment, wert dil par yih hat khul-ga,i tJii ki ('to liave anticipationof ') : merd dil kahla hai ki— (ditto).

Preserve, htfdzat se rakhnd (to keep safe) : murabbd banana or ddlnd (of

fruits).

Press, chhdpd-khdna (printing-press) : kolhu,m. (for oil or sugar-cane ;

also

formerly an instrument of death) : vide Wardrobe; pelnd, tr. (extract

juice) : nichornd, tr. (to squeeze out or wring out water) : dabdnd, tr.

and dabnd, int. (exert pressure from top): vide Incite, Urge : dabd,o (or

zor) ddlnd (exert influence) : taqdzd m. {k.) gen. ; dunning.

Pressure, dabd,o (of any weight; also met. for using influence) : kdmon ki

kasral se (owing to pressure of business).

Pretence, bahdna {k.) : with bahrd ban-gayd or bahre-pan kd sdng Idyd (he

pretended to be deaf) : us ne hakim kd rup bhard (he pretended to

be a physician; i.e., get himself up as one).

Pretty, khub-surat, gen. (also handsome) ; Jchush-numd (of lifeless things

only).

Prevail,— par ghdlib hond :

* vide'

Persuade.

Prevaricate, did bdld batdnd (also wrongly to put off, of false excuses).

Prevent, pahle se rok thdm karnd (take precautions for) ; vide Stop, Hinder.

Previous, pahld ; agld ; sdbiq (former, q.v.).

Prey, shikdr :' vide

'

Booty.

Price, qimat, f .; ddm, m. .• mol, m. (the first top price asked by a shop-

keeper ;turn qtmat kahte ho yd mol karte ho ?) : mol or qimat lagdnd (to

price a thing).

Priceless, be-bahd (of great value) ; [be-ddm = without being bought as

be-ddm gihuldm] : [beqimat = of no value].

Prick, chubhond, tr. (lightly; also of lancet; is men chdqu, etc, chubho-

do) : khmd karnd (— the ears).

Prickly-heat, ghumauri, f.; phit, f . (in Panjab).

Pride, ghurur, gen. {k.) (of possessions and things, etc.) : takabbur, m.

(arrogance) : fakhr or n^z (k). (to pride oneself on a thing, etc.; in a

good sense) ; vide Conceit.

Prince, )Shdh-zdda, m.; and Shdh-zddi, f. (princess).

Princess, )

Vrint, chhdprm^tv. (also to impress); chhdp dend or lagdnd (to make an

impression with a seal or die) .

Prison, qaid-khdna ; jeUkhdna; 'vide' Gaol.

Prisoner, asir (of war) : qaidi (in arrest).

PRI 121 PRO

Private, khass ; nij ka ; zat% : tanhd,i men (in private; but khilwat men, in

a private room).

Privilege, ri'dyat, f. ; ri'dyati rukhsat, privilege leave. [a screen).

Privy, pd,e-khd7ia, m. [jdnd] ; jd-e zarur, f. (jdnd) ; tatti, f. (jdnd) vulg. (lit. 3400

Prize, in'dm, m. (also reward) : vide Booty : tuhfa, m. (a rare thing) ;

chitthi kis ke ndm par nikld (who drew the prize ?) ;'azlz rakhnd, v.

Probably, ghdlih hai ki —Probe, said, I (also antimony-bodkin ;

also one match) : mas^ala (hall k.) (a

point, question, dogma, etc.).

Problem, gutthi, f. (suljhdnd) (lit. an entangled skein).

Proboscis, sUnd, f. (of flies, etc; also trunk of elephant).

Procession, juliis, m. (this is a peculiar Urdu use of the word).

p .'

. >i'ldn, m. (k,) : munddi k. (by crier q.v.) : vide Advertise.

Procrastinate, dj kal karnd (to procrastinate, also to put another off byrepeated promises) : tdl matol karnd (to put off another by promises).

Procurable, muyassar (k.) ; dastydh {h.)

Procure, baham pahunchdnd : hdsil k. (obtain, q.v.).

Procuress, dalldla ;' vide

'

Pimp.

Produce, paidd-wdr m. (of cultivation) : vide Bring, Manufacture.

Productive, zar-khez (fertile) : bachcha-kash (of animals, and slightingly of

women).

ro ane, Vxhudd ki shdn men be-adabi karnd ; kufr baknd.

Profess, izhdr karnd.

Profession, pesha, m.

Professor, purofesar, Eng.

Proficient, ld,iq: mdhir (expert).

Profit, vide Advantage.

Profligate, bad-kdr, gen. (of men or women) ; 'ayydsh.

Progress, taraqqi {k.) (also promotion).

Prolific, vide Productive.

Prolong, tiil dend (of an argument, a line of rail).

Prominent, sar bar-dwurda (of people) : nikld hu,d or ubhrd hu,d (protru-

berant) : vide Conspicuous.

Promise, wa'da, m. {k.) ; bachan, m. {dend) ; zabdn, f. (d.) ; qaul, m. (k.)

(but qaul karnd, to make a faithful promise) ;

—purd k. (to fulfil) ;

tornd (to break —;= wa'da-khildfi karnd).

Promote, taraqqi dend.

Prone, munh ke bal {girnd ; with a verb of motion or exertion) ;but aundhd

or pat pard hond.

Pronounce, talaffuz karnd : yih lafz meri zabdn par nahln charhtd (I can't

pronounce this word).

Proof, dalil, f . {Idnd, dend, or pesh karnd) (in argument) : sabut, m. {dendor pesh karnd) : vide Test and Witness.

16

PRO 122 PUL

Prop, tek, m.

Proper, mundsib : thxk (right) ;vide Special.

Property, mdl, m. ;mdl asbdby m.

; jdy-ddd, f. (estate ; especially landed) :

yiasaiyat (peculiar quality).

Prophecy, peshtn-go,i {k.) (seldom used).

Prophet, nabt ; rasul (lit. an apostle) ; paigJiambar : peshin-go (of ordinarypeople) .

Propitiate, mandna.

Proportion, Hinduon Id ta'ddd ko Musalmdnon ki ta'ddd se kyd niabai hai

(what proportion do the Hindus bear to the MusUma ?).

Prose, na^Ty f.

Prosecute, us par muqaddama chaldyd jd^egd (—he will be prosecuted) :

kartd rahnd or jdri rakhnd (continue).

Prosper, phulnd phalnd, lit. or met. : tumhen faldh nahin hogi (you won't

prosper).

Prosperous, phald phuld, gen. : gulzdr (of cities) : raunaq-ddr (of places).

Prostitute, randi ; kasbi ; qahba (lit. coughing) (all professional) : fdhishctor chkindl (immoral ; not necessarily a professional) .

Protect, '\vide Guard, Save : pariah (f.) dend (to give protection or

Protection, J shelter to).

Protract, tul dend : vide Prolong.

Protrude, ubharnd (to be prominent ; also to emerge) : nikalnd (to stickout

;of things usually concealed).

Proud, magArur : mutakabbir (arrogant), but vide Pride : bad-gosht (proud-flesh).

Proudly, fakhr se or fakhriya (in a good sense) : gJmrur se (in a bad sense).

Prove, sdbit karnd ;' vide

'

Proof : vide Test, Examine.

Proverb, masal, f. {kahnd or baydn karnd) ; kahdwat, f.

Provide, vide Supply.

Province, suba, m.

Provision, vide Preparation : khdne pine ki chlzen ;' vide

' Food : rasad, f. ,

rations or provisions for an army.

Provocation, f chher, f. {k.) (lit. teasing) : chhernd, to provoke : vide Excite,

Provoke, ( Annoy .

Proxy, vakdlat-an :' vide

'

Person.

Prune, chhdntnd, to clip.

Pry, to, jhdnk tdk karnd [jhdnknd to peep).

Publicly, sar-i bdzdr ; bar mala : vide Openly.

Publish, shdyi' karnd (books, etc. ; also news, etc.) : vide Proclaim.

Pudenda, sharm-gdh, f.

Pull, khinchnd.

Pulley, girni (also a kind of top spun by the hand).

Pulpit, mimbar, m.

Pulse, nabz, f. {dekhnd).

PUM 123 QUA

Pump, pdni kd bambd, gen. (a water-post with tap ; hambd = also a pillar-

box for letters ;also the chimney of an engine or a mill).

Pumpkin, kadu, m.

Pun, jugat, i. (k,).

Punch, Guldho Shitdbo (two kath-putlis or puppets ;one is married and the

other ought to be; they act in dialogue, and correspond to the

English Punch and Judy) :

"Panch,'^ Eng. (all comic newspapers).

Punctual, waqt kd pd-band (of people) : waqt par dnd.

Punish, \sazd dend : maut kl sazd (capital punishment) : qardr-wdqvi

Punishment, J sazd (condign punishment).

Pup, pilld, m. and pilll, f.

Pupil, shdgird : putli (of eye).

Puppet, kath-putli.

Purchase, vide Buy and Obtain ; saudd, m. (things bought ; spec, daily

purchases, marketings).

Pure, khdlis or nirdld—(not adulterated; did, m., = alloy) : vide Clear.

Purge, julldb, m. (dend).

Purify, sdf karnd.

Purple, baingni, (from the brinjal) : and udd, different shades of.

Purpose, gharaz ;' vide

'

Object.

Purposely, jdn bujh kar ; qasd-an.

Purr, ghur-ghurdnd, intr.

Purse, hamydnl (for money only) : tliaili (any bag) : batu,d, m. (a small

bag closing with a string) : girah, f. met. (lit. knot).

Pursue, pichhd karnd.

Pus, pip, f.;and rim, f. : mawdd; sing., masc. (blood and pus, etc., etc.

in a wound).

Push, dhakelnd, tr (push from one, forwards); dhakkd dend, gen. (in anydirection) : dhakkam dhakkd karke chald jdnd (to push one's waythrough a crowd

;vid^ Elbow). ^

p'

\phus phus (puss pus) : phusi (pussy).

Put, rakhnd ; dharnd ; dalnd.

Putty, putln, f., Eng. (?) (lagdnd).

Pygmy, sawd-bdlishtl ddml.

' vide' Dwarf.

Pyre, child, f. (of Hindus).

Python, azhdahd, m. (also = a dragon).

Quack, nim-haklm, lit. : nim-mulld (quack in learning).

Quadruped, char-paya or chau-pdya.

Quail, bater, m.;and J/iwd, m. (different species) : bater-bdzl [k.) (quail-

fighting).

QUA 124 RAC

Qualification, liyaqai or qdbiliyat, f.

Quality, bat f. : vide Property : Defect, etc., Merit, etc.

Quantity, miqdar, m. (amount, q.v.).

Quarantine, qarantinaf m., Eng. (?).

Quarrel, lara.t {k.) ; jhagrd {k.) ; qa^iya {k.) m. : vide Enmity : tu tu^ mainniaihy f. {k.) (in words).

Quarrelsome, jhagfdlu (in words) ; lardku gen.

Quarry, said, f. ; mdvy f., Panj.

Quart, ck ser (in rough measurement).

Quarter, c}iuuthd,i, f . : paune = | or a J minus : sawd = a quarter -»- :

mahalla, m. (of a town) : amdn, f. (also interjection), amdn dend. and

mdngnd, (to give or ask for quarter in a fight) : muthbher, (f.) hond (tocome to close quarters, and also to confront suddenly) : sadr, m. (vulg.

sadar) (head-quarters).

Queen, malika: rant.

Quench, bujhdnd, tr. (fire or thirst) : thandd k. (fire) : tel se dg nahin bujhti—

Prov.(= fire is not quenched by tow) : os se pyds nahin bujhti, Prov.

Question, suwdl (k.) (also begging) : vide Ask.

Quibble, hila ; hila-e qdnuni (legal—

): hila-e shar^i (reUg.

—).

Quick, tez; jald-bdz (hasty) : vide Active and Alive.

Quickly, jald ; jaldi se.

Quicksand, chor-bdlH, f.

Quicksilver, pdrd. m.

Quiet, khdmosh or kam-sukhan (silent) : gkcirib or miskin or sudhd (of

animals): vide Harmless: sanndtd, m., also adj. or sunsdn-pan, m.

(quietude, silence).

Quietly, chup-chdp ; dhista (also slowly and in a low voice) : chain se.

Quill, jxir ki qalam.

Quilt, razdJ, f, (light, for day-wear also): lihdf, m. (heavy; for night

only).

Quince, bihi.

Quinsy, khundq, m.

Quire, dasta (24 sheets).

Quit, vide Abandon, Depart.

Quite, bilkull : purd : sardsar.

Quiver, to, tharthardnd (continuous—): tharrd-jdnd (for a moment =

kdnp-uthnd) : tarkash, m. (for arrows).

Race, daur, f. gen : ghur-daur, f. : 'vide' Family: ghur-daur kd maiddn

(the whole race-course) ; ghur-daur kd chakkar (the track) : ghuf-daurkd ghord (race-horse).

1 i.e. tu tu instead of respectful Ap.

RAC 126 RAS

Rack, shikanja (a book-binder's press and also an instrument of torture) ;

main sJiikanje men kas-gaydy (** I'm squashed," said by a passenger onan overcrowded railway seat).

Radish, mult : (turn kis khet kl mull ho kahna = to defy).

Raffle, chittM dalna.

Raft, herd, m.

Rag, chithrd, m. ; gudn, rags and tatters (of beggars, etc.).

Rage, taish men and, or dg hahuld hond : jhalldnd (to fall into a passion

q.v.) :

' vide' Anger and Wrath.

Ragged, phate Ml {meh)^ adj.

Raid, chhdpd, m. (mdrnd) (by night ').

Railing, katahrd, m. : jangld, m.

Railroad, rel kx sarak.

Raiment, lihds, m. ; poshdk, f.;vide Clothes.

Rain, menh {hond or parnd), m.; bdrish, f. {hand) ; pdni, m. {parnd or

barasnd) : barsdt, f., Eng., the Rains.

Rainbow, kamdn, f. (any bow) : dhanak, m.

Raise, uthdnd : khard karnd (to make to stand) : awdz unchl or halandkarnd : ugdnd (to cause to grow) : pdlnd, tr. (of cattle, etc.) : diwdr

uthdnd, tr. (— a wall) : murda zinda karnu or uthdnd (to raise the dead).

Raisin, kishmish, f. (Sultana) : munaqqa, m. (big and black).

Rally, vide Collect.

Ram, mendhd (male of sheep) : gaz se thosmi v. (* vide'

Cram).

Ramble, sair kartd phirnd.

Rampart, fasil, f. (an outer wall round a city or fort).

Ramrod, gaz, m. (also yard in length).

Rancid, umas-gayd.

Random, he thaur thikdne, adv. : mdrd phirtd hai, he wanders at random ;

atkal pachchu (at a venture).

Range, mdr, f.; zad, f. (of a gun) ; tappd, m. (ditto).

Rank, darja, m. ; *uhda, m. :

' vide'

Line.

Rankle, hhalish k. (of a speech, etc.).

Ransack, vide Plunder : sab chizon ko ulat pulat karke dekhnd.

Ransom, fidya, m. : khun-bahd, m.

Rap, khat khatdnd.

Rapid, iez (bahnd) (of a stream).

Rapture, be-khudi; loajd men and.

Rare, nddir ; kam-ydb ; nd-ydb.

Rascal, vide Blackguard, Scoundrel, Mean, etc.

Rashness (

^''^^ Hasty : mutahavvir, adj. {tahawur, subs.)

Rasp, reli, f.; retnd, tr. verb.

The Pers. and T. chapaw and chapu do not give the idea of a night raid only.

RAT 126 REC

Rat, chuha, m. ; [and chuhi, mouse].

Rate, 6M,o, m. ; nirkh, m. (bazar rate) : turn kaprd kya hisdb ld,e (at whatrate did you buy the cloth ?)

Rather, vide Prefer : mama qabul hai lekin bhikh mdngnd qabul vuhin (Iwould rather die than beg).

Ratify, tasdtq k. (confirm).

Rations, rasad, f . ; rashan, f., Eng.

Rattle, karkafdnd, intr.

Ravage, virdn k. ;* vide

'

Plunder, etc.

Rave, ditvdnoh kl tarah bar mdrnd.

Raw, kachchd ; khdm.

Raze, dhdkar int se mt bajdnd : mismdr karnd.

Razor, usturd m.

Reach, pahunchnd (arrive): vide Attainment, Gain: pasdrndy tr. (extendthe hand) : men pahunch se bdhar hai (it is beyond my reach).

Read, parhnd (to oneself; also to study, learn); pafhkar sundnd, or sund-7id (to read aloud).

Ready, taiydr (of things or people) ;hdzir : hdzir-jawdb (ready in answer) :

musWid (of persons only) : kamar-basta or dmdda(of people).

Real, asli or asl.

Reality, haqiqaty f.

Reap, kdind, tr.

Reaping-hook, drdnti or dardti.

Rear, alif hond (of a horse) : pdlnd, tr. and —H or ko parwarish karnd (to

l3ring up): Alldh drnin se pdlnd (to bring up carefully; lit. with

prayers) : vide Train: pichhvdrd, m. (of a house) : pichhd, m., gen. (as

opp. to dga).

Reason, vide Cause : idrdk or 'aql-i insdnl (opp. to 'aql-i haiwdni) : sam^

jhdnd (to reason with) ; vide Persuade.

Reasonable, ma'qul ; subs. ma'quUyat, f.

Rebel, bdgtM (also a mutineer) : sar-kash (rebellious, disobedient) : bar-

gashta, or bigrd hu,d, or phird hu,d (disaffected, seditious).

Rebellion, baghdwat, f. (also incorrectly mutiny) : gjiadr, m. (mutiny) :

balwd, m. (riot). [chet).

Rebound, palatnd or paltd khdnd gen. .* uchatnd (prop, to glance off, ricco-

Rebuff, jhifki, f. {dend), or jhiraknd.

Rebuke, maldmat karnd, gen. (* vide'

Reproach).

Receipt, rasld, f., P. {likhnd or dend) : nuskha, m. (also prescription) ;

tarklb, f. (recipe).

Receive, milnd (in a visiting sense) : vide Acceptance, Suffer : mihmdn kd

istiqhdl karnd (to receive guests).

Receiver, thdngi, m. (—of stolen goods) : rasivar Eng. leg. (in bankruptcy).

Rernti 1 ^^^ ^ ' ^^ ^^^^ (recently) : vide Fresh.

Reciprocal, bdhaml ; and do-tarfa ; tarafdin kd (mutual) ; ek dusre ko chdhte

hain (they love each other).

REC 127 REG

Recite, sundnd.

Reckless, be-parwd.

Reckon, vide Count, Estimate.

Recluse, gosha-nishm, gen. ;khilwai-nishm (relig.).

Recognize, pahchdnnd : shindkht karnd.

Recoil, pichhe dtd rahnd but pichhe jdtd rahnd (to recoil away for one) .

Recollect, inde Remember.

Recommend, kisl ki, kisi se, sifdrish karnd ;' vide

' Commit and Advice.

Recompense, taldfi {k.) ; vide Compensate.

Reconcile, mil-jdnd, or —ke dpas men mildp ho-jdnd (to be reconciled) :

qismat par sdbir o shdkir hond (to be reconciled to one's lot = qismatse rdzl hond).

Record, dafdtir, pi. of daftar (records) :—td ki sanad rahe (

—so that there

may be a record of it) : qalam band karnd (put down in writing).

Recovery, shifd, f. {pdnd) : mizdj kd ba-hdl hond.

Recreation, tafrih, f.

Recruit, rangrut, m., Eng. (mil.) : vide Enlist.

Rectify, vide Correct.

Red, Idl, H. and surhh, P. : Idl-angdrd (red-hot ;lit. a burning ember).

Redeem, chhurdvd (from pawn).

Reduction, takhfif, f. {k.).

Reed, kandd, m. (very high).

Reel, talmaldnd gen. (reel or stagger) : dagmagdnd (to totter : of animateor inanimate things).

Reference, hawdla derm (in correspondence, etc.) : vide Advice.

Refined, shdyistd (in manners).

Reflection, 'aks, m. (in mirror, etc.) : ta'ammul, m. [k.) (a little—;vide

Demur) : gli^ur, m. (}c.) (deep reflection).

Reform, isldh, f. (A;.).

Refrain, —se bdz rahnd ;—se parhez karnd.

Refuge, panMh, f. :

' vide'

Shelter.

Refugee, pandh-guzin.

Refusal, inkdr, m. {k.).

Refuse, fuzla, m.; raddi, adj. (waste): chhdntan, m. (what is left after

sorting and selection).

Refute, jhuthd sdbit karnd : radd karnd.

Regard, vide Respect, Esteem, Attention, Look :— kd lihdz karnd.

Regimen, parhez, m. (med.)

Regiment, paltan, f. (of foot) : risdla, m. (cavalry, spec, native) : rigmint,f. (Brit. Cavalry).

Register, rigistar^ m., bahi, f.;

* vide'

List : rigistri kardnd (to register a

letter) .

REG 128 rem:

Regret, pachtdwa, m. or pdshenmm (for something done) ; hasral, i. (for

something that did not take place) : riaddtnat, f . (remorse or repen-tance for something done) : afsos^ m. : in the Panjab arman, m., i*

incorrectly used in this sense, vide Repent.

Regular, 6a qa*ida, gen. ; pakkd chor hai (he is a regular thief).

Regulate, mde Govern.

Regulation, qa'ida : fauji d,tn, m. (mil.—

).

Reign, *amal'ddrt (k.) ; hukumat, f. {k,).

Reins, rds, L; bag, f.

Reinstate, ba-hdl karrm.

Reject, na-inan7iUr karnd.

Rejoice, khushl mandnd :' vide

'

Glad, etc.

Relate, haydn karnd : riwdyat (f.) k. (in a relig. sense).

Relative, rishta-ddr, subs. , bha,t band, sing, or pi. ; qardbatl.

Relaxation, vide Recreation.

Release, rihdk. ; rihd,%d. : chhornd snid chhurdnd, tr.,* vide

'

Deliver, Free.

Relent, vide Pity, etc.

Reliable, muHabar :• vide

'

Confidence.

Reliance, i'libdr, m.; bharosd, m. : tawakhtd, m. (upon God) : vide Confix

dence. [etc.).

Relic, tabarruk, m. (also sacred things brought from Mecca, Kerbela, etc..

Relief, vide Ease : chhutkdrd (from duty) : badli (of Regiments).

Relieve, dil kd bukhdr nikdlnd (to relieve one's mind, of anger, grief, re-

venge).

Religion, mazhaby m. [also = sect; dm, m., gen.: dharam, m. (for Hindus)] ;

but dJin aur dharam = Islam and Hinduism.

Religious, din-ddr (of MusHm) : dini (of acts, etc., etc.): mazhabl (of anyreligion) : dharmi (only for Hindus) : namdzi (always at his namdz).

Relinquish, vide Abandon.

Relish, sdlan, gen. (any thing eaten with bread) : vide Enjoy.

Reluctant, is kdm karne ko merd jt ruktd hai : ard hu,d (jibbing).

Remain, vide Stay, Dwell; bachmi or bdqi ra^wa (to be left over) : pichhe

rah-jdnd (remain or be left behind) ;but chhuUjdnd (to be left behind,

involuntarily).

Remainder, bdqi.

Remedy, Hldj, m. {k.) ; chdra, m.; dawd, f.

; vide Reparation.

Remember, ydd, {(.), k. (to recall to mind) : ydd rakhnd (keep in mind) :

mujhe ydd hai (I remember).

Remembrance, ydd-gdr, m. (token) ; nishdni^ f. (ditto).

Remonstrance, iHiraz {k.) ;'

vide'

Objection.

Remiss, vide Delay.

Remorse, naddmat, f.

Remote, dur dardz kd.^

1 Bahut dur hai, but dur ka mulk : diir is used as an adjective when there is no-

noun, otherwise the adjective is dur ka.

REM 129 RES

Remove, uthkar chald-jdna (to another house) : vide Take away and Shoe.

Rend, phdrnd or chdk karnd (to tear or spUt, either by hand or by an instru-

ment) : chtmd (to saw or spUt with an instrument) : phdrkar khdnd

(of a wild beast).

Rendezvous, addd or akhdrd (gen. for bad characters) : vide Perch, Arena.

Renegade, murtadd (from Islam) : ghaddEr (traitor; also one that fights

against his own people) : namak-hardm sipdhl :'

vide'

Deserter.

Renew, na,e sire se karnd :' vide

'

Repair, Begin again.

Renounce, chhor-dend ; lark karnd ;— se hdih uthdnd,

'

vide' Abandon :

da'wq uthu-lend (— a claim).

Rent, chdk, m. (in cloth or paper) ;vide Split: kirdya (of house or land) :

kirdye (par) lend (but— dend, to let).

Repair, — ki marammat karnd : —ko durust karnd.

Repairable, qabil-i marammat.

Reparation, taldjt, f., gen. : tdwdn, m. (in money) : dand, m. (reparation in

money ;also a penalty; in both cases fixed by a community).

Repartee, hazir-jawdbt ,subs. : hdzir-jawdb , adj.

Repeal, mansuM, k. ;' vide '• Cancel.

Repeat, pihir kahnd (to say the same thing again) ;but "

repeat this after

me "Ms jaisd main kahun tum hhi kaho, or jaisd main kahtd jd^un turn

hhi kahle jd,o : duhrdnd (to say a second time ; also to repeat some-

thing to a third person) : ratnd (say over and over again, as a lesson) :

vide Parrot.

Repeatedly, bdr bdr (f.) gen. : bdr-hd (of past time) ; mukarrar (a second

time).

Repent, tauba karnd (of sin) : also main ne tauba ki = 1 won't do this again(of sin or any ordinary act) : hath malnd (to regret, q.v.).

Repine,— par jhurnd, or—ko dekh-kar jhurnd (pine, wither): vide Com- 3650

plain.

Report, vide Information; raport karnd :

' vide'

Rumour, Sound, State-

ment.

Reprieve, vide Respite. [ing).

Reprimand, jhiraknd Tscold, in words only) ;'itdb (m) k. (in words or writ-

Reproach, shikdyat k. (of superior) : maldmat k. (of intimate, equals, or

inferiors ; vide Rebuke).

Republic, jamhuri saltanat.

Repudiate, vide Renounce : qarz add karne se sdf inkdr karnd (to refuse to

pay one's debts ;but qarz se inkdr k., to deny a debt).

Resemblance, mushdbahat,

i.

Resemble, mushdbih hond : wuh ek dusre se milte julte hain (they resemble

each other).

Resent, —kd burd mdnnd.

Resentment, ranj o ghussa.

Reserve, rakh-chhornd (to put aside) : rok-rakhnd — ' * rizarv' '

karnd =khdss karnd.

1 As in making a witness take an oath.

17

RES 130 REV

Reservoir, {pant ka) khazana.

Residence, sukunat, f. (place of).

Resident, sakin ; rahne-mdld : bashinda.

Resign, isti'fd, (m.) dend ; naukart chhornd.

Resignation, sabr, m. (in trouble).

Resin, rdl, f.

Resolute, mustaqil mizdj.

Resolve, iajmz, (f.) (finding of a Committee or a Court) : vide Decide andDetermination.

Resound, gunjnd (echo).

Resources, doulat aur saltanat ke sdmdn .

Respect, adaby m. (k.) ; ta'zlm, f. {k.) : Hzzat, f. (k) ; vide Honour : har tarahse (in every respect) :

—ke bare men (with respect to).

Respectable, zl-'izzat; mu'azzaz.

Respectful, bd-adab.

Respite, muhlat, f.

Responsible, jawdb-dih, or zimma-wdr.

Rest, chain, m., or drdm, m. (also comfort) : qardr, m. (as opp. to motion) :

vide Remainder and Stay, Sojourn, etc. : dam lend (to rest for a few

minutes).

Restless, be-qardr (in mind only) : be-chain (of mind or movement) : chan-

chal (in movement ; inattentive).

Restrain, roknd, tr. (anger, etc.; also stop): vide Stop, Confine : gjLUSsadabdnd or ghontnd or pl-jdnd (to restrain anger).

Restrict, qaid lagdnd.

Resurrection, hashr, m. ; roz-i qiydmat, m.

Retail, ) Jchurda-faroshi k. (as opp. to thok-faroshi k.) ; khurda-farosh (re-

Retailer, i tailer).

Retire, pichhe hatnd (recede) : naukart se kindra-kash hond ; pinshan lend ;

dunyd se kindre-kash hond (to retire from the world).

Retired, pinshant, vulg. ; pinshan-ydfta : wazifa-khwdr (pensioner).

Return, phirnd intr. and phernd tr. ; palatnd intr. (and tr.) ; wdpas jdndand hond ; lautnd (tr. lautdnd) ; laut-jdnd and— and : wdpasl kirdya(return hire).

Reveal, {kisl par) kholnd, tr. and khulnd, intr. ; gihctib se khulnd.

Revel, maza lutnu (without an object; enjoy to the fuH.in the companyof persons only) : Ichub maza lend, gen. (revel in : requires an objectwith se) : maza urdnd (to enjoy oneself thoroughly ;

with or without

an object).

Revenge, badld, (m.) lend; intiqdm (m.), lend.

Revengeful, shutur-ldna ; kina-parwar : kapti (lit. deceitful).

Revenue, mdl-guzdri (on land) : dmadani (total income or revenue;also

= imports).

REV 131 RIS

Revere, huzurg jannd : ta'ztm k. (in mind and in actions) : manna {in mind).

Reverse, ulat-dena : zak, f. (uthdnd) (mil.).

Review, revlw, m., Eng. (on books).

Revile, burn kahnd : hadi ke sdfh ydd karnd.

Revise, —par nazar-i sdni k. : dmokhta parhnd (an old lesson).

Revive, hosh men dnd : phir tdza hond (of flowers) ;but tdza-dam hond (of

persons).

Revoke, pher lend, (of a promise) : vide Cancel.

Reward, in'dm, m. (dend) : jazd, f. {milnd) (gen. ;in good or bad sense) :

ajar, m. (of God only) : sawdb, m. (in the next world).

Rheumatism, gathyd, f.; hd,i, f.

Rhinoceros, gendd, m. ; gendi, f.

Rhyme, tuk, f., H. : qdfiya^ m.

Rhymster, tuk-handi karne-wdld.

R'bb' reshmi jita : dhajji (any strip of cloth).

Rice, chanwal, m. (without husk) : dJmn, m. (with husk) : hhdt, m. (cookedrice) : pich, f. (rice-water).

Ricochet, goli tappd khd-ga,l : vide Rebound. 3700

Rich, amir ; rml-ddr ; daulat-mand (wealthy) : bhdg-wdn (by Hindus; lit.

fortunate) : vide Fertile.

Riddle, paheli, ht.; mu'ammd, m., (enigma) lit. and fig.

Ride, sawdr hond ; charhd hu,d hond : main sawdr gayd (I rode there).

Ridicule, kisl par hansrwi, or kisi par tdliydn bajdn^: kisi ki hansi urdnd.

Ridiculous, is khiydl par hansi dti hai — khiydl-i hhdm.

Rifle, rafal, f., Eng.

Rig, ek-andiyd (of horse).

Right, sidhd (also straight) : thlk ; durust :' vide

'

Correct, Fit : haqq, m.

(claim).

Righteous, Khudd-iars (God-fearing) : vide Religious.

Rigid, kasd hu,d: sahht or akrd hu,d (of a corpse): kdth ho-gayd (fromfear) : sahht (in principles) : [also expressed by a paraphrase].

Ring, chhalld, m, (of metal) . halqa (any loop or circle) : chakkar, m. {skny-

thing circuitous) ; anguthl (with a nag or signet in it) ; ghantd bajdnd(to ring a bell or strike a gong).

Ringworm, ddd, f.

Rinse, kulli karnd(—of the mouth).

Riot, balwd, m.

Ripe, pakkd or pukhtd (also cooked).

Ripple, lahr, f.

Rise, uthnd : uth khard hond (to stand up) : baland or unchd hond or

charhnd (of a kite or a bird) : phutkar nikalnd (or a river at its source) ;•

vide Flood : nikalnd or tulu' hond (of sun) : vide Originate :—kd

dam charhnd (rise in price ;vide Dear).

RIS 132 ' ROT

Risk, Uiatra : jokhoh or jokhim (f.) {men parnd) ;* vide

'

Danger.

Rites, rit rasm, f.

Rival, I raqib ; donon men lag ddnt hat(= riqabat i.\ lag opposition and

Rivalry, )dant chiding).

River, nadi or naddi (in Hindi a stream or river, but in Urdu a stream) :

darya, m. (river).

Rivet, tdnkna or tankd lagdna (with wire) :

'

ribit'

karnd. [Street.

Road, safak, f. (big public way) : rasta or rdsta, gen. (any way) : vide

Roan, garrd, red roan : chint or china, any colour with white flecks or

specks in it : chambd having splashes of white : garrd chamhd, a red

roan splashed with white.

Roar, dakdmd (of tiger ; of men in anger) : sher-dami karnd (of a horse) :

thatthd mdrna (to roar with laughter) ; gAurrdnd, intr. (to growl ;lit.

and met.).

Roast, kabdb k. (of meat only ; over a fire) : bhunnd, tr. and bhunnd, intr.

(to roast, to fry, and to parch ;to roast coffee).

Rob, lutnd. tr. (by force) : chori karnd (by stealth) : vide Dacoit, etc., andBreak througn.

Robber, ddku ; baUmdr (highway man) : luteru (plunderer).

Robe, qabdy f. (of no special pattern) : khiVat, m. (a' robe of honour,'

which may consist of only a handkerchief) .

Robust, hatta kattd (sound and well, spec, of young men) ; mold tdza (of

young or old) : qam tawdnd, gen. (ditto) : vide Sturdy and Alive.

Rock, chatdn^f., gen.: bard patthar : pahEr, m. (in sea) : dagmag karnd,^

intr. (also to hesitate) and hildnd, tr.

Rocket, hatod,t, f., or dsnmn-tdrdy m.

Rod, chhafi :* vide' Stick, Whip, Mace : bansi (fishing-rod ; also locally a

fish-hook.)

Rogue, vide Blackguard, Scoundrel.

Roll, lurhkdnd, tr., and lurhaknd, intr. : belnd or belan phernd (of dough) :

rolar phernd (of roads) : vide Wrap.

Roof, ) chhat, f. (ddlnd) :

' vide'

Palate : pdtnd (to roof) ; paid hit,a, adj.Roofed, i (roofed).

Room, kamrd, m. : kothri (a small room or a cell;kdli kothrl the *' Black

Hole ") : jagah, f. (space).

Roomy, kushdda.

Root, jar, f.; bekh, f. : {jar se) ukhdrnd (to root up, eradicate); bekh-kani

k. (ditto but met. only).

Rope, rassd, m., and rassl : dor, f.,and dorl : kamand, m. (a rope ladder).

Rope-dancer, nat (a Hindu caste) : nat-bdzi (rope- dancing).

Rosary, tasbihy f. (Muslim or Christian) : mdld, m. (Hindu ; also a necklace).

Rose, guldb, m. (also rose-water) : guldbl, adj. (the colour).

Rossette, phul, m. (lit. flower).

Rot, sar-jdnd ; gal-jdnd (prop, to go to pieces in cooking).

1 But dagmaganU to totter and also to hesitate.

ROT 133 . RUM

Rotten, sara ; gala ; hosida (hona).

Rottenness, saran, f.; hosidagi.

Rough, khurdura (to the touch) : vide Uneven : rukhd (not poUte ; also of

an answer) : inoia (of kam) : sarsari takhmlna (a rough estimate).

Round, gol :'

vide'

Oval, CyHndrical, Around, Circle.

Roundabout, peek kd ; pech-ddr ; pher phdr kd (indirect): chdron taraf,

adv. (on all sides, encircling).

Roundness, gold,i.

Rouse, jagdnd or uthdnd, tr. 3750

Rover, awdra (gen. in bad sense) : Tchdna ba-dosh.

Row, vide Line : vide Noise, Tumult: khend, tr., gen. (make a boat go) :

ddnd mdmd, tr. (to row Enghsh fashion).

Royal, sfiuM or bddshdhl, adj. : shdhdna, adj. and adv. {like kings).

Rub, malnd, tr.; masalnd, tr. (to rub with force with the hand, or crush

with the hand) : mdlish karnd (with an oil or embrocation) : ghis-jdnd,intr. (and ghisnd, tr.) (to be worn): ragarnd, tr., and ragar khdnd,intr., to abrade, excoriate ; also to grate).

Rubber, rabar, m. (India rubber).

Rubbish, kurd or kurd kurkat, m. (sweepings and rubbish) : malbd, m.

(debris of a building, etc.) : vide Nonsense.

Ruby, la'l^ m. : ydqut, m.

Rudder, patwdr, m. ; sukkdn, m.

Rude, be-hangdm (primitive, etc; of people) : rukhd and Tchushk (of man-

ners) ;vide Uncivil and Ill-mannered.

Rudeness, gustdkhi (impertinence) : shokhl (sauciness) : dhithd,i (boldnessand rudeness) : bad-akhldqi or rukhd-pan (opp. to civility).

Rudiments, usul, gen., sing., masc; qd'ide pi.

Rug, qdlicha (a small carpet) ; jd,e-ndmdz (prayer-carpet or mat, etc.) ;

gillm, m. (without pile) : namda (felt) : d^rl (of cotton) : shatranfi (orig.for playing chess on).

Ruin, khardbl ; tabdhi ; bar-bddl : satydndst (utter destruction): pd,e-mdlt

(lit. being trodden under foot) : zawdl, m. (decline) : Tchdna-hhardbi (of

a family) ; khandardt, m., pi., or khandar, m.,8ing. (of buildings, etc.) :

mrdna (a ruin and also a desolate place).

Ruin, to, khardb, etc. k. ; mismdr k. (level to the ground) ;vide Destroy and

Raze.

Ruinous, tabdhhdl; tabdh-hdlat men: bar-bddl or tabdhi Idne-wdld (of ex-

pense, etc.).

Rule, qdHda {bdndhrid or ^nuqarrar k.) (regulation, q.v.) : qdnun, m. (law,

q.v.) : tariqa (custom, q.v.); vide Govern: rul, m., Eng. (a ruler for

lines) ;rul dend

Ruler, hdkim ;' vide

' Govern and Rule.

Rum, ram shardb, f.

Rumble, gur gur (or qur qur, k. (of stomach) ; qardqur k. (ditto) : qhar-

ghardhat, f. (of heavy vehicles; of distant thunder).

Ruminate, vide Cud.

RUM 134 SAI

Rumour, aftudh, f. ; Ufti khahar, f. : bad hawa.l khabaren ufdnd = khabaren

gafhnd, tr. (false rumours) ; charchd, m. {k.) (general talk of) : bdzdn

gap, f. (bazar gossip).

Run, daurnd, intr., and daufdnd, tr. : bhdgnd (run away ; vide Flee) : vide

Abscond, Disappear ;vide Melt, Pursue.

Runaway, bhagord (from fight) : firdrl (absconder) : bhaggu (habitual run-

away).

Rung, da7idd, m. (of ladder; any thick stick).

Running, bardbar or lagdtar (in succession) : db-i rawdn ( running water)khatt'i shikasta (a running hand = ghastt, f.).

Rupture, phut, f. : fitq, m. (the injury).

Ruse, dd,on ghdt.

Rush, jhapatnd, intr. (also to pounce upon): pilnd, intr.,' dhas-parnd(prop, to sink into mud) : ghus-parrm (to rush into) : relkar-jdnd [relm ,

intr., is to butt with the head).

Rust, zang, m.; morcha, m. : phuphundl (mildew).

Rusty, zang-lagd hu,d; morcha khdyd hu,d.

Sabre, talwdr, f. {mdrnd; but with chaldnd to aim a blow with a sabre).

Sack, bora, m. ; gifiirai karnd, v. : vide Plunder.

Sacred, pdk; muqaddas.

Sacrifice, qurbdnl k. (animal), but qurbdn k. gen. (living or dead) : baliddnk. (living) : bal dena (to bury an animal or human being alive in thefoundations of a building to make it durable)

': vide Victim.

Sad, udds ; dil-gir :* vide' Sorrowful.

Saddle, kdihl /. or zin, m. {bdndhnd or kasnd).

Saddle-backed, ztn-pusht; kachchi (i.e. from Cutch).

Saddle-bags, khurjm, m.

Saddler, ztn-sdz (gen.) : mocht, m. (the caste that works in leather).

Safe, saldmat: sahih saldmat.

Safety, saldmatt :' vide

'

Protection.

Safe-conduct, badraqa.

Saffron, za'fardn, m.; kesar, m.

Sage, hakim (philosopher) : vide Wise,

Sail, bdd-bdn or pal, m.; (—kholnd to set sail) : jahdz men safar karnd, v.

;

kishii men duryd k% sair karnd (for pleasure).

Sailor, khaldsi (a native sailor;also a tent pitcher) : a European sailor is

usually called jahdzi gord.

Saint, buzurg (gen.) : pir or wall (a Muslim saint) : darvesh (a dervish) :

rishl or muni (Hindu) ; sddhu, jogi, sanydsi, and bairdgi are classes of

Hindu ascetics.

I It is still commonly believed that the English bury Indians alive under the

pillars of any new bridge.

SAL 135 SCA

Sale, hikrti f • / farokht, f.

Salient, hahar ka kond (vulg. ; oppos. to andar ka kona re-entrant angle).

Salt, \namak, m., or Ion, m. : namak-ddn (salt-cellar) : samandar kd klm

Salted, / (=an old salt) : khan or shor, adj. (of water or land) ;

namkin

(salted) and namkin k. (to salt, to pickle).

Salutation, saldm, m., or tasEm, f., gen. (karnd ; but with kahnd = present

my compliments to) : handagl (k.) (to superiors of any sect ;not used

by strict Muslims) : Ram Ram {kahnd) (to equals) and parndm {k.) (to

gurus and pandits) are common Hindu forms : salami (with guns).

Salvation, najdt, f. : mukti fauj (Salvation Army). 3800

Salve, marham, m.

Same, vmhi :' vide

'

Hind. Man., page 22, line 12.

Sample, namuna, m., gen. : bdngi (of grain) : vide Pattern.

Sanction, manzurt, f.

Sand, reg or ret or bdlu, m. : retld, adj. (sandy).

Sandal, sandal, m.; chandan, m.

; ret-ghan or bdlu-ghan (sand-glass).

Sand-grouse, bhaUtUar or barr-tltar.

Sarcasm, vide Taunt.

Sash, jdl, m., mil. : rumdl, m. (any ornamental piece of silk worn on the

shoulder, etc.)

Satan, Shaitdn ; Iblis.

c f^*^'\ser karnd (to feed to satisfaction) : serl, sabs. : vide Tired.

Satin, atlas, m.; sdta7i, m., Eng.

Satire, hajv, f. (k,).

Satisfaction, taskin, f. or tasalll (properly consolation) : itmirmn, m., or

diljama'l :' vide

'

Compensation and Damages.

sftisfactorUy,}^^^'''*-^'^^^^^'''''' ^''^^-

Satisfied, merd itmindn ho-gayd:' vide' Sufficient.

Saturday, sanlchar, m., gen. : hafta, m. (Muslim).

Sauce, 'sds,' m., Eng.: chatni (chutney).

Saucy, shokh.

Saucer, pirich, f. (for tea; with cup) : tashtarl (without cup).

Saunter, vide Ramble.

Savage, wahshi or jangli : kattar (biter ;of horse) : khun-khwdr (of lion and

of blood-thirsty people) : vide Vicious.

Save, bachdnd, tr. ;' vide' Salvation and Release: pas-anddz k. or bachd-

rakhnd (lay up or lay by) ; jama' k. (ditto).

Saw, dra, m. (chaldnd) : burdda (saw-dust ;also filings).

Say, kahnd {kisi se ; but with ko = to order; also to compose poetry ;

always of articulate speech ;vide Hind. Man., pp. 43 and 94), bolnd,

(gen. of inarticulate speech ;vide Hind. Man.) : vide Order, Repeat.

Scab, khurand, f .; thikari, (in Panjab ;

lit. a potsherd).

SCA 136 SCR

Scabbard, miyan, m. (of sword).

Scaffold, machan, m. {vide Platform) ; paf, m. (hdndhna).

Scald, jahid, iiitr., and jaldnd, tr. (lit. to burn, etc.).

Scald-headed, ganja.

Scale )

Scales r^''^^' *^-5 P«^^« (o>^e side): chhilkd, m. (of fish).

Scandal, bad-go^t (k.) (spec, by women).

Scar, c^^, m.

Scarce, kam-yab :' vide

'

Rare.

Scarcely, expressed with na and pand, but vide Hind. Man., p. 181 («).

Scarcity, girdnt (a year of scarcity) ;kdl or qaht, m., lit. or met.

;vide

Famine.

Scarlet, qirmizt, adj.

Scatter, chhintnd (of seed) : fitor ftz'tor ^. or tm terah k. (disperse) : phaildnd

(spread out) ;hikherrm (ditto ; opposite to sametnd).

Scene, samdn, m. : parda (in theatre) : vide Sight.

Scenery, manzar, m. (of a country).

Scent, bu or mahak, f.;bu bds, f. : vide Perfume : bu pdnd (to smell

;of

wild animals).

Scented, khush-bu-ddr ; mu' attar.

Sceptic, shakki ; wasivdst.

Sceptre, asd, m.; sontd, m. (also club).

Schemer, tadhlriya, adj. (gen. in bad sense) : mudabbir (in good sense).

Scholar, 'dlim ; fdzil (more than 'dlim) :'' vide

'

Pupil.

School, maktab, m. (primary) : madrasa (a high school or a college) : iskul,

m., Eng. (an Enghsh-teaching school) : pdth-shdld, f. (primary Hindu) :

ustdd, gen. (schoolmaster ;vide Teacher) : Mdstar (Eng. Master) : mi'

ydnjl (in a maktab) ; maulam (teacher of Ar. and Per.) : Pandit (of

Hindi, Sanskrit or Bengali) : ustdrii (a school-mistress) : dtu (governess).

Schoolboy, iskuli larkd.

School-fellow, ham-maktab.

3850 Science, 'llm, m. (knowledge) :

'

sd,ins,' m., Eng. (= science).

Scissors, qainchl, f., T.; miqrdz, f., Ar.

Scold, ddntnd (with noise) : ddntnd dapatnd (to scold much and loudly).

Scorch, jhulasnd, tr., and jhulas-jdnd, intr.

Score, bisi or kori.

Scorn, vide Contempt.

Scorpion, bichchhu, m.

Scoundrel, badma'dsh, gen. ; luchchd, gundd, and shuhdd (professional) ;bad-

loaza' or bad-chalan (of bad character; a mild term).

Scout, iskaut, m., Eng.

Scramble, rupiya, etc., lutdnd, tr. (to throw to be scrambled for) ;

—lutnd,

tr. (to scramble for).

Scrape, khurachnd.

SCR 137 SEE

Scratch, chhilnd, tr.; chhilna, intr.

; khardsh, f. {dend and lagnd).

Scrawl, vide Crabbed.

-Scr«eam, chinghdrnd, intr. (of elephants ;from fear) but chinghdr yndrnd (of

humans or other animals) : chikh mdrnd (from fear or sorrow, butnot from anger ;

not so forcible as previous) ; chilchnd, intr. (gen. ;to

call out, make a noise, to shrill, etc., etc.;of anger, sorrow, fear, etc.).

Screen, tatii (hurdle, etc.; outside screens) : ot, f. gen. : parda (a hanging) :

vide Chiq : and Cover,

Screw, 'pech, m. {se hand karnd) ; pech lagdnd (to put in a screw) : pechkasnd (screw up).

Scribble, dhar-ghasitnd or ghasit-dalnd (to scribble off).

Scrotum, khusiye H thaili.

Scuffle, hdthd pd^i {k.) (slight) : dhmgd mushti (k) : vide Struggle.

Scum, phen, or jhdg, m. (also foam of the sea).

Scurf, rust.

Scurvy, masurhe kl himdri (amongst Sepoys ; lit. disease of the gums).

Sea, samundar, m.;

— kd kindra(—

shore).

Seal, muhr, f. (lagdnd or karnd).

Seam, darz, f. (of cloth or boards).

Search, taldsh (f.), k. ; just o jii (f.), k. ; dhundhnd, tr.;

' vide'

Examine,Enquire; kist ki taldshi lend (to search a person), hhdna-taldshl k.

(to search a house).

Season, mausim, m.; rut., f.

; fast, f. (for fruits or crops).

Seat, dsan^ m. (on horse-back;also place of sitting ; also any one of the

thirty-two Hindu postures in copulation) : bithand (to make to sit;to

drive in).

Second, taJd k. (a motion).

Second-hand, masraft or isti'mdli.

Second-sight, ghdih-ddn, adj. and ghaih-ddni, subs.

Secret, hhed or rdz, m. : c[haib, adj. (what is hidden).

Secretion, badan ki rutubat (lit. dampness of the body).

Sect, firqa, m. : guroh, m. (also a body) ; jamd'at, f. (also party).

Secure, vide Safe, Careless, Certain and Possession.

Security, w'c^e Protection : amdnat,f. (surety, in kind); and zdmin (the

person).

Sediment, til-chhat, f. gen, (orig. of oil only).

Sedition, jasdd, subs., m. : vide Mutiny and Disaffected.

Seditious, jasddi (of people) ; bdghiydna (of an article, a speech).

Seduce, vide Incite : bahkdnd, tr. (lead from the right course) : bigdrnd, tr,

(of a virgin ;lit. to spoil).

See, dekhnd, tr. ;' vide

'

Look, Meet, Visit.

Seed, bij, m. or tukhm, m. (of plants) ; nutfa, m. (human; vide also Semen).

Seek, dhundnd, tr. ; talash k. : khojnd, tr. (also to track) : vide Ask for.

Seem, ma'lum hond ; zdhir hond (but sdf zdhir hond to be evident) : vide

Appear.

18

SEI 138 SET

Seize, vide Apprehend, Catch ; -par jhapatnd (to pounce on ; also to rush) :

chhtnlena, tr. (take by force) : vide Confiscate.

Seldom, ittifaq se ; ham.

Select, chunnd^ tr. ; irUik^db k. ; ckhdnt-lend : pasand kar-lend.

Selfish, ) khud-g[^raz ; ghfirzi ; khud-mailab ; gharaz kd banda (a slave

Selfishness, \ to self) : khud- giiarazt ; khud-matlabt, subs.

Sell, bechnd, tr. and biknd, intr. ; farokht k.

Semen, warn, f. ; dhdt, f., H. ; pdni, m., vulg. : vide Seed.

3900 Send, ratvdna k. ; bhejnd, tr. ; pahunchwdnd : buld-bhejud, tr. (to send for a

person ; vide Summon) . mangd-bhtjnd, tr. (to send for articles).

Senior, 'umr (f.), etc. men bard.

Sense, hiss, f., pi. hawdss, m. (the senses) : ma'mvM samajh.i. (common-sense; a modern term).

Senseless, be-hosh (in a stupor) : be-hiss (numb, q.v. ;lit. and fig.).

Sensual, nafs-parast, gen. : shahwatt (spec, of lust).

Sentence, hukm^ m. (of Judge) : tajwlz, f. (of Court, etc.) : jumla (in book).

Sentry, santarl, m. ; pahra-wdla ;' vide

' Watchman and Patrol.

Separate, judd k. ; alag k. ; 'alahada k. ;' vide

'

Interpose.

Separation, /l*cia,^ ; 'alqhadagt.

Series, silsila (lit. chain;also range of mountains).

Serious, vide Important : ahamm kdm (a serious affair) ; vide Earnest :

sanjida (in manner).

Sermon, wa'z, m. {karnd or kahnd) (any sermon) : khutba {kahnd or parhnd}(a part of the Friday service or the marriage service).

Servant, naukar : naukar chdkar, pi. : khddim (by the vulg. used only^

metaphorically) : khidmat-gdr (a body servant) : muldzim (of rank,such as an official

;sarl^ri muldzim, a Government servant) : vide

Slave : Khudd kd banda (servant of God;also creature of God).

Serve, khidmat k. gen. (also to look after) : naukrl k. (work for, on hire).

Service, naukrl : muldzamat, f. : khidmat, f. (attendance).

Serviceable, kdm ke ld,iq :' vide

'

Useful.

Session, seshan, m., Eng. (of Court) : ijlds, m. (ditto).

Set, lagdnd (to attach) : vide Place ; jarnd^ tr. (of jewels ;vide Imbed) :

/amna, intr., and jamdnd, tr. (curdle, etc.): pakkd hond (to become^

hard ; of cement) ; vide Appoint : jornd, tr., and jurnd, intr. (of broken

hone) ', bithdnd, tr. (of dislocation): set, m., Eng. (of buttons, tea-

things, etc., etc.); for set out : vide Start.

Settle, vide Fix, Place, Determine: faisala k. (adjust or decide a dispute,

etc.): basnd, intr., gen. = ghar karnd (to take up one's abode perma-

nently) ;dbdd hond (ditto, of a number only) : mulk men aman chain

ho'jdnd (after an insurrection, etc.) : baithnd (settle gradually, of

earth; also become clear, of liquids) : chukdnd, tr., or add k. (of debts).

Settlement, band o bast, m. (of revenue) : mahr, m. (on a wife) : nau-dbddv

{qdyim k. or h.) (colony): tasfiya {k.) (of a dispute): chukdna or

chukautd, m. {k.), or dddkdri (of debts).

Settler, basne-mdld.

SEV 139 SHE

Several, chand ; ka,i, or ka,i ek ; ba'z or ba'zi ; do char :' vide

' Few andVarious.

Severe sakht, gen.) : tez or shadld (of abstract things) : tund (of wind or

temperament).

Severity, sajchti ; shiddat, f.

Sew, sind, tr.

Sewing, sila,i : sild,l ki kal (sewing machine). [sex).

Sex, fins, f. (also = species ;and stuff, goods) : 'aurcU {ki) zdt (the female

Sexual, mard 'aurat se muta'alliq : suhbat, f., or ham-bistarl (— intercourse).

Shade, chhdnw or chhd,on, f. (ddlnd) : sdya {ddlnd) : (also shadow, iq. v.) :

vide Screen.

Shadow, parchhd,in, f. : sdya (also = shade).

Shady, sdya-dur.

Shaft, bam, m. (of carriage).

Shake, hilnd,mtr., and hildnd : dagmagdnd, intr., and dagmagd-derm ,tr. (to

totter q.v., or rock) : vide Tremble : hdth mildnd, tr. (shake hands) :

jhdrnd, tr. (to remove dust; also = to brush).

Shallow, uthld (of dishes or the container ') ; thord pdnihai = ddml pdydb

jd'Saktd hai, or dubd,o pdni nahm hai, (of water;vide Ford).

Sham, naqli (opp. to aslt).

Shame,^Csharm, f. (also shyness, q.v.) : Idj, f., and hayd, f. (also = a sense

of honour) : nang, m. (honour, a sense of shame^

also = disgrace) :

khijdlat or sharmindagi (feeling shame) : sharmdnd (intr. to feel shy,but tr. to make ashamed) ;

sharminda k. :'

vide' Disgrace.

Shamefaced, sharminda-ru (from wrong doing).

Shameful, sharm k% bdt.

Shameless, be-sharm ; be hayd : be-gliairat (without a sense of honour).

Shampoo, pd,on dabdnd, tr. (a kind of massage) : mukkl lagdnd, tr. (by pom-mehng) : badan fipnd (by pressing) : malnd, tr. (rub).

Shape, shakl, f. (also = face) ; daul, f. : vide Appearance and Mould.

Shapely, tarah-ddr (spec, for humans;also of buildings, but not of ani-

mals) ; hhush-waza' , gen.

Share, hissa, m.; bdnt, f . : vide Divide

;hissa-ddr (shareholder).

Sharp, tez: nukild (pointed) : tez-nigdh (sharp-sighted) : tez-fahm (sharp-

witted).

Shave, mundnd, tr.;

'

vide'

Peel.

Sheath, miydn, m. (for sword) : ghildf, m. (of horse).

Shed, sdya-bdn, m.

Sheep, bher, f. gen. ; bheri, f. (ewe) ; bherd or mendhd (ram) : dumba, m.

(fat-tailed sheep) ; dumbi, f.

Sheet, chddar, f. ; tahhta (of paper ;ht. plank).

Sheldrake, chakwd, m., and chakwi, f.; surkhdb, m., Panj.

Shelf, birdkit, m., Eng. (prop, a bracket) ; %, m. (a niche in a wall).

Not of the contained : is da ya kl tah uthll hai (not darya uthli hai).

SHE 140 SHO

3960 Shell, stp, f. (oyster shell) : ghonga, m. (sliells not flat; shaped like a

whelk); ghohga sip, m., gen.: kauri (cowrie): sankh, m. (conch):chhilkd, m. (of walnut, etc.; vide Peel).

Shelter, paimh, f. (safety) : ar, f. (from view, sun, rain, bullets) : bachd,o,m. (defence) : sdya (shade, shadow, protection of human beings).

Shepherd, gadaryd.

Shield, dhdl, f. ; sipar, f.

Shift, saraknd, intr. (leave its place) : vide Move, Change : guzdrd k. (tomake shift with).

Shilly-shally, agar magar karnd :' vide

'

Hesitate.

Shin, phidlT.

Shine, chamaknd, gen., intr.;raushan h. ; jhaldjhal k. (to glitter) : jhalakna

(of bright metal).

Ship, jaJmz, m.: dg-bot, m. (steamer) ; dud-kash,^ m. (a launch) : jahdz kl

tabdhx (ship- wreck).

Shirk, kdm se ji churdnd : kdm-chor (a shirker).

Shirt, qamls, m. : kurtd, m. (nowadays also used for coat).

Shiver, tharthardnd or kdmpnd, intr. (from cold, fever, or fear) ; tharrdnd,intr. (to tremble from fear).

Shock, sadma :' vide

'

Collide.

Shoe, gurgdbi (native shoe) : silpat, f . (slipper) : jiitd or juti, gen. .' vide

Boot; naH, m. [hdndhnd) (horse-shoe): khol-handl (A;.), (to pare andreshoe with old shoes ) : vide Cobbler and Slipper.

Shoeless, nange-pd,on.

Shoot, goU, etc.^ chaldnd, tr., gen. : goli, etc., se mdrnd (to shoot and kill) : is

chlz ko goli mdro(= put the etc.—etc., thing out of your mind

;let it

slide) : vide Fire : ugnd, intr. (germinate) : banduq kd shikdr k. (of

sport).

Shop, dukdn, f. : dukdn barhdnd (to close the shop at night ;but dukdn

band k. on Sunday or holidays, etc.) ; uthd,i-gird (a shop-lifter) :

dukdn-ddr (shop-keeper) .

Shore, samandar kd kindra.

Short, chhotd (also small) : ndtd (in stature) : vide Brevity.

Short-lived, kam-haydt.

Short-sighted, kotdh-nazar (lit. and met).

Shot, charrd, m.

Shoulder, kandhd, m. ; mondhd, m. (point of shoulder) : dhakkam dhakkdkarke jdnd — rel pel kar jdnd (to shoulder one's way through a crowd) :

vide Push and Shore.

Shout, vide Challenge : dwdz dend : chilldkar bolnd.

Shove, dhakelnd, tr.; dhakkd dend (to push anyhow, jostle, elbow): vide

Shoulder and Push.

Shovel, belcha.

Show, dikhdnd or dikhldnd, tr. : nishdn dend (point out)) : zdhir k. (bring

to light): batldnd, tr. (explain; vulg. shew): vide Appear, Inform,

Guide, Prove : dikhdwd, m. (outward show).

' In Persian a chimney.

SHO 141 SIM

Shower, jhari (for many hours) : huchJmr, f. (short).

Shriek, vide Scream.

Shrill, tez.

Shrine, ziyarat-gdh, f.; mazdr, m.

; dar-gdh, f. : maqbara (any fine tomb).

Shrink, sukarna, intr. (of people or cloth).

Shrivel, jhurrl parnd (of the skin) : murjhdnd, intr. (of flowers).

Shroud, kafan, m. {dend or pahndnd).

Shrug, kandhe ckarhdnd. [Prevaricate.

Shuffle, phentnd, tr. (cards; beat up an egg, etc.): bdten bandnd ; vide

Shun, -se kindra karnd; parhez k. ;—se bachnd ; dur or bdzrahnd: vide Avoid.

Shunt,' shant

'

karnd.

Shutj band k. : mutthi bdndhnd (close the first) : vide Close and Shop.

Shutter, kiwdr, m. ; jhilmill (Venetian shutter; from jhilmili dim, of light).

Shy, sharmd,o, or sharniild.

Sick, bimdr ; mariz (patient) : ji matldnd, intr. (to feel inclined to vomit) ;

vw^e Vomit: rogl {one who is always sick from one disease, or from

many ;not hale).

Sickle, dardnti.

Side, taraf, f. or jdnib, f. (direction) : pahlu or bagfuxl (m.) men (by the side

of) : bdzu (m.) mildkar or bdzu ba-bdzu khare ho (stand side by side)

Siege, qil'a-band k. ; muhdsara {k.) :' vide

'

Besiege.

Sieve, chhalni.

Sift, chJmnnd, tr.

Sigh, ah (f.) {karnd\ ; sans (f.) bharnd: kurhnd, intr. (to fret).

Sight, nazar, f. ; nigdh, f. (of the eyes) : nazdra, m. (view and spectacle) :

tamdsJm, m. (spectacle) : darsJiani, adj. (at sight, of a bill).

Sign, aldmat, f.; nishdn, m. : vide Proof, Effect, Signal : vide Signature.

Signal, ishdra, m. {k.) : shikast-i fdsh (a signal defeat) : numdydn fath

(—

victory).

Signalize, mashhur karnd. 4000

Signature, dast-hhatt, m., pi. {k.) : sahih, f. {k.) vulg.

Signet, muhr ki anguthi.

Significant, pur-matlab.

Signify, ma'iii rakhnd (mean) : kuchh nahlh (it does not signify).

Silence, khdmoshi ; sukut, m. : chup, f., subs, and adj.; kam-sukhani {oilittle speech).

Silent, chup; khdmosh ; chupkd = kam-suhhan ; gup-chup (reserved).

Silently, chup-chdp : dabe pd.on {se) (with silent foot-fall).

Silk, resham, m., subs., and reshamiy adj. ; res^amHHm (silkworm) : tasar,m. (Tussore silk).

Silly, ndqis-ul-'aql (spec, of woman as a class).

Silver, clidndi : silvar (German silver) : sundr (silver or goldsmith).

s'imiiSty, ]'^^'^"'^<'' Likeness.

1 But qiPorhandl fortifying.

SIM 142 SKI

Simile, iaskbih, f.

Simmer, khadaknd, intr.

Simple, soda (plain); mufrad (opp. to murakkah compound) : sidha sdda (of

people ;also bhold bhdld) .

Simplicity, sdda-pan ; albeld-pan (charming simplicity of a young girl).

Simultaneously, ek hi waqt men.

Since, jab se (of time) : ba'd (afterwards).

Sin, gundh, m.; pdp, m., H. : gundh ka kaffdra (sin offering, or charity to

remove sin, etc.).

Sincere, sachchd ; mukhlis ; sddiq.

Sinew, patthd, m.

Sinful, gundh-gdr ; pdpi.

Sing, gdnd, tr. (cog. obj. as git or ghazal ;but gdkar namdz parhte hain they

sing their prayers).

Singer, gawaiyd, m.

Singe, jhulasnd, intr., and jhulsdnd, tr. (also to scorch).

Single, ekahrd (opp. to dohrd) :' vide

'

Bachelor and Simple.

Singly, ek eh kdrke ; fard-an fard-an.

Singular, wdhld (number) : anokhd (rare and odd, peculiar) : nirdld (pecu-liar; also pure; unique). [Decline.

Sink, dhasnd, intr. (in mud) : dubnd, intr. (in water; vide Drown) : vide

Sinless, ma sum (of certain Prophets; also = an infant).

Sinner, vide Sinful.

Sister, bahan, f. : ham^shira, f.

Sit, baithnd, intr. ;khdne par baithnd (to sit at a meal) : uth-baithnd {to sit up

from a recumbent position) .* tashnf raknd, tr. (polite) : send, tr. (on

eggs) : vide Squat.

Site, maqdm, m.

Situated, wdqi* .

Situation, jagah, f. or naukrl (of service) : yih makdn achchhe mauqa' parhai (the situation of this house is good).

Size, qadd^ m. (stature) : lambd,i chaurd,l, etc. (of a room) ; paimdna, m.

(of a room or box or parcel).

Skeleton, thathri, f.; pinjrd^ m.

Skewer, siTch, f.

Skilful, vide Skilled.

Skill, hunar, m.; ustddi, f. : vide Expertness.

Skilled, hunar-mand ; ustdd.

Skim, phen, m., etc., nikdlnd.

Skin, chamrd, m. gen. (also leather) : khdl, f. (a whole skin or hide).

Skin-flint, makkhi-chus (one who would suck a fly that falls into his dish).

Skip, uchhal kud (f.) karnd, gen, : kulelen k. (to skip about like a deer ;be

frisky) : bakar-kud (f.) k. (in a contemp, sense).

Skirmish, lard, I bhird,t.

SKI 143 SMA

Skirt, daman, m. ; god, in. (lap).

Skittish, chanchal (of foal, boys, etc.).

Skulk, dabka-phirnd.

Sky, dsman.

Slack, dhild (loose of things ;also slack of people) : suat (lazy ;

also 4050'

feeling slack ') : w^Ze Careless.

Slake, piyds hujhdnd^ tr. [Libel.

Slander, buhtdn, m. (on one innocent) : tuhmat, f . (any false charge) : vide

Slang, bdzdrl boll.

Slanting, salami.

Slap, tamdncha k. or thappar (m.) (mdrnd) (on face): chapat, f., or tarl, f.

(on head).

Slate, silet, f., Eng. (for writing on).

Slaughter, zibh k. (cut the throat, spec, for food).

Slave )

«.'

[ (fhuldm: ghuldml (slavery).

Sleek, chiknd chamak-ddr.

Sleep, nlnd, f. ;sond (to go to sleep) ;

be-khabar sond (to sleep soundly) :

nlnd dnd or dnkh lagnd (to fall asleep) : so-jdnd (to fall asleep, in-

voluntarily) : so-rahnd (go to sleep purposely) : merd pd,on bhar-gayd= mere pd,on men, jhinjhini hai (my foot has gone to sleep).

Sleepy, nlnddsd (of people) : nlnd dtl hai : nlnd kd mdtd (mdtd = matwdld) ;* vide

'

Soporific.

Sleet, menh aur olon kl buchhdr.

Sleeve, dstln, f .

Sleight, dast'Chdldki.

Slender, vide Fine and Slim.

Slice, qdsh, f.; phdnk, f. (of bread or fruit).

Slight, khaflf or halkd : khiffatf f. (affront).

Slim, n^zuk (of women) : chharaird (of men or animals).

Slink, dum dabdkar tal-jdnd : khisak-jdnd.

Slip, phisalnd, intr. vide Shift.

Slipper, sillpar or vulg. silpat, f. : chatl or zer-pd,l.

Slippery, phislahd.

Slit. cJmk, m. (or rent, etc.)

Slope, dlmlwln zamin.

Sloping, dhdlu or dhdlwdn.

Sloven, uljalulf adj., gen. : bad-saliqa (untidy in method, not in dress).

Slow, sust-raftdr :* vide

'

Slack.

Slowness, sust-raftdrl.

Slur, dd§[k. or dhabbd, m. (stain).

Small, chhotd :' vide

' Short and Tiny.

Small-pox, chechak, f . : sltld, f.

SMA 144 SOF

Smart, sajild (smart-looking) ;nukila sajild jawan (nice-looking smart

young man).

Smartly, chat se (in Punjab chatak se) : phurtl se.

Smash, tukfe tukfe k.

Smattering, kaUir matar jannd.

Smear, chupafTid, tr. and intr.

Smell, sunghna, tr.; mahaknd, intr., gen., but bu dend, intr. (of bad smell) ;

bu pdnd, tr. (to get the scent of, as a dog).

Smile, muskurdnd, intr. ; muskurdhat, f.

Smoke, dhudn, m. [dend] (vulg. also fog) : huqqa or tambdku, etc. pind (tosmoke).

Smooth, chiknd (opp. of khurdurd).

Smother, express by a paraphrase.

Smuggle, 9'W-man k. : (ghat-rmr, smuggler).

Snaffle, qaza,i.

Snake, sdnp, m.

Snap, chat se tornd, tr. .• karkardnd, intr. : muhh lapkdnd, tr. (to snap at but

miss).

Snare, ddm, m., gen. : pd-ddm (noose for feet) : phandd, m., gen. (noose) :

vide Net, Noose, and Gin.

Snatch, chhln-lend (by force) : jhapat-lend or uchat-lend (to pounce on or

carry off).

Sneer, ndk charhdkar kahnd: ' vide'

Taunt.

Sneeze, chhmknd, intr.

Snipe, chdhd, m.

Snore, khar khar-karnd.

Snot, renty f.

4100 Snout, thuthnd or thuthni.

Snow, barf, f. (and also ice).

Snuff, nds, f. {lend): suraknd, tr. (snuff up).

Snuffle, ndk se bolnd or ninniydnd (to speak through the nose).

Soak, bhigorm, tr.; bhignE, intr. (also to get wet) : ja^ hond (to soak

into, in any direction): tel tumhdre badan men sukh-gayd, vulg. (theoil has soaked into your body; for jazb hu,d].

Soap, sdbun, m. {lagdnd or malnd) : besan, m. (gram flour; used as soap).

Soar, hawd men chakkar lagdnm.

Sob, sisid (bhamd) = subkiydn lend.

Sober, hoshydr.

Sociable, milansdr.

Society, sosd^iily Eng.

Sock, mx)za (originally of leather;also = children's soft boot).

Sodomite, lutl (from Lot) : launde-bdz (active) ; gdndu (pathic).

Sodomy, launde-bdzl ; gdndu-pan.

Soft, narm ; muld^im.

SOI 145 SPA

Soil, ) be-raunaq hona ; mala-dala (of goods or women) : mitU or zamln

Soiled, 3 (earth).

Solder, {men) sisa pilana.

Soldier, sipahi.

Soldierlike, sipahiyana.

Sole, ialwa, m. (of foot) : tala, m. (of boot).

Solid, thos (not hollow).

Soliloquize, ap M ap haten karna.

Solitude, tanha,l ; akela, subs, and adj. ;sannata (loneliness).

Solve, bujhna, tr. (riddle): hall k. (a difficulty).

Some, kuchh ; ba'ze ; ko,i ; kisi na kisi waqt (some time or other).

Somehow, kisi tarah ; jistarah ho-sake ; jun tun kar ke(—with difficulty).

Sometimes, kabhl kabhi.

Somewhere, kahln.

Son, beta ; farzand (polite) : sahib-zada (more polite) ; gharib-zada (politefor one's own son) : damad (son-in-law).

Song, git, m. : chahchahah, m. (of birds).

Soon, jald{ov jaldi, Y\x\g.): chand roz men ; 'an-qarib.

Soot, kdjal, m. (lamp-black for collyrium) ; kajli (dirt of a lamp).

Soothe, taskin k. (of pain) : kam karnd (lessen q.v.).

Soothsayer, 'dmil (exorcist): fdl-kholne-wala (diviner): rammdl (geomancer,who tells fortune from rami) : nujumi (astrologer) : vide Wise.

Soporific, khwdb-dwar.

Sorcerer, vide Magician.

Sore, zakhm, m. (also wound).

Sorrow, vide Grief.

Sorrowful, ghamgin :' vide

'

Sad.

Sorry, vide Regret.

Sort, qism, f. (kind) : qism qism judd karnd (to sort).

So-so, aisd waisd.

Soul, ruh, f.

Sound, dwdz, f.;vide Noise : be-'aib, or hdth pd,oh durusl (of horses).

Soup, shorbd, m. (thick) : yakhni (clear).

Sour, khattd ; turush.

Source, chashma (source or spring of river; also the stream from somedistance from its source) : jar, f. (origin) : vide Founder, Head.

South, dakhan, m. subs., junub, m., subs.

Sovereignty, bddshdhat, f.; saltanat, f .

; hukumat^ f. (governing).

Sow, suwarni (animal): boTwi, tr.; tuTchm-pdshi k. : lagd,i bujhd,i k. (to

sow dissension; idea taken from fire; applying fire and then puttingit oat).

Space, ivasa't, f. ; fdsila (distance).4150

Spacious, wasi'.

19

SPA 146 SPL

Spade, phaftva, m.

Span, hdlisht, f.

Spaniel, panlr kutta, Eng.

Spare, fdltu, adj. : vide Thin : and Forgive.

Sparingly, kifdyat se.

Spark, chingdrt.

Sparkle, damaknd (of jewels) : jagmagdnd (scintillate).

Sparrow, chin and chifd.

Sparrow-hawk, bdshu, fem. and bdshin, male (the English sparrow-hawk) :

skikra, fem., and chipak m. (the Indian sparrow-hawk).*

Sparse, btrld.

Spatter, —chhint parnd ;* vide

'

Splash.

Spavin, Jiaddd (bone-spavin) : mothrd (bog-spavin).

Speak, holnJd (utter sounds): kahnd (say):^ bdt A;, (speak) : vic^e Relate,Narrate. [bhdld, m.

Spear, neza, gen.: ballam, m. (lance); barchhd, large and barchhi, small :

Special, khJdss.

Species, jins, f.

Spectator, tamdshd,i, gen.; tarndshd-bm (also = one that visits the chaklds).

Speech, zdbdn, f. (tongue, language): vide Conversation: taqrir, f., or

Hspich\ f. (k.).

Speed, jaldi. [words).

Spell, mantar, m. (Hindu) (parhnd) ; du'd, f. (MusUm) : hijje karnd (of

Spend, kharch-karnd ; sarf k. : kdtnd or ba-sar karnd (of time).

Spice, masdlih, m., vulg. masdld.

Spider, makrl (small) and makrd (big).

Spike, mekh, f. (also nail, peg, q.v.).

Spill, girdnd, tr. : dhcUnd, intr. to be spilt (also to decline of the sun, etc.;

to overflow of tears dnsu dhal-gayd) : [but tr. dhdlnd to pour ;to cast

metal ; to drink too much wine].

Spin, kdtnd (make thread).

Spine, rtrh.

Spire, mindr, m. and burji (of church).

Spirit, vide Soul, Ghost: 'araq, m. and jauhar, m., f. (intoxicating).

Spirited, jdn-ddr.

Spiritual, ruJmnl. [Skewer.

Spit, thuknd, tr. : ugalnd, tr. (to spit out of the mouth voluntarily) : vide

Spite, ktna ;' vide

'

Malice and Hate.

Spittle, thuk, m. (cast from the mouth) : pik, f. (after chewing pan) : rdl,

f. (natural saUva).

Splash, kichar se bhar-dend.

Spleen, tilli, gen. : tihdl, f. (human only).

' Poets and dictionaries err in the genders of these words.2 For difference between bolna and kahna ' vide ' Hind. Man. , p. 43.

SPL 147 STA

Splendour, jdh o jalal :' vide

'

Pomp.

Splint, bel-haddl (in horse).

Splinter, kirich, f. (also a straight sword) ; phdns, m.

Split; chirnd, tr. (cleave slowly or with saw) : phdrnd, tr. (to tear and to

cleave, q.v.).

Spoil, higdrnd, tr., and higdrnd, intr.;khardb k. and h. : satydnds k. (ruin

. utterly) : vide Rob, Plunder.

Spoilt (child), Idd duldr se khardh ho-gayd.

Spoke, drd, m. (of wheel).

Sponge on, to, vide Live.

Spoon, chamcha : chamcha bhar {sipooniul).

Sport, khel, m. (play) : shikdr, m. {karnd or khelnd) (every kind of hunting,shooting, fishing, bird-catching, etc.): vide Joke.

Sportive, chulbuld.

Sportsman, shikdrt : khildrl (playful, and also player).

Spot, dhabbd, m. (large blot): ddcfh, m., gen.: chhmt, f. (small).

Spotted, ddgh-ddr : gul-ddr (of animal's coat).

Spout, tontl (of tea-pot, etc.) :—kd fawwdra chhutnd (to spout out).

Sprain, moch, i. {dnd) : laehak, f. {d-jdnd) : pay bhar-jdnd (filling of a 4200horse's leg).

Spread, bichhdnd, tr. (of cloths; place chairs, tables, etc.): phaildnd, tr.,

and phailndf intr. (spread out, spread abroad).

Spring, vide Jump : bahdr, f . (the season) : kamdm (of steel).

Sprinkle, chhiraknd, tr.

Sprout, ugnd, intr.

Spur, kdntd, m. {mdrnd) : mahmez, t.

Spurious, ja' E : jhutd.

Spurn, hiqdrat se dekhnd or radd karnd, etc. :—

par Idt marnd.

Spy, jdsus : go,inda (informer, q.v.).

Squab, patthd, m. (also a chick, a young wrestler).

Squander, urdnd, tr.; lutdnd, tr. .• phunk-dend :

' vide'

Waste.

Square, murabba', adj. and subs. : chaukond, adj. and subs.

Squash, chitr karnd (also to smash, q.v.) : pichkdnd, tr. (to flatten).

Squat, ukruh baithnd (to sit on the heels, of men; to sit up).

Squeak, chil chil k.

Squeeze, nichornd, tr. (also to wring) : dabdnd, tr. (press).

Squib, patdkhd.

Squint-eyed, bkengd (of the eye or of the person).

Squirm, rengnd, intr., lit. only.

Squirrel, gilahrt (the small palm-squirrel).

Stab, khanjar mdrnd: {chhurT, etc.), bhonknd, tr. (pierce with force).

Stable, astabal, m.; tawela, m. (for horses) : vide Stall: vide Strong.

-Staff, ^asd, m. (also = sceptre).

STA 148 STE

Stag, barah-singhd ,m.

; sambhar, m.

Stage, tnanzll, f .; pard.o, m. (prop, camping-ground) : istejy m. (in tlieatre).

Stagger, dagmagdndy intr. (to totter): lafkhafdnd^ intr. (stagger).

Stagnant, khafd pant.

Stain, ddjjij^, m. : dhabbd, in. ;* vide

'

Spot.

Stair, zina (also flight of steps); ek zina (one step): sifhi (prop, ladder).

Stake, vide Peg: ddnw or dd on^ m. (lagdnd).

Stale, bdst (left over from previous night) : tibdst (of two days).

Stalk, to, sdras chdl chalnd (of gait) .• dabe dabe jdnd (game) : vide Strut.

Stall, than, m.

Stallion, sdnd (horse, bull, donkey, for breeding) : nar-ghord (not castrated).

Stammer, hikldnd, intr.

Stammerer, hikld.

Stamp, pd,on pataknd, tr. (with feet in anger, etc.): muhr, f. {karnd or

lagdnd ;with a die) : Hkat, m.

Stampede, bhdgar, f.

Stand, to, khard k. or /t. ; qd,im k. or ^. ." datnd, intr. (stand one's ground).

Standard, jhandu, m. ; nishdn, m-; 'cdam, m.

Star, sitdra or ^am, m.

Starch, ^aZa^ or A^aZa/, f.

Stare, ghurnd, tr. : ^i^iA;* lagdkar (or bdndhkar) dekhnd (to gaze fixedly at).

Start, chaunk-parnd (move spasmodically) : rawdna hond (set out) ;chalnd

(also to walk, move, get in motion) ; sidhdrnd, intr.

Startle, chaunkd-dend ,tr.

Starvation, i bhukon (or bhukh se) marnd =/a<707i 5e marnd (to die of starva-

Starve, i tion).

State, kaifiyat, f. ; /^a/a^, pi. hdldt, f. ;' vide' Circumstance: Daulat^Riyd-

sat (a Native State).

Stately, 'dli shun (of buildings).

Statement, baydn, m. : izhdr, m., leg.

Statesman, mudabbir ; tadbtr-i mulk men mdhir.

Stay, thaharnd; rahnd : tiknd (tarry; vide 'Hindustani Stumbling-Blocks ') :

vide Wait.

4250 Steal, chort k. (need not have an object) : churdnd, tr. (always requires^an object) : khisak-jdnd = chori se chal^-jdnd.

Stealthily, chori se.

Steam, bhdp. f . : bukhdr, m. (also vapour, and fever).

Steamer, vide Ship.

Steel, fauldd, m.

Steep, khard (of hill) : is kl charhd,i bahut khart hai.

Steeple, vide Spire.

Stench, sardndh, f. (of carcases) : gandi bu :' vide

'

Smell.

Step, qadam, f. : vide Stair.

STE 149 STR

Sterile, vide Barren.

Stew, istu, m. Eng. [ing).

Stick, chharl (for walking, for beating boys; vide Cane) : lakri (for burn-

Stickey, chatchatd (of hands, things).

Stiff, akrd hu,d.

Stiffness, akar, f.

Stifle, sans hand k : vide Strangle.

Still, ahhl tak ; phir hhi : td ham, nevertheless.

Sting, dank, m. {mama).

Stingy, kanjus.

Stink, vide Stench.

Stipulation, shart, f.

Stir, vide Move, Agitate, Excite: bharkdnd, tr. (a fire): ghontnd, tr. (for

some time) :—se chaldnd (for a short time) : hal chal (as in a station) .

Stirrup, rikdb, f. (the iron) : duivdl, f. (the leather).

Stitch, tdnkd {dend or lagdnd) .

Stockade, [use a paraphrase].

Stocking, pdy-tdba, m. : jurrdh, f.

Stomach, pet, m., gen. : mi'da (the inside).

Stone, patthar, m. : pathrl (in bladder) : sangsdr k. (stone to death) ; satig-

tardsh (stone-cutter).

Stony, pathrild. [low).

Stool, mondhd, m. (of cane) : tipd,% (also a small table) : pirhd^ m. (very

Stoop, jhuknd, intr., and jhukdnd, tr. (to bend): jhukke phirnd (as of old

people).

Stop, roknd, tr., and ruknd, intr.; band k. (also to shut): bdz rakhnd

(prevent) : vide Abolish; waqfa or thahrd,o (halt).

Stores V ^^M*^'^/ khazdna.

Store-room, go-ddm, m.

Storey, manzil, f. (of house) : do-manzila, adj. (two-storied).

Storm, tufdn, m.;dndhi : jhakkar, f (a gust of wind or a squall) : jhonkd (a

gust of wind).

Story, kahdni ; qissa.

Stove, chulhd, m. (also a native cooking place of bricks, on the ground).

Straddle, pair phaildke chalnd.

Straight, sidhE (also simple) ;rdst (also true, straightforward).

Strain, kapar-chhdn k. (through cloth) : vide Sift, Sprain: kdnkhnd, intr. (at

stool).

Straits, mushkildt, f. {men parnd) or diqqaton men phasnd.

Strange, 'a;76 (wonderful); vide Singular: begdna (not belonging to the

house) ;vide Foreign.

Stranger, ajnabi (foreigner) : bdhar kd ddmi or begdna ddml (outsider) ;vide

Guest.

STR 160 SUB

Strangle, tentioa dabdnd (throttle by hand) : phdnsi dend (now also = to

hang) : gcUd ghontnd, gen.

Strap, tasma.

Stratagem, da,on ghdt, f. : vide Subterfuge.

Straw, pu ,dl or pydl, f .

Stray, bhataknd, intr. (lose the way) : gum-rdh k. and h. (relig.).

Stream, dhdrd, f. (volume of) : chashma (' vide'

Source) : Tiahr, f. (artificial

canal): nadl, (but in Hindi a river). [road).

Street, gait or kucha (a narrow side street or lane) : sa^ak, f . (a street or

Strength, zor, m. ; bal, m. ; tdqat, f.; quwwat, f.

Stretch, pasdrm or phaildnd^ tr. (out the hand) : tantid, intr. (a rope).

Strict, sakht.

Stride, phaldng, (f.) mdrkar chalnd.

4300 Strike, mdrnd: ' vide'

Beat: hartdl karnd (to refuse to work, of a number).

String, dori, gen. : sutll (of hemp).

Stringent, sakht; ia^kldl.

Strip, nangd karnd, tr.; kapre utdrnd, tr.

; dhajjl, subs, (of cloth;of land).

Stripe, dhdri (along the length of the body) ; gandd (across the body).

Strive, vide Effort.

Stroll, sair {k.) gen. : chihil qadaml (k.).

Strong, zordwar (of living things) : mazbut, gen. : tund (of wind) : tez or

karwd (of tea) : tez (of wine, medicine) : vide, Fortify, Powerful.

Struggle, Mthd-pd,l (k.) (a slight struggle) : vide Scuffle.

Strut, murgifi ki tarah sina phuldkar chalmi : vide Stalls.

Student, talib-i Him ' vide'

Pupil.

Studious, mihnatt, gen. (hard-working).

Stumble, —se thokar khdnd.

Stun, chakrd-jdnd, intr.; chakrd-dend, tr.

Stupid, bodd (dense) : vide Fool, etc.

Stupor, vide Insensible.

Sturdy, mastandd (spec, of beggars ;also lusty) : khingd (ditto).

Stutter, vide Stammer.

Stye, anjanl (on eyelid).

Subdue, mutl' k. and h. ; tdbi'-ddr banana : sar karnd: * vide'

Suppress^Conquer and Obedience. [Liable.

Subject, ra'iyat, f.; parjd f.

; mazmun, m. (contents of a letter, etc.) : vide

Subjection, tdbi'-ddrt.

Subjugation, vide Conquer and Subdue.

Submerge, dvho-dend ; tah-i ah k.

Submission, itd'at, f.;

' vide'

Obedience.

Subordinate, md taht ; zer-i hukm.

^h^^^^ t*' n I

^^^^^^^ {uthand and dend to raise and give—

).

SUB 161 SUP

Subside, baithnd (of lees, a building).

Subsist, guzran k. ; ha-sar k.

Substitute, 'iwazi: hadli,Yu\g.

Subterfuge, Jiila : vide Stratagem.

Subtract, minJm k. ; nikdlnd.

Suburb, hawali-e shahr.

Subversive, ulat-dene-wala.

Succeed, kamyab hona (be successful) ;also expressed by an intensive verb

with chhornd, or a Conj. Part, with rahnd {' vide'

P.'s Hindustani

Manual) : ja-nisliin h. (of kings, saints, governors).

Succumb, —ka shikar hond.

Suck, chusn^, tr., gen. (also to suck up): piind, tr, (suck up); dudh pind (of

infants).

Suckle, dudh pildnd.

Suckling, dudh pttd bachcha ; shir-khwdra.

Sudden, nd-gdhdn (of calamities) : vide Suddenly.

Suddenly, ndgdhdn (of calamities) : daf'at-an or yahd-yak, gen.

Sue, —par ndlish k.

Suffer, jhelnJd, tr.;uthdnd ; khainchnd (to undergo) : bar-dushi k. (put up

with, endure).

Suffering, dard, m.; dukh, m.

Sufficient, kdfi :* vide

'

Enough.

Sufficiently, jaisd chdhiye.

Suffocate, sdns rok-dend, tr.;sdns ruknd or dam band hond or dam ghutnd,

intr. : vide Strangle, Smother, Throttle, Hang.

Sugar, shakar, f. (good brown) : m. chmt (a common term) : qand, f. (loaf

sugar and also sugar-candy) : misri (sugar-candy) ; khdnd, f . (sandybrown sugar) : gur, m. (unrefined).

Suggestion, vide Hint, Say.

Suicide, khud-kusM {k.)

Suit, muqadamma (in law).

Suite, ld,o lashkar, m. (Ht. army and followers) : sawdrl (includes the big

man).

Sulk, munh phuldttd.

Sulphur, gandhak, f.

Sultriness, umas, f., or umsi hu,i garmi.

Summer, garmiyon kd mausim or garmt.

Summit, choti (also crest, etc.).

Summon, talab k.; buld-bhejnd :

' vide'

Call.

Summons, samman, m. , Eng , leg.

Sun, aftdh, m.; suraj m. : dhup, f. (sunshine) : suraj ufhte waqt (sunrise) :

suraj dubte waqt (sunset).

Sunstroke, In se marnd ; [lu is a hot wind).

Superintend, nigdh-bdm k. : dekh bhdl k. : nigrdm k.

SUP 152 SWE

Superstition, wahm, m. (also = silly fancy).

Supervise, vide Superintend.

Supine, chit, adj. : charoh shane chit, adv. (in wrestling, etc.).

Supplant, cKal se jagah lend.

Supple, muld,im.

Supply, pahuncMna, tr.; muhaiya k.

Support, thamrm, tr. (to hold, hold up) : khabargln k. (by money) : vide

Suffer : roil kapfd deiui (poor people) : rok, f. (prop., q.v.).

Suppose, farz {m.),k. : khiydl (m.), k, : qiyds k. (also to guess) ; qiyds, m.,also = analogy.

Suppress, dahdnd :'• vide

' Subdue and Stop.

Suppurate, paknd, intr.

Sure, yaqini.

Surety, vide Security.

Surface, satah f.

Surfeit, ser h. or k. (to eat to satisfaction) : ndkoh ndk bharke khdnd (to be

surfeited).

Surgeon, jarrdh.

Surpass, mat k. (of people or things ;lit. to checkmate) : kisi ke kdn kdtnd

(of bad people only).

Surprise, yahd-yak d-parrm ,mil. (to attack unawares) ; ta'ajjub m.

Surrender, hathydr ddl-dend : qita ko hawdle k. ; vide Give up, Yield,

Surreptitiously, chorl se.

Surround, chdron. taraf gher-lend : ihdta k.

Surveillance, nazar (f.), men rahnd (or rakhnd) (to be under—).

Survey, paimd.ish, (f.), k. (land ;lit. to measure) : vide Examine.

Suspect, —par shubha k. ;—par gumdn (m ), hond.

Suspend, vide Hang : mu'attal k. (from office).

Suspicious, shakkt ; bad-gumdn.

Sustain, vide Suffer.

Swagger, akarkar, or ainthkar, chalnd (as a sepoy) : vide Stalk, Strut.

Swallow, abdbil f.

Swamp, vide Marsli.

Swan, ghu or qu T. (rare) : rdj-hdns, m.

Swarm, dal, m. (of locusts) : jhund, m., gen. (of bees or anything)^

Swear, qasam (f.), khdnd, intr. and —khildnd, tr. (to administer an oath) :

qasam dend (to adjure) ; Qurdn uthdnd (to take an oath) : jo munhmen dye baknd (to curse and swear).

Sweat, paslnd (dnd) (of people or animals) : pasme men duhd hu,d (coveredwith sweat) : pasijnd, intr. (sweat slightly ;

also to ooze out; also of

moisture collecting on a vessel;and met. of people to become soft-

hearted, as main hazdr royd lekin wuh hargiz na-pasijd).

Sweep, —men jhdru derm (but— men jhdru phernd to make a clean sweepof).

SWE 153 TAK

Sweeper, mihtar or bhangl (the Lal-Begl Caste ;followers of Lai Beg) :

haldl hhor (Muslim) ;musalli (ditto, in the Punjab).

Sweet, mithd, adj., and mitha.i, subs. : hhush (pleasant) : pyara (lit-

lovable).

Sweetness, mithds, f ; shlrim.

Swell, phulnd, intr., gen. : sujnd, intr. (with inflammation).

Swelling, sujan, f., or waram, m.

Swerve, dignd, intr. (to lose one's foothold and hence in the Panjab to fall ;

met. to swerve from, waver in).

Swift, iez : tez-raftdr, or tez-qadam, or tez-rau.

Swim, tdirnd, intr. ; pairnd, intr.;

' vide'

Float.

Swimmer, pairdk.

Swing, jhulnd, intr., and jhuldnd, tr. : jhuld, m., subs, (also cradle).

Swivel, hhanwar-kall.

Swoon, vide Faint.

Swoop, vide Pounce.

Sword, talwdr, f. (curved) : kirlch, f. (straight)

scimetar) : vide Belt and Bandolier.

Sword-stick, guptt (from gupt H. *' secret ").

Sycophant, hh'iya bardar or khdya-mdl (vulg.)

Symmetrical, mutandsib.

Sympathy, hamdardl ; dard, m. (Ut. pain) : main tumhdre gham men (or kd)

shank hun (I sympathise with you) .

Symptom, 'aldmat, f .;

' vide'

Sign, etc.

Syntax, zabdn kd qd' ida.

Syphilis, dtashak, f.; garmi.

Syringe, pichkdri.

System, qd'ida, m.; usul, m.

;nizdm or intizdm, m.

shamsher, f. (corrup. into

[server.

vide Flatterer and Time-

Table, mez, f.

Tablecloth, dastar-khivdn, m.;mez kl chddar.

Tablet, lauh, m.; takhtt.

Taciturn, vide Silent.

Tacitly, khdmoshi mm razd(= silence gives consent).

Tack, birinji, subs. : kachchi sild,i k. (sew).

Tactics, chdl, f. (lit. movements) : hikmat, f. (device).

Tail, dum, f .; punch, f .

Tailor, darzt.

Tainted, bigar-chalnd (of meat) ;vide Hind. Man., p. 139 (2).

Take, lend: le-jdnd, intr. (take away; vide Carry) : vide Capture, Conquer.

20

TAL 154 TEA

Tale, vide Story.

Tale-bearing, chujfAli (kfidna) : jo kuchh suntd hai jd-kar lagd-detd hai (= he

carries tales).

Talisman, tilism, m.

Talk, guft o gu, f. {k.) ; bat chit, f. (k.): bdten {k.) : charchd, m. (commontalk, gossip of) : vide Converse.

Talkative, bdtoii kd dhani ; vide Loquacious.

Tall, lambd.

Tallow, vide Fat.

Talon, ndkhun, changuh, m. .* vide Paw and Claw.

Tamarind, imll.

Tamarisk, jhd,u, m. ; gaz, m.

Tambourine, tambura, m.

TsLTne, paid hu,d; hildhu,d; ma^nus ; gharelu (domestic, q.v.).

Tank, tdldb or tdld^o, m. ;* vide* Pond, Bath.

Tantalize, dahkdnd, tr.; tarsdnd, tr. (to make to long).

Tap, kal f . (also any machinery) .• bambd (post with tap for water;also a

pillar-box).

Tape, pta (also ribbon): mwdr, f. (for bedsteads).

Tapering, gd,o-dum.

Tar, alkatra.

Target, nishdna: iakhta (iron).

Tariff, nirkh m. ; nirkh-ndma.

Tarnish, ddg^ lag-jdnd, intr., lit. and met.

Tarpaulin, tirpal, m., Eng.

Tassel, phuhdnd, m. (small) : jhabbd, m. (large, as in a fez).

Taste, maza (flavour) : chakhnd, tr. : muhh jhutldnd (just to taste, not ta

eat) : vide Experience: saliqa (good taste, of people).

Tasteful, tabi'at-dEr or khush-mazdq (of people).

Tasteless, be-maza ; phlkd :

Tasty, maza-ddr.

Tattoo, godnd, tr., verb: tattU-tdp, subs., mil.

Tauntingly, ta'na se or ta'na mdrkar : tanz-an (sneeringly).

Taunt, ta'na, m. {mar rid or dend) : tanz, m. (sneer).

Taut, vide Tight.

Tax, mahml, m ; tekis, m., Eng. ; mdl-guzdri (land-tax).

Tea, chdye, f.

TesLch, sikhldnd ; ta'llm dend ; batdnd ; parhdnd.

Teacher, ustdd.

Teak, sdgwdn, m.

Tear, phdrnd, tr. (rend) ; purza k. (into pieces) : dnsu, m. (of eye ; gen. pi.).

Tearful, db-dtda.

TEA 155 THA

Tease, diqq k. (also to worry) : satdna, tr. (also to oppress).

Teat, tharif m. (udder) : chuchi (breast of woman) : hhatni (nipple).

Technical, istildhl.

Teeth, dEht, m., gen.

Telegraph, tdr hhejnd, or dend, or karnd.

Telescope, dur-bm f.

Temper, | mizdj, m.; tabl'at, f. : jauhar, m. (of steel ;

also = essence

Temperament, ) and good quality).

Temperate, muHadil (of climate) : i'tiddl se pUd (or khdtd) hai (of drinkingor eating).

Temple, mandar, m .* shiwdld, m. .

Temporary, chand-roza.

Tempt, lalchdnd, tr., gen.: wargkaldnnd, tr. (of Satan or the passions) :

dzmdyish (f.), k. (in Lord's prayer).

Tenaciously, chimaUkar.

Tenacious, sahht-jdn (—of life) . us kl gidar ki jdn hai = us kl hilli kl jdnhai (ditto).

Tenant, ra'iyat, f. (of a house or land; also subject): kirdya-ddr (spec, of

house).

Tender, narm: ' vide' Delicate, Affectionate.

Tendon, vide Sinew.

Tenet, 'aqlda, pi. 'aqd,id:' vide

'

Doctrine.

Tent, dera, m.; tambu, m.

; Jchema, m. : pdl, m. (small, tente d'abris; also

a sail).

Tentatively, imtihdn-an.

Tepid, shtr-garm (lit. milk-warm) or nim-garm: Hi-g'arm, Panj. (lit. well-

warm; water freshly drawn from the well has the chill off it).

Terrace, vide Platform : zina (ht. steps).

Terrible, bald kd ; ghazab kd ; khaufndk :* vide

'

Fearful and Horrible.

Terrier, sdhib log kd kuttd (fox-terrier).

Terrifying, daraund, adj.

Terror, d^thshat, f.

Terse, shusta (lit. washed).

Test, dzmd,ish, f. {karnd) ; imtihdn, m. {lend).

Testament, Injll, f. (New—): Tauret, f. (Old—): vide Will and Bequeath.

Testicle, Tchusya, m.; fota (prop, scrotum).

Testify, shahddat dend.

Testimonial, nek-ndml kl chitthl ; sdrtifikat, m., Eng.

Text, matan, m. : darsi kitdb (text-book).

Texture, bandwat, i.; sdkht, f.

Thank, shukr (m.) k. (God): shukriya add k. (of men).

Thanks, tasllm f .; 'indyat, f .

; dp kl mihrbdnl or nawdzish (for ordinary

things) : a saldm often expresses*' thanks."

THA 156 THR

Thankful, shukr-guzdr: vide Obliged.

Thatch, chhappar, m. (a thatched roof) : phus, m. (thatch).

Theft, chort.

Theory, rnasaHa (lit. point or question in dispute ;vide Fvohlem) : *ilmo

*amaly m. (theory and practice).

Thick, f^fha (of liquids) : gunjdn or ghand (dense, of jungle) : gadld {muddy,not clear) : thos (stupid ;

lit. solid) : moid (not thin) : gdfhi dostl

(thick friendship, intimacy) : dpas men shir o shakar hain (they are

very thick, intimate).

Thickness, gdrhd-pan : ghand-pdn ; motd,i.

Thickset, gathild (of men) : gaf (of cloth).

Thief, chor, gen. : chottd (pilferer) : uchakkd (street thief, shop-lifter) : jeb-katrd (pickpocket): hath-lapak (light-fingered).

Thigh, mn, f.; jdngh, f .

Thimble, angushtdna.

Thin, patld, gen.: mahin (fine): hdrlk (slender): ndzuk (delicate; not

strong) : dubld or IdgJiar lean : vide Slender and Fine.

Thing, chiz, f.; sha,e, f.

Think, sochnd, tr. or intr. (cogitate and ponder) : samajhnd, tr. or intr.

(fancy, beheve) : gAaur k. (think deeply on, deliberate) : bahut socho

thord bolo (think much, say little).

Thirst, pyds, f.

Thirsty, pydsd.

Thorn, kdntd, m. (also spur, fork; fish-bone, and met. an obstacle in the

way ;men rdh men Jcdhtd hai) .

Thorough-bred, asil : nasll (of good breed),

4500 Thought, flkr, f. (anxious thought and anxiety) : ghaur, m. (meditation ;

vide Think) ; khiydl, m. (imagination, opinion, conception).

Thoughtful, soch men: fikrmand (anxious) : vide Considerate.

Thoughtless, be-parwd (negligent).

Thread, tdgd, m.; gen. : sut, m. (not kachchd) : ek tdr, m. (a single thread).

Threat, dhamki {dend) : dardnd, tr. (frighten) : ghurki (d.) (accompaniedby angry looks).

Threshold, deorhi (of big people) : chaukhat, f. (gen.).

Throat, gald, m. (the whole throat) ; halaq, m. (the inside) nareil (wind-

pipe).

Throb, its mdrnd (to shoot, of a pain) : tap tap k. (to throb, of a wound).

Throne, tahht, m. ; gaddl (of Rajas).

Throttle, gald ghohtnd :' vide

'

Strangle.

Through, ek sire se dusre sire iak (from end to end) : tardzu ho-jdnd (to

pierce half through, after hitting the exact spot; of an arrow).

Throw, phenknd ; phenk-dend (to throw, and also to throw away) : iichhdlnd

(toss up) : vide Cast.

Thrush, mdld-gir (the Dusky Ground-thrush ?) : sum men ras utarnd (in a

horse's hoof).

THR 157 TOA

Thrust, ghuserna, tr.(—

in) : dhakel-dena (to push into) : khonchd mama(thrust, or point with anything and draw it back ; to poke at) ;

kisl

id rah (or ke kam) men khoncha marnd = to put a spoke in a person'swheel).

Thumb, angutha, m. (also big toe).

Thump, dhamaka, m. (also the noise of a thump, etc.)

Thunder, (bddal) garajnd or karaknd, intr. ; garaj, f., or karak^ f. : bijlt

(girnd) (lit. lightning, also = thunder-bolt).

Tick, kilni, f.

Ticket, fikat, m., Eng.Tickle ) — — - —

^. , -.*

V gudguddnd, tr.; gudgudi hond or lagnd, intr.

Tidy, sdf suthrd (in appearnce) : t;i(^e*Neat.

Tie, gala-band, m. (neck-tie) : band, m. (fastening) : vide Knot.

Tiff, shakar ranji (also a coolness between friends) : dpas men do do bdten

ho-ga,m.

Tiger, sher, m., P. ^ and sherni, f.; bdgh, m., H., and baghni, f.

Tight, kasd (tied tightly) : tang (also narrow, q.v.) : kihchd hu,d or tand hu,d(taut).

Tighten, kasnd, tr.

Tightly, kaskar (tr.) ; khmchkar (tr.).

Tile, khaprd, m. (for roofs).

Till, khett karnd :' vide

'

Plough.

Time, waqt, m. or samd, m., H., gen.: zamdna, P. (and samd, H.) (time,the ages) : zamdn o makdn (time and space) : vide Age, Opportunity,Leisure, Respite, Space.

Timely, waqt par, adv.;bar mxihall, adj. and adv.

Time-server, zamdna-sdz : vide Flatterer, Sycophant.

Timid, dar-pok (also cowardly).

Tin, qaf,a,i (for coating copper-vessels) : rdtig, m. (tin ?) : tm, m., Eng.

Tinsel, jhutd gotd kindri.

Tiny, nannhd.

Tip, vide Point, End.

Tiptoe, anguthon par = dabe pd,on.

Tire, thak-jdnd, intr., and thakdnd, tr. :— se uktan^d — —se jl bhar-jdnd (to

be sick or tired of," to be fed up with ").

Tired, thakd {hu,d) ; mdnda; thakd mdnda (very tired).

Tit for tat, adle kd badld.

Title, khitdb, m. (by Government) : laqab, m. (an inherited title or a self-

assumed title) : 'urj, m. (a pet name, or popular name): 'unwdn, m.

(heading).

Titter, munli dabd kar hansnd = khilkhildnd : vide Laugh.

Toast, senknd, tr. (also to foment, wet or dry) : tos {k.), m., Eng.

1 In India s/ier" tiger" and habar "Hon." In Persia «Mr «' lion

"&.nd habar

**tiger."

TOB 158 TOY

Tobacco, tambaku, m., gen.

Toe, 'pa.oh ki ungli : angutha (big-toe; also thumb).

Together, ek makdn men, ek-jagah, ek-jd (in the same place) : sab milkar

(unitedly) : mil-jul-kar (ditto with reciprocity) : ek hi waqt men (at thesame time).

Toilet-table, singdr mez.

Toilsome, takllf-dih (of work).

Token, 'aldm^t, f. :

* vide*

Sign.

Toll, mahsul, m.

Tomb, maqbara :' vide

*

Shrine and Grave.

Tongs, chimtd, m. or dast-pandh, m. or coll. daspana.

Tongue, jibhy f. : zabdn, f. (also language) : zabdn roke rahnd or sambhdle-rahnd (to hold the tongue).

To-night, dj rdt.

Tool, hathydr, m. (also arms) : auzdr, m. ; dla pi. dldt, m.

Tooth, vide Teeth : manjan, m, (tooth-powder) : miswdk, f. (stick for clean-

ing the teeth) ;vide Teeth.

Toothed, danddna-ddr. [tops).

Top, vide Summit, Head : kothe cha]rhke pukdrnd (proclaim from the house

Topsy-turvy, ulat pulat ; gar bar, darham barham.

Torch, mash'al, m.

Torment, 'azdb, m. (dend) : 'aqubat, f. {karnd).

Tortoise, kachhwd m. (or turtle).

Torture, vide Torment.

Toss, uchhdlnd, tr. (toss up) : vide Throw: charhd-jdnd (toss off a glass).

Total, kull jama' ,f. ; mizdn, f.

Totter, vide Shake.

Touch, chhund,\tY. : hath lagdnd* vide

'

Interfere : dil par asar hond = narmkarnd: chhui, f. (contact).

Touching, pur-asar.

Touchstone, kasautl, f. ; mahak, f .

Tough, sakht or kafd (hard) : chimrd (flexible but tough ;as cold chapdtl,

a bank-note; of man thin and strong ; grips well;in latter case also

chimrl haddt kd).

Tour, daura (circuit, q.v.) : siyahat, f. k. (travel for pleasure = sair o safar,

m. {L).

Tout, dalldl.

Tow, vide Hemp.

Towel, tauliyd, m., Eng.

Tower, burj, m. (also bastion) ; mlndr, m. (column, also minaret) : Idt, f.

(column).

Town, qasba: shahr, m.

Town-talk, charchd, m.;

' vide' Rumour.

Toy, khilondy m.

TRA 159 ^RE

Traceable, "pata nahm lagta (not traceable).

Trace, ipatd, m. ; nishdn, m.; khoj m., (track, foot-print): suragih, m.

Track, ) (clue).

Trade, tijarat, f.

Tradition, kadis, f. (of Prophet) : riwdyat, f., gen.

Traffic, dmad o raft, f.

Train, ta'lim (f.) dend ; sadhdnd, tr.; nikdlnd, tr. (break in horses) : hd,oll

(a bagged bird or hare, etc., given to a hawk or dog as a '

train ') :

rel-gdn (ry.).

Trait, khususiyat, f.

Traitor, ghadddr, f : watan-dushman (—to his country).

Trample, raundhnd, tr. (to trample and go on) : khundalnd, tr. (to trampleand keep stamping on) : pd,e-mdl k., gen.

Trance, saktd, m.

Transaction, mu'dmala: kdr o bar, m. (pi.).

Transfer, badlt karnd.

Transfix, wdr pdr karnd.

Transform, shakl hadal-dend : hand-dend.

Transient, rm-pdyeddr ; be-sabdt; chand-roza: fdn% (perishable; opp. to

bdqi).

Translate, ) tarjuma k. (but tarjumdni k. to interpret) : lafzi tarjumaTranslation, ^ (literal translation).

Transmigration, tandsukh, m. (—of souls).

Transparent, shaffdf.

Transport, khachchar khdna (mule) : bdrbarddrl ke jdnwar.

Transportation, kdld pdni: \wuh kald pdni bhejd-gayd].

Trap, vide Snare and Gin.

Trap-door, chor-darwdza (any secret door).

Trash, juzul cUz,

Travail, janne kd dard.

Travel, safar (m.), k. : sair (f .), osafar k. (for pleasure) ; siydhat (f.), k. (ditto).

Traveller, musdfir : rdhl (one on the road).

Traverse, manzil, f. (or safar) (m.) lay karnd.

Ivsly, kishtl : khivdn, m. (big) : khwdncha, m.

Treacherous, gtkadddr (traitor) ; be-wdfd (faithless) : be-lmdn :* vide

'

Trea-

son.

Treachery, vide Treason.

Treacle, trikal, m., Eng.

Xfead, —par pd,on rakhnd (tread on) ; qadam dharnd :' vide

'

Trample.

Treason, ghadddri.

Treasure,\khazdna (also revenue and treasury) : ganj, m. (a pile) : daflna

Treasury, ) (treasure trove, or buried treasure).

Treasurer, khazdnchi : bakhshi (pay-master).

TRE 160 TRU

Treat, i kisi se {mihrbani he aalh, etc.) pesh ana; kisi se {achchhdf etc.)

Treatment, \ svluk k. or bartd,o k. : mu'dmala rakhnd (treat with) : marzor nmrtz ka 'ildj k. (of disease; vide Cure, Heal).

Treaty, *ahd o paimdn (m.), k. {kisl ke sdih): sulh-ndma (of peace).

Trellis, jdlt.

Tree, per, m.; darakht, m. .* ztn ki kdtM (saddle-tree).

Tremble, vide Siiiver.

Trial, pesht, leg. : vide Examine, Test.

Triangular, ii-konyd.

Tribe, qaum, f. : khel, m.

Trick, dhokd, m. (deception, etc., q.v.) : htla (artifice, stratagem).

Trickle, to, bah-chalnd.

Trident, triaul^ m.

Trifle, chhoti chiz.

Trifling, zara sd ; kuchh bhi nahln.

Trigger, lablahi.

Trim, to, chhdntnd, tr.; tardshnd, tr. :

* vide' Clip.

Trinity, tasUs, f .

Trip, thokar khdnd :* vide

* Stumble : dd^on or peek k. and langl mama(in wrestling).

Triumph, fatah ki khushl k. : fit kd naqqdra bajwdnd.

Trivial, vide Trifling.

Trooper, saimr.

Trope, majdz, m. (rhet.).

Trot, dulki chalnd : kutte-chdl chalnd.

Trouble, vide. Misfortune: takUf, t, gen.: dukh, m. (great trouble):

diqqat, i. (worry); durd-i sar, m. (lit. headache): koshish, f. (effort):

mihnat, f. (labour, trouble).

Troublesome, taklif-dih (of things) : takltf detd hai (of living things).

Trough, vide Watering trough.

Trousers, patlun,i. (Eng. pattern) : pd,e-jdma, m. gen. (also loose drawers).

Truant, bhagord, sub. and adj.

True, sack (of statements) : sachchd (of persons, things ;and of statements

emphatic, as sachchl bdt to yih hai ki—) : bat kd sachchd (true to his

word): vide Exact, Faithful: asli (genuine; also sachchJd) : pakkd(regular, real; pakkd thag a regular swindler; pakke sahib (a real

Enghsh gentleman).

Trumpet, trum or trump, m., Eng., mil. : chihghdrnd, intr. (of elephants;vide Yell).

Trunk, tana, m. (of tree) : dhar, m> (of animals, men) : sund, m. (of

elephant) : vide Box.

Trust, vide Confide, Credit.

Trustworthy, mu'tabar, gen. : qdbil-i i'tibdr.

Truth, ) haqiqat, f. (reahty) : sachd,l (truthfulness ; veracity) : sack much

Truthful, f (really, a fact; opp. to jhuth muih).

TRY 161 TYR

Try, vide Test, Touchstone, Experience: koshish (f.), k. : cMhnd precededby uninflected infinitive; ('vide' Hindustani Manual): 'vide'

Attempt, Effort: pahanke dekhnd (try on clothes) : yih dnkhon kd iel

nikdltd hai (this tries the eyes).

Tube, nal, f.

Tuft, vide Crest.

Tug of War, rassd khainchnd : khainchd khaincht (tugging opposite ways).

Tumbler, lotanyd, or lotan kabutar, m. (ground tumbler) : girih-hdz, m..;

adj. (pigeon) : gilds, m. (for drinking).

Tumour, gilti (bubo) : rasauli (tumour ;also applied to capped elbow, etc.

in horses).

Tumult, hullar, m. or hangdma : sJiorish, f. (agitation) : halchal, f. gen.

(excitement) : khalbalt (stir, commotion)) : halwa (any rising).

Turban, pagfi or dastdr, i. gen. : 'ammdma (spec, for Muslims).

Turbulent, fasddi :* vide

'

Rebellion.

Turk, Turk.

Turkey, peru, m. (the bird) : Rum, m. (the country, but by the Arabs this

name was given to the Byzantian Empire and by the Turks it is givento Greece).

Turmeric, haldi.

Turn, fean, f.; naubat, f.

Turn, phirnd, intr., and phirdnd or phernd, tr., gen. : ghumnd, intr., and

ghumdnd, tr. (revolve, turn round); chakkar d. : 'vide' Deviate:

Jchardt k. (in a lathe) : ulat-dend (turn down) : pher-dend, tr. (turn aside

and also to give back and turn back) : vide Expel : nikalnd, intr. (turn

out, prove) : pith phernd, tr. (turn the back on) : us kd sir phir-gayd

(his head is turned = dimdgh chal-gayd) : ghumte-jdnd (turn round and

round, vide Spin).

Turnip, shalgham, m.

Turnscrew, pech-kash, m.

Turpentine, tdrpUn, m. 4650Turquoise, firoza^ m.

Turtle, kachhwd, m. (also tortoise).

Twaddle, wuh bak-rahd.

Tweezers, mochnd, m.

Twilight, munh andhere kd waqt (spec, of morning) : shafaq, f. (the red-

ness in the sky at sun-up or sun-down).

^^!'

\tau,dm bachche ; jorwdn.

Twine, lipatnd, intr.

Twinkle, jhalmaldnd, intr. (of stars or a distant hght).

Twist, marornd tr.

Tyranny, zulm, m.; sitam, m. ; jabr, m. (violence, and sometimes tyranny).

Tyrant, zdlim.

21

UDD 162 UND

uUdder, than, m. (of cows, goats, sheep, camels, mares, etc.).

Ugly, bad-surat or had-shakl, gen. : bhondd (hideous).

Ultimate, dkhiri :* vide

'

Lastly.

Umbrage, hura manna (to take umbrage).

Umbrella, chhatrt or chhdtd ; (in Lucknow the latter word is not used as it

has the appearance of being the masculine of chhdti " breast ").

Umpire, salts ^ At. (lit.** third ") : munsif.

Unalterable, atoZ, fig., of abstract things (lit. immovable, of concrete

things) : jis men tabdil nahin ho-sakil.

Unanimous, yak-zahdn.

Unanimity, ittifdq, m.

Unanswerable, Id-jawdh (also = peerless).

Unarmed, khdli hath (also = without money) : nihattd : be hathydr (withoutarms).

Unavoidable, ld-budd% :• vide

'

Inevitable.

Unaware, Id-'ilm ; be-khabar (also = negligent).

Unbiased, be-gltaraz (without self-interest) : vide Impartial.

Unblemished, be-^aib ; be-ddgA.

Unburden, dil ko halkd k. (the mind).

Unceremonious, be-takalluf.

Uncharitable, bad-gumdn (of thoughts, speeches, as bad-gumdni ki bat)-

Uncivil, bad-Tchulq (of people) : hhushk (of people or answers) : bad-khulqikl harakat

(—

action) : nd-muld,im (of words).

Uncivilized, wahshi (lit. wild, of animals, etc.) ; jangll (ditto) : gjiairmuhazzab (also = very rude, ill-mannered).

Uncle, chachd (paternal) : mamun (maternal).

Unclean, muild (dirty, of concrete things) : gand^ (foul, filthy, of concreteor a.bstract things) ; gJifiliz (ditto, of concrete things ; also vulg. subs.= guh) : nd'pdk (spec, religious, but also secular) and paUd (secular)

(of concrete or abstract things) : malichh (by Hindus of non-Hindus ;

properly one that does not know Sanskrit).

Uncomfortable, takllf-dih (of chair, ekka, etc.).

Uncommon, kam^ydb (= nadir) : anokhd (singular, peculiar) : nirdld

(singular, unique).

Uncompleted, nd-tamdm ; adhurd.

Uncouth, be-dhangd (in manners, etc., of men or animals;but be-dhangt

shakl of uncouth appearance) : bhaddd (awkward to look at andunactive).

Uncover, kholnd, tr., gen. : parda, etc. uthdna.

Uncultivated ghair-dbdd : bin-juid.

Undecided, tay nahtn huyi (not settled) : vide vacillate.

Undeniably, Id-kaldm.

UND 163 UNI

Under, vide Below, Less.

Undergo, vide Suffer.

Understand, samajhna, intr. ; samjhan^, tr. (to explain ;to console ; to

remonstrate with) : vide Comprehend.

Undertake, ihhtiyar k. :—ka zimma Una or —ko zimme [men] lena : blfduthdnd (for great undertakings) : apne upar lend.

Undertaking, muhimm, f. (also expedition).

Undisciplined, ghair ta'lim ydjta (also uninstructed, uneducated).

Undo, kiyd kardyd bar bdd k. (or miiti men mildnd) : vide Destroy.

Undress, kapre utdrnd, tr. and caus. (but —utarwdnd to order a third

person to —,or a second person to —).

Undutiful, kuput, adj. (of children) : nd-Malaf (of children or pupils).

Undying, amar (of concrete things).

Uneasiness, be-chaini (also restlessness of children): &e-gamr^ (ditto) :

be-kali ; be-tdbl (of mind) : [be-drdml, restlessness;not uneasiness^].

Uneducated, ghair ta'llm-ydfia : an-parh ; mmrni (illiterate).

Unequal, chTioljd bard :' vide

'

Irregular.

Uneven, nd-hamwdr : uncha nlchd :' vide

'

Rough.

Unexampled, be-nazir (without precedent) : Id-sdni (without a second) :

be-misdl (without example) : Id-jawdb : vide Unique.

Unfaithful, be-wafd, gen. (of lover, or husband).

Unfashionable, waz'-ddr n^hin (of people or clothes).

Unfavourable, nd-muwdfiq (of weather, climate) : kisl ke khilaf riport k.

(of an unfavourable report).

Unfit,—ke nd-qdbil: [nd-ld,iq, adj., an unworthy].

Unfitness, nd-qdbiliyat, f. (inefficiency).

Unfortunate, bad-naslb ; bad-qismat ; bad-bakht [hut kam-bakht "wretched,"in abuse].

Unfortunately, meri bad-qismati se— .• afsos ki— .

Unfounded, be-bunydd; be-asl.

Unfruitful, iisar (barren of land) : banjar, (uncultivated, jangli of land) :

be-phal (barren, of trees).

Unfurnished, b^sdz o sdmdm, gen. [deeds).

Ungenerous, be-himmat (in money matters) : pasUhimmat (in thoughts or

Ungentlemanly, bhaUmansdhat (or shardfat) ke khildf.

Ungovernable, —jo uske qdbu men nahlh : be-lagdm.

Ungrateful, nd-shukrd.

Ungrudgingly, be-daregh; dil se, or khule dil se.

Unguarded, be-hifdzat: be-ihtlydti kd (incautious).

Unhappy, nd-shdd (not gladsome) : vide Grief.

Uniform, wardl, mil. : vide Livery.

Uninhabited, ghair-dbdd or be^dbad (of places ;also uncultivated) : khalt (of

houses).

Uninteresting, be-lutf (of books) ; dil-chasp nahin : iskd mazmun phlkd hai.

UNI 16 1 UNS

Uninvited, he-htUaya.

Unique, yakta : nirdld :* vide

*

Unexampled.

Universe, kd,indt,i. (all that is; also contemptuously or depreciatinglyall that one possesses).

Unjust, be-insdf (of people) ; he-irndfl of things) ; nd-haqq, adv.

Unkind, nd-mihrbdn ; nd-mihrbdnt,subs.

Unknowable, {Khvdd ki zdt) samajh se bdhir hai.

Unlawful, hardm (prohibited by religion ; illegitimate) : khildf-i shar'

(contrary to Muslim law) : khildf-i qdnun (contrary to secular law).

Unlimited, be-hadd :

* vide'

Endless.

Unload, bojh utdrnd, tr.

Unlucky, bad-nasib, etc., vide Unfortunate.

Unmarried, be-biydhd ; kunwdrd ;' vide

'

Bachelor.

Unmentionable, —jo baydn karne ke ld,iq nahin.

Unmercifully, be'rahml se ; be-dardi se.

Utmiindful, ghdfll ; be-khabar : —par khiydl tia-karke.

Unnecessary, ghair-zaruri .

Unoccupied, khdll (of houses) : be-kdr (out of work).

Unopposed, be rok-tok (also unchallenged).

Unorthodox, bad-i'iiqdd, or sust-i'tiqdd.

Unperceived, ankhen backdkar (= purposely avoiding).

Unpolished, angarh (of metals, words, people).

Unpopular, ko,i is se khush nahin ; sab is ki shikdyat karte hain

Unravel, sulajhnd, intr., suljhdnd, tr. : udhernd, tr. (undo stitches;

also

met. to disclose the defects of persons or things).

Unreasonable, nd-ma'qul :' vide

'

Improper.

Unreliable, ghair—

(or nd— )—mu'tabar,

4760 Unripe, kachchd.

Unruly, sar-kash, gen. (disobedient) : munh-zor (hard-mouthed, of horsesand met. of children and servants) : shor-pusht, gen.

Unsafe, be-aman (of a country) : khatar-ndk (of roads; of a bridge, etc.).

Unsatisfactory, dil-khwdh nahin.

Unseasonable, be-waqt kd (of weather).

Unseemly, nd-shdyista.

Unselfish, us ko apni zdi ki parwd nahin (by nature) : be-gharaz (on a

particular matter).

Unsheltered, ko^i pandh ki jagah nahin hai.

Unsightly, bad-numd.

Unskilful, andri : ustdd ndhin.

Unsociable, milansdr nahin.

Unsound, 'aib-ddr .

' vide'

Defective.

Unsuccessful, nd-kdm (also disappointed) : nd-murdd (ditto).

UNT 165 VAC

Untidy, he-saliqa (in habits, not in dress; also = without good taste).

Untimely, be-waqt.

Unusual, cfhair-ma' 7nuli :' vide

'

Rare.

Unventilated, charon taraf se hand : is men hawd kd rdsta nahih : hawd-ddrnahin (not airy).

Unwarlike, in men jang kd mddda nahin»

Unwelcome, bdr-i hhdtir (of a guest) : nd-gawdr.

Unwieldy, laddar (too heavy).

Upbraid, la'nat maldmat k. :

* vide'

Blame, Reprimand.

Uphold, vide Maintain^ Support.

Upright, vide Perpendicular, Honest,

Uproot, jar se ukhdrnd (or ukhernd) ,tr.

Upset, gird-dend :' vide

'

Spill.

Upside-down, ulatnd, intr. (and tr.), and ulat-jdnd, intr. (gen. to quite or

nearly turn):: aundhdnd (to place on the face).

Upstart, kal kd hanyd dj seth : naudaulat (' nouveau riche ') : nayd rdjd :

nayd raj dhah dhah bdj (a new kingdom and beat of drum, i.e., an

upstart shows off) : chuchundar ke sir men chamell kd tel = beggar onhorseback.

Urge, uksdnd, tr. (to goad) : vide Incite : taqdza k. (to dun) ;and diqq k. or

tang k. (to press) : dharnd dend (to sit obstinately at a doorstep).

Urgent, zaruri : tdktdl (of a letter).

Urine, peshdb, m. : mut, m. (vulg. piss) : istinjd k. (to make — ; polite).

Usage, vide Treatment and Custom.

Use, to, kdm men Idnd ; isti'mdl k. :' vide

'

Spend, Accustom ; khapdnd(use up, consume ; apne ko khapdnd, to wear oneself out; also annihi-

late;

is katran ko kahdn khapd,un, how can I use up this remnant ?

is nd'ld,iq larke ko kahdn khapd,un, where can I find a place for, getrid of, this useless boy i).

Useful, fa^ida-mand ; kdm kd.

Useless, be-kdr (also = without employment) : nikammd ; be-masraf.

Usual, vide Custom, etc., and Ordinary.

Usually, aksar, adv. (but as adj. = most).

Usurer, sud-khor or biydj-khor (in a bad sense).

TT .•[ ghasab, m. {k.) ; dabd-baithnd.

Utmost, maqdur bhar.

Utterly, bi-'l-kull :' vide

'

Complete.

Uxorious, zan-murid (' vide'

Henpecked).

VVacant i

Vacate' to i

^^^^ Empty, Unoccupied, Desolate, etc.

Vacation, ta'til, f. (holiday) : chhutti (also leave off).

VAC 166 VEN

Vaccinate, tikd dend or lagdnd ; [tlkd lit. is the sect-mark on the foreheadof Hindus].

Vacillate, dhuk chuk k. :' vide

'

Hesitate.

Vagabond, l^na ba-dosh (not used in a bad sense) ; dwdra, adj. and adv.

(in bad sense).

Vain, I kisi chiz par gharra karnd (to plume oneself on) : be-kdr, Id-hdsily

Vainly, / be-fd,ida (fruitlessly) : muft (without return; also gratis).

4800 Valet, berd or bahrd or baird, Eng. (?).

Valid, kdm d-saknd or chal-saknd (of return ticket).

Valley, ivddl, f. (a broad valley ;also the country on the bank of a river) :

darra or ghdti (a defile, a narrow valley or pass).

Valuable, besh-qlmat (or costly) : qtmati (costly).

Value, dam lagdnd (fix the price, or estimate the price of) : 'aziz rakhnd or—ki qadr karnd (to hold dear or in respect).

Valueless, be-qtmat (but be-bahd priceless) : do kauri kd.

Vanish, ghd^ib ho-jdnd : kdfur ho-jdnd (disappear, or run away) : jdtd-rahnd

(also to be lost).

Vanities, muzakhrafdt. ,f .

Vanquish, Id-jawdb k. (in argument) : vide Conquer.

Vapours, bukhdrdt^ m,, pi. (in sing. = fever).

Variation, kami besht or ghat-barh, f .

Variety, qism, f., (kind, q.v.).

Various, qism qism kd (of different kinds) : mukhtalif (conflicting, diverse).

Varnish, bdrnish, f. (k.) ; raughan phernd.

Vast, Inqq o daqq maiddn (or jangal) (vast plain, forest, etc.) : vide Count-

less, etc.

Vault, vide Dome, Cellar.

Vaulted, gumbaz-ddr.

Veer, rukh badalnd, tr. (also of Time).

Vegetable, sdg pdt, m. (for table) : saftz* (anything green ; verdure; also

uncooked edible vegetables) : tarkdrl (cooked vegetables ;also vulgarly

relish and hence meat).

Vehemently, shiddat se : zor se.

Vehicle, sawdrl, gen. (any conveyance, wheeled or otherwise, horse, camel,

etc., etc. ;also a fare, the person; and hence wife; also money for

fare ; also riding).

Veil, burqa'a, m (Muslim, over whole body) : niqdb, m. or f. (ddlnd) (over

face) : parda (covering, curtain).

Vein, rag, f. (or artery).

Vellum, charml kdghaz, m.

Velvet, m., makhmal, m.

Venerate, pdk jdnnd.

Venetian, jhilmili (blind or shutter ;from jhilmil k., to flicker).

Vengeance, vide Revenge .

VEN 167 VIC

Venomous, zahrtld.

Ventilate, hawa-ddr banana (of construction ;otherwise darwdza, etc.

kholnd).

Venture, qismat-dzmd,i k. (to try one's luck) : he soche samjhe, adv. (at a

venture) : sirf ummed par jokhon [men] parnd or ddlnd :* vide

'

Hazard.

Venturesome, dil-chald (adventurous).

Veracity, sachchd,t.

Verandah, bardmada (on any floor) : sdya-bdn, m. (also a shed;

also an

awning).

Verb, fi'l, m.

Verbal, zabdm (oral).

Verbatim, lafz ba-lafz.

Verdant, hard hard (note that the repetition gives the idea of'

pleasantly

green'

; vide Supplement' '

Stumbling-Blocks"

).

Verdigris, zangdr, m. (also sulphate of copper).

Verdure, harydwal ^ f.;

sar-sabzl.

Verge, vide Edge, Brink : main karne hi ko thd ki—l was on the verge of

doing it when— .

Verification, ] . ,. ^ ,, .

Verify, ']tasd%q.^'(^.).

Versatile, har fann mauld.

Verse, dyat, f. (of Quran or Injil) : bait, f. (or a couplet) : shi'r, m. (a

couplet, and also poetry).

Versed, bahut kuchh dahhl rakhnd : mdhir (expert in).

Very, bahut hi : intihd darje kd, or nihdyat (extremely) : thlk usi waqt (at

that very moment) : in colours expressed by a Hindi and a Persian

synonym, as kdld-siydh very black, ujld-safedr, Idlsurkh, pild-zard; andhard-sabz (rare).

Vessel, bartan, m., or bdsan, m., gen. term (utensil).

Vest, sadri (without sleeves) : nima (with half-sleeves) : wdskat, f. (waist-

coat).

Vestige, pata (trace).

Vex, ranj dend : khafd k. (to annoy) :

' vide'

Annoy and Tease. 4860

Vexatious, bakherd, m., any vexatious business, a difficulty, hitch : bakherdk. to dispute the price of, or make a fuss about.

Viaduct, pul, m. (no special word).

Vibrate, tharthardnd (also to shiver;but tharrdnd to tremble from fear ^).

Vice, badi ; burl sifat : shikanja (a book-binder's press ;hence shikanje

men kasnd to torture, lit. and met.).

Viceroy, Bare Ldt Sdhib ; Vdysrde.

Vicinity, qurb o jaiodr, m.

i But haryal, m., the green pigeon.2 But kafipria, gen., to shiver or to tremble.

VIC 168 VOC

Vicious, kaitar (lit. biting) : badrzat : muzi (injurious).

Victim, qurhanl (in sacrifice) : shikar, m. (as a victim to cannibals, plague,

etc.) : jhafap men and or pafnd (to fall a victim to wrath).

Victory, fath, f. (k.) : jil, f. : vide Conquer.

View, naz^ra (of scenery).

Vigil, rat-jagd, m. {k.).

Vigilance, chaukasi ; hoshydrl.

Vigour, quwimt, f. or zor, m. (also = power, etc.).

Vigorous, qawl ; tdqat-ioar.

Vile, qablh.

Village, gdyOn, m. or mauza',m. (small; spec, zammduri village) : bastt

(large or small).

Villager, gd,on-wdld : ganwdr (also a boor) : dihdtt (country-man).

Vindicate, qdyim rakhnd (maintain).

Vine, angur ki hel.

Vinegar, sirka.

Vineyard, angur kd hagh.

Violate, vide Injure, Break : ndmus khardb k. (women).

Violence, zabardasti (force): jabr, m. (also tyranny, q.v.) : tund^ or zor (of

storm).

Violent, jdbirdna (of acts): sakht, tez, shadtd (severe ;of storm, rage) : zor

kd (storm) : bald kd or gnkazab kd(= the devil of a—

;used of good

things as well as bad).

Violet, banafsha, m.

Violin, sdrangi and beld (different patterns).

y.^i"! { kunwdri (virgin) : kunwdr-pan (virginity).

Virile, jawdn-mard (also manly, brave, generous, etc.).

Virility, mardi = quwwat-i bah.

Virtue, neki ; 'umda sifat.

Virtuous, pdk-ddman (spec, for women) : pdrsd, gen. (of men or women) :

'ismat-ddr (chaste ;of women).

Viscid, laslasd (like Idsd or bird-lime).

Visible, to be, dikhd,l dend, or nazar dnd.

Visit, to,—se milne ko (or muldqdt ko) jdnd (people) : dekhnd (places) :

darshan (m.), k. (used by Hindus for visits to idols, or to holy places,or to great persons).

Visitor, muldqdti (caller).

Vital, ndzuk jagah (lit. delicate spot ;no word for vital).

Vivacious, zinda-dil.

Viva voce, zabdnt, adj. and adv.; taqrlrif adj.

Vivid, shokh (of colours; lit. saucy).

Vocabulary, farhang, f.

VOC 169 WAI

Vociferous, g]iaugha,i, adj. (also as subs, the Large Grey Babbler).

Voice, awaz, f. (dend) (also sound) : us ne ghazah kd gala payd hai (she hasa.n exquisite voice).

Void, bdtil {nuW and void) : vide Empty.

Volatile, ur-jdne-wdld.

Volcano, jwdld-mukhl, f.

Volley, bark, f. : salak, f., vulg. for shalq, f., T.; {skilkt kdrtush = blank

cartridge).

Voluble, tarrdr (also glib).

Volume, jild, f. (also cover of a book).

Voluntarily, khushi-dil se : dp se, or hhud ha-khud (of its own accord) : apnimarzi se :

' vide'

Purposely.

Volunteer, vdlantiyar, Eng. 4Q00Vomit, qay karnd : radd karnd (lit. to return, refute) : ugalnd, tr. (to bring

up from the stomach purposely; as pigeons, cows, etc. ; also = to

spit out).

Voracioner, kdl kd tutd, adj. : tan-kar khdnd (to eat till the stomachstretches): charhd-jdnd (spec, of over-drinking wine; "to putaway

'

') : gidh ki tarah khdnd :' vide

'

Gobble.

Vote, to, rde (f.) dead : vot (m.) dend.

Votive, bhent, m. (offerings to idols that go to the priests) : pujd, f . (flowersor leaves offered to idols) : nazr o niydz, f . (offerings at Muslim shrines).

Vow, mannit, f. {mdnnd) or nazr, f. (mdnnd) (to make a vow) :—

pitrd k.

(fulfil a vow) :—nibdhnd, tr. (maintain a vow).

Voyage, samundar, m. (or daryd) kd safar : daryd kd sair o safar (f.) k. (of

pleasure voyages).

Vulgar, bdzdri log (vulgar people) : gahwdru (of words) : be-tamizi kd (of

actions).

Vulgarity, ganwdr-pan (vulgar actions).

Vulture, gidh, m.

Vulva, furj, f. (for farj) : chut, f . (obscene word) : faldn, f. (a contemptuousterm).

WWabble, to, dagmag k. (also of drunken people, old people, and fig. of

opinions as wuh dagmag karid hai, or uski rd,e dagmag karti hai).

Wade, —men helnd :' vide

'

Ford.

Wafer, iunkl, f., or pdpar, m. (the thin crisp wafer eaten with curry ;•'

pompadom ") : [pdpar kd sd = brittle, q.v.].

Waft, urd-ldnd or urd-lejdnd.

Wager, bdzl lagdnd, tr. : shart lagdnd or bdndhnd, tr.

Wages, talab, i. (in Urdu monthly wages): tanhhwdh, f. (ditto): mazduri(of daily hire) : ujrat, f . (remuneration).

Waggon, gdri, gen. (also carriage, etc.) : mdl-gdrl (goods' van).

Wail, wdwayld karnd,

22

WAI 170 WAR

Waist, kamar, f. (also the loins).

Waist-band, kamar-band, m. (outside) : izar-band, ra. (for drawers; umh

'aural izar-band k% dhili hai - she's of easy virtue).

Waistcoat, vide Vest.

Wait, thahamd\ intr. : sabr k., tr. (lit. to have patience) :—ki rah dekhnd

(to wait for, expect = —kd intizfiir karnd or khlhchnd :' vide

'

Delayand Ambuscade : khidmatgdri k. (at table).

Waiter, khidmafgdr.

Wake, ').jdgnd, intr. (to be awake or to wake up) and jagdnd, tr. : so-kar

Waken, J uthnd (to get up) : beddr rahnd : rat-jagd k. (to keep awake on

purpose ; originally as a vow) : rdt dnkhon men kdtnd (to lie awakeall night: uthdnd or jagdnd (to rouse) : vide Arouse, Revive.

Walk, chalnd : phirnd : tahalnd (to walk to and fro;also to go for a short

walk = chihil-qadaml k. : qadam qadam jdnd (walk as opposed to afaster pace) : vide Go.

Walking-stick, chharl :' vide

'

Stick and Club.

Wall, diivdr, f. : fa^il, f. (of town or fort) : qandt, f. (of tent) : diivdr se

ghernd, verb : chdr-diwdrt, f. (enclosure-wall).

Wall-eye, sulaimdni-ankh (from sulaimdnt onyx) : tjdqi, adj. (of horse,etc.

; from ^q odd, not even).

Wallow, kicJiar men lotnd.

Walnut, akhrot, m.

Wamble, merd ji matldtd hai = mujhi mntli dtl hai " I have a feeling ofnausea."

Wander, warn mdrd phirnd, or khdk chhdntd phirnd (in distress or uselessly) :

zamin ndpnd, tr. (ditto) : awdra phirnd (without purpose or for a bad

purpose) : ghumtd phirnd (of a traveller).

Wandedng, i—^^ ba-dosh (of gypsies, etc.).

Wane, ghatnd, v. (decrease) : chdnd kd ghatd,o, subs.

Want, vide Lack, Need, Wish, Ask.

Wanton, vide Sportive, Playful.

War, jang, f. and lard,l, f. (also = battle): jihdd, m. (Muslim holy war) :

khdna-jangt (civil war;also a family or tribal quarrel) : sipdh-garl ka

fann (the art of war).

Warble, rez k. (of birds) ; chahchahdnd, intr. (to sing out loud, of songsters).

Wardrobe, kapfon ki almdri.

Warehouse, mdUkhdna or mdl-guddm, m. : kotht.

Warm, garm (also hot) : tattd (very hot) : garml and tattd-pan, subs. ;vide

Heat.

Warn, vide Inform, Caution and Order.

Warp, ainth-jdnd, intr. ,vide Extort : bal or kham d-jdna.

Warrant, wdrant, m. (for arrest) : vide Authority.

1 For meanings of, and differences between, thaharrid and tikna ' vide ' *' Hindu-stani Stumbling-Blocks."

WAR 171 WAY

Wart, massa or masa, m.,

Wary, chaukas ; hoshyar.

Wash, dhondf tr., gen. : sdf k. (cleanse) : vide Bathe and Ablution : dhuld,l,

subs, (the act, also money for washing).

Washerman, )dhobt, m., and dhobin, f. : murda-shu, m. (washer of the 4950Washerwoman, J dead) ; murda-shom, f .

Wasp, bhir, i., and bhirnl {di&erent kinds) : bhirnd, m. (hornet).

Waste, ganwdnd, tr.;barbddk. ;

' vide'

Destroy, Squander, Extravagance:banjar zamm (waste land) : raddl, adj. (of no use) : ghulnd, intr.

(waste away from sickness or grief ; prop, to dissolve, melt, q.v.).

Watch, —kt nigdh-bdni k. or ~kl khabarddri k. :' vide

'

Awake, Wake,Wait, Guard : tdk men hand (or

—lagd rahnd) (to watch for) : vide

Observe : ghari, subs., gen., (also for dharam-ghari a clock) : jeb-ghan(watch) : rdt kd ek pahar (one watch of the night).

Watchful, vide Wary, Alert.

Watchmaker, gharlsdz.

Watchman, chauki-ddr ; pahra-ddr :' vide

'

Sentry.

Water, pdm, m. : db, m., P. (in compounds ;db also = lustre

;also the water

on a steel blade) : tari se (by water : as opposed to khushkl) : peshdbk. (to make water

;= mutnd, vulg. and istinjd k. polite) : pani dend or

serdb k. (irrigate) ; sichnd, tr. (ditto) : pdni pildnd (water horses) : rdl

tapaknd, intr.(= the mouth waters

;lit. and met.).

Water-course, ndld (large) ; nalyd or ndli, f. (small) : motl (drain).

Waterfall, jharnd, m. (also a spring) : db-shdr m. f.

Water-fowl, murgjidbi (wild duck) : jal-kukkar, m. (= '

moor-hen').

Wateringplace, pan-ghat, m. (anywhere).

Water-trough, khel, m. (for horses).

Water-lily, kanwal, m., H., gen. : mlufar, m., P. (large white) : vide Lotus.

Waterman, vide Boatman and Sailor.

Watermelon, tarbuz, m.

Water mill, pdn-chakki.

Watery, panild ; patld.

Wave, mauj, f. : lahr, f. (ripple) : hildnd, tr., gen. (and also to shake) andlahrdnd, tr. (of a handkerchief, etc.).

Waver, vide Swerve.

Wax, worn, m. : Idk, m. {lagdnd) (sealing-wax) : kdn kd mail (of the ears) :

momkd = moml, adj.: mom ki ndk = a person easily led.

Wax-candle, mom-batti.

Wax-cloth, mom-jdma.

Wax-works, moml-tasvlr, f.

Way, rah, f.;rasta or rdsta, m. : guzar-gdh, f. (passage or place of passing) :

w(^e Road, Path: taur, m. (manner): paid rasta (covered way, in a

fort) : chor-rasta (secret way) : ddheraste mew, adv. (half-way) : kas-ma-

purs jagah (out-of-the-way place).

Wayfarer, rdhi: rdhi musdfir (wayfarers, passers along).

WAY 172 WEI

Waylay, rah katndXoi a person) : vide Ambuscade.

Weak, kam-zor, gen. (of people etc., or things) : na-ita^a^ (feeble, of the

old or sick) : be-tdqat (as of a conquered race) : bodd (feeble, of mate-

rials, not to be relied on for strength): ?«'?/ (feeble, of the old) :

halkd, gen. (of wines, tea, etc) : kam-rang (ditto) : kam-zor dil kd

(weak, easily led) : mom H tidk (very easily led).

Wealth, daulat, f. (also = fortune): mdl, m. (riches).

Wealthy, daulat-mand : mdUddr (rich) : amiri or imdrat and mdl-ddrl (the

being wealthy).

Wean, dudh barhdnd (or chhufdrm): 'ddat chhurdnd (from a fault).

Weapon, hathydr, m. .* sildh, f .•

* vide' Armed.

Weaponless, vide Unarmed.

Wear, pahinnd, tr. (carry on the body ;of cut clothes, hats, boots, or or-

naments) : ofhnd, tr. (of a loose uncut garment; also to cover oneself

with a sheet): ghisnd, tr. and intr. (wear out, rub away by friction):

ragarnd, tr. (to rub, of friction;but ragar khdnd to graze) : ghisd aur

ragar, subs., m. (hard wear and tear) : apne ko khapdnd, tr. (wear out

oneself) : vide Use.

Wearisome, thakd-d^ne-wdld {kdm) (of things only ;not of persons) : ma^z-

khdne-wdld (of people) ; jdn-khd.u or jdn-khdne-wdld (ditto).

Weary, thakd-mdnda or kJmsta or chur (very tired, q.v.).

Weather, no regular word; Tnausim, m., season is sometimes used for wea-

ther: dndhi pdni ke din foul weather.

Weather-beaten, tufdn-zada.

Weather-cock, bdd-numd : thdli kd baingan, fig. (lit. wobbling about like

a birinjal on a brass plate).

Weave, bunnd, or binnd.

Weaver, juldhd (Muslim); tdhti (Hindu): qdltn-bdf (weaver of carpets):

bayd, m. (the weaver-bird).

Web, makrl kd jdld (cob-web).

Wedding, nikdh, m. (marriage) : shddi (wedding).

Wedge, mekh, f. (lit. nail or peg) : pachchar, m. (anything wedged in to

tighten).

Wee, nannhd (tiny and nice).

Weed, ghds pdt, m.

Week,j Iiafta: athwdrd: hafta-wdr, adj. and adv. (weekly) ; Mfta Jiafta,

Weekly, ) adv.

Weep, rond, intr. ; dnsu bahdnd, tr. (shed tears) : zd,r zdr rond (to weepbitterly) : phut phut-kar rond (weep unrestrainedly) : ddrhen mdrkar

rond (to blubber out loud; contemptuous term) : vide Whimper.

Weigh, tolnd, tr., and tulnd, intr. (vide Poise) : wazan karnd a,nd hond :

langar uthdnd (weigh anchor) : sochnd sam^jhnd (ponder on and

consider).

WEI 173 WHA

Weight, wazan, m. or tol, m. (weight) : bojh, m. or bar, m. (load, burden) : 5000usk% bat ka wazan naJiin (his words carry no weight) : men bat uske agenahm chali (my words have no weight with him) : age dab lag-gayd, or

ghore par dab ho-gaya (the weight is all in front of the cart, on the

shafts) : ekka (pichhe) uldr ^ hai (the weight is all behind the ekka, the

shafts are in the air) : bojh ek-tarfa ho-gayd (the load is to one side,^

lop-sided).

Weightiness, bojhal-pan (heaviness).

Welcome, kisl ki d,o bhagat karnd (to receive heartily) : Jchub d,e

(welcome !) : jaJidh jdtd hai uski d,o bhagat hoti hai — jahdn jdtd hai

log uskosar dhkhon par bithdte hain (wherever he goes he is a welcome

guest).

Welfare, khairiyat or khair o 'dfiyat, f. {puchhnd) (spec, as regards health) :

khush-hdU (doing well).

Well, ku,dn or ku,d, m., gen. : bd,oli (large masonry well, often with steps):

ubalnd, intr., to well up (also to boil) : achchhd, changd, or bhald changd= tan durust (in good health) : hhairiyat se hond (to be well, in goodhealth) : vide Right : bahut achchhd, gen ;

or to superiors bahut khubor jl achchhd,^ adv. (very good) : khair, adv.

;Ma^V jdne do well, let it

alone = achchhd, -na-sahl : khdsa hai (it is well enough ; pretty good) :

khair, phir well then ?

Well-behaved, tamiz-ddr (of behaviour).

Well-bred, shdyista (of manners, etc.) ; asil, or achchhe nasi kd (of animals).

Well done, shdhbdah ! : kyd bdt ! : kyd kahnd !

Well-dressed, khush-libds.

Well-formed, sudaul (of things, or of the body ;not of persons) : jor-band

kd durust (of men or horses): khush-waz' gen. (outward shape good).

Well-informed, bd khabar.

Well-known, mashhur : mashhur o ma'ruf : ndmi :* vide

' Famous.

Well-made, khush-qit^ of clothes; well-designed, of houses): vide Well-formed.

Well-meaning, nek-niyat (in a good sense only).

Well-to-do, khush-hdl = ddl rott se khush = ghar kd dsuda.

Well-wisher, khair-khtpdh.

Wencher, randi-bdz.

West, pachchhim, m. : maghrib, m. : bd,en hdth (vulg. and local).

Wet, tar: tar ba-tar or shor-bor (wringing wet): bhigd : gild (damp) : tari

and gilan, subs.

Wet-nurse, da, i or dudh-pild,i : [dd,I is often used for dd,i jand,i midwife].

Wharf, ghdt, m. (also = any landing- or watering-place, or ferry, or bath-

ing place) : dak^ m., Eng. (docks).

1 TJlar, subs., is that pan of the scales that being less weighted goes up.2 Panjabi camel-men and muleteers have some such word as aih,ir parna to

express this.3 In the Panjab achchha jl but in *' Hindustan ' '

this latter indicates fretfulness

or irritation.

WHE 174 WID

Wheat, gefiun, in., sing, or pi.

Wheedle, laUo patto karke nikdlnd or le-lend (to wheedle and flatter out of) ;

vide Coax, Blarney, Flatter).

Wheel, pahiyd, m. : chakkar, m.

Whet, \sdn dend or dhamd or lagdnd (on wheel; of instruments):

Whetstone, J silli par pajdnd, tr (on stone) :— kt piyds bharkdnd, tr. (to

whet figuratively).

Whey, pant, m.

Whimper, hun hun k. (also to say yes), or thunuknd, intr. (of children; also•

of a mistress when trying to get her own way).

Whip, chdbuk, m. {mdrnd) (light whip or stick) : kofd, m. {mdrnd) (heavy

thonged) : tdziydna lagdnd, leg. (to flog as a punishment).

Whirlpool, bhanioar, m.

Whirlwind, baguld, m. (from bd,o wind and gold).

Whisper, kdn men kahnd(—

to) : kdndphusl k. or (to whisper amongstthemselves): phusphusdnd, intr., gen.

Whistle, stti (bajdnd).

White, )safed, P.: ujld, H. : chittd (very white = ujld safed): safed

Whiteness, ) rang (the colour) : safedl (of an egg ;also whiteness and

whitewash): grom A;a?a (Europeans and Indians; black and white; a

contemptuous term).

Whitewash, vide White.

Whitlow, ungal herhd, m. (under a nail).

Whole, vide All : samuchd, adj., entire (q.v.)= sdbit and musallam ; murgA-i

musallam (a cock cooked whole and not cut up) : vide Sound :—bhar, as din bhar, etc., etc., adv. (the whole day).

Wholesale, thok-farosh (—

dealer) : thok-faroshl {k.) {—

dealing).

Wholesome, sihhat-bakhsh (of air, climate): mufid (lit. beneficial, of food):

nirogl H. (of food).

Wholly, yak qalam.

Whooping-cough, habbd dabbd, m. : kukar-khdnst, f.

Whore, mdUzddi (lit. born of money) : vide Prostitute.

Whoremonger, vide Wencher.

Whore-son, ran4i bachcha :* vide

'

Illegitimate.

Wick, battt (also = light).

Wicked, bad : burd :' vide '

Sinful; Mischievous.

Wide, chaurd : 'ariz (in common use of cloth only) : bare pakne kd (of

cloth): lamba chaurd (of expanse, as a plain; also of a very bigman).

Widewake, chaukas (alert, q.v.).

Widow, bewa; rdnd (but in Bengal = randt, prostitute).

Widower, randwd (rare).

Widowhood, randdpd, m. ; bewagl.

Width^ chaurd,t : pahtid, m. (of cloth) : 'arz, m. (commonly of cloth) :

pdt, m. (of a river) ;do pdt ki chddar a chddar of double width.

WIF 175 WIN

Wife, bibi ; joru, Y\x\g.: admi, m. (very vulgar): 'aivrat (prop, woman):zawja (spouse, fem.) : ghar he log, m. coll. (a polite colloquialism) :

hawell (of rich man).

Wig, jhuthd hdl.

Wild, wdhshl ; jangli : 'vide' Uncultivated, Uninhabited: khud-ro (of

plants, etc.).

Wilderness, sahrd, m. (also = desert) : haydban, m.

Wile, tiriyd-charitar , m (for Hindi triyd-charitr) (women's wiles) : hila, m.

Wilful, khudrsar (taking his own line) : vide Obstinate.

Will, wasiyat-ndma, leg., written.

Willing, rdzi (also = contented) : be 'uzr ddmi hai, he is a willing man.

Willingly, khushi se; sar dnkhon se; dil o jdn se, shauq se (also = by all

means do so).

Willingness, razd^mandt ; khushi.

Willow, bed, f. (and hence bent, f., cane).

Win, jitnd, gen. : bazi le-jdnd or mdr-lend (in a game only).

Wince, vide Flinch.

Wind, hawd,,tr. f. (prop, air) : bdd, f. (in Urdu seldom used alone) : riydh,

f., sing, (in the stomach) : goz, f. (k) — hawd chhomd, or cosbTselj pddnd(to break wind : goz-i-shutur — anything insignificant).

Wind, kuknd, br. (a clock, etc. ;also to tune a musical instrument) : chdbl or

kunjl dend: lapetnd, tr. (wind up, of string, etc.) ;hawd ke rukh chaJndj

to go down-wind, go with the wind : hawd ko kdt-kar chalnd, to go upwind, against the wind, {hawd bachdke jdrm "to cheat the wind,"might mean to stalk at right angles to the wind].

Wind-broken, sher-dam, adj. (of horses) : sher-dami, subs.

Windfall, tapkd, m. (of fruit) : bin mdnge murdd : billl ke bhdgon chhinkd tutd

Prov. [by the good luck of the cat the (string of the) meat-safe brokeand fell ; of something that comes as a windfall but has long been

desired].

Wind-gall, baiza, m., Ar. (lit. an egg, and by country people and in Bombayused in this sense in Urdu; amongst horse-dealers = wind-gall).

Winding-sheet, kafan, m.

Wind-mill, pavan-chakki, f. {pavan, H., wind).

Window, khirkl; jharokhd, m. (a small window in an upper storey ; spec,in a palace to obtain a view).

Windward, vide Wind.

Windy, hawd jhakhar kd din(—

day).

Wine, shardb, f.; ddru, f (amongst Hindus : prop, medicine; also gun-

powder in some parts). [(of insect).

Wing, bdzu, m., gen. (of bird, building, army, chair;also= the arm) ; par

Winged, par-ddr, gen.

Wink, chashmak k. (as a signal) : kan-ankhiyon se ishdra k. (by a side

wink) : [but kan-ankhiyon se dekhnd to make sheep's eyes at] : dnkh

jhapaknd (to flinch involuntarily ; q.v. ;also to have a short sleep).

Winnow, phataknd, tr., to throw up a wind: usdnd, tr. (by fanning) : vide

Sift.

WIN 176 WON

Winter, jafd or in inflected cases gen. pi. ; sardl ka mausim : jdfa kdtndy towinter : [jdrd ana = to have ague; jdfd lagnd, to feel cold].

Wipe, ponchhna : [mujhe khdne ko hdndt kd ponchJuin miltd hai^ I getnothing to eat except the wipings of the pot].

Wire, idr, m. : tidr ae bdndhnd, to wire : tdr kd jdl, wire gauze.

Wiry, vide Tough.

Wisdom, ddnd,%, gen. ; 'aql-mandl : hikmat ki bdten (words of wisdom ; hik-

mat, f. = philosophy and in India " ddktdrt"

; also a dodge, device).

Wise, ddnd; *dqil or 'aql-mand : mulld, T. (prop, a learned man, an inidmin a mosque, a teacher in a village school

; also a soothsayer or wiseman and exorcist ;

mulB ruhi, a muUa who reads the Quran after

death for forty days and so expels the dead person's soul).

Wish, chdhnd (like, love; want) : khtvdhish k. : drzu k. (desire ;

more than

previous) : tarasnd to long for, q.v. : vide Desire.

Wishwash, yih ddl nahln yih dhovan hat *'this is not dM but wishwash "

[dhovan, m., is the water in which something has been washed].

Wisp, murrhl (prop, any kink or twist in wire, thread, etc.) : kuchi

{mdrnd) (prop, a small brush for whitewash).

Wits, hawdss-hdkhta —ghabrdkar (losing one's wits, losing one's head).

Witch, jddu-garni: ddin (spec, one possessed of the evil eye): churail (a

kind of ghost that lives in trees; churail kt st is appUed to a dirty

old hag) : vide Magician.

Wither, \kumldnd, intr. (fade, lose freshness) ; murjhdnd, intr. (dry up) :

Withered, / vide Die. : kumldyd, murjhdyd, adj.

Withers, maddu or madau or mandau.

Withhold, bdz rakhnd (restrain a person, q.v.): rok-rakhnd (keep back;a

person or thing) ;dabd-rakhnd (by force).

Withstand, sdmne qadam jamdnd (or jamim) :

' vide'

Encounter, Oppose.

Witness, gawdh or sJmhid (the person): gawdhi or shahddat (f.), dend {to

give evidence, attest).

Witicism, bhondd mazdq.5100 Witty, zanf.

Wizard, vide Magician.

Woe-begone, ront sural bandkar (dnd) ;* vide

'

Doleful.

Wolf, bheryd, m. : mithi chhuri (a wolf in sheep's clothing); gurba-e

miskin (ditto ;lit.

" a poor cat.")

Woman, 'aurat.

Womanish, zandna (effeminate; also impotent; also the women's apart-

ments) : zankhd (effeminate) : zan-sifat (feminine, with feminine qua-

lities).

Womb, bachcha-ddn, vulg. m. : rihm, m., med.

Wonder, ta'ajjub, m. {k.) : achambd Qiond): 'ajib chlz (a wonder) £but

'ajib o gharib (a real marvel) : shubha hat ki wuh d,e yd na-d,e (I

wonder if he'll come).

Wonderful, 'ajib ;achambe kd ;

' vide'

Strange and Miracle.

woo 177 WOR

Wood, jangal or ban, m. (also any wild place) ; lakn (timber, in its natural

state) : kath, m. (cut timber) ; jaldvan, f. (or lakri) (for burning ;vide

Fuel) : [lakri also = stick].

Woodcutter, lakar-hard, m.; lakar-hdrin, f.

Wooded, jangal sebhard hu,d (of a country).

Wooden, kdth kd (of polished, etc., wood) : lakrl kd (of natural wood).

Wool, urij m. : pashniy m. (also soft fur, as of cat, etc. ; also the hair of the

pubes : pashm bardbar parwd nahm, a common indecent expression for" I don't care a fig

": mere pashm se indecent for bald se

"hang it ") :

. vide Hair, Fur. : uni and pashml, adj., woollen.

Word, lafz, m. (a single word): bdt, f. (ditto; also speech, thing, matter^betrothal ;

sahib ne mujhe bdt kahl, (the sahib spoke angrily to me) :

jali bhunl bdten, bitter words: jail kati bdten, hasty words spoken ia

anger : zabdn kd pds rakhnd or karnd, to keep one's word : bol, m., pro-mise, q.v. : khabar bhejnd, to send word: vide News, Information,Message , Command ; lajzon men tasvir khlnchnd (of a word picture) :

lafz lafz karke (word by word) ; lafz ba-lafz (ditto, and also literally).

Wordy, laffdz (of people) : Hbdrat men la-ffdzi hai (of style, etc.)

Work, kdm, m. [k) ; kdm kdjy m. (^.) (various sorts of work, business) r

vide Labour, Effort, Try, etc. : chalnd (of a machine, a system) :

asar k. (to be effective) : su,l kd kdm k. (embroider, q.v.) : tasnif, f.

{k.) (literary work): kdr-guzdn {k.) (good work; such as deservea

promotion).

Worker, kamerd (a hard worker) : kamd,u (the bread-winner) : vide

Labourer; kdrlgar, a skilled worker.

Workmanship, kdm, m.; ban^wat, f. : kdri-gari (skilled workmanship).

Workshop, kdr-khdna, m.

World, dunyd, f. (prop, the earth ;also people) : jahdn, m. (prop, the

universe) : 'dlam, m. (prop, the universe;also a great concourse of

people; a strange state).

Worm, ktrd, m. (any insect or small crawling thing) : kenchu,d, m. (earth-

worm) ;kaddu-ddna (tape-worm ; from its resemblance to pumpkin

seeds).

Worried, 7 ^*9'(? hond (and karnd) (to get worried, initated) : tang hond or

Worry, ) karnd :

Worse, bad-tar ; bad-tar se bad-tar (the worst).

Worship, pujnd, tr. gen. : mdnnd, tr. (to beUeve in) : pujd k. (of idols only) :

Khudd kl 'ihadat k, (of Muslims, Christians, Jews; i.e. of ahl-i kitdb

only; not of Hindus) :— ki parasiish k., gen. (also met. of people).

Worshipper, pujdri Hindu (also an officiating Brahmin) : pujne-wdld r

'ibddat karne-wdld.

Worst, vide Worse.

Worth, qadr, f. : vide Value, Excellent: das rupiya kd, worth ten rupees :

vide Deserve.

Worthless, nd-kdra or nikammd (also useless;of people or things) : wdhiydt, f .

pi. (of concrete things; also of opinions, ideas, etc. : also = nonsense).

Worthy, vide Deserve.

23

WOU 178 YEA

Wound, zajchm, m., wound or sore, gen. ;but spec, wound {lagdnd or

pahunchdnd): gha,o, m. gen. (wound or sore but specially latter) : dil

dukhdnd (wound the feelings) .

Would, khipdh ma-khivdh kiyd (he would 6.0 it) : kdsh or kashkl. (oh wouldthat !) : also expressed by the Future Indie.

Wounded, zakhml (k.) : ghdyil {k.).

Wrangle, chakh cJiakh k.

Wrap up, lapetnd, tr. (also tuck in bed-clothes).

Wrath, gAazab, mWreak, iniiqdm leke dil kd buhhdr nikdlnd

(—one's vengeance).

Wreck, tahdh hoim (Ht. to be ruined) : tabdht, subs, {men and).

Wrestle, kushtl larnd or karnd.

Wretch, kam-bakht.

Wretched, vide Miserable.

. Wriggle, kulbuldnd or chulbuldnd (of a worm, or of small children) ; [hencekil bil a sing., masc, collec. noun = small children].

Wring, nichofndy tr. (wring out water ; squeeze out juice) : ainthnd, tr.

and intr. (extort by force, wring out) : marornd, tr. twist round.

Wrinkle, jhurrt (from old age) : shikaUy f. (in cloth, or of a frown, etc.) :

cMn, f. : silwat, f. (a pucker in a badly-woven carpet or a badly cut

garment).

Wrinkled, gale men jhurriydn "pari hu,l hain (a wrinkled neck).

Wrist, kald.l.

Writ, hukmrudma, m. (any written order).

Write, likhnd, tr. .* tahrlr k. : darj k. — qalam-band k. (to record, set downin writing).

Writer, muharrir (in an office; spec, in Court) : munshi (ditto) : musannif,author, q.v.

5150 Writhe, ainthnd, tr. and intr. : maror (f.) khdnd or pech o tab (m.) khdnd :

vide Wring.

Writing, khatt, m., or likhd,i (but latter also = money paid for writing) :

likhdwat, f. : tahrlr, f. (also the Court-fees for writing).

Wrong, ghfdat = sahih nahm :* vide

'

Injustice, Unjust, Err, Tyranny.

Wrongfully, nd-haqq, adv.

Wrcngheaded, kaj-fahm : ultl samajh kd.

Yam, zamln-qand, m. gen. shakar-qand, m. (a sweet variety).

Yard, gaz, m. (the measure) : ihdta, m. (any enclosure) : vide Courtyard.

Yawn, jama, I {lend) : angrd,i {lend) (to stretch oneself).

Yea, hdn aur nd, subs., f. (yea and nay) : iqrdr inkdr, m. (ditto).

Year, baras, m. : sal, m. : san, m, (of era, as san 'isavi 1911) : sambat (of

Hindu era) : har sal or adl sal (every year).

YEA 179 ZOO

Yearly, saldna, adj. and adv.

Yearn, tara'pna, intr. (of mental uneasiness and longing).

Yeast, khamir, m.

Yell, chinghar, f. (marnd) (but c^^%Mma, intr., trumpet, of elephants) :

chlkh, f- {marnd) (has a more general sense; to bawl, cry out).

Yellow, \zard or pUd, adj.: zardl, subs, (also yolk of an egg) : plld-

Yellowness, J pan, subs.

Yesternight, rdt, adv.

Yet, vide Besides, Still.

Yield, hdr manna, tr. :

' vide'

Produce, Surrender, Give up : sir jhukdnd(to give way to a person): paidd-wdr, m. (of a tree, field, country).

Yoke, ju,d, m. (for oxen) : ju,e men jotnd or lagdnd.

Yolk, [ande k%) zardl.

Yonder, wuh sdmne : wuh pare.

Young, jawdn (from about 25 to 40) : nau-jawdn or nau 'umr (about 18 or

20): kam-sinn or kam-'umr (of small age) : vide Inexperienced, Raw:bachcha (the young of anything) : patthd (of any birds

;but especially

pigeons and cocks;vide Squab ;

also a young wrestler) : pdthd (maleof deer, goats, elephants).

Youth, jawdm (the state of) : gabhru (a handsome lad).

Youthful, vide Young : wuh mem assi haras kl hai magar ah tak jawdn-mizdjhai (she is eighty but still youthful) : jawdn-dil (

—in feelings).

Zeal, sar-garml, gen. (in work, etc.) : josh, m. or joshlld-pan (of reformer,

missionary, etc.): mazhdhi hardrat, f.(= religious zeal).

Zealous, sar-garm ; pur-josh or joshild.

Zebra, zihrd, m. : gor-hhar (wild ass).

Zenith, auj, m., gen.

Zero, sifar, m. .* sunnd, m. H. : hindi, H. (a dot and hence also zero).

Zest, maza le le-kar khdnd (to eat with zest).

Zig-zag, laheriyd, adv. and adj. (prop, the name of a coloured stuff with

zig-zag stripes) : mor tor kd, or kajo pech (crooked, with many bends).

Zinc, jast, f.

Zodiac, hdrah hurj, m.; {burj = tower; bastion).

Zoo, chiryd-khdna, m.; vulg. ; ^ajd'ih hhdna-e haiwdndt (in newspapers).

The End.

Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta.

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