eng land section b advice

8/10/2019 Eng Land Section B Advice

1/12


2/12

Even f

you

don't

agreewith the

point

of view

expressed,

t is

easy

o see hat

t, :

theseanswers s much better than the other.

What makes CandidateAs answer better than CandidateB's?Ten statements

r:

given

below.Five apply to CandidateAs work and flve to CandidateB's. Choosc

statements

which best

describe

each candidate's

answer.

al

v T'^ --

'

"

""u"t'n;:':;::oand

there

are

no

,.__

-=+-

s:,..

-

,,:._.

=


3/12

ro[s'I

oP'l*:*Y:*

if

#"r;;

tiJa-rhongrng

v

tu

rodq$----

-

D

Candidate

E

--Younyqao7le'

has used a

quotation

which neatly sums up his or her

point

of view.

effective method but

you

must use a

quotation

that

fits.

D has

finished

by summarising

the key

points,

and

given

his or her

is

a very

logical approach

-

be careful

not to repeat

yourself

E makes

his

or

her final

point

in the flnal

paragraph,

completing the

This is a very dynamic way to finish.

on

page

174

is

a complete

essaywritten by a candidate

on

this topic.

help

you

to

plan

and write better essays.

about the following

questions:

How convincing

is it in

presenting

and developingan argument?

What are ts strengths?

What are ts weaknesses?


4/12

lBeJore

sett lng wt htsor her deas,

tlrc candtdateexpLar,nstr+at e or she

rnezLms

4

smacklng.UnJo twnateL4

capLtaL

r.e.

he detuttrn

ewtuLta)

s

mnddLed p wLttrtorporaLwnLshntent

and n

pron+Lsvng

tnrt

s

spoilt .

Top

ip

In

ouestions

hat ask

vou

to write or

or

againsta statement r

opinion,

ou

can

consider othsides f the argument e fore

giving

our

inalopinion. his anbe helpful

if you

cannot ecidewhichside o support.

Task

Annotate the essay

below,

icking those

parts

which

you

think are

good, giving

,

reason, and

putting

a crossby those

parts

which are esssuccessful nd explain

how they could be improved.

A first comment is included

to

get you

started.

The

hitrrng

and

or smoching

oJ

children

bU

either pcrents

or

teachers

s

lormallg relJered to

as cqpital

punishment.]

Lam personcltg n

Javour

oJ this

sort { ccpitct punishrnent rovided t is within recsonob[e orometerswhich

are

nolcbused

bg those

ssuing he punishment.

I belieurthaldiscipline

is

areq,uirement

n societg ond one oJ thetest

wogs oJ institttng

his discipline s through punishing

oljenders.

,It

is veru

Lrotural

Jor

human beings

o commlt

errors

however sometimes

..

these-enors

cre avoidoble and this is when

hitting or

smocking

comes an.

Childrerarererg open olearning-during their

ecrlg dags os this

is

when

the broin is stcrting to

develop.

ThereJore,

f

a

chitd

is involved

in

acts

oJ

bqd behaviour,

.t

is becouse

lw

chitd has eqrnt

Jrom

iomeone else cnd

- thereJor:e

he best

wogto

tecch thenorlr-enuise

is someti.meshrough

hitting

or smaching-

It iscommonJor

his

sort oJ

discipl inaru

ction,to

be administered

n

mg

home

continent,

AJrica, however: ess stin-mqinlg

more

economicollu

devetopedrountrles

uch

as he United

Stqtes

oJAmericc

and much

oJ

- Eur:ope.t

is thereJore

otc' colncidence

hct there

are less

ndisciplined

. children n Ajrica in comparlson

o

those

nthe USA

and

Europe.

Thiris

not

beco.use

he children

ore diljerent butiecouse

perhaps he behqviourol

imi.ts

-. in

wealtlter

@untrierore less than thossin

AJrico-In

AJrica,

Jor

excmpte,

f

achitd is

deservedlg

oned or smocked,

he

or she wi[ take the

punishment

with

Less

pposrrionhansc

g

o chitdJrom

urope ho

mqy retort

bg cotting

child servicesl

Additionottg

verbal wcrningsond non

contactpunishmentso not

JuFt

some

J

he

puryosesf4unlshmenf

for

excmpteeJorm

nd retriburion. n

jhe

othelhsnd

however*4hgsicolunishment

s more uccessJuln

encouragin+oljendecnot

o repeot hecr-ime, nd

also

n

chonging]rem

around

altogether.

hysicot

unishment

lsoserves

s an

example

Jor

hose

who inrenilto commit

a similcrcrime

ond

thereJore

iscourcges

imitar

acts

With

ottoJ

he

obove oints onsideredJthtnh

ris in

the best nrerest J

our

wor:ldJor

his sorroJ

disciptinorg ction o tohe

place,aJter

a[[ spare

he

rod

cnd

sooil he

child-


5/12

persuade

kind of

question

will I face?

trying

to influence

someone either a) to accept a

point

of view or

a certain way. An a) type

question

might ask

you

to

argue

favour of a statement in a class debate

question (e.g.

Smoking should

all

public places)

and a b) type

question

might ask

you

to write a letter

one or more

people

o do something, e.g. ake

part

in

a charity event.

want to

persuade

someone successfully,

you

will need

to use a strong

you

will be even more

successful

f

you

use language to make him

agree with

you.

you

do

this? This is where language

skills are very important,

because

persuasion

often depends on choosing words and varying

sentence

maximum impact on

your

reader.

extract from the RSPCA

(The

Royal Society for the Prevention

aims to

persuade people

to

give

money to the

charity.

people giving

money to them so their appeals

need to be very

appeal

have

been carefully chosen:

feel the horror

of animal cruelty

stress he positive effect the RSPCA has

e he importance

of RSPCA nspectors.

you ever hought

uboot

ho-

tLe RSPCA is huly

anazing?

saving ani-als

{ro-

"tr"lty

{o, ,r"rrly

200

years.

7"

l".J th"

showing

ow

to

lir."

*ith -rri-rls in h.r-ony

anJ respect.AtrJ

"l l

p"opl" in our

country careatout protecting

unirnrls {rorn

Atri-als cannot

speaL

rt {o. tL"-s"lrr"r.

So

-" Jo.

Inspectors urr"

ul*uy, t""tt th" most visitle part

our -o.t to

sn{{"titrg.ToJry our 300 Inspectors, nimal collectiort

ani-al -"I{rt" o{{i""rr

s""-

t.rsie,

than e..",

-

in

2OO9

the

"o11""t"J

.rJ "r"r"J 135,293

anirnals.t

seems

hat morep"opl"

conscious { animals' r""Js, .trJ

tk"y ur"

p."p.r"J

to

tring

s,r{["ring

to our

attention.

pitilessly

utrr"J r.rJ utrnJon"J

urri-uls, u.rJ {ittJitrg

h"trt

ho-", is

just

part

"{

tL" Juily tasL " {r"". Fo. instance,

o:ut

24-Lou.t

unJ uJ.ri""'lin" r"c"i.r"s over

3,000

"ull,

on average,

"u"ry

Juy,

Figure

.7 An RSPCAnspector

n uniform.

one

"ull

".r"ry

29

s""or.J".

AtrJ

"u"L

J.y o.r. inspectors

Lave to

uro,rnJ 3,845 complaints

about

suspect"J

"t.r"lty

to animals. M,rltiply that

by -eeLs in

a

rnonth,

anJ

ty every nonth in a year...

vou

Lt o*, v," rely entirely

otr

prbli.

support.

Tk"

RSPCA ,i*ply co,rlJ not

survive

without prrbli"

support.

yorr {o, helping -aLe

tLe RSPCA truly amazing.

RSPCA

2010)


6/12

Completing he grid below will help you understandhow words can be ust',

persuade.

Someexampleshave been

given

to start

you

off:

What words n this

piece

bring

out

the cruel way n which

someanimalsare reated?

What words emphasise

he

positive

aspects

of the RSPCAs

work?

What words

and

details

bring

out

the

strengths of

the

RSPCA nspectors?

Find an example of each of the following techniques:

.

rhetorical

question

-

a

question

that

is asked

or effect

rather than to get an answer

.

short sentences

or dramatic effect

.

the

use of

statistics to

prove

what is being

said

.

repetition of words,

or

similar

words,

for

effect,

l.

pitilessly

bused

2.

3 .

harmonyand

respect

l.

Themostvisible

art

of our

work

,

3 .

l .

2 .

3 .

Task

Try

out

some

of these

echniques

by

writing

the text of a leaflet

(about

250 wor.:.

long) for a

charity of

your

own choice.

As

well as using the techniques

you

havt'

Iearnt about, try

to add

some

of

your

own.

Persuading friends

Sometimes he context for

persuasion

s much

more

personal,

which means hat

you

will need o write in a very

different

way.

Consider his

start to a

letter.

t is by a teenagerwho has

been old

(in

strict

confidence)by a close riend that she has arranged

to

meet

someoneshe only

knows from a social networking

site.

The

teenager

s

writing to

persuade

her frie

n.

not to

go

ahead with the meeting.


7/12

don't

shout

at

me or writing his letter

doubt

f

you

wouldet me alk directly to

you.

am

beinq ptiqhtand ntrudin7 n

your

ife

but

I am aick with worry, ince

ou

told

that

you

were

oinq

o meet his

'boy'.

We

have

been lose

riends

and

you

have

lways

he

past.9o

listen

o

menow.

What

are doin7aplainstupid. naane, ven,

letter usesdifferent techniques rom

the charity appeal.

following table ink

the statementsabout techniques n the left-hand

column

the

correct explanation for it in the right-hand

column:

and uses

plain

stupid..

uses a

variety

of

personal

uses a variety of

sentence

including commands

sentenceswith no verbs.

on various

rirur

own ideasand

some of

the techniques

you

have

ust

learnt about, flnish

o Tabitha.

to advise

of

question

will I face?

ri

1'1'gpvay most

of us

give

-

and receive

advice.

This

advice s often factual

::\ 'u[ a place o meet), sometimespractical (e.g.how to use a new gadget)and

'rral l l 'social

r

moral

(e.g.

ow to dealwith a

personalproblem).

::.rtion questions

will

follow

this

pattern.

In

general,you

will have o

either

a)

-

-..plul

opinions,

suggestions, r information to a specifled

erson

or

group

of

Explanation

A. This is to make her feel

guilty

and

also to

reassure her.

B. This is to emphasise

what the

writer

is

saying and even

to shock.

C. This makes the letter

more

personal

and establishes direct ink with

the

friend.

D. This is

appropriate because t is

written to a close riend.

Top

ips

Do

choosewordsand sentence

tructures

whichwil l n f luence

our

reader

use

good

examples

nd detailso support

your

main

points.

Don't

.

use

oo manvemotivewords this

can

have

he oppositeeffect o that ntended

.

usestatisticshat

are obviously

nonsense

-

th iswil l

weaken

our

argument


8/12

people, r, b) rccommenda courseof action o someone. erhapsguiding :'

warning them.

A

question

may bc worded to combine both these

possibilities,

ut the adr . -

almost always be targcted at a specificaudience

or

reader.

First of all. remember that

'writing

to advise' s linked

to

'writing

to arguc

i, r

persuade'.

f

you give

advice

o someone.

ou

will also be trying

to

inflruttt,

'.

follow

your

advice,so

persuasion

and

reasoning

play

a

part.

Let's

have a look at an examplc a website

agony

aunt' whosc

ob

is to rirrir.

advice or worried teenasers.

c;l-irotnrt

O O

1

DearMadge

l'm

a

fifteen-year-old

oy. Recently have

got

very nterested n

cyclingand my

coachsays couldbecome

a

professional,

o

I need o

train very hard

and

get

very

it. The rouble s I

can't

stop

smoking;

f irst

startedbecause

ll

my friends

id. used

to

smoke

ust

a

few cigarettes

but now I can't

stop.

I

daren'task

my

parents

or help

because hey wouldn't

understand. lease

help | love

cyclingand don't want o ruin

a

possible

areer.

l'm

getting

very

stressed. want to

stop.

What

can I do?

Bothered illy

DearEotheredEilly

First

the

good

news.

YouretLer hows

ou

eallywant o

1ive

upsmoking

nd

hat te he first step to makinqt happen.

ouwon bealone;

all

he

coolestand

itteet

people re

qivinq

pnow.

Eul; here e somebadnews.Make omiatake,t iE

difficult

a

stop bu1;

ou

cando

t.

Loteof

people

aveearnt 1;o

kick he

habit

Here's ow ousl,arl;,

Make

plan.

1

)et. a date

for

your

aet

ciqqie ndetick to it

2.

Tryand

qef,

some upporLfrom friendor relative it,

alwaye

elps

o falk Losomeone bout

problems

a

problem haredea

problem

alved

3. Keep usyto

helptake

our

mind

off ciqaretLes.

4 Try o

chanqe

our

routine, ndavoid he shopewhere

ou

usually uyciqaretLes.

5 Fut the money

ou

save

oncigarettee wayandbuyeomel,hingpecialor

youreelf

with

t.

6

Good

uck

and

hopet

all

qoee

well,

Quittinq

moking illmake

ou

eel

a

lot

betl;er nd,

with

he exercieerom

Lhe yclinq,

ou

should eable o wave

treee

qoodbyel

Allthebeet,

Madqe.

89. Theres

aleoa

special elplineor

teenaqersryin7 o

4ive

upsmoking:all he

Quit

Nic ine

on 0000

123456


9/12

uses ots of techniques

to

give

impact to her advice. The following table

of them. See f you can find any more and find a quotation to

anguage

y to understand

language

points

catchy

phrasing

Example

coolest,

iggies

are writing

this

kind

of

letter remember

the following key

points:

the tone right It would be no

good

addressinga

child

like

an adult, or an

child.

Nobody

takes advice rom a

person

who doesnot seem o hnow

he

or she

s

talking

about

it clear and memorable.

Choose

our

words

and structure

your

sentences

-

you

may find

yourself

using a lot of command structures,

e.g.

Do

Takehe ight urn...Be careful...

et out

your

advice n

a

way

that makes t clearer.A

strong

and ending are mportant.

you

are an expert counsellor who

gives

advice on a website.

rour replies

o these

questions

rom

a teenagerand a

parent.

belng bwLLLed4 some

peopLe

n

at schooL. l,teqaren:t

hvttLwg

the4're

wst

caLLLng Le an/Les

nt

Jed.

wp wLth Lt.Wl,Lnt nw I

DearCounsellor

My fourteen-year-oldauqhteroeeme,o

spendall her time in nternet chatrooms.

am eallyworried

bout

her dont

understandf,.How

an

help

her?

Mrs

P


10/12

What

about the

actual

examination?

This

s an'advise'

question:

'You

have

been

asked o

speak

o

younger

students

at

your

school

'r

advice

on

how to cope

with

examinations.

Write

the text

for

lltt'

:.,

'

give.'

Here

are some

beginnings

rom

examination

answers o

this

qr'rt'':

mind what

you

have earned

so

ar, complete

he table belort'n-ith

"

The first one

is done

for

vou:

Strengths

and weaknesses

CandidateA

Candidate

B

Candidate

C

CandidateD

Candidate's

opening

Hello ladiesand, entlemenAm a candidsten this

school

ndmA

names

re

X***Y***.

Amhere

to advice

Aou

onhow

to cope

with

exqms.

Firstly

we are

going

to

start

with the

first

one

which is known

as

revision'

Good.morning

ellow

students.

hope

youhave

been

having

a hard

term, because

hat's

what

quality

work

feels

ike...

hardl So

do not be

discouraged,

t is worth

it.

Examsare

verA

hard to cope

with,

especially

f

you

do

not know

how to.

Throughexperience

haveaqired

some

very use

ul

tips

and techniques

hat I am

goingto share

with

you.

First andforemost...

Today am

here o talk

to

you

about

how to cope

with

examinations.

am

going

o talk

to

you

abouthow to

reviseand.l

am also

going

to

talk about

exam echniques,

and after

I have alked.

here

will be

ime

or

questions.

I

find

it easier

o beorganised

efore

evisingand the

ocams.

t

is

easier

and

more helpful

f

you

makea

revising

ime table...

Tosomepeople, xaminationsarethe mostdfficult

situation

o

go

through.

Others

ind

them

exceedingly

easA,

nopportunity

o show

off

whattheyhavelearnt.

Whichever

ategorA

ou

believe

hat

you

fall

into, it

really does

not matter

The

dea s to

realise

which

category

you

aII

into then

understand

ow

to

conquer

your

weaknesses

ndmaximise

your

strengths.

However

what I tell

you

today

wiII be

uset'uJ

or

all of

you.

The

irst

stage

or

any examination

s to

prepare

or

it. If

you

ail

to

prepare,

Aou

prepare

o

fail

h really s a

simnle

as hat...

The opening is too formal for younger slud(al

The wording

is repetitive

and

not \r]'cnga |}

There

are some

grammatical

and

spelling,

It is

clear, but

over-simple

n expression.


11/12

the candidateson

page

180 in rank

and explain the reasons or

your

the audience or

your

advice

require a more formal and

approach,as n this

question:

been asked

you

to represent

students

of

your

school or collegeat

of the Governing Body.Your

s to

persuade

he

Governors hat

o make your school

more

attractive and to

provide

environment.

Write

the

of

the

speech

ou

would

give.'

is the text of what

one student

o say:

Figure

.10Howwould

oupersuade

heGovernorso redecorate

he

chool?

amhore- t.aay

l. Idl

yclt;

Lhql

lbol'evuLl:etosho\Adbe

muy

lo holB

slu&nlz

i, knottt fual

lhose- 'A.-as

.will c-at]

a

lol

m*e1 bal I re-c-kon

Ltay wil

3rea

ly

,r":7xote, &p,

fx.'Ll'es

q:J

almosThere.

I bol'eve

*. ti.-r, re,-dec-orqle

lLte.

school.

If we.

rn&-

]La

lool.

uore

gloasoyi

lhen sluAonls

wil{ be-6y?*,

anA lhoy

woyk bzller *oo.

7n

yarlicular

l\e

]a'lels

qro

in ur3anI rweJ

woulJ be

a

jood

idea lo

inlrodueo

sorvo

^e\N

sublzcls ,n

lLe

are uote rolevanl lo lho slaAenls-Toaclln4

nooA

lo

be lool.eJ

ol*

so

lhql sluknLs

cqt :ave--mote

wa/s ol loarnin3

llhirys,

.,ould also

lo& ifl. ^*f|.rs

of

making

7oo7le,

wq*

lo

como

schooL

?orhags

you

eouLJ

ye.

s?oc;ql

"grxtlzgos

lo

slader*s

yutulorl

atlond,

school

,ulu, nuud

lo

be

lookeJ

ol os

nol

hqyo

a sTecial

qreo

sol

qsda

for

bnvg a lellor from Iheir garenls?

r^ell

q(e

.,ul

of dqlu.

9mokerg,

a5

la6q

q3

. J

s


12/12

Top

ips

Think

arefu l ly

boutexpression

nd

presentatron.

Putyour points

of advice

across

clearly; eaders

will

then respond

more

confidently.

Be

posit ive

nd, f

possible,

ffer

alternatives,

o readers ave

a choice.

What do

you

think

of this

speech?

Complete

he following

table

by adding

r.

vour own:

Merits

Weaknesses

It is

accurately

n'ritten.

The

advice

is

generally

clear

and

structured.

The tone

is

appropriate

and the

words

are

formal.

It doesnot

go

nto

much

detail.

Some

of the

ideas

are

controversial

and

need

more

justiflcation.

It ends

very

abruptly.

How you could

irnprove

it

.

Givemore reason.

r

the

ideas.

.

Quote

more

etidcr:r

to

support

the idc:'r

.

Show

more awarcEtl

of the audience

t

s

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Writing

ask

.

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n

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ou

caneither

e-draft

he original

ext

by

deveroc

it, making

t

clearer

nd more

convincing

or write

a completely

ew

spee(-

using our

own ideas.

eng land section b advice

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