ENERGY UnitEssential Question:

How do we power our lives? Vocabulary1.Ethanol2.Biodiesel3.Natural gas4.petroleum5.geothermal energy6.tidal energy7.hybrid vehicle8.methane9. Fission10.Fusion11.Generator 12.Photovoltaic cell13.Biofuels14.Fuel cell15.Electric Motor

Standard SEV4. Students will understand and describe availability, allocation, and conservation of energy resources•Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable resources including how different resources are produced, rates of use, renewable rates and limitations of sources. •Describe how technology is increasing the efficiency of utilization and accessibility of resources.•Describe how energy and other resource utilization impact the environment and recognize that individuals as well as larger entities have an impact on energy efficiency.e. Describe the commonly used fuels (e.g. fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, etc.) and some alternative fuels (e.g. wind, solar, ethanol, etc.) including the required technology, availability, pollution problems and implementation problems. Recognize the origin of fossil fuels and the problems associated with our dependence on this energy source.f. Describe the need for informed decision making of resource utilization

Energy Use in the U.S.

http://ogoapes.weebly.com/unit-11--energy-fossil-fuels-and-alternative-energy-sources.html

Residential- cooking, heating/cooling, lights

Industrial- manufacturingof chemicals, mining, smelting metals

Commercial (businesses serving customers)- cooking, heating/cooling, lights

Transportation

Vampire Appliance- devices using electricity even when turned off (flat screen T.V., Play Station, computer, etc.) Makes up to 10% of electricity bill

draw the pie chart- write all the notes!

Electricity Generation

Electric generator: converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

Fossil fuels are burned to heat water to produce steam turns a turbine

generator makes electricity(magnet spins inside coils of wire putting electronsin motion

in 2004 U.S. had 4.6% of global population & used 24% of global energy

Burning fossil fuelsaccounts for 80% of U.S. air pollution & 80% of CO2 emissions

draw the pie chart- do not draw renewable extension section, write the info. in the blue boxes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dO9GxdMEGME

Net Energy total available energy- amount used for locating, extracting, processing, transporting it

energy out / energy in = net ratio

Oil has high ratio due to large, accessible, cheap –to- extract sources mainly in Middle East

Nuclear has low ratio due to extracting, processing, plant requirements (including building & dismantling), storage of radioactive wastes for 10,000-240,000 yrs

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries- have 78% of world’s proven oil -greatest source of global & economic power

Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Iran

U.S. has 2.9% of proven oil supply, but is #1 user

World reserves good for about 90-100 years

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXYOOvGLzfI

Remains of ancient organisms that contain energy-rich

carbon-based molecules Coal- swampland plants

Oil & natural gas -marine organisms

Pros & Cons

Petroleum = oil that is pumped from the ground, Used in fuels, chemicals, & plastics (very versatile)

efficient & cleaner burning, composed of mostly methane

Inexpensive, easily transported, versatile

Nonrenewable, Responsible for air, water, & land pollution, including acid rain, strip mining, mountain top removal, & oil spills

•

Natural Gas Drilling, Texas

Pipeline, Alaska

Off shore drilling platform,Alaska

studies show considerable oil spills occur,

possibledegradation of area not

worth the risk

Report from March 12, 2015 stated 5 oil trains exploded in the previous18 months

Surface Coal Mining, Wyoming

Energy from fossil fuels

WindPros: Produces no air or water pollution, renewable, Coastal areas and high

altitude areas have sufficient wind speeds to generate electricityCons: depends on local weather & geography, may affect birds, noise pollution?280,000 homes in CA use wind power

optional notes: The electric current is sent through cables down the turbine tower to a transformer that changes the voltage of the current before it is sent out on transmission lines.

http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/technology_and_impacts/impacts/farming-the-wind-wind-power.html

Hoover Dam, Colorado River NV & AZ (726.4 ft x 1,244 ft )

Cons: Expensive to build, causes habitat fragmentation, flooding, requires fish ladders, changes to natural river flow, degraded water quality

Hydroelectricity energy produced from moving water

Pros: renewable, no air pollution, cheap & efficient to run, In Accounts for 20% of the world’s electricity

How a Hydroelectric Plant Works: optional notes

To make electricity, a dam opens its gates to allow water from the reservoir above to spin the blades of a turbine. The turbine is connected to a generator to produce electricity. The electricity is then transported via huge transmission lines to a local utility company.

Geothermal -energy from Earth’s inner heat

1. Hot water near the Earth's surface can be piped directly intobuildings and industries for heat, Power plants can use steam to turnturbine2. In 2009, U.S. geothermal power plants produced 0.4% of totalelectricity, five States had geothermal power plants: California,Nevada , Hawaii, Idaho, and Utah3. Requirements may include pump, turbine, & generator

Pro: Renewable, releases less carbon dioxide than fossil fuel plant, scrubber systems cleans out the hydrogen sulfide, emits 97% less acid rain-causing sulfur compounds than fossil fuel plants.Con: Vents are limited, can produce hazardous gases (H2S)

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BiomassOrganic matter that can be burned to produce heat/ electricity

ex. wood, crops, seaweed, animal wastes

Methane (made when bacteria decompose organic wastes,

like in landfills or manure), ethanol (C2H5OH)

made by fermenting the sugars found in grains, such as corn

optional notes: Uses- In 2002 Great Britain opened the 1st dung powered station, ethanol fuels ½ the cars in Brazil

Pros: renewable, less air pollution, jobs for rural communitiesCons: still makes air pollution, might require extensive land for cultivation,for vehicles-lower mpg, not good for cold weather

Elephant-poo power electrifies zoohttp://www.cnn.com/2011/10/10/world/europe/elephant-dung-biogas-munich/index.html

Tidal (renewable)

Pros: renewable Caused by gravitational pull, non-polluting, tides change every 6

hours Cons: harsh environment,danger to marine organism, expensive,Limited geographically

http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/tidal_power.htm

Used in France, Russia, & CanadaRequires dam, turbine, & generator

Solar

Passive solar heating -face windows to the south in the n. hemisphere & receive the most solar energy

Pros: Renewable, no air pollutants, minimal environmental impactCons: expensive, only suitable for certain locations

Active Solar heating requires Photovoltaic or solar cells which change sunlight directly into electricity

Nuclear Fission (nonrenewable)– splitting of unstable atoms like uranium & thorium, atomic bomb

http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/nuclear.html

Requires uranium, neutrons, reactorPros: No air pollution, Extremely efficient source of power; energy in 1lb uranium = 1500 tons of coalCons: radioactive waste, high start up & maintenance cost $$$, vulnerable to terrorist attacks

Chernobyl (1986)- worst nuclear power plant accident in world3-Mile Island (1979)- human error caused radiation leak

On 6 August 1945, “Little Boy" was detonated over Hiroshima. On 9 August, “Fat Man“ was exploded over Nagasaki

Pripyat

The hybrid car gas engine electric motortends to be the most energy efficient vehicles available today,

Electric requires: batteries, electricity, electric motor, transmission

Gasoline requires: fuel tank, gas, engine, transmission

Fuel cell vehicles – zero emissionsSubstantial technical hurdlesto producing, storing anddistributing hydrogen.

http://automobiles.honda.com/fcx-clarity/?from=fcx.honda.com

FYI Space shuttle Fueled with liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, oxygen andhydrogen are mixed together and ignited to make a very hot fire. The expanding gasesfrom that fire are what propel thespacecraft.

Biodieselvegetable oil

Pros Cons

•Domestically produced•Less air pollutants & greenhouse gases•Biodegradable•Can be used in most diesel engines

•Lower fuel economy More nitrogen oxide emissions•May not be suitable for use in low temperatures

Energy Conservation Practices

• Drive less: walk, ride bikes, carpool• Adjust thermostat (<68F); up in summer (>78 F)

• Turn it off when not in use (use power strips)

• Shorter showers• Compact fluorescent bulbs• Recycle• Eat locally-grown food• Buy long-lasting products

Incentive: gov. provides rebates, low interest loans, tax deductions when people environmentally friendly products

Regulation: Government restrictions on certain chemicals