Alteveer en Cranevelt, ArnhemEnergy Sustainable Community Design

Problem Defi nition

Design Concept

Energy Toolboxs for Neighborhoods Site Analysis for Alteveer en Cranevelt

Energy Energy shortage becomes more vital day by day. Enormous energy consumption requires more renewable energy supply and sustainable energy using.Climate Climate change is the most well known global problem we are facing now. All we do will have to be a lot of social and economic adaptation to climate change. The emission of greenhouse gases is claimed to be the main cause of climate change. The sustainable energy design is one of the main stretagy to ease the problem.Social Issues People's awareness is still low for the energy and climate issues we are dealing with now. Besides, how to adape this energy sustainable design into existing social system would be a key point.

Main QuestionHow to design an energy sustainable community based on remaining the landscape quality or even improve it?

Remaining & ImprovingProducing & Reducing

Problem Solving & Future Consideration

Energy Producing Toolbox

Solar Energy

Glasshouse

Wind Energy

Biomass

Energy Reducing Toolbox

� Solar energy is the easiest form of renewable energy to integrate into the fabric of a living area � It is a kind of source which is capable of providing a signifi cant amount of the necessary electricity, heat and hot water for the comfortable operation of a building over a year� Solar energy also gets high level of public acceptability which increase its feasibility� The technology support is pretty good for solar energy � It is a low maintenance technology(David Elliott, Sustainable Energy, 2007)

� The glasshouse of the future has a closed system, and it can achieve energy self-suffi ciency� Rest heat of the glasshouses could be used to heat houses in the near area� Multi-functional use -- combine the heat storage of glasshouse with extra solar panel to support the surroundings� Glasshouse is a good garden even in winter for residences, a wonderful shelter for outdoor activities in the cold period

� Wind turbines should be preferably placed on large buildings with a fl at roof� Deploy multiple turbines at the same location if possible� Give enough attention to the aesthetic aspects of the integration. The turbine needs to visually integrate well with the building and the area(Urban Autarkic, Alteier 2009 report phase 2)

� Combine with the urban agriculture area, personal gardens, glasshouses to grow biomass plants� Use existing foresty area, collect useful material for biomass cogenerator

Energy saving to reduce demand:� Space and water heating� Lighting� Electrical appliance energy use � Electric motors� Air conditioning

Wind Shelter -- use trees, high hedges, or other obstacles to protect buildings against the wind

Cool Air Flow -- provide the path for the cool air fl ow (the foresty area) or the valley breeze to cool down the houses in summer

Energy Sustainable Building Design -- e.g. passive solar housing, solar chimney convective cooling systems, rainscreen cladding, etc.

Energy Using Behavior -- avoiding standby power, better insulated fridges, advanced metering and behaviour change, etc.

Energy from Waste (EfW)

The ideal orientation of solar panels in the Netherlands

Multi-functional use of glasshouse

passive solar housing (passive solar design 2001)

Alteveer en Cranevelt

Introduction of Typologies

Energy Analysis

Map of City Region Arnhem-NijmegenThe neighborhood is located in the urban area of Arnhem

Population Statistics in 2009 (Alteveer en Cranevelt)There are 4,221 inhabitants in Alteveer en Cranevelt (2009). Also according to the number in previous years, the population is quite steady in this area. The biggest age group is from 40~65. This group of people in netherlands are very much motivated to recycle materials. They prefer biomass energy over windmills, and they need very quite environment. (mindscape, Alteier 2009 report phase 1)

(Source: http://arnhem.buurtmonitor.nl/quickstep/QsReport.aspx?report=kernwijk09&selcode=kerncijfers%20wijk%20-%20s156&geolevel=wijk&geoitem=9)

According to the building type, spatial characteristic, four typologies are defined, housing clusters, townhouses, solo houses and high towers.

Typology 1 Building Clusters Both of the building quality and landscape visual quality are very good here, especially the facade on the main road. They are neat and well maintain, all the small gardens in front of every househould create a dynamic environment.

Typology 3 Solo HousesThe solo houses are hiden in the woods. It is more private and quite area. They have good natural conditions and also have more fl exibility.

Typology 4 High TowersThere are some high towers in this area. The highest one has 12 fl oors, the lower one also has 9 fl oors.

Typology 2 Town HousesThe town houses have very green surrounds. All the houses have flat roofs, and they all have slightly high differents. The south ones are lower than the north.

Google Map of Arnhem CityAlteveer en Cranevelt is located in th north of Arnhem city center. On the west is the big city park Sonsbeek, which gives the area quite foresty environment. It is wedged between the A12 highway, public attractions Burgers' Zoo and both Dutch Open Air Museum.

Historical Map of Arnhem (1942) This neighborhood was building in the thirties of the last century which is mainly a green area. The quality of the houses from that period is very good.

Landuse map of Alteveer en CranveltMost of the lands are housing area. And there is also big area for the forest and other green area. There is a hospital in the south, a big cemetery in the east.

Income per househould in ArnhemThe income in this neighborhood is quite high, more than 21,000 per househould.

Design Area Analysis for different type of roofs, about flat roof or pitched roof and also the orientation of the roofs which will influence the design for the solar panels.

Analysis for different ownerships of the housing, which is relevant to the selection of using different energy tools.

Energy

Climate SocialIssues

Typology 1 Typology 2

Integrated Design Conclusion

Typology 3 Typology 4

Option 1 Design Principle Design Principle Design Principle Design Principle� remain all the existing constructure (storage houses, garage, etc. )� put solar panel on the roof of the house and other constructures • the roof has a good orientation (see the analysis map for roofs) and is not shaded too much • the roof is facing the backyard but not facing the main streets (to maintain the visual quality of the street) • make the panel parallel to the pitched roof, if it is fl at roof, make the panel directly face south and have an angle of 36 degree� remove one tree which shade the roof too much

� design a glasshouse in the garden for each household, also a corridor which connects the back door and the glasshouse� put solar panels on the roof of the house and the north part of glasshouse, make them directly face south and have an angle of 36 degree� move some trees, keep the area in the south of the glasshouse empty, at least 15m away from them� keep the surface of woods area empty (tall trees, but no low shrubs), let the cool air fl ow through (the cool air is heavy, which will fl ow next to the ground)

� apply solar panel on some of the roofs which have good orientation, make the panel parallel to the pitched roof, if it is fl at roof, make the panel directly face south and have an angle of 36 degree� reconstruct some part of the house into glasshouse (see example 1 and 2), or build an extra on in the south (see example 2)� use as many big windows as possible, to achieve the natural lighting as much as possible� surround the house with tree fence, save at least 15m away from the south of the house; remove some shrubs underneath the trees

� As well known, there is a large amount of energy wasted during the transportation. It would be more effective to solve the energy problem in a smaller scale rather than the centralized energy production.

� A bottom-up process is very essential as well as a top-down plan.

� Solar technologies offer the opportunity for: • energy awareness training of househoulds • reduced energy running costs of homes and carbon emissions from them • community level environmental campaigns building group resilience and preparedness for climate and energy price changes • the taking of responsibility for emissions at an individual and local level

� Take into account the social situation is important for a neighborhood scale design, and it will be the key point to decide if the design can be realize or not. Sometimes, give different possible options will help to increase the fl exibility.

� People's awareness and supporting attitude are vital especially in this kind of design scale. � Energy landscape design is not just applying technologies, but also need to consider the landscape quality itself. To achieve as much as possible energy sustainable likewise keeping the quality of living environment is a better solution.

� apply solar panel on the roof, make sure each row of panel won't shade the others, make the panel directly face south and have an angle of 36 degree � attach solar panel on the wall of the balcony in the southern part of the tower� put one row of wind turbine on the roof (6m<h< 12m)� use the rainscreen on the top of window, which can put down in the summer and also can put up during the winter (passive solar design)

Design Perspective View -- Option 1

Design Perspective View

Design Perspective View -- Option 2 Design Perspective View (After) Design Perspective View (After) -- Example 2

Design Perspective View (After) -- Example 1

Design Perspective View (After)

Design Perspective View (Before)

Design Perspective View (After)

Design Perspective View (Before) -- Example 1 Design Perspective View (Before)

Design Perspective View (Before)

Design Perspective View (Before) -- Example 2

Option 2 Design Principle� keep the existing constructure (storage houses, garage, etc. ) as much as possible, reconstruct some of them into glasshouses� put solar panel on the roof of the house and the glasshouses • the roof has a good orientation (see the analysis map for roofs) and is not shaded too much • the roof is facing the backyard but not facing the main streets (to maintain the visual quality of the street) • make the panel parallel to the pitched roof, if it is fl at roof, make the panel directly face south and have an angle of 36 degree • put solar panel on the northern part of the roof of glasshouse

Jiang Wen, Alteier 2009, Wageningen University