energy storage: a potential game changer and enabler for

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Energy storage: a potential game changer and enabler for meeting our future energy needs?

Phil Proctor – Energy Storage and Distribution Programme [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


ETI technology programme areas

4.

ETI Members

We are actively seeking member and partnership opportunities with industry


Source: DECC (2013)


Energy system transitions(illustrative examples)

2012

Source: DECC (2013)


Energy system transitions(illustrative examples)

2012

2050

Source: DECC (2013)

Source: ESME (2013)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,00012,00014,00016,000

Dem

and (

GW

)

Half hours

Low grade heat

What are the challenges facing networks?

• Greater electrification

• More renewable generation

• Changing primary fuel mix

• Changing variation in energy usage

• Meeting peak requirements

• Low carbon heat delivery to homes

Source: UKERC (2011)


Changes to space heating?

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2010 (Historic)2020 2030 2040 2050

TW

h

Space Heat Production


Storage solutions for balancing generation and demand

0.00E+00

1.00E+02

2.00E+02

3.00E+02

4.00E+02

5.00E+02

6.00E+02

2010 (Historic) 2020 2030 2040 2050

Storage Solutions (GWh availability)

PumpedStorage ofElectricity

CompressedAir Storageof Electricity

BatteryStorage ofElectricity

GeologicalStorage ofHydrogen

BuildingSpace HeatStorage


Services at all network levels

Generation

Plant efficiency

Grid system regulations – response and

reserves

Grid balancing and system levelling

Capital deferral

Transmission and Distribution

Congestion relief and capital deferral

Reliability

Black start

Capacity factor for renewable sources

Seasonal heat storage

District CHP decoupling

Network loss reduction

End-use & retail

Plug-in vehicle integration

End user security

Time shifting supply-demand/arbitrage to

reduce bills

Community and domestic ‘off grid’

supplies

Heat storage


A range of technology solutions

GW1

MW100

MW10

100 kW

Microsecond Second Minute Day Week Month

10 kW

kW1

Dischargeduration

Electricity-onlyapplications Thermal-onlyapplications Electricityandthermalapplications

Demand

shifting

andpeak

reduction

Arbitrage

Seasonalstorage

Voltage

support

Hour

Spinningand

non-spinning

reserve

Load

following

1 MW

Waste

Variable

supply

resource

integration

Combinedheatpower

Source. IEA Technology Roadmap Energy Storage 2014

kW1 kW10 kW100 MW1 MW10 100MW GW1

Reserve & ResponseServices

Transmission & DistributionGrid Support

Bulk PowerManagement

KEYTypes of Storage

Hydrogen-related

Mechanical

Electrochemical

Electrical

ThermalHigh-Power SupercapacitorsSuper Conducting

Magnetic Energy Storage

Flywheels

Nickel Metal Hydride Battery

Nickel Cadium Battery

Lead Acid Battery

Li-ion Battery

High-Energy

Supercapacitors

Advanced Lead-Acid Battery

Sodium-Sulphur Battery

Flow Batteries

Cryogenic Energy Storage

Compressed Air

Energy Storage

Hydrogen & Fuel Cells

Pumped Hydro

Power Storage

Source. Pathways for Energy Storage in the UK, Cemte for Low Carbon Futures 2012


Electricity storage services and configurations


Energy Storage (Isentropic)

Project Partners

Pumped Heat Electricity Storage

• Distribution Scale

• Electrical energy to heat and cold in reversible

process

• Inert gas system – no chemical handling

• System range 700kW – 6MW

• Multiple storage services capability

• £400/kW, £45/kWh


Large Scale Heat Storage

Project Partners

• 10% current UK gas fired heat viable rising to

approximately 44% depending on future energy

pricing

• Medium heat extraction from large plant most

efficient – 120 degrees C

• Could improve thermal plant efficiency (typically

35-55%) to approximately 80%

• Flexibility provided through decoupling electricity

and heat generation

• Seasonal storage capability


Technology Readiness

Flywheel(highspeed)Lithium-basedbatteries

Icestorage

Currentmaturitylevel

ThermalstorageElectricitystorage

Researchanddevelopment Demonstrationanddeployment Commercialisation

Thermochemical

Residentialhotwater

heaterswithstorage

Moltensalt

Pitstorage

Undergroundthermal

energystorage(UTES)

Coldwaterstorage

PumpedStorageHydropower(PSH)

Compressedairenergystorage(CAES)

Syntheticnaturalgas

Hydrogen

AdiabaticCAES

Superconductingmagnetic

energystorage(SMES)Supercapacitor

Flowbatteries

Flywheel(lowspeed)

Sodium-sulphur(NaS)batteries

Source. IEA Technology Roadmap Energy Storage 2014


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