energy star lessons from the u.s. on building energy efficiency
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY STAR Lessons from the U.S. on Building Energy Efficiency. Anna Stark AIT Science Fellow U.S. EPA, ENERGY STAR Buildings Presented to TEPA Oct. 2009. 3 Take Away Points. Existing Buildings = Opportunities to reduce carbon NOW Benchmark , Benchmark, Benchmark! - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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ENERGY STAR
Lessons from the U.S. on Building Energy Efficiency
Anna Stark AIT Science Fellow
U.S. EPA, ENERGY STAR Buildings Presented to TEPA
Oct. 2009
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3 Take Away Points
• Existing Buildings = Opportunities to reduce carbon NOW
• Benchmark, Benchmark, Benchmark!
• A “green” building isn’t necessarily energy efficient. Remember the importance of operations & maintenance.
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• Voluntary climate protection partnership with EPA
• Strategic approach to energy management, promoting energy efficient products and practices
• Helps organizations save money and protect the environment
• Influential brand recognized by over 75% of Americans
What is ENERGY STAR?
www.energystar.gov
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Overview of EPA
Office of the Administrator
Solid WasteAir & Radiation
WaterPesticides & Toxic Substances
Climate Protection Partnerships Division
(CPPD)
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EPA’s Voluntary Programs: Resources to Help Achieve Your “Green” Goals
Energy/
Climate Water Solid Waste
Products Education
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ENERGY STAR Products, …..but did you know….
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ENERGY STARCommercial Buildings
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Take Away Point #1
• Existing Buildings = Opportunities to reduce carbon NOW
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Why Focus on Existing Buildings?
• Commercial buildings and industrial facilities generate about 50 percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions (more than transportation).
• On average, 30 percent of energy consumed in commercial and industrial buildings is wasted.
• Reductions of 10 percent or more in energy use can be possible with little or no cost.
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Why Focus on Existing Buildings?
• Energy consumption is one of the single largest controllable costs
• Financial returns from efficiency efforts can be leveraged for future “green” investments
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Why Focus on Existing Buildings?
Source: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/comm_real_estate/downloads/BOMAKingsleyNewsletter.pdf
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Take Away Point #2
• Benchmark, Benchmark, Benchmark!
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Value of Benchmarking
A benchmark is a point of reference from which to make comparisons
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Portfolio Manager
• Free on-line benchmarking tool for all buildings• Track energy use
– Weather normalized source EUI– National average comparisons – Comparison to custom baselines– Energy performance ratings (for selected spaces)
• Track energy costs• Track carbon emissions • Track water consumption• Customized dashboard and data sharing• Apply for ENERGY STAR recognition
www.energystar.gov/benchmark
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How do your buildings compare to others?
In the past, a standardized, comparable metric of whole building energy performance did not exist
EPA introduced the Energy Performance Rating System to meet this need
Assessing Energy Performance
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National Energy Performance Rating System
Energy Performance
Rating
(1 – 100)
Is 10 MPG high or low for this automobile?
Is 90 kBtu/SF/YR high or low for this building?
Fuel Efficiency
(MPG)
16
≥ 75
a standardized, comparable metric of whole building energy performance
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Benchmarking – The Key to Energy Savings in Buildings
Benchmarking through ENERGY STAR allows you to:
• Track cost, energy, water, and greenhouse gas emissions savings
• Compare one building against a national sample of similar buildings
• Compare all of your buildings of a similar type to each other
• Set priorities and better plan for investments in upgrade efforts and retrofits
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Building Rating - Technical Foundation
• Use billed energy data– Specific technology does not guarantee good
performance– Must monitor energy data over time
• National survey data – For fair peer group comparison need statistically
representative data set of US Commercial Buildings– Energy Information Administration’s Commercial Building
Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)
• Compare Similar Buildings– Perform analysis based on primary building activity (i.e.
Office, Retail, School)
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Building Rating – Technical Foundation
• Normalize for Operating Characteristics – adjust for characteristics that cannot be controlled by the
owner (e.g., Operating hours, occupant density, weather)
– do not adjust for characteristics that can be controlled by the owner (e.g., type of lighting technology used)
• Create 1 to 100 scoring range• Award top performers
– Buildings with a rating of 75 or higher can earn a label
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Benchmarking and Labeling Activity Gain Momentum
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Voluntary Efforts
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ENERGY STAR Partners
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ENERGY STAR Partner Associations
• Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA)• CoStar (Commercial Building Multiple Listing Service)• American Hotel and Lodging Association (AH&LA)• National Automobile Dealers Association (NADA) • American Society of Healthcare Engineers (ASHE)• US Conference of Mayors • National Association of Counties (NACo) • International Community Bankers Association (ICBA)• National Association of Evangelicals (NAE)• National Small Business Association (NSBA)• American Bar Association (ABA)
. . . and many more.
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An energy management contest open to ALL Louisville commercial buildings (including commercial real estate, health care, K-12, hospitality, etc.)
Participants benchmark in Portfolio ManagerAwards for:
Greatest Improvement in Efficiency Most Efficient Building with the highest overall efficiency ratingsThe Kilowatt Cup recognizing superior achievements in energy management
Louisville Kilowatt Crackdown
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Legislative Efforts
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Legislative ResponseLocal Legislation
• Borough of West Chester, PA: Borough Ordinance• District of Columbia: Clean & Affordable Energy Act of 2008 – (public disclosure)• City of Denver, CO: Executive Order 123 - (new construction)• City of Austin: Ordinance – (public disclosure)• New York City [PENDING] – (public disclosure)
State Legislation• State of CA: AB 1103, 2007 – (public disclosure)• State of IL: SJ 27, 2007• State of MI: EO 2005-4, 2005• State of MN: Next Generation Energy Act, 2007• State of OH: EO 2007-02• State of VA: EO 48, 2007• State of WA: State Bill 5854 - 2009-10 – (public disclosure)
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New Trend: Public Disclosure of Environmental Performance
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Washington, D.C. – Benchmarking and Disclosure for Existing Commercial Buildings
Clean and Affordable Energy Act of 2008
Beginning in 2010, requires eligible privately-owned commercial buildings be benchmarked using Portfolio Manager on an annual basis.
Energy performance results will be published on a publicly available online database.
More at:http://www.dccouncil.washington.dc.us/images/00001/20080819161530.pdf
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California – ENERGY STAR Disclosure During Commercial Real Estate Transactions
Assembly Bill (AB) 1103 By January 1, 2009, requires all utilities to make
available data for uploading into Portfolio Manager upon the request of any commercial building owner.
By January 1, 2010, requires the disclosure of an ENERGY STAR rating and energy use data as part of commercial real estate transactions involving the sale, lease, or financing of a whole building.
More at:http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/07-08/bill/asm/ab_1101-1150/
ab_1103_bill_20071012_chaptered.pdf
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New York City – Proposed Benchmarking and Disclosure for Existing Commercial Buildings
Proposed Int. No. 476-A (Introduced to City Council on April 22, 2009)
Would require eligible privately owned buildings over 50,000 gross square feet of built area and all municipal buildings greater than 10,000 gross square feet to benchmark in Portfolio Manager.
Energy performance results to be published on a publicly available online database in 2011 for City buildings, 2012 for private non-residential buildings, and 2013 for multi-family buildings.
More at: www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/html/plan/buildings_plan.shtml
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The Power of Information
• December 2008 EPA Workshop– Help policy-makers understand the power of energy efficiency
information to motivate
• Discussion/ Findings – Huge potential for cost-effective energy efficiency is substantial
across the national building stock – Better information on how much energy buildings use and how
buildings compare to one another is critical to fulfilling this potential
– The use of building-level energy use information as an effective energy management tool is growing
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Findings continued – Simple, comparable energy performance benchmarks for
commercial buildings can be powerful motivators for change, leading to substantial energy efficiency improvements within public and private organizations.
– A growing number of local and state governments are addressing the existing building stock by calling on commercial building owners/operators to benchmark the energy performance of their buildings and make the results available to the public and/or upon sale or lease of the building.
– Easy-to-understand, broad metrics should be the first layer of information for all stakeholders, regardless of where/when this information is available (e.g., building lobby, Web site, upon sale or lease of the building).
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New! Certificate for Display
– In addition to existing Statement of Energy Performance report
– Other disclosure efforts on way in the US (LEED, ASHRAE, public web sites)
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Canada Adopts Portfolio Manager
• Canada is an International ENERGY STAR Partner
• Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) announced it will adopt Portfolio Manager as platform for Canadian building labeling
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Take Away Point #3
• A “green” building isn’t necessarily energy efficient. Remember the importance of operations & maintenance.
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Elements for Energy Efficiency
• Good Design– Set an energy target– Right size building systems– Tight envelope– Controls and metering– Smart choice of green attributes
• Quality Construction
• Commissioning
• Proper building energy management!
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ENERGY STAR Rating for LEED Certified Buildings
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Operations and Maintenance Matters!
1900 K Street, Washington DC
New Construction (1996) with energy efficiency in mind but oversized equipment
EPA Rating In 1999 32 In 2006 78
Harnessed building automation systems to improve efficiency VFDs on chillers to match measure demand Improved operating standards – static pressure set points Continuous tracking of energy use using EPA’s rating system Improvements to lighting systems
Savings reflect synergy between building technology and energy management practices
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3 Take Away Points
• Existing Buildings = Opportunities to reduce carbon NOW
• Benchmark, Benchmark, Benchmark!
• A “green” building isn’t necessarily energy efficient. Remember the importance of operations & maintenance.
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Science Fellow at the American Institute in Taiwan through Nov. 13th
Anna StarkProgram Manager
ENERGY STAR Commercial Property Markets
Climate Protection Partnerships Division, US EPA
(202) 343-9184
Visit www.energystar.gov for more information
Contact Information
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Open Discussion about Taiwan and US Green Building Efforts
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APPENDIX
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Inputs to Portfolio Manager
• Portfolio Manager provides a platform for regular tracking of key utility information
• Energy – Monthly energy bills– 19+ fuel types
• Water– Monthly water consumption
• Energy Cost– Monthly energy cost
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Outputs
• Portfolio Manager converts raw monthly data into useful parameters that can be tracked monthly, quarterly, or annually
• Available Metrics:– Site Energy
• Energy usage reported on utility bills• Annual total and annual intensity (per square foot)
– Source Energy• Total primary fuel consumption• Annual total and annual intensity (per square foot) • Separate weather-normalized value accounts for deviations from the
30 year average conditions
– ENERGY STAR Rating• 1 to 100 rating scale for select buildings types• Percentile of performance relative to the US Commercial Building
Population
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Outputs
• Available Metrics (con’t)– GHG Emissions
• Direct, indirect, and total emissions
• Reported in metric tons CO2 equivalent
– Water Consumption• Annual total and annual intensity (per square foot)• Separate totals for indoor and outdoor use
– Energy Cost• Total energy cost and cost per square foot
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Value
• Track the performance of a single building– Update energy, water, and cost information regularly– Evaluate changes from one period to the next– Set targets for improvement
• Compare buildings within an organization– Enter all buildings into Portfolio Manager– Use “My Portfolio View” to track metrics at all facilities
simultaneously– Set goals for improvement– Target investment based on relative performance
• Compare buildings with others– Share facilities with partner organizations or associations
• Electronic sharing features– Use the energy performance ratings (where available) for
comparison with the US commercial building population
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Limitations
• Metric Units– Predominately US units
• Some metric units are available
– Intensities are reported on a per square foot basis (not square meter)
• Emissions– Indirect emissions are based on US electrical grid
• These will not be accurate for other countries
– Direct emissions are based on standard combustion and equipment efficiencies
• These will be fairly accurate for all users
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Limitations
• Source Energy– Source energy conversions are based on the US electric grid
and US domestic natural gas production and consumption figures
– Source energy will not provided an accurate assessment of primary fuel consumption in other countries
• Weather Stations– There is a limited set of weather stations outside the US,
presented in a pick list of countries in Portfolio Manager– Buildings located outside of these cities will not have accurate
weather data • This is a limitation for the rating and for the weather normalized
fields
– There is no impact to tracking of energy, cost, and water
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Limitations
• Rating– The rating is based on the US Building population– Comparison may be impacted by regional practices
• Country with different standards may be systematically better or worse (rate high or low)
– Comparison is acceptable as a reference but source energy values are based on the US commercial production and consumption
• Values do not show the true primary fuel consumption, but the primary fuel consumption if the building were located in the US
– Weather adjustments• Buildings located outside of cities in Portfolio Manager will not
have accurate weather data• Weather adjustments in the model are based on US building
performance– May be systematic difference in buildings located in different
regions of the world
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Findings from Disclosure Workshop
• Final report posted at http://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/downloads/2009_EPA_Power_of_Information_Report.pdf