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A d vA n c e d s y s t e m t e c h n o l o g y A s t

smart grids:innovation study Pellworm Background

Already today, the North Sea Island

Pellworm stands for a potential energy mix

of the future. While the local decentralized

systems generate more than 22 million

kWh of electricity a year, the bare 1200

islanders use only 7 million kWh. The popu-

lation on the North Sea Island is committed

to renewable energy for decades: As early

as 1983 the hybrid power plant was built

in Pellworm, at that time it was the largest

of its kind in Europe. Despite the large

number of decentralised energy producers,

the power link to the mainland continues

to be essential, on the one hand, for

balancing the local surpluses, on the other,

for importing energy from the mainland in

certain time periods if needed.

the innovation study

Identifying the implementation potential of

Smart Grids on the island of Pellworm was

the main objective of the innovation study.

Therefore not only the technical conditions

(power requirements and generation,

constraints, options for energy storage)

were analyzed, but also the acceptance of

the citizens and technological components

available on the market were scrutinized.

The results showed that a combination of

central energy storage and a more flexible

load management could reduce the energy

procurement from the mainland up to

90 percent. The innovation study was

conducted by a cooperation between the

E.ON Hanse AG, the Schleswig-Holstein

Netz AG, the Westcoast University of

Applied Sciences, Germany, the centre of

excellence for wind energy (CEwind) and

the Fraunhofer AST. The Innovationsstiftung

Schleswig-Holstein supported this study.

Advanced system technology

Am Vogelherd 50

98693 Ilmenau, Germany

Person to contact:

Dr Peter Bretschneider

Phone +49 3677 461-102

[email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Steffen Nicolai

Phone +49 3677 461-112

[email protected]

www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

1 Hybrid power plant Pellworm

1

1 2

Results

With an installed capacity of around 9 MW, Pellworm produces almost three times of electricity per year, which is required by the local consumers in the same period of time.

The high proportion of electric heatings, which corresponds to approximately 10 percent of the annual power consump-tion, is appropriate for usage as flexible load (DSM, Demand side management).

More than 75 percent of the population showed open-mindedness towards the idea of renewable energy and the expansion of the electricity grid.

The development of the infrastructure (information and communication technologies used in homes, automation technology for more than 50 local network stations) is mandatory for the implementation of a Smart Grid.

Due to the implementation of a Smart Grid, the network structure in Pellworm and the upstream electricity grids may be relieved.

Recommendations

As part of a first step, the establishment of a Core-Smart-Grid is recommen-ded, which comprises the information and communication technology, an energy storage device with moderate size, the hybrid power plant and the integration of electric storage heaters for a load management.

The specification and implementation of the Core-Smart-Grid should be perfor-med in close consultation with system and component suppliers, because information about standardization, engineering standards and practical experiences are limited for a real Smart Grid.

The gradual implementation increases the investment security, as gained experiences and future developments (e.g. standardizations) are taken into consideration.

Subsequently the Core-Smart-Grid may be extended to a Full-Smart-Grid by implementing further controllable energy generators, storage systems and loads.

Pellworm provides a suitable platform for responding key issues in the future energy supply with its structure of elec-tricity generation and the information obtained in the study.

Project funding and support

Project partners and initiators

2 Flow chart showing the implemen-

tation of a Full-Smart-Grid in Pell-

worm2

Energy engineering_Research-Platform-Smart-Grids.pdf

a d va n c e d s y s t e m t e c h n o l o g y a s t

ReseaRch platfoRmsmaRt gRids

the challenge

In consequence of the increasing share

of fluctuating power supply from wind or

solar power, distribution system operators

have to handle major challenges. Already

today regional power shortages appear

in certain regions of Germany. In order to

ensure the security of the energy supply,

including a further increase in the share of

renewable energy sources, smart grids have

the potential to achieve these ambitious

requirements. In such a grid, previously

individual components such as generation

units, consumers and (in the future) energy

storages, are linked by a digital SCADA

system, which enables an optimal holistic

interaction. With the Research Platform

Smart Grids, the Fraunhofer AST is able

to perform versatile investigations on such

a smart energy grid. Thereby different

scenarios like active demand control using

energy storages, the autonomous isolated

operation mode, but also the impact of

electromobility on the distribution grids can

be investigated.

advanced system technology

Am Vogelherd 50


Person to contact:


Phone +49 3677 461-102

[email protected]


Phone +49 3677 461-112

[email protected]


1

1 Electric car

2 Weather data station

3 Vanadium redox battery

4 Solar tracker

2 3 4

1 2

Research

The Research Platform Smart Grids provi-

des the infrastructure to a number of R&D

projects in reference to smart energy sys-

tems. It consists of the ICT-Energy-Lab and

the energy park constructed in 2009. Both

are the core for the future development

of IT solutions for transmission and distri-

bution grid operators, in particular energy

management systems as well as forecasting

and optimization tools. Numerous research

projects, such as eTelligence, RESIDENS

or the Fraunhofer System Research for

Electromobility FSEM, using the Research

platform Smart Grids. It consists on

several distributed energy generation units.

These include a vertical-axis wind turbine

(20 kW) as well as solar trackers and fixed

photovoltaic systems (18 kWp). In addition,

the research platform has two different

energy storage systems. A vanadium redox

battery with a

Features

Vertical-axis wind turbine: 20 kW Solar trackers: 10 kWp Photovoltaic systems: 8 kWp Heat pump: 10 kWth Vanadium redox battery: 100 kWh

storage capacity

Two flywheel energy storages with 10 resp. 15 kW power output

Two electric cars (8.2 kWh storage capacity)

Flexible, programmable AC load Fully digital control system Weather data station Flexible consumers: washing machine,

dishwasher, upright freezer, dryer

Selective: grid-connected operation mode and isolated operation mode

Control access link to the ICT-Energy-Lab

capacity of 100 kWh (medium term) and

two short term flywheel energy storages

along with 25 kW power output. The Re-

search Platform Smart Grids is completed

by two electric cars, smart white goods

and a heat pump with 10 kW thermal po-

wer. Concerning to the control devices, all

components are linked with the ICT-Energy-

Lab IT-network, which provides several

tools of automatic data acquisition. In order

that, future energy market requirements

and processes such as energy prediction

and energy optimization, accounting grid

management, virtual power plants,

smart metering and demand side

management can be investigated. Further-

more, phasor measurement units (PMUs)

are used to observe the grid status, which

allows the scientists to reach conclusions

about the load flows within the distribution

grid.

1 Core of the Research Platform

Smart Grids is a vanadium redox

battery with 100 kWh storage ca-

pacity

2 Depending on the energy ge-

neration, current consumer can be

connected or disconnected

3 Generation units, consumers

and energy storages are intercon-

nected by a full digital control

system

1

2 3

Energy engineering_Smart_Region_Pellworm.pdf

A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T

INTELLIGENT DISTRIBUTION GRID & ENERGY STORAGE: SMART REGION PELLWORM

Initial Position

The policy objectives of the energy transition

in Germany are very ambitious: thus, 80 per-

cent of the electricity power needs by 2050

should come from renewable energy sour-

ces. The North Sea island Pellworm already

reached this value and is therefore a suitable

place as a pilot region for a power system

with energy storages and an extremely high

proportion of distributed power generation

from biomass, photovoltaics and wind.

All these components need a sophisticated

control and management system connec-

ting distributed generation, energy storages

and a flexible demand. In addition, cross-

disciplinary topics such as heat generation

can continue to play an important role.

Goals

The aim of the project Smart Region

Pellworm includes as a central element

the building up and operation of such a

smart grid. Hybrid storage is used to map

the different fields of applicationof storage

systems. In addition to two stationary

storage facilities with different technologies

(li-ion battery and redox-fl ow battery) there

are also unidirectional storage systems, e.g.

electric storage stoves, heat pumps, and the

biogas plant on the island.

Within the framework of this project com-

prehensive analysis of present and future

business models of hybrid storage systems

are performed for market, grid and local

supply.

The experience gained during realization

and operation should feed into the analysis

of transferability of the Pellworm approach

to other distribution grids and the investiga-

tion of business models.

1 hybrid power plant Pellworm

Advanced System Technology AST

Am Vogelherd 50


Department Energy:


Phone +49 3677 461-112

[email protected]


1

Realization

The task of Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced Sys-

tem Technology (AST) includes the question

of the optimal operational management of

hybrid storage systems for various use cases.

Therefore an extensive analysis of measure-

ment data of the energy system is being

conducted, and all relevant electric and

thermic components are being modelled

and integrated in optimization models of

the particular operational management

strategies.

Based on examined business models all

objective functions of the operational ma-

nagement will be created. Thereby, both

financial and technical restrictions of the

energy system must be regarded, including

data of customers and feed-in, current grid

condition and also exogenous influencing,

such as meteorological data and special

conditions, such as feed-in management. A

special challenge is the combination of dif-

ferent, partly opposing objective functions

for operational management. Mapping of

various chronological levels of operational

management is possible because of a multi-

stage optimization approach.

The core of the operational management

solution is the energy management system

EMS-EDM PROPHET. Here the imple-

mentation of the operational management

strategies in the form of optimization

models takes place. During the startup

phase the basic functions of the operational

management solution are tested. These

functions build the basis for the complex

operational management strategies in the

demonstration phase.

Evaluation

Evaluation of relevant parameters of the

energy system, with and without being

actively influenced by the operational ma-

nagement strategies, provides an essential

statement of functionality of the operational

management strategy. Through different

scenarios the operational management was

evaluated using quality factors. The presen-

tation of all proportionate influences of the

requirements of the business models and

the speci fi cations of the grid management

attracts special attention during the analysis.

Another main focus of the analysis will be

the detailed view on the behavior of the

complete system in special situations.

Project Partner

E.ON Hanse AG (consortium manager)

Gustav Klein GmbH Fraunhofer Institut AST und UMSICHT Fachhochschule Westkste RWTH Aachen IFHT Saft Batterien GmbH Schleswig-Holstein Netz AG

2

2 integrated energy

management system in real

market framework

Energy management_Fraunhofer-System-Research-for-Electromobility.pdf


SYSTEM RESEARCH E-MOBILITY:

GRID INTEGRATION AND

ENERGY BUSINESS PROSPECTS The challenge

Whether currently electric distribution

grids are designed for a simultaneous

consumption by electricity consumers and

the additional E-Mobility, particularly within

cities and towns, is not yet adequately

researched. The performance of these dis-

tribution grids could be exceeding through

parallel charging processes of such electric

vehicles (e.g. closing time). Consequently,

network operators of these regions have

to choose between a network expansion

of the distribution grid or a smart charging

management. Using such a controllable,

load-dependent charging process, an

additional sharing of information between

the market actors (grid operator, trader,

charging station operator) could be

necessary.

Within Fraunhofer System Research for

Electromobility FSEM, the Fraunhofer AST

investigates the requirements of the grid

integration of E-Mobility, identifies the

involved market players and researches the

relevant power economy aspects regarding

to communication processes. Under the

perspective of cost-effectiveness, possible

value-added services of the vehicle energy

storage, considering the infrastructure

requirements (battery-charging station,

billing, distribution grid expansion), are

evaluated.

Advanced System Technology

Am Vogelherd 50


Person to contact:

Dr.-Ing. Peter Bretschneider

Phone +49 3677 461-102

[email protected]

Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Inf. Oliver Warweg

Phone +49 3677 416-111

[email protected]


founded by:

1 2

Research

Grid integration of E-MobilityIn the first step, a wide-range requirements

review of E-Mobility regarding to the

public power supply is made. Based on a

model-based grid simulation, smart control

concepts of the system management are

designed. The electrical storage potentials

of the vehicle battery (peak load balancing)

are also taking into account.

Power economics and regulatory perspectives

Based on current energy directives and the

result of the requirements review, concepts

of different charging and discharging

processes are arranged (see also figure

1). Thereby, the main market players are

identified, which are connected with an

optimal grid operational management (e.g.

avoiding an expensive grid expansion).

Further analysis are dealing with the requi-

red technologies such as smart metering or

energy demand management.

Individual traffic with electricityIn the co-operative project Fraunhofer

System Research for Electromobility FSEM,

over 30 Fraunhofer institues develops alter-

native transportation systems. The aim are

prototypes for hybrid and electric vehicles

and supporting the German automotive

industry in the new field of E-Mobility.

The German Federal Ministry of Education

and Research supports the project with a

amount of 44 million from the German

stimulus packages I and II.

Business modelsIn a third step and in collaboration with

Fraunhofer ISI and Fraunhofer UMSICHT,

a reference model for the evaluation of

business models and several E-Mobility

scenarios is developed. This model

considers the acquisition costs, services,

charging stations, infrastructure and

payback periods amongst others, which is

the basis to generate innovative business

models relating to the grid operators and

considering the expected market grew of

E-Mobility.

1 Possible ICT connection, roles

and responsibilities

Energy management_RESIDENS.pdf

A d vA n c e d S y S t e m t e c h n o l o g y A S t

RESIDENS: SmaRt-mEtERINg IN pRactISE the challenge

Electronic meters - also known as

smart meters - are considered as

technically appropriate devices to disclose

large-scale energy efficiency potentials

for individual households. Whereas as

today, the consumer has little knowledge

of energy consumption, smart metering

provides the end user with much more

accurate information about her own energy

consumption, enabling a more deliberate

use of energy. Furthermore, with smart

metering, flexible tariffs, such as load-

dependent tariffs can be established on a

monthly or quarterly basis. The potential

impact on energy producers, energy service

providers, energy grid operators and the

end customers in a final step, are subject

of the RESIDENS-Project (Research project

for more efficient energy usage by system

orientated integration of end consumers)

founded by the Thringer Ministerium fr

Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur.

Following an interdisciplinary approach

which takes into account of the grid per-

spective as a technical system, the energy

procurement and billing processes as well

as end users as electrical loads implying

individual attitudes and behaviors. The

core element of consumer communication

is an interactive web interface which

provides detailed information to the end

user, like the current tariff, the total energy

consumption and individual consumption

characteristics. Additionally, comparisons

with the previous day, month or even the

last year can also be obtained. Therefore,

up to 200 test persons are scheduled

which will be equipped with appropriate

metering technology and flexible tariffs in

the distribution grid of Stadtwerke Ilmenau

GmbH.

Advanced System technology

Am Vogelherd 50


Person to contact:


Phone +49 3677 461-102

[email protected]


Phone +49 3677 416-111

[email protected]


www.residens-projekt.de

1 2

objectives

Design and implementation of an IT ap-proach to involve smart metering in real energy distribution and data exchange processes

Optimal integration of smart metering data in the energy data management under consideration of energy manage-ment and energy trading

Optimization of the feedback system, involving all relevant players in the de-regulated electricity market, particulary energy suppliers and end users

Design and practical implementation of optimization models managing the energy demand considering fluctuating energy supply by end user and energy demand management to minimize balancing energy and excess quantity/shortage in quantity

Initiator and partners

Advanced System Technology AST Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media

Technology IDMT

Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institut fr Energiewirtschaftsrecht

Ilmenau University of Technology Stadtwerke Ilmenau GmbH

Development and testing of an opera-tional management affecting the end user motivation, considering the energy market

Design and implementation of a control system concept recombining a simultaneous integration of wind energy and the energy supply of the end user including the energy market

Analysis of reliability and bandwidth requirements using smart metering to afford end-user-orientated balancing

energy minimization

Web interface of the smart meter client

Energy management_sMobiliTy.pdf


sMobiliTy: INTELLIGENT LOAD- AND CHARGING MANAGEMENT FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

The Task

The general idea behind the project Smart

Mobility Thringen is the development of

a cloud-based system and service platform

for electric mobility.

The innovative ICT platform concept

connects existing systems with new

additional functionalities over a cloud.

Those systems consist of an energy efficient

navigation and an intelligent load and

energy management system.The new

applications will be demonstrated within

field tests sMobiliTy City Erfurt and

sMobiliTy Power Management.

The Target

The aim of the AST managed sub-project

iLLMAN, is the conception and

implementation of a software solution for

realizing various approaches of controlled

charging of electric vehicles by using the

sMobiliTy-Cloud functions.

Part of it will be the long wave radio

technology for the controlling of the charge

process. The solution investigates, whether

the technological approach is cost efficient

or not. The rudiments will be practically

proven in the field test and evaluated with

deterministic and probabilistic simulations.

This is the foundation of the analysis,

assessment and further development of

existing market concepts, methods of local

load and feeding forecast and techniques

to optimize the grid management and the

balancing group management.


Am Vogelherd 50


Department Energy:


Telefon +49 3677 461-111

[email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Arnoldt

Telefon +49 3677 461-183

[email protected]


martSMobili yThringen1

Realization

Based on the current state of science and

technology three crucial novel approaches

are investigated:

The development of an interoperable, vendor independent and open-minded system and service platform as an ICT-infrastructure, for interconnection and optimal usage of all necessary technical systems for e-mobility

The usage of local traffic data to realize a driver-assistance by a journey-time and mileage optimized navigation system

The use of available and established long wave radio technologies for realization of charge control of electric vehicles, that is compliant to current legal regulations.

The determination of user acceptance and

grid critical factor in a field test

R&D Focus Areas

Local forecast for load and in feed Optimization model for the realization of

suitable charging strategies

Prototypical realization of load and charging management

Market-compliant field test Simulation of new local markets to

support the power supplies

Research of information redundancy for a cost-efficient infrastructure

Influence of the Cloud approach on energy economic processes

Elaboration of an operator concept for anti-discriminatory and accessible infrastructures

Project Partner

INNOMAN GmbH (consortium manager)

Bauhaus Universitt Weimar Advanced System Technology AST

Branch of the Fraunhofer IOSB

envia Mitteldeutsche Energie AG EPSa - Elektronik & Przisionsbau

Saalfeld GmbH

HKW Elektronik GmbH IMMS GmbH Landeshauptstadt Erfurt TAf mobile GmbH ACX GmbH

2

2 Management concept

with the different actors and

infrastructure and they interact

with each other over smart

mobility cloud.

1 Copyright: Ingo Daute/

Fraunhofer

Energy systems_ ICT-Energy-Lab.pdf


ICT-EnErgy-lab:nExT-gEnEraTIon ElECTrICal EnErgy syTEms

Background

The European Energy Systems have deve-

loped over the last decades and have been

optimized upon technical and economical

boundary conditions.

For some time now, there has been

a dramatic change evoked by the

liberalization of the energy markets

and measures taken to allow cost-

effective, environmental friendly and

sustainable supply and use of energy.

Consequently, new business models

with extensive electronic and communi-

cation processes arise and therefore, an

increase in competition for economical,

effective and safety process control.

These new challenges should be

mastered and they demand suitable

strategies and tools. Therefore, ICT-

Technologies will play a vital role. For

example, management-systems for

optimal design and industrial manage-

ment as well as portfolio management

systems, virtual power plants with de-

centralized energy suppliers and smart

metering with demand-side-manage-

ment functions.


Am Vogelherd 50


Person to contact:


Phone +49 3677 461-102

Fax +49 3677 461-100

[email protected]


1 2

Key aspects

Innovative ICT-Technologies and concepts for control, monitoring and guidance of energy systems in deregula-ted energy markets

Technologies for a holistic energy management for electricity, gas, heating and cooling

Virtual power plants by coordinated industrial management of distributed inducers like wind power plants and solar power systems

Real time acquisition and management of large quantities of data for optimal integration of energy consumers and changing energy producers

Analysis and development of ICT-Technology for the Demand Side Management and for the stockmarket inclusion of private households

Home portal interfaces for accounting and visualization of the energy use

Digital process control and safeguard technology, particulary for decentralized energy systems

Test platform for industrial suppliers and training for electrical energy systems in special cases

For this purpose, the ICT-Energy-Lab

has modern IT-Systems, as those used

in municipal and regional energy supply

companys in the areas of measure-

ment, distribution, procurement and

networking. They provide functions like

automatic data entry, remote control

as well as prediction and optimization.

This enables the analysis of a wide

range of R&D-topics like virtual power

plants, isolated networks, demand-re-

sponse and demand-side-management,

which are the most important duties of

the ICT-Energy-Lab.

concept

The ICT-Energy-Lab for intelligent

energy systems is located at the Fraun-

hofer Application Center System

Technology AST and at the Ilmenau Uni-

versity of Technology department of

Electrical Engineering. The Fraunhofer

Institute UMSICHT (North Rhine-West-

phalia) with their self-developed device

DAVID (Data Acquisition and Visuali-

zation Device), the public utilities of

Erfurt and the solar village of Kett-

mannhausen provide the laboratory

with most of the data. The emphasis

of the Fraunhofer AST is on the

analysis of tasks related to the energy

business, mainly energy management,

energy data management and auto-

mated-metering.

Energy systems_ Smart-Grid-Ritten.pdf


energy self-sufficiency with renewable energies: feasibility study ritten

challenge

Already today, distribution grids of regions

with a particularly high share of renewable

energy sources can work temporary at their

load limit. Especially the feed-in power

from a variety of distributed photovoltaic

systems without a smart management may

already carry distribution grid peak loads

and partial shutdowns. On the other hand,

a variety of distributed power generation

offers the opportunity to operate the entire

system as an offgrid system. Smart automa-

tion and control technologies in conjunc-

tion with power system mananagement,

power grid protection and remote control

technology can solve these two problems

together. Through parallel operation mode,

critical distribution grid conditions can be

cleared, on a black out, the power grid can

be operated in an isolated operation mode.

However, off-grids are complex systems

which require an exact analysis of power

supply, power consumption and power grid

infrastructure including secondary systems.

An example of these challenges is the

power distribution grid region Ritten near

Bolzano in South Tyrol with its appro-

ximately 2,500 inhabitants and a high

number of commercial and industrial

companies.

the feasibility study

By order of the Etschwerke Netz AG - the

largest regional power utility company in

South Tyrol, the Fraunhofer AST analyzed

together with SPRECHER Automation

Germany GmbH the option of an isolated

operation mode in a feasibility study. That

study include the possibility operating the

existing middle and low voltage power

grid with 20 local network stations in an

isolated operation in case of a power grid

black out.


Am Vogelherd 50


department energy


Phone +49 3677 461-102

[email protected]

Florian Mende, M.Sc.

Phone +49 3677 461-196

[email protected]


1

1

Fraunhofer AST: Scientific research

Modeling and simulation of the off-grid structure with PowerFactory

Analysis and report of energy data with EMS-EDM PROPHET

Power flow and short-circuit static current simulation

Stationary power studies Research on voltage band in medium

voltage power grids

Data processing and plausibility High-resolution power measurements Research on idle performance

sPRecheR aUtomatIon gmbh:

technical analysis

Remote control concept (including reconstruction after black out)

Creation of a control concept including photovoltaics

Creation of the power grid protection concept (power grid and grid equipment protection)

Creation of an automation concept Switch concept for power grid black

start

Approach to synchronization between mains parallel operation mode and isolated operation mode

Communication concept to control grid protection and grid stability in the isolated operation mode

Communication concept as backbone for isolated operation mode

Integration into the grid control center of Etschwerke Netz AG

Results

During the summer months and the transition period an isolated operation mode of the entire region is technically feasible

The pillar of the power grid stability and grid frequency in isolated operation mode are biomass-fired power plants as well as a stationary standby set

In combination with energy storages, photovoltaics can also contribute to the power grid stability

The realization of an off-grid-system with optional parallel mains operation mode is a lighthouse project for the grid integration of renewable energies in rural areas

In Ritten, numerous technologies of a smart grid can be practically tested and implemented

Project consortium

Advanced System Technology AST SPRECHER Automation Germany GmbH

customer

Etschwerke Netz AG, Azienda Energetica Reti S.p.A.

2

1 Example photovoltaic load curve

in the summer

Energy systems_Hybrid-Urban-Energy-Storage.pdf


HYBRID URBAN ENERGY STORAGE:REGIONAL GRID BALANCING WITH VIRTUAL ENERGY STORAGES

No single storage technology can solve

the problem

Indeed energy storages are regarded as key

technology for future system integration

of renewable energies. But the remain

high storage costs rather indicate a mix of

different energy storage technologies in the

future.

This mixture is much better suited for its

specific purpose (short-term-, long-term

storage, power drain, scalability) than one

single technology.

Along with the storage of electricity,

thermal storage units as well as ingenious

load- and generation management will be

necessary in order to face the fluctuating

character of renewable energies in the

future.

The virtual storage could help achieving

an efficient grid integration with these

decentralized components.

The virtual energy storage as the

solution for the distribution grid

In the Hybrid Urban Energy Storage

research project, the Fraunhofer AST is

working jointly with other Fraunhofer

Institutes on a combined hardware and

software platform, so energy storages,

energy generators and energy loads could

link to a virtual, adjustable storage unit.

With this approach, the advantages of

single components can be used optimally.

The objective is to develop a sustainable

and cost-efficient solution for the distributi-

on grid and thus to enable Grid-Balancing

already within regional structures.

Besides the single components, the concept

of virtual storage addresses a 24-hour

prognosis of energy generation and

consumption, to exploit the potentials of

the virtual storage in the optimal way.


Am Vogelherd 50


Person to contact

Dipl.-Ing. Benjamin Fischer

Phone +49 3677 461-113

[email protected]

Department Energy


Phone +49 3677 461-102

[email protected]


1

1 The hybrid city storage combines

the advantages of real energy sto-

rages, potentials of load shifting and

adjustable power- and heat generati-

on in one predictable unit.

1 2

Advantages

Combination of decentralized, real energy storage systems (e.g. redox-flow-battery, lithium ion accumulator), flexible energy generation (e.g. BTTH, emergency diesel generators for hospi-tals) and shiftable loads (e.g. heat pump, hot water generation) to an adjustable entirety for the grid operator

Hybrid concept: combination of heat- and power generation

Very good scalability of the overall system

Only one hybrid urban energy storage in every tenth local grid could provide ne-arly 6 GW of energy storage capacities in Germany

Project management

Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT

Project partners

Fraunhofer IOSB, Advanced System Technology

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Techno-logy ISIT

2

2 Typical urban quarter. Source: Kai

Krner from Dresden Seevorstadt /

Groer Garten, CC BY 2.5

2

Energy systems_OROP-MCS.pdf


EVALUATION METHOD FORASYMMETRIC LOADS AND FEED-INS FOR THE USAGE IN GRID PLANNING

Monte-Carlo Simulation Approach with

OROP

Most loads and feed-ins can be connected

up to 4,6kVA/230V,20A single-phase depending

on technical connection conditions of the

distribution grid operators. According to

the current standards and process models

of the system operators, a connection is

acceptable only if the asymmetry (negative

sequence component to positive sequence

component) does not exceed 2% and if it is

guaranteed that the voltage stays between

90% and 110% of its nominal voltage at

the connection point.

It is common practice to evaluate the dis-

tribution grids capacity for loads (such as

electric vehicles, heat pumps, ACs, etc.) and

decentralized feed-ins (such as combined

heat and power, photovoltaic, etc.) through

symmetric load flow analisis. In low voltage

systems, the available grid capacity is often

misjudged by this simplification and reverse

capacities must be included. Insecurities

concerning the facilities grid connection

locations, as well as phase choice, compli-

cate the accurate evaluation of the grids

capacity.

OROP uses an asymmetric load flow analysis,

which allows for a more realistic modelling

of the grids actual state. Additionally, the

Monte-Carlo simulation uses a probabilistic

approach to compensate insecurities in grid

capacity analyses. It outputs a statistical

representation of the grids capacity at

justifiable computing time.


Am Vogelherd 50

98693 Ilmenau

Contact Person:

Dr.-Ing. Michael Agsten

Phone +49 3677 461-1520

[email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Beyer

Phone +49 3677 461-149

[email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Sven Bohn

Phone +49 3677 461-196

[email protected]

1

1 2

Features

Underlaying GIS-based power system analysis and planning software

Automated Monte-Carlo simulation wit symmetrical and asymmetrical power flow analysis

Capacity estimation of distribution grids for symmetric and asymmetric loads and feed-ins

Fingerprinting of various grids and load situations

Fields of application

R&D platform for smart grid planning R&D platform for grid capacity analysis Capacity estimation for decentralized

facilities (PV, wind, combined heat and power plant and energy storages)

Analysis of the use of grid regulations (e.g. local load management, controlla-ble local grid transformers, U-Q-control,

etc.)

Perspective

Consideration of the U-Q-regulation for decentralized facilities

Consideration of cosPhi(P) regulation of decentralized facilities

Integration of controllable local grid transformers

Integration of phase and line selective control

Copy of process models for the grid expansion

2 modeling, configuration and analysis

GUI in OROP

2

Energy systems_OROP.pdf

ADVANCED SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AST BRANCH OF FRAUNHOFER IOSB

SMART SOFTWARE SOLUTION FOR DISTRIBUTION GRIDS AND SMART GRIDS: OPEN RESEARCH AND OPERATION PROTOTYPE (OROP)

Challenge

Most of the 1.78 million kilometers of power

lines in Germany are low voltage and medium

voltage. These lines, which form the traditional

distribution grid, are a crucial part of Germanys

energy transition (Energiewende). Most wind

and photovoltaic systems are connected to the

distribution grid; this amounts to far more than

a million devices. In addition, novel devices

such as e-mobility, grid operation, smart

metering, heat pumps, combined heat and

power, and demand-side-management are

implemented on the distribution grid. To still

fulfill the power systems requirements, new

planning methods, grid operation strategies,

and training solutions must be developed.

Solution

OROP (Open Research and Operation Pro-

totype) is a modern research platform. Its

functional model offers an innovative approach

to plan and operate distribution grids, aiming

to fulfill the power system operators needs.

All system components, from generators to

a range of Smart-Grid-specific loads, can be

modelled and analyzed in OROPs GIS-based

environment. OROP also features time series

simulations, which can check the validate

the operation strategy. OROPs applications

include research projects in e-mobility, as well

as local and public load dispatching, and EV

charging management.


Branch of Fraunhofer IOSB

Am Vogelherd 50

98693 Ilmenau

Ansprechpartner

Dr.-Ing. Michael Agsten

Phone +49 3677 461-1520

[email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Beyer

Phone +49 3677 461-149

[email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Sven Bohn

Phone +49 3677 461-196

[email protected]

1

1 Screenshot OROP

1 2

Features

GIS-based design and analysis of distribution grids

Symmetric and asymmetric load flow calculation

Grid capacity analysis for symmetric and asymmetric loads and generation

Applications

R&D platform for smart grid applications R&D platform for GIS-based infrastruc-

ture analysis

Grid capacity analysis for decentralized generation (PV, wind, CHP, storages)

Analysis tools for grid operation methods (e.g. local load management, adjustable transformer station, U-Q-control)

Analysis of local and public load and charging methods

Monte Carlo simulation for variable supply tasks

Perspective

Integration module for EMS-EDM PROPHET

Statistical analysis of dynamic and static data

Support of CIM (common information model)

Integration of SCADA systems Parallelization of power flow calculations Training platform for distribution grid

operators

2 GUI OROP

2

Energy systems_SuperGrid.pdf


SuperGridTHE FUTURE POWER HIGHWAY

Challenge

With more than 80 GW wind power

capacity and nearly 30 GWp installed PV

capacity, Europe is the world leader deve-

loping renewable energies. The associated

power generation is highly volatile which is

also facing the conventional 380 KV power

transmission system. As a technology

extension, the development of a pan-

European overlay-power-grid based on

high-voltage direct current transmission

(HVDC) may distribute renewable energy

over large distances more efficient and

balancing power fluctuation. Such a grid

structure is also the source of the more

visionary ideas, such as the DESERTEC

concept which could supply North Africa

and Europe with renewable energy from

big concentrated solar power plants (CSP).

Fraunhofer Future Project SuperGrid

HVDC is particulary suited for a long

distance transport of large amounts of re-

newable energy. A single HVDC connection

can transfer up to 5000 MW - the output

of three up to five nuclear power plants.

Until now, only a few HVCD systems exist,

which a usually implemented as point-

to-point connection. In the Fraunhofer

Future Project SuperGrid, scientists from

the Fraunhofer AST researching on the

management and the grid protection of

meshed HVDC systems. Thereby, different

power plant technologies, such as solar

power (CSP), should be considered, which

are also the strategic focus within the

DESERTEC concept for a long-term power

supply based on renewable energies.


Am Vogelherd 50


Person to contact:


Phone +49 3677 461-102

[email protected]


1

1 Including salt as an energy storage,

CSP plants get broad more full load

hours as photovoltaics

Source: World Bank Photo Collection

(CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

1 2

Technical implementation

Analysis of the European and North African transmission grid (ENTSO-E)

Research of the development potential based on meshed HVDC

Research of possible strategies for management, grid protection and power system stability

Prototype implementation of power grid protection and grid management

Design of simulation models of the transmission grids MENA and ENTSO-E

Analysis of interactions between HVAC and HVDC systems

Power grid management and grid protection of meshed HVDC systems

Prototype software moduls for future commercial use

Project management

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

Project partners

Advanced System Technology AST Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated

Systems and Device Technology IISB

Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM

3 European HVAC integration

2

2 North Africa has a huge potential for

concentrated solar power (CSP)

Source: Guilherme Jfili, CC BY 2.0

3

Energy systems_eTelligence.pdf


eTelligence: GERMAN LIGHTHOUSE PROJECT WITHIN THE E-ENERGY PROGRAM

The challenge

Today and future most important issues

are the sustainable and sufficient supply

of consumers with electrical energy based

on an eco-friendly generation. Due to the

need of CO2 reduction and the limitation

of fossil sources of energy the share of

renewable energy sources in generation

is going to take a remarkable part in the

future energy mix.

However, the growing share of renewable

generation is the major challenge for grid

operation. Today`s grid infrastructure is

adjusted to a centralized power generation

at large power plants with power flows

from higher voltage levels to lower voltage

levels with predictable consumption.

In contrast, renewable generation is

generally distributed and most of all it has

a fluctuating character e.g. wind power or

photo-voltaic power.

The danger of temporary imbalances

between generation and consumption is

reinforced by the affected predictability of

generation. In order to compensate these

effects additional balancing power has

to be in standby offered by conventional

power plants.

In addition, renewable generation occurs to

a significant percentage at the distribution

grid level. This may causes a reversal of the

power flows from the distribution grid level

towards the transmission grid level. The

actual design of the electrical transmission

and distribution system does not consider

these states of operation and reaches its

operational limits.


Am Vogelherd 50


Person to contact:


Phone +49 3677 461-102

[email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Hannes Rttinger

Phone +49 3677 461-126

[email protected]


founded by:

1 2

Tasks and results

Within the project eTelligence the opti-

mization of electrical energy supply by the

utilization of information and communica-

tion technology (ICT) in combination with

the existing transmission and distribution

infrastructure is demonstrated. Furthermore

the project has to concern about ecological

issues and issues of efficiency as well

as the sustainable energy supply.

In a nutshell, basics are established and

components are developed to create a

sustainable regional energy supply system.

Therefore a regional energy marketplace,

new tariffs and economic incentive

programs, algorithm of control for

distributed generation units and virtual

power plants as well as innovative concepts

for the operation of distribution grid are

developed and tested. A standardized

infrastructure for both business and opera-

tional processes is needed to realize these

objectives. eTelligence takes place at the

city of Cuxhaven where the operability and

effectiveness of the approach is demons-

trated. The region of Cuxhaven offers a

suitable grid topology and a multitude of

distributed generation and large-scale

consumers. In addition the city gives

the opportunity to present the E-Energy

program and the project eTelligence

itself because Cuxhaven records as a health

resort and center of tourism over three

million overnight stop-overs a year. The

Fraunhofer AST is responsible for the

project management of the subproject

Smart distribution grid which contains

amongst others the capture and modeling

of the distribution grid of the city

Additional results in the field of grid

operation are:

Approaches to optimize and manage distribution grids based on marketable ancillary services.

Technical solutions to optimize voltage profiles by reactive power of virtual and conventional power plants.

Technical solutions to optimize load flows by reactive power of virtual and conventional power plants.

Algorithms as well as solutions for an adaptive grid protection.

New methods for the calculation and determination of grid access fees.

Cuxhaven. The optimal integration of

distributed generation and the creation of

accepted ancillary services and grid

products e.g. reactive power compensation

within the framework of the liberalization

and the discrimination free market admissi-

on of all participants are the major challen-

ges of grid operation. Optimization objects

are an ecological and economical operation

of the entire energy system. Therefore

existing degrees of freedom in control of

distributed generation using a general load

management for an active operation under

consideration of an optimal distribution

grid access are realized.

Initiator and partners

BMWi and BMU EWE AG Fraunhofer Energy Alliance BTC AG OFFIS e.V. ko-Institut energy & meteo systems GmbH

energy self-sufficiency with renewable energies ... systems... · advanced system technology ast...

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