energy savings & efficiency workshop faith communities portland, me april 26, 2009

Energy Savings &Efficiency Workshop

Faith Communities

Portland, ME Portland, ME

April 26, 2009April 26, 2009

Workshop Objectives

Learn…

• how to conduct a basic energy assessment

• about energy, basic building structures and mechanical systems

• how to gather and interpret data to measure energy use

• simple, cost-effective ways to save energy

Faith Community Energy Assessment Top 4 Priorities

• Heating

• Insulation & Building Envelope

• Hot Water

• Lighting

Heating

• Overview of basic heating systems

• Determine building/heating efficiency (2 calculations)– Calculating efficiency of heating system– Calculating rate of heating fuel use– Assessing building occupancy patterns

• Identify common issues and problems

• Identify cost effective solutions

Overview of basic heating systems

Boiler• Distributes heat via

hot water or steam• Delivers heat to

– Radiators– Hot water baseboard– Cast iron– In floor radiant

• Oil or gas fired• Typically used in halls

and offices

Furnace• Distributes heat via

hot air through ductwork• Delivers heat to spaces

– Floor registers– Ceiling registers

• Oil or gas fired• Typically used in

sanctuaries

Calculating an estimate of

heating & building system efficiency

Determine building/heating efficiency

Formula to calculate estimated building heating efficiency:

Annual Fuel Use (gallons)

Square Footage of Building

Determine building/heating efficiency Calculating estimated building heating efficiency

Determine building/heating efficiency What the numbers mean

.1 to .25 : efficient heating system & well insulated building: little to no action needed

.25 to .5 : investigate heating system efficiency & insulation: likely action needed

.5 to .75 : inefficient system or poor insulation: plan for action

.75+: ALERT! You’re heating the outdoors: take action immediately!

Determine building/heating efficiencyCalculating Estimated Heating/Building System Efficiency:

Case #1: Church 21,000 SF

Boiler Fire Rate 7.9 gal/hr6,000 gallons/ 21,000 SF =

0.29 gals/SFBase board and hot air

#2 Fuel Usage-2007-2008

0

500

1,000

1,500

gal 429 736 925 1,114 1,236 601 350 200 151 449

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

2007 2008


Case #2: Church 5400 SF

Boiler Fire Rate 1.3 gal/hr1,764 gallons/ 5,400 SF =

0.32 gals/SFBase board

#2 F u el Us ag e-2007-2008

0

200

400

600

g al 571 199 224 242 284 244

Dec J an F eb Mar Apr May J un J ul Aug S ep Oct Nov

2007 2008


Case #3: Church 21,000 SF

Boiler Fire Rate 11-18 gal/hr18,802 gallons/ 44,000 SF =

0.42 gals/SFBaseboard Heating

gal cost2005 Dec est. 2,700 $5,0282006 Jan 3,700 $7,058

Feb 2,250 $4,074Mar 1,900 $3,585Apr 1,500 $3,270MayJunJulAugSep 1,000 $1,749Oct 1,000 $1,796Nov 2,000 $3,629Dec 2,752 $5,078

18,802 $35,268

Woodfords Cong Church

Total


Case #4: 13,000 SF

Boiler Fire Rate ? gal/hr11,600 gallons/ 13,000 SF =

0.9 gals/SF

Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use


Determine building/heating efficiency Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use

Using a Data Logger

• $50 device to determine hours that oil heating unit fires over a period of time (e.g., 1 week).

• A counter activated by vibration (logs time when vibration active)

• ENM Counting Instrument (unit shown below is an ENM T54C1)

available at

www.enmco.com


Using a Data Logger

Place counter on the burner and the device will log the hours that the burner is firing


Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use

Using a Data Logger

To calculate gallons of fuel used in a week:

Number hours logged X boiler firing rate

NOTE: ‘number of hours logged’ represents hours recorded by data logger device over a week

Determine building heating efficiency Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use

Using a Data Logger: Determine Boiler Fire Rate

Steam Boiler 11-18 GPH (high/low firing rate)


Using a Data Logger: Determine Boiler Fire Rate


Using a Data Logger: Determine Furnace Fire Rate


Using a Data Logger: Example

Number hours logged X boiler firing rate

Example:– data logger records 35 hours over a seven day period– boiler fires at a rate of 2 gallons per hour (gph)

35 hours x 2 gph = 70 gallons (over 7 days)

This tells us that :– the boiler burns 10 gallons of fuel per day (70 gallons / 7 days)– the boiler fires for 5 hours per day (10 gallons per day / 2 gph)


Using a Data Logger: tracking data in a spreadsheet

Date Days TimeLogger Reading

hours

Fire Rate in Hours

Boiler Fire Rate

5.8 gals/hr

Gallons per

period

Avg gals per day

Avg Temp for day (F)

10/9/2008 8:00 AM 76.8 0 5.8 0.010/10/2008 1 8:10 AM 78.2 1.4 5.8 8.1 8.1 5410/14/2008 4 7:45 AM 84.5 6.3 5.8 36.5 9.1 5010/15/2008 1 8:00 AM 86 1.5 5.8 8.7 8.7 5210/16/2008 1 8:30 AM 87.4 1.4 5.8 8.1 8.1 5210/17/2008 1 8:30 AM 88.5 1.1 5.8 6.4 6.4 5310/20/2008 4 8:30 AM 93.6 5.1 5.8 29.6 7.4 5610/21/2008 1 8:31 AM 95.6 2 5.8 11.6 11.6 5410/22/2008 1 9:10 AM 97.5 3.9 5.8 22.6 22.6 3910/23/2008 1 9:10 AM 99.5 3.9 5.8 22.6 22.6 30

Total Days

Total Fire Rate in Hours

Total Gals

Burned

Avg Gals Burned Per Day

Total 15 26.6 154.3 10.3

ENM T54C1 Data Logger for Oil Fired Heating Unit

Simple spread sheet to track heating fuel consumptionNote the two 4 day periods which represent weekends the average was the same as during the week Manual thermostats not turned back for weekend

Number hours logged X boiler firing rate(example below: 26.6 X 5.8 = 154.3 gallons over 7 days)

Data logger started at 76.8 as it could

not be reset to “0”


Using a Data Logger: What do the numbers mean?

Data logger fuel rate calculation provides

baseline fuel use for a typical winter week or month

Excessive fuel use above this baseline calculation may indicate:

• Boiler or furnace is out of calibration

• Current manual thermostat was left on after a meeting

• Programmable thermostat not programmed correctly

• Excessive use of the faith community facility

• Outdoor temperature sensor (if installed) has failed

• A window or door has been left open

• Ceiling fans have been turned off

Also, helpful data for your boiler technician in

maintaining your boiler and ensuring optimal settings

Identify common issues and problems Review occupancy rate over a 7 day week

Building Occupancy Ratecommon example

Occupied6%

Unoccupied94%

Identify cost effective solutionsinstall programmable thermostats

• Replace manual thermostats with digital

• Another upgrade? Install an outdoor air temperature sensor to control boiler (requires hiring a heating technician)

Identify cost effective solutionsaddress air circulation

Airius Thermal Equalizers

• Installation of the units will help to stabilize the temperature – Peak ceiling temperature are 5

to 10 degrees warmer than the floor.

• Available at Maine Green Building Supply


• Heating


• Hot Water

• Lighting

Insulation & Building Envelope

• Determine efficiency of building envelope– Calculate building/heating system efficiency (see

previous section)– Inspect building


• Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

Determine efficiency of building envelope Inspect building for problem areas

Image adapted from http://www.energyauditgo.com/Work.html

Determine efficiency of building envelope inspect building: doors and windows

Determine efficiency of building envelope inspect building: attic access

Heat loss

Determine efficiency of building envelope Inspect building for ice dams

Determine efficiency of building envelope inspect building: sill plates

Masonry Foundation

Concrete Foundation

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions Insulation Values

heating system ceiling wood frame wall floorbasement/crawl

spacegas/oil R-38 to R-49 R-11 to R-22 R-25 R-11 to R-19heat pump/electric R-49 R-11 to R-28 R-25 R-13 to R-19

Building Space

heating system atticbasement/crawl

spacegas/oil R-6 to R-11 R-2 to R-11

heat pump/electric R-6 to R-11 R-2 to R-11

Ducts in unheated spaces

R-value = resistance to heat flowThe higher the R-value the better!

Adapted from the US Dept of Energy 1997 Insulation Fact Sheet

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions where to insulate

Adapted from the US Dept of Energy 1997 Insulation Fact Sheet

R Value (avg)Per inch

Fiber Glass batts 3.0Rock Wool 3.0Cellulose 3.0Pertlite (loose fill) 2.5Vermiculite (loose fill) 2.5Polystyrene rigid board 4.0Polyurethane (rigid boards) 6.0Polyisocyanurae (rigid boards) 6.0Urethane Foam (sprayed) 8.0

Type

Building Insulation


Sanctuary Ceiling R 1?


Sanctuary R 38 CelluloseChurch Hall R 20


Over 20 inches of blown in CellulousBuilding was a .2 gal/SF

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions where to insulate: lighting

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions where to insulate: sill plate

At a minimum insulate the sill plate area to prevent cold air infiltration

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions where to insulate:

install plastic film over single pane windows

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions install insulated doors (R12) in place of wooden doors (R1)

HEAT LOSS!

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions install vapor barrier in crawl space


• Heating


• Hot Water

• Lighting

Hot Water System

• Overview of hot water system

• Assessing hot water system


• Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

Overview of Hot Water SystemsTypical hot water systems for congregations

• Electric hot water heater– 40 gallons average size– no external controls

• Boiler hot water coil– boiler on 24/7 and/or– electric for non heating

season

Overview of Hot Water SystemsTypical oil fired boiler with hot water coil

Hot water coil

Overview of Hot Water SystemsNewer systems - oil fired boiler with indirect hot water tank

Indirect hot water storage tank with coil

Boiler

Boiler hot water @ 140ºF - 180ºF circulates through a coil immersed in the indirect hot water tank transferring the heat to the domestic hot water surrounding the coil and returns to the boiler to be heated again.

Cold water in

Hot water to fixtures

Assessing hot water system• Determine what you make hot water for: typically congregations use hot

water for restrooms, kitchens and dishwasher

• Determine how you make hot water: electric tank, boiler, etc…

• Determine when you make hot water: days w/ highest demand

• Determine how much hot water you make: use table below as a guide (substitute units to match your congregation)

Fixture UnitsGals per minute

mins/day gals/day days/yearGallons

YearRestroom sinks 4 1 5 20 104 2080Kitchen double sink 1 2 15 30 52 1560Dishwasher 1 2 15 30 52 1560

5,200697530

Typical Hot Water Demand

Average total gallons per dayAssume hot water is 40 % of water usage per day

Estimated total gallons per yearAverage days per year hot water is used

Identify common issues and problems

• Heater and pipes not insulated

• Hot water heater temperature set too high

• Water being heated when not in demand (heated 7 days a week when only needed for 1 day)

• Water heater tied to heating system requiring boiler firing during non heating season

• Constant hot water circulation

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

• Reduce hot water temperature. If hot water is for general use (e.g., hand washing) reduce temperature to 120 degrees or less.

• Install a timer on your hot water tank:– One congregation saved $700 in a year– One congregation spent $150 on a timer and saw a 2 month pay back

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions “7 Day” timer vs. 24 hour timer

www.intermatic.comwww.tork.com

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions On Demand Tankless Water Heaters

• Heat water directly without the use of a storage tank

• When hot water tap is turned on, cold water travels into the unit and an electric element or gas fired coil heats the water. You only consume energy when you open the faucet

• No standby heat losses. Delivers a constant supply of hot water

• Two types:– Electric: provide approximately 2 gallons per minute

– Gas-fired: produce higher flow rates between 5 - 8 gallons per minute

• Must have large domestic hot water demand to justify

Gas fired: $1500- $2000Electric: $200- $400


Identify cost effective, immediate solutions tank vs. tankless

40 gallon electric tank provides45 gallons per hour

Rinnai tankless provides240+ gallons per hour

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions Small Electric Water Heaters

Ariston tankless water heaters

Ariston-Point-of-Use Water Heaters:Ariston-Point-of-Use Water Heaters:

• 2.75 Gallons - GL2.5 : 2.75 Gallons - GL2.5 : $199.36$199.36

• 3.85 Gallons - GL4 : 3.85 Gallons - GL4 : $216.29$216.29


under sink model

Identify cost effective, immediate solutions Insulate hot water piping

Heat loss with no insulation


• Heating


• Hot Water

• Lighting

Lighting

• Overview of lighting• Assess lighting use and needs• Identify common issues and problems• Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

Overview of Lighting• Fluorescent tube lighting:

– T12 =1 ½ – T8 = 1 inch– T5 = <1 inch

Note: If your fluorescent lighting has not been upgraded in the last 10

years then it is most likely T-12

• Incandescent lights: old fashioned light bulbs

• Compact fluorescent light bulbs

• Coming soon: LEDs!

T-12

T-5s

Assess Use & Needs of Lighting

• Take inventory of lights

• Inventory should by type and by area (room, hallway, sanctuary, meeting hall, etc.)– Note: be mindful of minimum lighting requirements (e.g.

adequate lighting in stairwells)

• Assign hours per week that lights are on and determine cost


• Turn off lights (and other equipment) when not in use.

• Adjust lighting levels to match needs. Remove un-needed lighting & check current lighting levels against IES recommended levels.

• Make use of free day lighting where possible

• Use high reflectance ceiling tiles and light colors on walls, partitions, and carpeting to carry daylight into interior space.


• Replace incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescents (CFLs) wherever possible. – CFLs only use only about half the energy, plus, they last 10-12

times as long, saving on replacement bulb cost and labor.

• Replace incandescent and fluorescent exit signs with light emitting diodes (LEDs) or the latest solid-state technology. – LEDs exit signs use about 1/10th the energy of an incandescent

bulb.

• Replace T-12 fluorescent fixtures with energy saving T-8 fixtures and electronic ballasts.

Identify cost effective, immediate solutionsinstall occupancy sensors

• Install occupancy sensor switches in seldom-occupied areas: – Passive Infrared (PIR) which detects

body heat

– Ultrasonic (US) units which detects body movement.

• Install controls on exterior lights. • Install motion sensors, time clocks,

or photoelectric sensors on exterior parking lots and security lighting.

Efficiency Maine Assistance• Participants receive specified incentives for purchase of pre-qualified

energy efficient equipment

• Prescriptive Incentives– Lighting– Motors– HVAC– Variable Frequency Drive for HVAC systems

• Project Pre-Approval IS REQUIRED for most prescriptive incentives – Lighting & Refrigeration in excess of $1,000– HVAC & Variable Frequency Drives

• Project Pre-Approval IS NOT REQUIRED for:– Three-Phase Motors– Agricultural Measures

Words of wisdom found in the attic of a old church built in the 1840’s.Recent renovations to the structure in 2002

“In the year of the lord 2002, May the original builder

forgive our affront to their craft”

Contact Information

AJ Ballard at 207-522-7927 Efficiency Maine Energy [email protected]

Shirley BartlettProgram Manager Efficiency Maine

[email protected]

Harry BrownMaine Interfaith Power and Light

(207) [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Alternative Energy for Faith Community Buildings???Practical for large commercial applications, not smaller buildings

405,000 BTU’s for heat energy per day(3 gals of fuel oil per day)

3.3 KW PV at Falmouth High School(5 HP motor)

Cuba Naval Station reduce 650,000 gallons diesel fuel

energy savings & efficiency workshop faith communities portland, me april 26, 2009

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