energy review
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY REVIEW. Energy The ability to cause change. The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy is never created or destroyed it just changes form. Nuclear Energy- the energy in the nucleus of every atom. Types of Energy. Chemical Energy- the energy stored in chemical bonds. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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ENERGY REVIEW
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• The Law of Conservation of EnergyEnergy is never created or destroyed it just
changes form
EnergyThe ability to cause change.
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Types of EnergyChemical Energy- the energy stored in chemical bonds.
Nuclear Energy- the energy in the nucleus of every atom.
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Types of Energy
Thermal Energy- the energy of an object that increases as temperature increases.
Radiant Energy- the energy carried by light.
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Convection- the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of molecules from one part of a material to another.
• Cold Sinks
• Creates a Circular Current
• Heat Rises
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Types of Energy
Electrical Energy- the energy carried by electrical current that comes out of batteries or electrical outlets.
Kinetic Energy- the energy an object has because of its motion
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Converting Energy
Generator- a device that transforms kinetic energy into electrical energy.
Motor- a device that transforms electrical energy into kinetic energy.
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Types of Energy• Potential Energy- energy that is stored in an
object because of its position
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Electric Force- The attraction or repulsion between charged objects
Positive Charge Negative Charge
OPPOSITE CHARGES ATTRACT – AND + ATTRACT.
LIKE CHARGES REPEL – AND – REPEL,
+ AND + REPEL.
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Electrical Forces
Electric field- the field or space in which charges exert a force on each other.
Electric discharge- the quick movement of electric charge from one place to another.
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Types of Circuits
Series Circuit- a circuit that has only one
path for the electric current to follow.
Parallel circuit- a circuit that has more than
one path for the electric current to follow.
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Controlling the Circuit
Voltage- the measure of how much electrical potential energy
each electron can gain.
Resistance- the measure of how difficult it
is for electrons to flow through a material.
• The unit of resistance is called
an ohm Ω
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OHM’S LAW
The relationship among voltage, current, and resistance; when the voltage in a circuit increases the current increases.
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ELECTRIC POWER
Power (in Watts) =Current (in amperes) x Voltage (in volts)P= I x V
POWERin watts
CURRENTin amperes
VOLTAGEin volts
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Electromagnet- a wire with current flowing through it that is wrapped around an iron core.
How do they work?
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Electrical SafetyAn Electric shock is when electric current flows through your body. Since nerves are electric signals shocks can disrupt your nervous system. A transformer changes the
electric voltage so the household appliances are not overloaded.
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How magnets work.
Magnetic field-a space around a magnet where the magnetic force is active.
Magnetic Domain-a group of atoms with their magnetic fields pointing in the same direction.
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Magnetosphere- the space affected by the Earth’s magnetic field.
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The Sun and the Earth’s magnetosphere.
Charged particles
Aurora-the light given off from the sun’s charged particles crashing into atoms in the
Earth’s atmosphere.
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Generating Energy
• Turbine- a set of steam powered fan blades that spins a generator at a power plant.
• Photovoltaic- a device that transforms radiant energy directly into electrical energy.
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Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
Gasoline is a nonrenewable resource.
Wood is a renewable resource.
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Inexhaustible Resource- an energy source that cannot be used up by humans.
The Sun is an Inexhaustible Resource because we cannot use up that energy.
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Alternative Resources- new renewable or inexhaustible resources.
Wind to generate energy.
The sun to power and heat houses
Electrical Energy to Power Transportation
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How Does Energy Move?
• Waves-regular disturbances that carry energy without carrying matter.
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Types of Waves
Mechanical Waves Electromagnetic Waves• Waves that use matter to
move energy.• Waves that can travel
through space where there is no matter.
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Shapes of Waves
Transverse Waves-
Compressional /(Longitudinal) Waves-
• a type of mechanical wave in which the energy of the wave makes the wave move up and down or back and forth at right angles to the direction the wave travels
• A type of wave in which the matter in the medium moves forward and backward along the same direction that the wave travels.
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Parts of a Transverse Wave
Crest-the top (peak) of a wave.
Trough-the bottom (dip)of a wave.
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Frequency and Wavelength
The frequency is the number of waves that pass a point in space during any time interval, usually one second.
Waves with a longer wavelength will not pass a point as quickly as a wave with a shorter wavelength.
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Descriptors of a Transverse Wave
• Amplitude- one half the distance between the crest and the trough.
• Wavelength- the distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next crest or from the bottom of one trough to the bottom of the next trough.
• Frequency- the number of wavelengths that pass a given point in one second
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Parts of a Compressional/Longitudinal Wave
• Compression- the parts of a compressional/ longitudinal wave where the matter is closer together.
• Rarefaction- the parts of a compressional/ longitudinal wave where the matter is farther apart.
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Descriptors of a Compressional/Longitudinal Wave
• Wavelength- the distance between the center of one compression and the center of the next compression or from the center of one rarefaction and the center of the next rarefaction.
• Amplitude- How close together the particles of a medium are.
• Frequency- the number of wavelengths that pass a given point in one second.
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PROPERTIES OF WAVES
#1 Reflection
Occurs when a wave hits an object or surface and bounces off.
#2 Refraction
The bending of a wave as it moves from one medium to another.
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Properties of Waves
The bending of waves around a barrier
• #3 Diffraction
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Properties of Waves
#4