energy requirements for typical green sand foundry sand-binder mixing core forming core curing mold...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Energy Requirements for Typical Green Sand Foundry sand-binder mixing core forming core curing mold & core assembly mold pouring, cooling shakeout riser](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697c00c1a28abf838cc89dd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy Requirements for Typical Green Sand Foundry
sand-binder mixing
core forming
core curing
mold & core assembly
mold pouring, cooling
shakeout
riser cutoff & gate removal
cleaning, finishing, coating
QA / shipping
mold making
sand renewal
metal melting
slag, dross removal
scrap preparation
1.2-3.5 MJ/kg saleable casting
1.2 MJ/kg
0.7 MJ/kg
Melting (MJ/kg)Cupola 6.7 Coke1.3 Electricity1.9 Natural Gas0.1 OxygenElectric melting5.0-5.6 Induction5.0-6.0 Electric Arc6.0-9.2 ReverbFuel fired melting 2.1-7.9 Crucible2.9-5.8 Reverb
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Energy Requirements for Typical Green Sand Foundry By Mass Fuel
sand-binder mixing
core forming
core curing
mold & core assembly
mold pouring, cooling
shakeout
riser cutoff & gate removal
cleaning, finishing, coating
QA / shipping
mold making
sand renewal
metal melting
slag, dross removal
scrap preparation
100-300g fossil fuel/kg saleable casting
100 g/kg
60 g/kg
Melting (g/kg)Cupola 170 Coke120 Electricity50 Natural Gas5 OxygenElectric melting450-500 Induction450-550 Electric Arc550-800 ReverbFuel fired melting 50-200 Crucible73-150 Reverb
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Fuel Requirements
• Using Williams’ conversion– 320 g fossil fuel/kWh electricity– 40 MJ/kg of nonelectric fuel
• 1 kilogram casting using EAF requires 900 g fossil fuel
• 1 kg casting using coke cupola requires 550 g fossil fuel– Disparities caused by efficiency of
electricity production, size(?)
23%
7%
12%
58%
Mold and sandpreparation
Pouring andshakeout
Finishing
Melting