1

EnergyEnergyMetabolismMetabolism

Transformations Transformations

and and

InteractionsInteractionsInteractionsInteractions

To Blood

Absorption

To Bloodsystem

To lymphaticsystem

2

Metabolic ProcessesMetabolic Processes

FuelFuel (Carbohydrates Lipids(Carbohydrates Lipids FuelFuel (Carbohydrates, Lipids, (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins)Proteins)

MetabolismMetabolism –– Transfer of food Transfer of food energy and nutrients into form energy and nutrients into form that cells can usethat cells can use

MaintenanceMaintenance i i b di i b dMaintenanceMaintenance –– repairing body repairing body parts and keeping organs parts and keeping organs functioningfunctioning

Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine Triphosphate -- ATPATP

ADP

AMP

ATP

3

Reactions Reactions –– Energy Energy

Common metabolic blockCommon metabolic block

Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA

C A

O

C SCH CoAC SCH3

4

Metabolic ReactionsAnabolismAnabolism

–– Reactions that build complex molecules from small oneReactions that build complex molecules from small one

Anabolism

5

Glycogenesis

Metabolic Reactions

CatabolismCatabolism–– Reactions that break down compounds into small unitsReactions that break down compounds into small units

6

Catabolism

Glycogenolysis

7

Nutrients & EnergyNutrients & Energy

Metabolic processes producing energy:Metabolic processes producing energy:

GlycolysisGlycolysis

Glucose Pyruvate Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA

TCA (Tricarboxylic Acids) cycleTCA (Tricarboxylic Acids) cycle TCA (Tricarboxylic Acids) cycleTCA (Tricarboxylic Acids) cycle

Electron transport chainElectron transport chain

Glucose yields energy

Glycolysis

Intermediates

y y

8

GlucoseGlucose

The fate of pyruvateThe fate of pyruvate

–– Anaerobic vs. aerobic pathwaysAnaerobic vs. aerobic pathways

GlucoseGlucoseThe fate of pyruvateThe fate of pyruvate

AnaerobicAnaerobic Pyruvate to lactic acidPyruvate to lactic acid

––Cori cycleCori cycle

9

Pyruvate to Lactic Acid (Anaerobic)

Cori Cycle

GlucoseGlucose

The fate of pyruvateThe fate of pyruvate

AerobicAerobic

Pyruvate to acetyl CoAPyruvate to acetyl CoA

10

Pyruvateto

Acetyl CoA (Aerobic)

Energy balancefrom glucose

aerobicmetabolism

11

Fatty Acids to Acetyl CoAFatty Acids to Acetyl CoA

Fats Enter the Energy PathwayFats Enter the Energy Pathway

β-Oxidationβ

12

The Carbons of a Typical Triglyceride

Fatty acidsGlycerol

18 C

3 C

18 C

18 C

18 C3 C

54 C

27 Acetyl CoA

Energy balancefrom fataerobic

metabolism

27

54

81

27

180

Fat

180

Acetyl CoA27 Acetyl CoA from C18:1 TG

13

Amino AcidsAmino Acids

Many aminoacids are

transferredinto glucose -into glucose Glucogenic

Some aminoacids are DirectlyDirectly

transferredinto acetyl CoA-

Ketogenic

Some amino acids can enter directly

TCA cycle -Glucogenic

Amino AcidsAmino AcidsDeaminationDeamination Amino acids synthesisAmino acids synthesis–– KetoKeto acidacid–– AmmoniaAmmonia

14

Amino AcidsAmino Acids

AmmoniaAmmonia

toto

ureaurea

Urea Urea excretion excretion

via via kidneyskidneyskidneyskidneys

15

The Sources of Pyruvate and Acetyl CoAThe Sources of Pyruvate and Acetyl CoA

Glutamic AcidArginineHistidine

GlutamineProline

AlanineCysteineGlycineSerine

ThreoninePhenylalanine

TyrosineLeucineLysine

Tryptophan

β-oxidation