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Building Lighting DesignSUBMITTED BY-SONIA SHARMA,11612 NAMITA VARMA ,11646SAHIL ATRI,11645ARUN ,10610PARIKSHIT CHAUDHARY,11611

Light Bulb Questions(Intermediate)To reproduce the box effects on this slide, do the following:

On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.On the Design tab, in the Themes group, click the arrow next to Colors and then click Oriel.On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group click the arrow under Shapes, and then under Rectangles, select rectangle (first row, first option from left).On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle.Under Drawing Tools, in the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow at the bottom right corner launching the Format Shape dialog box.In the Format Shape dialog box, select Size in the left pane, under Size and rotate in the right pane set Height to 1.88 and Width to 2.Also in the Format Shape dialog box, select Fill in the left pane, and under Fill in the right pane select No Fill.Also in the Format Shape dialog box, select Line Color in the left pane, under Line Color in the right pane, select Solid Line, and then click the arrow to the right of Color, and under Theme Colors, select Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from left).Also in the Format Shape dialog box, select Line Style in the left pane, under Line Style in the right pane set Width to 0.25 pt.Close the Format Shape dialog box.Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Left.Click Align Top.Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process three more times for a total of five rectangles.Select duplicate on right side. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Right.Click Align Top.Select all five rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Top.Click Distribute Horizontally.Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Arrange group, click the arrow to the right of Group and select Group.Select the grouped rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process two more times for a total of four grouped sets.Select one grouped set. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Center.Click Align Bottom.Select all other grouped sets, and also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, do the following:Click Align Center.Click Distribute Vertically.Select all grouped rectangles. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Arrange group, click the arrow to the right of Group and select Ungroup.To reproduce the video effects on this slide, do the following:

On the Insert tab, in the Media group, click Video, and then click Video from File. In the left pane of the Insert Video dialog box, click the drive or library that contains the video. In the right pane of the dialog box, click the first video that you want, and then click Insert.Under Video Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow at the bottom right corner to launch the Format Video dialog box.In the Format Video dialog box, select Size in the left pane, under Size and Rotate in the right pane, set Height to 1.88 and Width to 1.99.In the Animations tab, in the Animation group, select Play.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, click the arrow to the right of Start and select With Previous.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Left.Click Align Top.Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, under Order Objects, click Send to Back.On the Insert tab, in the Media group, click Video, and then click Video from File. In the left pane of the Insert Video dialog box, click the drive or library that contains the video. In the right pane of the dialog box, click the second video that you want and then click Insert.In the Format Video dialog box, select Size in the left pane, under Size and Rotate in the right pane, and set Height to 1.88 and Width to 1.99.In the Animations tab, in the Animation group, select Play.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, click the arrow to the right of Start and select With Previous.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Align Top.Press and hold CTRL, select second video and second rectangle from top left. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then select Align Left or Align Right (depending on which way the video needs to move to match up with rectangle).Select the second video, on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, under Order Objects, click Send to Back.On the Insert tab, in the Media group, click Video, and then click Video from File. In the left pane of the Insert Video dialog box, click the drive or library that contains the video. In the right pane of the dialog box, click the third video that you want and then click Insert.Under Video Tools on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow at the bottom right corner to launch the Format Video dialog box.In the Format Video dialog box, select Size in the left pane, under Size and Rotate in the right pane, set the Height to 3.75 and the Width to 4.In the Animations tab, in the Animation group, select Play.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, click the arrow to the right of Start and select With Previous.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Right.Click Align Top.Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, under Order Objects, click Send to Back.On the Insert tab, in the Media group, click Video, and then click Video from file. In the left pane of the Insert Video dialog box, click the drive or library that contains the video. In the right pane of the dialog box, click the fourth video that you want and then click Insert.In the Format Video dialog box, select Size in the left pane, under Size and Rotate in the right pane, set the Height to 1.88 and the Width to 1.99.In the Animations tab, in the Animation group, select Play.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, click the arrow to the right of Start and select With Previous.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Align Bottom.Press and hold CTRL, select fourth video and seventeenth rectangle (fourth row, second option from left). On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then select Align Left or Align Right (depending on which way the video needs to move to match up with rectangle).Select just the video, on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, under Order Objects, click Send to Back.On the Insert tab, in the Media group, click Video, and then click Video from file. In the left pane of the Insert Video dialog box, click the drive or library that contains the video. In the right pane of the dialog box, click the fifth video that you want and then click Insert.In the Format Video dialog box, select Size in the left pane, under Size and Rotate in the right pane, set the Height to 1.88 and the Width to 1.99.In the Animations tab, in the Animation group, select Play.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, click the arrow to the right of Start and select With Previous.Press and hold CTRL, select fifth video and thirteenth rectangle (third row, third option from left). On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then select Align Left or Align Right, and then Align Top or Align Bottom (depending on which way the video needs to move to match up with rectangle).Select just the video, on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, under Order Objects, click Send to Back.On the Insert tab, in the Media group, click Video, and then click Video from file. In the left pane of the Insert Video dialog box, click the drive or library that contains the video. In the right pane of the dialog box, click the sixth video that you want and then click Insert.In the Format Video dialog box, select Size in the left pane, under Size and Rotate in the right pane, set Height to 1.88 and Width to 1.99.Close the Format Video dialog box.In the Animations tab, in the Animation group, select Play.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, click the arrow to the right of Start and select With Previous.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then click Align Bottom.Press and hold CTRL, select sixth video and nineteenth rectangle (fifth row, fourth option from left). On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then select Align Left or Align Right (depending on which way the video needs to move to match up with rectangle).Select just the video, on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, under Order Objects, click Send to Back.To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following:

Press and hold CTRL, select rectangles six, seven and eight (second row, first, second and third options from left), then under the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the Cut icon.On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide drag to draw your text box in the area you just cut.Type text, Questions, in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Book Antiqua from the Font list, with a Font Size of 88 pt. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click the arrow at the bottom right to launch the Format Text Effects dialog box.In the Format Text Effects dialog box, select Text Fill in the left pane, under Text Fill in the right pane select Solid fill, then click the arrow to the right of Color and under Theme Colors, select Light Yellow, Background 2, Darker 75% (fifth row, third option from left).Also in the Format Text Effects dialog box, select Shadow in the left pane, under Shadow in the right pane, click the arrow to the right of Color and under Theme Colors, select Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from left), and the do the following:In the Transparency box, enter 35%.In the Size box, enter 100%.In the Blur box, enter 6 pt.In the Angle box, enter 90 degrees.In the Distance box, enter 4 pt.Also in the Format Text Effects dialog box, select 3-D Format in the left pane, under 3-D Format in the right pane, click the arrow to the right of Top, under Bevel select Art Deco (third row, fourth option from left), and then do the following:To the right of Top, in the Width box, enter 2 pt.To the right of Top, in the Height box, enter 4.4 pt.Under Contour, click arrow to right of Color and under Theme Colors, select Light Yellow, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from left), then set Size to 2pt.Under Surface, click the arrow to the right of Lighting and under Neutral, select Soft (first row, third option from left).Select text. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, select Center Text.Close the Format Text Effects dialog box.To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:

On the Design tab, in the bottom right corner of the Background group, click the arrow at the bottom right to launch the Format Background dialog box. In the Format Background dialog box, select Fill in the left pane, under Fill in the right pane, select Gradient fill, then click the arrow to the right of Type and select Radial.Still in the Fill pane, under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until four stops appear on the slider. Customize the gradient stops as follows:Select the first stop on the slider, and then do the following:In the Position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select Gold, Accent 4, Lighter 80% (second row, eighth option from the left).Select the second stop on the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 26%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select Gold, Accent 4, Lighter 60% (second row, eighth option from the left).Select the third stop on the slider, and then do the following:In the Position box, enter 59%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select Gold, Accent 4, Lighter 40% (fourth row, eighth option from the left).Select the last stop on the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select Gold, Accent 4, Darker 25% (fifth row, eighth option from the left).Close the Format Background dialog box.1

Lighting is a major energy consumer in commercial buildings. Heat generated from electrical lighting also contributes significantly to the energy needed for cooling of buildings.Different tasks require different amounts and types of light.In commercial buildings, lighting typically accounts for 20- 40% of total energy consumption.Lighting is an area that offers many energy efficiency opportunities in almost any building, existing as well as new. A typical commercial building has many lighting requirements and each normally has its own set of options for improving lighting efficiency.The quality of light in majority of situations is as important as the quantity of light. The right quality and quantity of light can be provided efficiently (with less energy) by using the right technology and its effective integration with daylight.Lighting

When a lamp is coupled with its auxiliary equipment (e.g. a ballast or choke) and installed in a luminaire (fixture), it becomes the complete light source.For an Energy-Efficient Lighting Strategy luminaire selection and design should go together.

Basic Element Of The Lighting Design

Efficient Lighting DesignFor efficient lighting design, it is often necessary to involve a skilled lighting designer who combines energy efficiency with good quantity and quality of light needed for the activity and also takes into account several human factors in specifying lighting systems.Optimal lighting solutions can only be reached by considering the integration of daylight, lamps, fixtures, controls, building configurations, interior furnishing, etc. Ideal lighting provides the appropriate level of illumination for the activity with minimum input of energy, with required visual quality.

To supply light when and where it is needed in an appropriate amount and quality to meet the visual needs of the occupant and clarify the form of the space Using effective, energy efficient sustainable practices.Creating a plan

Defining the ProjectOpening AssessmentSetting GoalsDetermining the ScopeEstablishing Strategies

Defining the ProjectLighting for a new space or correction of the existing lightingChanges in the use of the spaceDesire to save energy and stretching of the budget

Opening AssessmentMeeting of owner, occupants, architect, etc. and determining their needs, priorities.Identifying legal constraints building codes, energy codes, local design standards, etc.Identifying uses of space, tasks, activities, age of users, and special visual & illumination needs.Identifying physical challenges and opportunities ceiling height, wall reflectance, obstructions, etc

Lighting GoalsLighting quality/quantity targetsEnergy efficiency level of achievementWorking within the Budget Integration with architecture and other building systemsIntegration of daylight

Determining the ScopeRETROFIT:Use existing luminairesReplace old lamps and ballasts with new, energy efficient versionsREDESIGN: Remove old luminaires, controls and redesign the lighting system using new luminaires and controls to suit the needs of the project.NEW DESIGN: Create a lighting system plan for a new, previously unlit space

Distribution approach : Some spaces are appropriately lit with no more than a general wash of light for circulation and visibility. For eg. task / ambient / accent approach provides a livelier visual atmosphere with ample light where needed for tasking, general illumination for circulation and accent highlights for sparkle and drama.Integration w/ daylight: Daylight can provide information about time and place enhance the visual quality save energy promote sales increase productivity and well-beingEstablishing Strategies

Control strategy : Programmable Switching or dimmingAutomatic or manualArea-Whole building or Whole CampusCode compliance path: The energy code optionsPrescriptiveLighting power allowanceSpace by space or Space as a whole

Establishing Strategies (contd.)Source types: Determined by suitability to lighting objectives & needs Choice of source is an integral part of the luminaire selection processLuminaire types:The proper selection and placement of luminaires is of primary importance to the success of the plan.

LuminaireA complete lighting unit, consisting ofA source (lamp or lamps), A power supply (incl. ballast(s), transformers, etc., if required), and Light distribution control components (reflectors, baffles, lenses, diffusers, etc.), as appropriate, together withA housing, to hold, connect, and provide protection for the other components.

Right luminaire type meets the needs of the situation.Delivers required efficiency, efficacy & effectivenessEase of use adjusting and maintenanceQuality and longevityAppearance visual appeal and styleSelecting Luminaires

Luminaire Types (By Function)

Luminaire Types (fixed, adjustable or portble)

Luminaire Types (By Source)

Luminaire Types (By Distribution)

Luminaire Types (By Mounting)

Maintenance Tips

There are important considerations that need to be made to optimize a design for energy efficiency in lighting: reduction in first costs, reduced operation and maintenance, and increased occupant productivity and comfort. Consider the following: Good lighting also effects the operation and maintenance of a building. A simpler and easy to control lighting system will lower the first cost of the system.Fluorescent lamps last an average of 10 times longer than incandescent and reduce re-lamping labour costs. Cleaning fixtures and lamps at appropriate intervals should be done to maintain optimum lighting output.

Lighting DesignIn lighting designs both lighting quality and energy efficiency have become high priorities. In addition, a wide range of variablesdifferent light sources, fixtures of varying efficiency and photometric, and rooms with a wide range of geometries and surface finishes are also to be considered.

Lamp TechnologiesIncandescent Lamps An incandescent lamp consists of a tungsten wire filament that glows and produces visible light when heated to a high temperature. Unfortunately, 90 to 95 % of the power consumed by the hot filament is emitted as infrared (heat) radiation. Although inefficient from an energy standpoint, the luminous filament can be made quite small, thus offering excellent opportunities for beam control in a very small package.

Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)

The basic fluorescent lamp contains low pressure mercury vapour and inert gases in a partially evacuated glass tube that are lined with phosphors. The high surface brightness of CFLs requires the use of robust rare earth phosphors, such as those used in modern T8 and T5 linear fluorescent lamps, in order to provide acceptable lumen maintenance.CFLs have been substituted for an incandescent lamp using the rule of thumb that a CFL uses only 20-25% power to deliver the same light output.

Fluorescent light operations

High Intensity Discharge Lamps

HID lighting sources are the primary alternative to high-wattage incandescent lamps wherever an intense, concentrated source of light is required. There are three basic types of HID lamps: Mercury Vapour, Metal Halide, and High-Pressure Sodium. Although HID lamps can provide high efficacy, they have special requirements for start-uptime, restrike time, safety, and mounting position.

Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

LEDs use solid-state electronics to create light.

Major elements in the packaging of an LED include a heat sink to dissipate the energy that is not converted into light, a lens to direct the light output, and leads to connect the LED to a circuit.LEDs are increasing in efficacy, light output, and color availability while dropping in cost. High brightness, narrowband, or various-color LEDs are being used increasingly in vehicle signal lights, traffic signal lights, exit signs, and decorative and information display applications.

Fixture & Reflector

The full potential for energy-efficient lighting comes only through intelligent integration of many system variables. These range from the most minute details of lamp design through the blending of lamps, ballasts, reflectors, lenses, and other components. It is not enough to select good lamps and other components. But also understand how these components behave in the field. Lamp positionwhether it is installed base up or base downcan also have a 10 to 20 percent effect on light output from certain sources, such as compact fluorescent lamps.Metallic Mirror/PET Nano Reflector for T5/T8 Fixture

ECBC Compliant Lighting Design StrategyTo make the building lighting energy efficient, critical missteps to watch out for include: Specifying the amount of light for general usage without considering the needs of specific tasks (for example, supplying light for general office work but not addressing the effect of glare on computer screens); Designing a daylighting strategy but not enabling the lighting system to dim or turn off when there is sufficient daylight in the interior space; Supplying inadequate control of lighting by not allowing lights to be adjusted to specific needs (i.e. turned on in groups or banks, or dimmed), and not providing easily accessible control switches; Adding a large window area to the faade for daylighting but ignoring the problems of solar heat gain and the need for shading; Designing/sizing the buildings HVAC system on rules of thumb and not accounting for the reduction in cooling loads created through efficient lighting system.

Building Area MethodSTEP 1: Determine the allowed lighting power density from ECBC for each appropriate building area type. STEP 2: Calculate the gross lighted floor area type.STEP 3: The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the products of the gross lighted floor area of each building area times the allowed LPD for that building area types.

Space Function MethodSTEP 1: Determine the appropriate building type from ECBC and the allowed lighting power density. STEP 2: For each space enclosed by partitions 80% or greater than ceiling height, determine the gross interior floor area by measuring to the center of the partition wall. Including the floor area of balconies or other projections. STEP 3: The lighting power allowance for a space is the product of the gross lighted floor area of the space times the allowed lighting power density for that space. The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the lighting power allowances for all spaces.

Tips for Energy Efficient LightingAny lighting system generates heat that needs to be dissipated . By designing an energy efficient lighting system that integrates daylighting and good controls, heat gains can be reduced significantly. This can reduce the size of the HVAC system resulting in first-cost savings.

Day LightingHuman beings by nature are accustomed to live and work more comfortably in sunlight. As sunlight is free and uses no electricity, both Economics and the imperatives of health and aesthetics favour the practical use of daylight in the buildings. But simply adding a large number of windows to a building can create excessive glare and unwanted heat gain.Day lighting coupled with energy-efficient glazing and good lighting controls can make new and existing buildings efficient, delightful and healthy.

Daylighting TipsDaylighting benefits go beyond energy savings and power reduction. Daylight spaces have been shown to improve peoples ability to perform visual tasks, increase productivity and reduce absenteeism and illness. Building fenestration should be designed to optimize daylighting and reduce the need for electric lighting.

Following tips can help in designing an integrated lighting system:Coordinate with design of electric lightsPlanning the layout of interior spacesusing the layout to allow daylight to penetrate far into the building. Orienting the building to minimize building exposure to the east and west and maximizing glazing on the south and north exposures.Following ECBC Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) requirements for windowsto maximize light and visual quality.

Interior surfaces, and especially the ceiling, must be light coloured.Keeping ceilings and walls as bright as possible.Practice glare control includes the use of adjustable blinds, interior light shelves, fixed translucent exterior shading devices, interior and exterior fins, and louvers.

ControlDaylight strategies do not save energy unless electric lights are turned off or dimmed appropriately. It is important to have properly functioning controls that are placed in appropriate locations and are calibrated to provide a consistent level of lighting. Good lighting design is critical for an energy-efficient and comfortable building. Installing effective placards at lighting controls; Installing dimmers to take advantage of daylighting and where cost-effective; Replacing rheostat dimmers with efficient electronic dimmers;Combine time switching with daylighting using astronomical timeclocks;Control exterior lighting with photocontrols where lighting can be turned off after a fixed interval.

Why use Controls?Energy SavingsMaintenance SavingsProductivity GainsEmployee SatisfactionEnergy CodeCompliance / LEED

Lighting Controls TipsPurpose of Lighting Controls: In many applications, the overall purpose of the lighting control system is to eliminate waste while providing a productive visual environment. This may entail: 1. providing the right amount of light; 2. providing light where its needed.

A few issues to keep in mind while designing controls are: Installing a separate control circuit for each lighting element that operates on a distinct schedule; Where light fixtures are needed in a predictable variety of patterns, installing programmable switches; Installing lighting controls at visible, accessible locations; Where lighting is needed on a repetitive schedule, using timeclock control;Installing occupancy sensors in bathrooms, conference rooms,

Switching or DimmingThe first primary decision after defining the load and the application goals is whether to switch or dim the load. Switching and dimming are stand-alone strategies but are often used in the same facility, and may be integrated in the same control system. Dimming capability should always be incorporated into areas where daylighting is the primary lighting approach. When using photo sensors in a dimming strategy, it is important to properly commission and calibrate it. Failure to do so can sometimes result in more energy use.

Degree of Automation NeededIt is worthwhile to determine the amount of local vs. central control that is needed from the lighting control system. Manual lighting controls range from a single switch to a bank of switches and dimmers that are actuated by toggles, rotary knobs, push buttons, remote control, and other means. Manual controls can be cost-effective options for small-scale situations. However, as the lighting system grows, automated systems become more cost-effective and are better at controlling light . Manual controls often waste energy because the decision to shut off the lights when they are not needed is based entirely on human initiative.

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