energy in ecosystems. review vocabulary producer – makes own food, aka autotrophs. herbivore –...
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Energy in Ecosystems
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Review Vocabulary• Producer – Makes own food, aka autotrophs.• Herbivore – Eats only plants.• Carnivore – Eats only animals.• Omnivore – Eats both plants and animals.• Decomposer – Breaks down dead organisms into simpler substances that can be used by plants as fertilizer.
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•Can be summarized by trophic levels.
• Sun producers primary consumers secondary consumers tertiary consumers.
• Food chains.
• Food webs…
• decomposers
Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
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ProducerPrimaryConsum
er
Secondary
Consumer
TertiaryConsum
er
Food Chains• Can be shows how chemical energy is passed from one organism to another. (The arrow points in the direction energy moves)
• Producers are also called autotrophs.• Consumers are also called heterotrophs.
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Food Webs• Overlapping food chains.
• Prey (hunted).
• Predator (hunter).
• The arrows show the
direction energy travels.
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algae
Which of these are producers?
Which of these are primary consumers?Which of these are secondary consumers?
Which of these are tertiary consumers?
Texas Food Web
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Energy Pyramid• Only about 10% of energy gets transferred to the next trophic level.• The other 90% escapes to the environment ( sweat-perspiration, waste, respiration, release of heat, movement, digestion, other life processes).
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Learning Check•Which organisms are both secondary and tertiary consumers in this partial desert food web?
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Learning Check•What would happen if the lizard population became extinct?•Hawk and snake population would decrease.• Termite and moth population would increase.
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•Matter – Anything that has mass and takes up space (almost everything).• Cycle – Reusing.
Cycling Matter
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Biomass• Renewable energy source from biotic factors.• Plants and animals.• Feces, Manure, etc.• Usually thought of as trash.• Coal, petroleum (came from plantsor animals).
• A tropical rainforest has more biomass than a desert.
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Decay• Dead organism decay or rot.• Decomposers help in the decomposition process• Decomposers: break down dead organisms into simpler substances.• Decomposers: bacteria, fungi, earthworms, dung beetles.
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• Composting – is when someone collects biotic factors and allows then to decompose into fertilizer.• Composting provides natural and organic fertilizer which is both healthy for the soil and environment.• Things needed – leaves, grass, manure, coffee grounds, water, earthworms.• Humus – result of composting: dark, sticky, soil-like mixture, sweet smell.• Temperature increases during composting.
Compost