Energy

Hydrocarbons are fuel

Hydrocarbons (compounds with C and H) have energetic bonds.

They can react with oxygen to release energy.

These reactions are called COMBUSTION.

Combustion reactions look like this:

CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy

Hydrocarbons - numbers

C and H Named by number of carbon atoms and

type of bonds.

1. C = meth 6. C = hex

2. C = eth 7. C = hept

3. C = prop 8. C = oct

4. C = but 9. C = non

5. C = pent 10. C = dec

Organic Chemistry - bonds

If all bonds are single, compound ends in –ane

Formula will be CnH2n+2

If one is double, compound ends in –ene Formula will be CnH2n

If one is triple, compound ends in –yne Formula will be CnH2n-2

ACK! That’s too much! What do I really need to know?

KNOW this

Methane is CH4 (natural gas)

Octane is C8H18 (gasoline)

Coal is mostly just C (but contains some H, O, S, N, and trace elements)

Trace elements include Hg, Pb, Se, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, Se

Coal combustion: C +O2 CO2

Fractional

distillation

separates

components

based on

boiling point.

Alternative Fuels

brainstorm

World vs US

Alternative sources of hydrocarbons Hydraulic fracturing Oil shales, oil sands Methane hydrates in ocean bottom

Using less energy

Cogeneration Green roofs, straw bale houses Energy efficient lighting Insulation

Using solar energy

Active solar home heating Passive solar home heating Solar cookers Photovoltaic cells

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBWi3NtND68 (solar lights)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehDgXrpRlTU (solar water heating)

Other sources

Wind Tidal/wave energy Hydroelectric Biofuels Geothermal Hydrogen