Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensors for Greenhouse/Climate

Control ApplicationsCory Ross (100684747)

Evan Geiger (100769090)Husam Albeldawi (100810274)

Cameron Barr (100794128)

Supervisor: Niall Tait

Agenda• MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVE • MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF LABOUR• COMPONENT CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION

• SENSORS• CO2 SENSOR

• HUMIDITY/TEMPERATURE SENSORS

• MICROCONTROLLER• COMMUNICATION/INTERCONNECT• PC INTERFACING• POWER STORAGE AND CHARGE CONTROL

THE UNIT!• Block Diagram here

Motivation• Wide Variety of Applications in many locations requiring

dynamic and versatile environmental monitoring and control

• Especially effective:• Retrofitting Old Environmental Controls in Existing

Buildings• Warehouse/Storage monitoring• Greenhouse condition monitoring

Management and Distribution of Labour

• Sensor Network and Microcontroller Programming• Node Communication• PC Interface and Power Systems• Design and Construction of a CO2 Sensor

NDIR Spectrum

[1] Steven Lord. Gemini Observatory. http://www.astronomy.ohiostate.edu/~pogge/Ast161/Unit5/Images/atmos_nirtran.png. Accessed Sept 23,2012.

Sensors: CO2

 [2] Buchner, R., et al.: Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on commercializing micro- and nanotechnology (COMS2009). 2009. Copenhagen.

Sensors: Humidity and Temperature

• TMP275 Temperature Sensor • Low power• Digital output, onboard 12-bit ADC

• HIH-5030 Humidity Sensor• low voltage, low power operation• analog output, 0.5% R.H. Accuracy

[4]

[3] http://www.ti.com/product/tmp275[4] http://sensing.honeywell.com/product%20page?pr_id=44871

[3]

Microcontroller

• Silicon labs 8051F996DK• “Ultra-Low” power microcontroller development kit• 150 µA/MHz in active mode• 300 nA sleep mode • Onboard 12 bit ADC• 17 port I/O

[3] http://www.silabs.com/Support%20Documents/TechnicalDocs/C8051F996-DK.pdf

[3]

Communication• Point-to-Point Network Topology • ZigBee Protocol

[5] Faludi, Robert. Wireless Sensor Networks. 1st Edition. Sebastopol: O'Reilly Media, 2011. Print.

Radio Frequency Transceiver• XBee-Pro S2 with Integrated Chip Antenna

• High Performance, Low Power, Low Cost• 295mA Tx Current, 45mA Rx Current (@ 3.3V)• Indoor Range up to 90m• Receiver Sensitivity of -102 dBm

[6] XBee Pro Series 2 Chip Antenna. 2012. MindKits, Auckland. Web. 11 March 2013.

Communication• Serial Interface Protocol: Application Programming

Interface (API)

• Transmit Power Output of Data is +17dBm

[7] "XBee/XBee-PRO ZB RF Modules." Digi International Inc. N.p. Web. 11 March 2013.

PC Interface• Responsible for processing and displaying received data

[8] Devon. Xbee API Packet, Home Automation System - An engineering project. June 5, 2012. www.theskyway.net/en/home-automation-system-an-engineering-project-ee5 (accessed March 10, 2013).

PC Interface• Written in Python• Modules used:

• Matplotlib for plotting• Tkinter for graphics• PIL for imaging• PySerial for data acquisition

• Data processing done here as much as possible to reduce MC power consumption

PC Interface

PC Interface

Charge Control/Storage Circuit

• Voltage Regulator – TI LP2951

• High accuracy output (1.4% at 25 C)

• Steady over Temperature (2%)

• Adjustable output

• Wide input range

• Low Dropout

Charge Control/Storage Circuit

Charge Control/Storage Circuit

Charge Control/Storage Circuit

Charge Control/Storage Circuit

Charge Control/Storage Circuit

Charge Control/Storage Circuit

Charge Control/Storage Circuit

• Rechargeable Batteries Used for charge storage• Can store much more charge and are more stable than

capacitors• 1.2V 2500 mAh C-Cells used• Ni-Metal Hydride

Energy Harvesting• Typical Solar Cell can provide needed 6V input• IXOLAR Mono Solar Cell 42mm x 35mm• 6.3V Output, 50mA Short Circuit Current

Thank You For Your Time!

References• [1] Steven Lord. Gemini Observatory.

http://www.astronomy.ohiostate.edu/~pogge/Ast161/Unit5/Images/atmos_nirtran.png. Accessed Sept 23,2012.

• [2] Buchner, R., et al.: Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on commercializing micro- and nanotechnology (COMS2009). 2009. Copenhagen.

• [3] http://www.ti.com/product/tmp275• [4] http://sensing.honeywell.com/product%20page?pr_id=44871• [5] Faludi, Robert. Wireless Sensor Networks. 1st Edition. Sebastopol: O'Reilly

Media, 2011. Print.• [6] XBee Pro Series 2 Chip Antenna. 2012. MindKits, Auckland. Web. 11 March

2013. • [7] "XBee/XBee-PRO ZB RF Modules." Digi International Inc.. N.p.. Web. 11

March 2013. • [8] Devon. Xbee API Packet, Home Automation System - An engineering

project. June 5, 2012. www.theskyway.net/en/home-automation-system-an-engineering-project-ee5 (accessed March 10, 2013).

•