Energy From WasteEmissions Control and Monitoring

EFW Emissions Control & MonitoringBack groundPermittingDesign & CommissioningMonitoring and ReportingEnvironment Agency – Regulatory ToolsEA Other checks

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Regulatory Process & ChecksBackground

Listed Industrial Activities (Installations) in Environmental Permitting Regulations require a permit.EPR integrates various EC directives including Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) (Chapter IV) into UK law. Requirement for applicants to use Best available Techniques. BATIED includes expected Emission limit Values for EFWs4

Permit Application RequirementsA permit will be granted if we are satisfied that an installation will not cause significant pollution of the Environment.An applicant must provide evidence to support their caseEvidence will include, a BAT review and consideration of the potential effects of emissions on pollution usually done by a Dispersion model.

Permit Application RequirementsBAT review –is an assessment to ensure that current widely available technology of the time is being used and that it can meet proposed emission limit values. There is a European wide document BAT reference(Bref) which is updated to take account in changes in technology.Bref Document is being reviewed currently and is coordinated by European IPPC bureau In Seville.

When do we issue a permitONLY When our Centralised permitting team have assessed the information submitted as part of the application to show that an activity will meet the relevant technical standards and will not cause significant pollution or Harm to human health.Permits are issued with conditions to ensure the facility has to meet the relevant standards for that industry.

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Permitting The permitting process for all EFWs involves consultation with Public Health England and other relevant bodiesDecisions and the reasons for issue or not of any permit are in the Decision Document.Other info – Regulatory Guidance Notes(RGN)

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Modelling H1 assessmentAir dispersion Modelling- EA (AQMAU)audits submissions. EA doesn’t recommend particular Models but they must be validated and meet the criteria in our modelling policy.Part of this is that validation data is public and should be available on the web.Two common models ADMS and AERMOD

Modelling continuedModels Calculate anticipated ground level concentrations from a point source emissionThey take into account weather patterns, topography , sensitive receptors, back ground concentrations of measured pollutants Back ground data sets are available from DEFRA from Local Authority monitoring stations.EA does not normally require Operators to carry out Back ground Monitoring

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Modelling (Continued)Specific models looking at potential for Dioxin in take are used HHRAP (developed in the USA )and the HMIP model.These can compare the predicted emissions with the Tolerable daily intake figure, which is based on the amount that can be safely ingested daily over a lifetime .

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Comparison of ELVs and achievable operational results

DeterminandIED and Permit

ELV Daily AV

ELV1/2hrly Av

CO 50 100

HCl 10 60

NOx 200 400

TOC 10 20

Particulates 10 30

SO2 50 200

Determinand reported values

Daily Av

1/2hrlyAv

CO 11 13

HCL 8 32

NOx 149 239

TOC 1 6

Particulates 1 1

SO2 19 56

Modern Moving grate EFW with , Urea , bag filters lime and Activated carbon abatement

Greatmoor Farm EFWPermit was issued on 9th May 2012Permit no is EPR-UP3734HT

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Design minimises pollution potentialCombustion Min 850 for 2 secs after secondary air.XS air to ensure complete combustion,Addition of Urea or ammonia to Treat NOxProcess monitoring of

Temp

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Design -continuedHeat transfers to Boiler – exhaust gas cools and contracts.Boiler design-to ensure quick passage of gas through “dioxin forming Zone”.Boiler tube rapping- reduces build up of ash and alkali metal deposits-reduces sites for Dioxin production

Design -continuedIn line monitors inc HCL monitor to help automate reagent additionLime and activated carbon added to treat Acid gases, and remove Dioxins and heavy metals Bag filter- High level of particulate removal

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CommissioningRelatively Short term process that ensures the Plant being constructed can meet its demands;Emission standards Energy production ReliabilityEstablish the normal operating window for the plant

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Monitoring –of Operational PlantProcess monitoringEmissions monitoring –Air, WaterRaw material usage Ash sampling- APCR and IBA

Monitoring (Continuous Emissions Monitors)

CEMS-monitors exhaust gases at a safe location .In Stack or Gases piped back to CEMS room for analysis.CEMS-NOx,SO2,TOC,CO, HCl and particulatesO2, Pressure, H2O

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Monitoring- PeriodicWhere there is no

Currently available continuous monitoring method.

Equipment brought to site. Monitoring Methods in accordance with European standards

Quarterly for 1st year then BiannualHF, Cadmium and Thallium and compounds , Hg,Sb,As,Pb,Cr,Co,Cu,Mn,Ni and VDioxin/ Furans

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Monitoring- Quality AssuranceEquipment and monitoring methods must be in accordance with IED EN 14181 ,MCerts scheme and method is specified in permit.CEMS – equipment , operation and location is Quality assured to ensure correct collection of data and valid results.Initial approval and certification (QAL1),3 yearly check in situ (QAL 2) and Annual Surveillance test to check CEMS is functioning appropriatelyConstant ongoing checks to ensure CEMS is not drifting and responding to ranges of pollutants correctly (QAL3)

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Monitoring GuidanceTechnical guidance Notes M1, M2, M20

Method of Implementation Documents for each monitoring Method

Everything can be found on Gov.uk

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Ash MonitoringTwo types of Ash producedAPCR – a mixture of the finer particles from the

boiler plus lime and activated carbon.IBA- A mixture of heavy inert fractions and metal

items from the grate.Tested for organic content to check waste is

being burnt properly .Tests to establish waste category Heavy metals

,PCBs, Dioxins

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EA Regulatory checksRandom inspections –Check permit compliance and actual and Potential environmental risk AuditsMonitoring data reviewOPRA- Non compliance results in increased chargesEnforcement : Notices, permit variation , suspension or revocation. Civil sanctions , prosecutionAccountability – All data supplied in connection with permit condition is publicly available25

EA – Other ChecksAuditing of Monitoring ContractorsChecking monitoring methodsAuditing LabsAuditing monitoring locationsMcerts scheme- Competence of individual staff and Companies. Companies and equipment

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ReportingMonitoring results

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Permit Conditions require operator to report results . Usually 1 month after reporting period Waste input.Summary of operation Electricity generated , reagents used electricity and water used. Operator is required to Notify (within 24hrs) of breach of condition or of a malfunction that may cause pollutionFailure to Notify or report is a breach of permit

Other sources of Info

Gov. Uk Latest Report published yesterday on Particulate emissions from EFWs ref ( ED58429013)Contact details:Environment Agency Incident service 0800 807060 24hrs 7 days a week Customer services0370 8506506

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