energy factsheet

ENERGY ACCESS &RENEWABLE ENERGY

Factsheet

RENEWABLE ENERGY | 1 | FACTSHEET

Energy poverty in India

Access to electricity

A significant number of Indian households continue to rely on kerosene for lighting. Although the electricity grid has reached a large part of the country, supply is stillunreliable and of poor quality. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Assam consume more than50 per cent of the total kerosene used for lighting in the country.

Sources of basic lighting in India

Source: Census of India, 2011


Electricity

Kerosene31.43

67.25

No lighting0.47

Biomass, wood0.20Other oils

0.20Solar

0.44

Figures in percentage

Energy poverty in India Share of households using electricity and kerosene for lighting

IndiaJammu & KashmirHImachal Pradesh

PunjabChandigarh

UttarakhandHaryana

NCT of DelhiRajasthan

Uttar PradeshBihar

SikkimArunachal Pradesh

NagalandManipurMizoram

TripuraMeghalaya

AssamWest Bengal

JharkhandOdisha

ChhattisgarhMadhya Pradesh

GujaratDaman & Diu

Dadra & Nagar HaveliMaharashtra

Andhra PradeshKarnataka

GoaLakshadweep

KeralaTamil NaduPuducherry

A&N Islands

Electricity

Kerosene

Lack of access to electricity is a chronic problem in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, Odisha andJharkhand. Half the households in these states are yet to be connected to the grid.


0 20 40 60 80 100Percentage


The states with least access to grid power, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, along with West Bengal, are thelargest users of decentralised solar applications for lighting. When the grid power has not reached a largenumber of households, there is a clear demand for decentralised renewable energy solutions.

States using decentralised solar for their lighting needs



0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000

A&N IslandsPuducherryTamil Nadu

KeralaLakshadweep

GoaKarnataka

Andhra PradeshMaharashtra

Dadra & Nagar HaveliDaman & Diu

GujaratMadhya Pradesh

ChhattisgarhOdisha

JharkhandWest Bengal

AssamMeghalaya

TripuraMizoramManipur

NagalandArunachal Pradesh

SikkimBihar

Uttar PradeshRajasthan

NCT of DelhiHaryana

UttarakhandChandigarh

PunjabHImachal PradeshJammu & Kashmir

Number of households


Energy poverty in India

The burning question

Sixty six years since independence, nearly 700 million people in India depend on firewoodfor cooking using traditional cookstoves. India has a long way to go before every household has access to clean cooking fuel.

Households in India using various sources of cooking fuel


Any other0.49

Biogas0.41

Electricity0.10


Firewood

49.14

LPG28.64

Crop residue

8.88

Kerosene2.91

Coal,Lignite,Charcoal1.45

Cowdung cake7.97


Cooking fuel use in urban and rural households in India

Urban India burns fossil fuel subsidies, while rural India burns biomass. The use of firewood on traditional cookstoves is prevalent in Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.


Rural Urban

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

68

42

62.5

20.1

12.3

1.4

10.9

1.7 0.82.9

7.5

0.7

11.4

65

0.1 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.5

No cooking

Total Firewood Cropresidue

Coal,Lignite,Charcoal

LPG ElectricityCowdungcake

Kerosene Biogas Anyother

0.1 0.4



Wind power

30,178.90

2,208.36

99.08

2,512.881,285.60

3,774.15

20,298.83

Current renewable energy achievements

Total Solar power Waste-to-energy

Biogas cogeneration

Biomass power& gasification

Small hydropower

The focus of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy policies has shifted from smalloff-grid systems to grid-connected renewable energy. This is visible from the fact that renewable energy has grown from almost 20,000 MW in March 2011 to 30,000 MW inJanuary 2014 — a growth of 50 per cent in less than three years.

Grid-interactive power

Source: Ministry of new and renewable energy

Actual (MW) as on January 31, 2014


973.13

0 10.18

159.77

2.18

146.40

17.63

517.34

119.63

Off-grid/captive power

Total Biogasbased energy system

Watermills/micro hydel

Aero-genrators/

hybrid systems

Biomassgasifiers

(industrial)

SPV systems

Biomassgasifiers(rural)

Biomass (non-bagase)cogenerration

Waste-to- energy


Off-grid achievements have been more or less contributed by industrial units for captivepower generation. Bagasse-based cogeneration and industrial biomass gasifiers are themajor contributors.

Actual (MW) as on January 31, 2014


14,6

60.8

1

12,2

30.0

0

939.

74

50.0

0 1,36

9.70

1,20

0.00

46.2

0

80.0

0

626.

0050

0.00 1,41

9.17

1,40

0.00

10,2

60.0

0

Actual (MW) as on March 31, 2012 Target (MW)

9,00

0.00

11th Five-Year Plan (2007-2012)

Capacity addition through grid-interactive renewable power


11th Five-Year Plan should be considered a success by any standards for renewable energy.The cost of generation of renewable energy came down significantly during this period.

Solar powerTotal Bagasse cogeneration

Waste-to-energy

Biomasspower

Small hydropower

Wind power


Source: Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017), Economic Sectors - Volume II

532.

75

401.

75

46.6

4

20.0

0

1.14

1.75

63.2

3

67.0

0

336.

59

255.

00

85.1

5

58.0

0

Capacity addition through off-grid interactive renewable power

Total

Actual (MW) as on March 31, 2012 Target (MW)

SPV systems

Aero-generators/hybrid system

Gasifier Non-bagasse cogeneration

Waste-to-energy(urban+indistrial)


Source: Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017), Economic Sectors - Volume II

12th Five-Year Plan (2012-2017)

Targets for renewable energy for the 12th plan

In addition to continuing existing policies for development of renewable energy, several new measures have been identified to accelerate the pace of deployment in the country.

Grid-interactive Renewable Power(MW)Grid Interactive SolarGrid Connected WindOther Renewable SourcesTotal

Off-grid/Distributed Renewable Power (MWe)Cogeneration from bagasseSolar Off-Grid ApplicationsWaste to EnergyBio Gas Based Decentralised PowerOthers (Biomass Gasifiers, Micro-hydel)Total

Renewables for Rural applications (Cooking)Biogas Plants (million)National Biomass Cookstoves Programme (million)Solar Cookers (Box type + Dish type)Solar Cooking in schools for mid-day scheme (Schools in lakhs)

Renewable Energy for Urban, Industrial and Commercial ApplicationsSolar Water Heating Systems (million sq.m of collector area)Solar Air Heating System (sq m.)CST based systems for community cooking (sq.m.)CST based system for air-conditioning (125 systems, 30TR)CST based systems for process heat (225 systems, 250 sq.m. area each)

Solar CitiesNew Solar Cities in addition to existing target of 60 cities and pending liabilities.Model and Pilot Solar Cities.Green TownshipsTourist/Religious/ Important Places

Alternate Fuel Vehicles (in numbers)

Power Generation from HydrogenStationery Power Generation (KW)Hydrogen/H-CNG Stations (nos)Demonstration projects for Hydrogen/H-CNG vehicles

Power Generation from Fuel CellStationery Power Generation (KW)Back- up units for telecom towers (MW/nos)Fuel cell Vehicles

10,00015,0005,00030,000

2,0001,000200501503,400

0.73.53.55.0

6-50,00040,00053,750

15-25150

2,75,000

4,00010500

1010/2000100

Proposed Twelth Plan TargetsProgramme


1. A capacity addition of 30,000 MW of grid-connected renewable power is proposed.

• Institutional mechanisms to accelerate adoption of renewable power by states in the form of renewable purchase obligations are sought to be enforced by bringing in an amendment into the Electricity Act, 2003

• To ensure volumes, generation-based incentives will be continued

• It has been proposed to restrict upfront subsidy for small hydro plants of capacity 10 MW or less from the existing 25 MW

2. A capacity addition target of 3,400 MW foroff-grid distributed renewable power is proposed

• The incentives for such projects would be sourced from a pool of funds originating fromNational Clean Energy Fund, CSR activities and tax-free donations

3. Renewable energy for cooking• Continue biogas and solar cooker

programme• Solar cooking could be promoted under

mid-day meal programme

4. Renewable energy for rural electricity access• Models like solar home lighting systems

through banking system, entrepreneur based biomass gasifier models for providing basic electricity and micro hydro systems will continue to be supported

• Special emphasis to be given to pumped water storage hydro plants to address intermittency in solar and wind technology

5. Off-grid solution for industrial, commercialand buildings applications

• Existing scheme on solar water heaters will continue with a review on capital subsidy

• Green building programme and solar city initiative will be expanded to new cities

Major New Initiatives

1. National Institute of Solar Energy: Undertaking applied research, demonstration and developmentin solar energy including solar hybrid areas.

2. National Bioenergy Corporation of India: Set up to implement bioenergy mission including cook stove programme.

3. Renewable Energy Development Fund: Creation of a Renewable Energy Development fund has been proposed to fill the gap between the sector’s financing needs and the amount that falls short of the banks’ obligations to their lending to this priority sector.

4. National Bioenergy Mission: In view of the success of biomass-based off-grid renewable models in rural areas of Bihar, a Biomass Mission has been proposed to create a policy framework for attracting investment and to facilitate rapid development of commercial biomass energy market.

5. Renewable Power Evacuation Infrastructure: Special emphasis will be placed on creating evacuation infrastructure and transmission facilities for renewable power in a time-bound manner to support the large expansion in consumption and production of renewable power and optimal utilisation of transmission system.

6. National Biomass Cook Stove Programme: The initiative plans to universalise access of improved biomass cook stoves by providing assistance in exploring technology deployments, biomass processing and delivery models leveragingpublic-private partnerships.


Notes

www.cseindia.org

www.shaktifoundation.in


energy factsheet

Documents

census of india

rural india

factsheet renewable

indiaurban india

percentage renewable

india share of households

factsheet energy poverty

rural households