energy efficiency in kuwait: past, current & futurecss.escwa.org.lb/sdpd/3457/ppt1-1.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Regional Workshop on:
“Developing a Regional Energy Efficiency Investment Pipeline”
UN ESCWA
19-20 June 2014
El-Gouna, Hourghada, Egypt
Energy Efficiency in Kuwait: Past, Current & Future
Ali Ebraheem Hajiah, Ph.D.
Energy and Building Research Center
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
Outline
Importance of Energy Efficiency (EE)
Kuwait Energy Scenario
Energy & Utility Facts
Building Energy Code of Practice
EE Challenges & Opportunities
KISRs EE Technologies Program
Supporting & Leading Agents (Role of KFAS)
Solutions and Recommendations
3
Global Energy Demand
Percentages growth in
global energy demand by
2030:
• Conventional Source:
– Oil 1.4%
– Gas 1.8%
– Coal 1.8%
• Alternative Sources:
– Nuclear 1.4%
– Hydro 1.9%
– Biomass 1.3%
• Renewable sources:
– Solar 9.6%
– Wind 12.4%
Source : The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2030, ExxonMobil
5
Key Strategies to Conserve Fossil Fuels Worldwide
• Improve EE of processes and equipment
consuming fossil fuels such as power plants,
transportation etc.
• Implement EE & conservation programs.
• Maximize use of hydro power and build nuclear
power plants.
• Use RE resources.
Why go for energy efficiency? (Savings cheaper than production)
Cost of 1 kW:
• New power plant investment
• Energy efficient building investment
S$ / kW
1600
S$ / kW
300
Energy efficient building,
Malaysia
7
Energy Efficiency, The Big Picture
Kuwait’s Local Primary Energy (oil & natural gas) Consumption by Sector
Percentage Sector
48% Residential
8% Governmental
12% Industrial
7% Commercial
15% In Power Plants
10% Lost from Grid
100% Total
Electricity Consumption (%) in Kuwait by Sector
Power and Energy Demand in Kuwait
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
ly P
eak D
em
and (
MW
)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Monthly Peak Power Demand in Kuwait
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Pecenta
ge o
f M
ax.
MW
Time
peak load (MW)
Ratio of the Peak
Hourly demand in the peak day of 2011 (July 27, 2011)
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Rati
o R
ela
tive 1
992
Population
Per Capita Energy Consumption
Per capita energy consumption and population growth of Kuwait between 1992 and 2011
Type Number of
Buildings Percentage of
Total
Private Residential 390,213 86.3%
Governmental Residential 1,448 0.3%
Commercial 45,685 10.1%
Industrial 1,832 0.4%
Agricultural 4,597 1.0%
Services 937 0.2%
Governmental 7,553 1.7%
Total 452,265
Types and number of buildings in Kuwait, 2011
y = 195.69x - 1395.2 R² = 0.9601
y = 155.54x - 1253.3 R² = 0.978
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Month
ly E
lectr
ical
Consu
mpti
on (
GW
h)
Monthly Average Temperature (C)
2011
2005
2733.3
2012.8
Monthly Electrical Load versus Monthly Average Ambient Temperature for Kuwait in 2005 and 2011
• AC and lighting of buildings account for nearly 85% of peak electric power and 60% of annual electrical consumption.
• Fuel share in power plants is 84% for electricity and 16% for water.
• Subsidies electricity charges. Actual cost 40 fils/Kwh.
• Energy Charge only, flat rate of 2 fils/Kwh.
• No demand charge.
Energy & Utility Facts about Kuwait
Building Energy Code of Practice in Kuwait, Past:
Basic energy conservation requirements:
– limits A/C peak power (Watt) per unit area (m2) for air- and water-cooled A/C systems as well as lighting for: • Residential buildings. • Commercial buildings (including office,
shops, mosques, schools ... etc.).
The 1983 code was developed by MEW, MPW and KISR:
– Applicable to all new and retrofitted buildings of all types.
The code covers electrical installations :
– Regulations including their operations energy and conservation measures in buildings.
1983 codes are documented in the following publications:
– (MEW / R-1) Regulations for electrical installations.
– (MEW/R-2) Procedures for approval of electrical and A/C drawings and connection of power supply for construction and buildings projects.
– (MEW/ R-3) Electrical load form and explanatory notes.
– (MEW / R-4) Regulations for testing of electrical installations before connection of power supply.
– (MEW / R-5) General guidelines for energy conservation in buildings.
– (MEW/R-6) Code of practice for energy conservation in buildings and appendices.
– (MEW / R-7) Rules and regulations for design of A/C system and equipment.
– (MEW/R-8) Rules and regulations for handing over engineering services (electrical and mechanical) to the maintenance authority.
– (MEW / S-1) General specifications for electrical installations.
MEW/ R-6 2010 Building Energy Code of Practice in Kuwait, Current:
2010فبراير 1، نافذ من تاريخ 2010لسنة ( 9)قرار وزاري رقم
Type of Application for
Building per end-use sector
Peak load requirements for
Air–conditioning (w/m2)
Peak load requirements for Internal lighting (w/m2)
Air Cooled Units Water Cooled units
Residential
Single residence
Multiple family residence
65
65
45
45
15
Commercial
Offices
Shops
i. With no electrical equipment
ii. With electrical equipment
iii. Shopping centers
iv. Supermarkets with basement
75
90
90 + heat gen.
80
80
50
60
60+heat gen.
56
56
30
60
60
60
Institutional
Massjeds (mosques)
School classrooms
Theaters & community halls
120
100
145
80
65
100
30
30
30
Special installations
Industrial sheds, warehouses,
factories, workshops … etc.
Minimum EC requirements with no peak
load (w/m2) criterion is applied. *KISR report (1986 & 2010)
Summary of the Basic Energy Conservation Requirements for different Buildings end-use in Kuwait*
Strategy Workshop.ppt
Overview
Develop
solutions
for
sustainable
energy
supply and
demand for
Kuwait
Reduce
demand
Supply
optimisation
and
diversification
Energy Efficient
Technologies (EET)
Innovative and
Renewable Energy (IRE)
Solution Areas Grand Challenge
One of Kuwait’s primary challenges is to develop solutions for
sustainable energy supply and demand for Kuwait – peak power
demand is forecasted to exceed capacity
Program Framework
KISRs EET Program’s Logic, Current & Future
Reduce
demand for
primary
energy and
electricity
The built
environmentIncorporation of sustainable
features – district-level
Incorporation of sustainable
features – new buildings
Indoor Air Quality and Thermal
Comfort
Industry
Energy
Efficient
Technologies
Industrial Energy Efficiency
Technologies
Energy efficient design and
construction – new buildings
Power
generationEnergy Efficiency Enhancement in
Power Stations
Control & operation of systems
(new and existing buildings)
Energy Performance of Existing
Buildings
Road Map for the EET Program
EET 1 Develop and Update Building
energy code and design
guidelines
EET 2 Guidelines for Verification of
Building Energy Code
Compliance and Energy
Labelling
EET 3 Assess IAQ&Th comfort levels
and IAQ&Th comfort code
Indoor Air Quality & Thermal Comfort
EET 3
Energy Efficient Design & Construction – New Buildings
EET 2
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2025 2030202020192010
EET 1
EET 3
EET
2EET 2
Smart Operation Strategies
(new and existing buildings)
Energy Performance of
Existing Buildings
EET 4
EET 5 EET 5
EET 4 Development of smart
operation strategies for
building systems (new and
existing buildings)
EET 5 Energy performance of
existing buildings
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2025 2030202020192010
EET 6 Energy efficiency assessment of
petroleum refinery
EET 7 Assessment of power and
energy saving potential in
industries
EET 8 Energy efficiency assessment of
cement production
EET 9 Energy efficiency enhancement
in power stations
Industrial Energy Technologies
Future area defined by
output of EET 7
EET 6
EET 8
EET 7
Power Generation
EET 9 Future area defined by
output of EET 9
Project 2:
Development of procedures for verification of building energy code compliance
Objective
• To develop procedures for verification of building
energy code compliance and certification/energy
labeling of new and existing buildings
Customer
MEW, NHA
Resourcing
R=50%
Timing
1 year, starting 2011
Projects List for EET Program, Selected:
Project 5:
Energy Performance of Existing Buildings
Objective
• To identify and evaluate cost effective-energy efficiency measures (use of reflective paints, application of solar films, and use of weather strips for windows) for existing buildings
• To develop guidelines for implementing cost-effective measures for enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings and systems
• To develop guidelines for better maintenance practices for components of building and its systems for minimizing their performance degradation
Customer
MEW
Resourcing
R=50%; P=50%; T=100%
Timing
10 years, starting date: 2010
Operational
Strategy
Efficient Building
Envelope Efficient
Building
Systems
(HVAC,
lighting)
EE Elements in Buildings
29
Building Envelope, Past:
Window to wall ratio: 10%
Materials:
Architectural Features:
Window to wall ratio: 15-20%
Materials:
Architectural Features:
Window to wall ratio: 30-50%
Materials:
Architectural Features:
Building Envelope, Current:
Peak-Demand Annual Energy Use
Impact On Annual Energy Use of Temperature Settings During Occcupied Period
for a Residential Building in Kuwait
125,000
130,000
135,000
140,000
145,000
150,000
155,000
160,000
165,000
20 21 22 23 24 25
Temperature Setting (C)
En
erg
y U
se
(k
Wh
)
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
Savin
gs (
%)
Energy Savings
Impact On Peak Demand of Temperature Settings During Occcupied Period
for a Residential Building in Kuwait
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
20 21 22 23 24 25
Temperature Setting (C)
Peak D
em
an
d (
kW
)
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
Savin
gs (
%)
Peak Demand Savings
Operating or Design Measure
Savings for One Villa
Savings for the Private Residential Sector in Kuwait
Energy Use
(kWh)
Peak Demand
(kW)
Energy Use
(Million of kWh)
Peak Demand
(MW)
Temperature setting increase from 21oC to 24oC
13,580
1.1
419
34
Use a cooling system with EER=14 instead of EER=10
22,970
6.42
709
198
Use CFLs rather than Incandescent Lighting
15,600
2.8
482
86
Stimulate, support and invest in initiatives and human
resources that contribute to the building of a strong
STI system and culture and fostering an enabling environment.
The initiatives include improving public understanding of science;
strengthening innovation and research capacity and
enhancing the enabling cultural environment; supporting
the gifted and talented; translating knowledge into
innovation; and encouraging private technology capabilities.
Mission
Objective
Innovation in
Science and
Technology
Supporting the gifted
and talented
3
Advocacy of
Scientific Culture
Contribute to the
building of a strong STI
system and culture and
fostering an enabling
environment
1
Scientific
Research
Improve public
understanding of
science; strengthening
research capacity and
enhancing the enabling
culture
2
Innovation and
Enterprise
(Private Sector
STI)
Enhancing innovation;
translating
knowledge into
innovation;
and encouraging private
technology
capabilities
4
Strategic
Thrusts
KFAS – Supporters for EE & RE
Political commitment for EE is a must. A clear & comprehensive energy plan and policy with targets & specified dates. Adequate & up-to-date codes, guides and standards. Issuance of electricity act that include measures to
promote EE.
Solutions & Recommendations
R&D, demonstration, testing and implementation of EE technologies.
Small and large scale applications of EE technologies.
Training and information dissemination.
Solutions and Recommendations
Electric Utilities (MEW) Must Encourage Reduction of Peak Demand
Demand & energy rates
Summer vs. winter rates
Time of day rates
Demand Side Management (DSM) incentive for peak reduction (KD. per peak kW saved)
Building As Power Plant (BAPP)
