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Energy Efficiency in Data Centers What matters most to the computer designers at Google is not speed, but power - low power, because data centers can consume as much electricity as a city Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google Diljot Singh Grewal 1

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Some Facts Data centers consumed 235 billion KWH of energy 2 worldwide(2010). Datacenters consumed 1.3% of total electricity consumption of the world(as on august 2011) In 2000 DC used 0.53%, which almost doubled to 0.97% in 2005, by 2010 it rose only to 1.3% A rack drawing 20 KWH at 10cents per KWH uses more than 17000$ in electricity. 2

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Energy Efficiency 3

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Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) 4

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Reasons: Staged Deployment Fragmentation Following Nameplate Ratings Variable Load Excessive/Inefficient Cooling Excessive/ Inefficient humidity controls 5

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6-12% loss 115kV to 13.2kV Loss ~0.5% Loss in Wires ~1-3% Chillers consume 30 50% of IT Load. CRAC units consume 10-30% of IT Load 8

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Improving Infrastructure Increasing Temperature to 27 C from 20 C. Isolate hot exhaust air from intake Using High Efficiency UPS and other gear Google Achieved a PUE of 1.1 by 9 Better air flow and Exhaust handling. Temperature of Cold Aisle at 27 C Cooling Tower uses Water evaporation Per server UPS that has Efficiency of 99.99% instead of facility wide UPS 11

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Googles PUE over the years 12

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Humidity Control Condensation on Cooling coils can reduce the humidity Low (