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Webinar on the Energy

Efficiency Market and Energy

Service Companies in ChinaKarl Upston-Hooper, 8 May 2014

A project funded by the European Union

Speaker biography

Karl Upston-Hooper, General Counsel

GreenStream Network plc

Karl Upston-Hooper is the General Counsel of GreenStream Network plc, a position

he has held since 2006. GreenStream is a leading Nordic company focused on

energy efficiency and climate opportunities in China. As General Counsel, Karl has

lead the design and implementation of GreenStream’s ESCO business in China, is a

director of GreenStream’s China subsidiaries, manages the operation of

GreenStream’s proprietary carbon funds and acted as advisor to various

Scandinavian governments and international financial institutions.

Karl holds an LLB and LLM (Hons) from Victoria University of Wellington and an LLM

(summa cum laude) from Katholieke Universitiet Leuven and is currently completing

his Doctorate of Law at the University of Eastern Finland. He is a Board member of

the International Emissions Trading Association, Associate Editor of the Carbon and

Climate Law Review, Chairman of the Business Partnership for Market Readiness (an

initiative in co-operation with the World Bank) and teaches Climate Law at the

University of Eastern Finland

Agenda

• Energy Efficiency and the 12th Five Year Plan

• What is EPC & ESCO?

• The evolution of ESCOs in China

• GreenStream’s Experience in China

• Business Model

• Challenges

• Lessons Learned

• The EFFI Programme: An example of how to support

green tech SMEs growth in China

Chapter 1 – Why Energy Efficiency?

China’s Energy Problem

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China’s energy intensity (per unit of GDP) is 4.32 times that of the EU

China’s Energy Solutions

• 11th Five Year Plan set a target of cutting energy

consumption per unit of GDP by 20%

• Top-1000 Enterprises programme launch in 2006

• 12th Five Year Plan requires:• 16% reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP

• 17% reduction in GHG emission per unit of GDP

• For example: 5% reduction in energy consumption per ton of steel

• For example: 22% reduction in energy consumption per ton of paper

• Pilot GHG emission trading schemes

• Massive investment in renewables and nuclear

In January 2014 U.S. Embassy in Beijing registered a PM2.5 level of 671, about 26

times higher than the level considered safe by the World Health Organization

Chapter 2 – What is ESCO?

What is EPC & ESCO?

• An energy service company (“ESCO”) is one that undertakes energy performance contracting

(“EPC”) with energy users

• The structure of the EPC may vary:

• Shared Savings Contracts: ESCO finances the investment in return for an agreed share of

the value of energy savings for an agreed period, after which the asset ownership is

transferred to the energy user. May, with larger projects, involve MRV of actual savings.

• Guaranteed Energy Savings Contracts: Energy user finances (and owns the asset) with

ESCO providing design/implementation services and a performance guarantee. Penalties

against the ESCO will be included if minimum performance levels not reached.

• Outsourcing Contracts: Long-term provision by the ESCO of key energy outcomes (power,

steam, heat etc) resulting in operating cost savings for the energy user.

• Industrial sector are the predominant consumer of energy efficiency services, and unlike Europe

and the US, public sector entities have yet to embrace the EPC model

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“Energy Performance Contracting” means an energy conservation service mechanism whereby an energy service

company and energy user entity contractually agree on the energy savings target of the energy conservation project,

the energy service company provides the necessary services for the realisation of the energy savings target, and the

energy user entity pays for the energy service company’s investment and reasonable profit from the energy savings

results – National Standard GB/T 24915-2010

Shared Savings in a Nutshell

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Energy

Costs

Maintenance

Costs

Energy

Costs

Maintenance

Costs

Energy

Savings

X% to ESCO

Y% to User

for agreed

number of years

with or without

MRV

with or without

subsidies

Chapter 3 – The Evolution of ESCOs in China

History of ESCO in China

• The China Energy Conservation Project established by

the World Bank in 1998 to fund three pilot ESCOs

(Beijing, Shandong & Liaoning) and establish the

Energy Management Company Association (“EMCA”) of

China

• Evolved into $558m CHUEE programme of the IFC

designed to support local financing of EPC projects

• EMCA, with over 500 members, is now an active

knowledge hub for ESCO in China

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Growth of EPC in China

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Total Energy Performance Contracting Investment in China, 2003-2010 (USD Millions)

Total Energy Performance Contracting Investment in China, 2003-2010

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Source: EMCA, 2010 China ESCO Industry Summit meeting proceedings

EMCs in China

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• EMC market in China is large and a number of companies are active there

Over 2300 companies registered as ESCOs in China but…technology transfer, financing and project management is unique

Top-4 EMCs contributed 40% of energy saving realised by Top-100 EMCs

Top-10 EMCs: 56%

Top-20 EMCs: 71%

Top-100 EMCs: 100%

Top 20 ESCO Companies

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36,604

37,500

38,138

38,529

42,000

42,000

45,687

48,439

50,046

58,115

59,800

72,627

77,000

77,200

81,536

81,935

153,846

200,000

224,100

587,089

Beijing HerropSys 北京和隆优化控制技术有限公司

HaiSheng Artificial Environment 沈阳海盛人工环境有限公司

ZhongYiNeng thermal 包头市中益能供热技术有限公司

Gansu Minghai 甘肃铭海节能技术有限公司

Jiangxi Huadian 江西华电电力有限责任公司

SuZhou JiNeng Elctro 苏州吉能电子科技有限公司

ZhongJi Energy 上海中际能源科技有限公司

YunMai 云南云迈新能源开发有限公司

Siemens China 西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司

Beijing KINEETA北京仟亿达科技有限公司

RanHe Energy Conservation赤峰和然节能技术服务有限责任公司

Eastern GreenSource 东方绿源节能环保工程有限公司

Ordos City Sustainability 内蒙古鄂尔多斯循环经济研发有限公司

CECEP Industrial Energy Consveration 中节能工业节能有限公司

SET Institute, China Petro 中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院

Zhejiang EcoWell 浙江科维节能技术有限公司

SuZhou Best Area Power 苏州太谷电力有限公司

Beijing SNTA 北京思能达节能电气股份有限公司

Schneider-Electric China 施耐德电气（中国）有限公司

CECEP Technology and Investment 中节能科技投资有限公司

Current State of Play

• Government prioritizing EMC by providing financial support,

ensuring the government and municipalities lead by example,

targeted policy support and development of contractual standards

and norms (transparency, low transaction costs)

• Full tax relief for EMC projects during three first years, and 50%

relief for subsequent three years, improving the profitability of

energy saving investments

• Top-1000 Energy Consuming Enterprises Programme to be

expanded to Top-10,000 enterprises

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Public bodies shall “fully recognize the importance of promoting energy performance contracting

and developing ESCOs, take effective measures, and actively create a favourable policy

environment for accelerating the development of the ESCO industry”.

– State Council of China, 2 April 2010

Chapter 4 – GreenStream’s Experience

GreenStream in China

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GreenStream‘s ESCO Model

• Utilising Nordic cleantech, often from SME’s without access to

Chinese market

• Leveraging existing relationships with Chinese industrial energy

users developed through previous carbon business

• Based around a strong local team, with 19 people in our Beijing

office

• Using the shared savings model, without dependency on support

measures

• Financed by GreenStream and Finnfund, with additional leveraging

of capital cost sought from local finance partners (especially those

eligible under the CHUEE programme)

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Henglian ESCO Example

• Installation of vacuum system of

Runtech Systems (Finnish SME) in

Henglian Paper Mill in Nov 2013

generating 35% energy savings over

the baseline

• annual savings of 2500 MWh of

electricity, 688.800 m3 of water, 1503 t

of steam, 507 TCE of standard coal

and overall 2670 tCO2e emission

reductions

• Secondary benefits of higher quality

paper and more flexible industrial

process

• Henglian Shandong Group requesting

additional installations given success of

the project

• Regular monthly payments of shared

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Lessons Learned

• Blend of Competencies required:

• Technical skills and project management experience

• Financing and risk management

• Relationship with energy users and technology providers

• Despite high level political support there is still ignorance (and

even mistrust) of the ESCO concept by lower level regulators

• Energy users are focused on turn-key technology based

solutions rather than integrated service offerings

• The lack of liberalisation in currency and electricity markets

create barriers to more effective use of EPC in China

• Local financial entities becoming interest in ESCO industry

but have yet to fully engage

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EFFI Concept for the Chinese Industrial

Market

• Create business opportunities to

Finnish SME companies with

energy efficiency solutions

• Find essential information on

business practices in Chinese

industry

• Improve competitiveness of

participating companies in Chinese

market

• Develop feasible cooperation model

• Enhance visibility of Finnish energy

efficiency solutions

• IPR issues

• Certificates in China

• Financial schemes

• Industrial benchmarks

• Industrial and academic technology

ambassadors

• Top level political and economical

networks

• Competitiveness of Finnish

companies

Objectives Themes and Topics

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www.eusmecentre.org.cninfo@eusmecentre.org.cn