Energy consumption in the yogurt supply chain(French and Greek cases)

COST meeting Arcueil 19505

FMikiki (CERTHHIT) CRizet (INRETS)

Energy consumption in the yogurt supply chain

Objectives Analyse energy consumption in yogurt supply

chain according to Companiesrsquo logistical choices

How to reduce this consumption changes in logistical behaviors and their determining factors

At a disagregated level Yogurt Just in time and cold chain Funded by ADEME via PREDIT 2003-2005

Supply chain approach amp method

Energy consumed per1 kg of yogurt (goekg) according to the Supply chain organisation Geography(clients and plat-forms localisation) Type of distribution Hypermarket corner shop Cooperation between partners information sharing

We started from the clients and retailers and went upstream

Energy consumption is estimated at each step with the operators then converted into gram of oil equivalent (goeyogurt kg)

Limitations

Differences between the two surveys different response from the agents involved

commercial schemes mix of energy sources no such e-commerce in Greece etc

General limitations environmental performance and energy consumption a rather neglected question especially within private companies

private sector involvement not familiar with such research works rather skeptical with researchers that question their proper strategies choices and practices adopted confidentiality of data

As regards Greek survey withdrawal of certain agents time constraints and budget limitations were also penalizing

The 9 steps of the yogurt Supply chain(French case)

1tanker 3Reefer truckMilk farm

2 Yogurt factory 4 producer

Platform

6retailer Platform8 shop

Consumerrsquos home

5 Reefer truck

7 Reefer truck

9 consumerrsquos car

The 7 steps of the yogurt Supply chain(Greek case)

Milk farm 2 Yogurt factory 4 producer

Platform

6 shopConsumerrsquos home

5 Reefer truck

7 consumerrsquos car

3Reefer truck 1tanker

The two cases (i)

(i) France

Carte V Guilbault

The two cases (ii)

ii) Greece

Step1 Milk sourcing

France Milk is collected from the farms around thefactory

46 goekgIf not enough bought from other towns at a longer distance

119 goekgAverage

62 goekg

Greece (2 cases)Milk is collected from thefarms around the factory No further milk

purchased

Case 1 (Evr) 126goe kgCase 2 (F) 157 goekg

Step 1 Milk collection

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2F Factory

Milk collected

(1000 tyear)128 219 151

Averdist(Km)Aver tontrip

201 215389115

480120

1000 oil lyear

449 210 1796

Goekg yogurt 46 126 157

Step 2 yogurt factory

A lot of energy is needed in the factory To cool the products(electricity) To warm them up (gaz) For collecting inputs and sending these rum(Gazole)

Total 39 goeyogurt kg French factory Total 32 goeyogurt kg Greek factory Total 33 goeyogurt kg 2nd Greek companyFor the first two activities

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Energy consumption in the yogurt supply chain

Objectives Analyse energy consumption in yogurt supply

chain according to Companiesrsquo logistical choices

How to reduce this consumption changes in logistical behaviors and their determining factors

At a disagregated level Yogurt Just in time and cold chain Funded by ADEME via PREDIT 2003-2005

Supply chain approach amp method

Energy consumed per1 kg of yogurt (goekg) according to the Supply chain organisation Geography(clients and plat-forms localisation) Type of distribution Hypermarket corner shop Cooperation between partners information sharing

We started from the clients and retailers and went upstream

Energy consumption is estimated at each step with the operators then converted into gram of oil equivalent (goeyogurt kg)

Limitations

Differences between the two surveys different response from the agents involved

commercial schemes mix of energy sources no such e-commerce in Greece etc

General limitations environmental performance and energy consumption a rather neglected question especially within private companies

private sector involvement not familiar with such research works rather skeptical with researchers that question their proper strategies choices and practices adopted confidentiality of data

As regards Greek survey withdrawal of certain agents time constraints and budget limitations were also penalizing

The 9 steps of the yogurt Supply chain(French case)

1tanker 3Reefer truckMilk farm

2 Yogurt factory 4 producer

Platform

6retailer Platform8 shop

Consumerrsquos home

5 Reefer truck

7 Reefer truck

9 consumerrsquos car

The 7 steps of the yogurt Supply chain(Greek case)

Milk farm 2 Yogurt factory 4 producer

Platform

6 shopConsumerrsquos home

5 Reefer truck

7 consumerrsquos car

3Reefer truck 1tanker

The two cases (i)

(i) France

Carte V Guilbault

The two cases (ii)

ii) Greece

Step1 Milk sourcing

France Milk is collected from the farms around thefactory

46 goekgIf not enough bought from other towns at a longer distance

119 goekgAverage

62 goekg

Greece (2 cases)Milk is collected from thefarms around the factory No further milk

purchased

Case 1 (Evr) 126goe kgCase 2 (F) 157 goekg

Step 1 Milk collection

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2F Factory

Milk collected

(1000 tyear)128 219 151

Averdist(Km)Aver tontrip

201 215389115

480120

1000 oil lyear

449 210 1796

Goekg yogurt 46 126 157

Step 2 yogurt factory

A lot of energy is needed in the factory To cool the products(electricity) To warm them up (gaz) For collecting inputs and sending these rum(Gazole)

Total 39 goeyogurt kg French factory Total 32 goeyogurt kg Greek factory Total 33 goeyogurt kg 2nd Greek companyFor the first two activities

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Supply chain approach amp method

Energy consumed per1 kg of yogurt (goekg) according to the Supply chain organisation Geography(clients and plat-forms localisation) Type of distribution Hypermarket corner shop Cooperation between partners information sharing

We started from the clients and retailers and went upstream

Energy consumption is estimated at each step with the operators then converted into gram of oil equivalent (goeyogurt kg)

Limitations

Differences between the two surveys different response from the agents involved

commercial schemes mix of energy sources no such e-commerce in Greece etc

General limitations environmental performance and energy consumption a rather neglected question especially within private companies

private sector involvement not familiar with such research works rather skeptical with researchers that question their proper strategies choices and practices adopted confidentiality of data

As regards Greek survey withdrawal of certain agents time constraints and budget limitations were also penalizing

The 9 steps of the yogurt Supply chain(French case)

1tanker 3Reefer truckMilk farm

2 Yogurt factory 4 producer

Platform

6retailer Platform8 shop

Consumerrsquos home

5 Reefer truck

7 Reefer truck

9 consumerrsquos car

The 7 steps of the yogurt Supply chain(Greek case)

Milk farm 2 Yogurt factory 4 producer

Platform

6 shopConsumerrsquos home

5 Reefer truck

7 consumerrsquos car

3Reefer truck 1tanker

The two cases (i)

(i) France

Carte V Guilbault

The two cases (ii)

ii) Greece

Step1 Milk sourcing

France Milk is collected from the farms around thefactory

46 goekgIf not enough bought from other towns at a longer distance

119 goekgAverage

62 goekg

Greece (2 cases)Milk is collected from thefarms around the factory No further milk

purchased

Case 1 (Evr) 126goe kgCase 2 (F) 157 goekg

Step 1 Milk collection

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2F Factory

Milk collected

(1000 tyear)128 219 151

Averdist(Km)Aver tontrip

201 215389115

480120

1000 oil lyear

449 210 1796

Goekg yogurt 46 126 157

Step 2 yogurt factory

A lot of energy is needed in the factory To cool the products(electricity) To warm them up (gaz) For collecting inputs and sending these rum(Gazole)

Total 39 goeyogurt kg French factory Total 32 goeyogurt kg Greek factory Total 33 goeyogurt kg 2nd Greek companyFor the first two activities

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Limitations

Differences between the two surveys different response from the agents involved

commercial schemes mix of energy sources no such e-commerce in Greece etc

General limitations environmental performance and energy consumption a rather neglected question especially within private companies

private sector involvement not familiar with such research works rather skeptical with researchers that question their proper strategies choices and practices adopted confidentiality of data

As regards Greek survey withdrawal of certain agents time constraints and budget limitations were also penalizing

The 9 steps of the yogurt Supply chain(French case)

1tanker 3Reefer truckMilk farm

2 Yogurt factory 4 producer

Platform

6retailer Platform8 shop

Consumerrsquos home

5 Reefer truck

7 Reefer truck

9 consumerrsquos car

The 7 steps of the yogurt Supply chain(Greek case)

Milk farm 2 Yogurt factory 4 producer

Platform

6 shopConsumerrsquos home

5 Reefer truck

7 consumerrsquos car

3Reefer truck 1tanker

The two cases (i)

(i) France

Carte V Guilbault

The two cases (ii)

ii) Greece

Step1 Milk sourcing

France Milk is collected from the farms around thefactory

46 goekgIf not enough bought from other towns at a longer distance

119 goekgAverage

62 goekg

Greece (2 cases)Milk is collected from thefarms around the factory No further milk

purchased

Case 1 (Evr) 126goe kgCase 2 (F) 157 goekg

Step 1 Milk collection

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2F Factory

Milk collected

(1000 tyear)128 219 151

Averdist(Km)Aver tontrip

201 215389115

480120

1000 oil lyear

449 210 1796

Goekg yogurt 46 126 157

Step 2 yogurt factory

A lot of energy is needed in the factory To cool the products(electricity) To warm them up (gaz) For collecting inputs and sending these rum(Gazole)

Total 39 goeyogurt kg French factory Total 32 goeyogurt kg Greek factory Total 33 goeyogurt kg 2nd Greek companyFor the first two activities

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

The 9 steps of the yogurt Supply chain(French case)

1tanker 3Reefer truckMilk farm

2 Yogurt factory 4 producer

Platform

6retailer Platform8 shop

Consumerrsquos home

5 Reefer truck

7 Reefer truck

9 consumerrsquos car

The 7 steps of the yogurt Supply chain(Greek case)

Milk farm 2 Yogurt factory 4 producer

Platform

6 shopConsumerrsquos home

5 Reefer truck

7 consumerrsquos car

3Reefer truck 1tanker

The two cases (i)

(i) France

Carte V Guilbault

The two cases (ii)

ii) Greece

Step1 Milk sourcing

France Milk is collected from the farms around thefactory

46 goekgIf not enough bought from other towns at a longer distance

119 goekgAverage

62 goekg

Greece (2 cases)Milk is collected from thefarms around the factory No further milk

purchased

Case 1 (Evr) 126goe kgCase 2 (F) 157 goekg

Step 1 Milk collection

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2F Factory

Milk collected

(1000 tyear)128 219 151

Averdist(Km)Aver tontrip

201 215389115

480120

1000 oil lyear

449 210 1796

Goekg yogurt 46 126 157

Step 2 yogurt factory

A lot of energy is needed in the factory To cool the products(electricity) To warm them up (gaz) For collecting inputs and sending these rum(Gazole)

Total 39 goeyogurt kg French factory Total 32 goeyogurt kg Greek factory Total 33 goeyogurt kg 2nd Greek companyFor the first two activities

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

The 7 steps of the yogurt Supply chain(Greek case)

Milk farm 2 Yogurt factory 4 producer

Platform

6 shopConsumerrsquos home

5 Reefer truck

7 consumerrsquos car

3Reefer truck 1tanker

The two cases (i)

(i) France

Carte V Guilbault

The two cases (ii)

ii) Greece

Step1 Milk sourcing

France Milk is collected from the farms around thefactory

46 goekgIf not enough bought from other towns at a longer distance

119 goekgAverage

62 goekg

Greece (2 cases)Milk is collected from thefarms around the factory No further milk

purchased

Case 1 (Evr) 126goe kgCase 2 (F) 157 goekg

Step 1 Milk collection

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2F Factory

Milk collected

(1000 tyear)128 219 151

Averdist(Km)Aver tontrip

201 215389115

480120

1000 oil lyear

449 210 1796

Goekg yogurt 46 126 157

Step 2 yogurt factory

A lot of energy is needed in the factory To cool the products(electricity) To warm them up (gaz) For collecting inputs and sending these rum(Gazole)

Total 39 goeyogurt kg French factory Total 32 goeyogurt kg Greek factory Total 33 goeyogurt kg 2nd Greek companyFor the first two activities

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

The two cases (i)

(i) France

Carte V Guilbault

The two cases (ii)

ii) Greece

Step1 Milk sourcing

France Milk is collected from the farms around thefactory

46 goekgIf not enough bought from other towns at a longer distance

119 goekgAverage

62 goekg

Greece (2 cases)Milk is collected from thefarms around the factory No further milk

purchased

Case 1 (Evr) 126goe kgCase 2 (F) 157 goekg

Step 1 Milk collection

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2F Factory

Milk collected

(1000 tyear)128 219 151

Averdist(Km)Aver tontrip

201 215389115

480120

1000 oil lyear

449 210 1796

Goekg yogurt 46 126 157

Step 2 yogurt factory

A lot of energy is needed in the factory To cool the products(electricity) To warm them up (gaz) For collecting inputs and sending these rum(Gazole)

Total 39 goeyogurt kg French factory Total 32 goeyogurt kg Greek factory Total 33 goeyogurt kg 2nd Greek companyFor the first two activities

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

The two cases (ii)

ii) Greece

Step1 Milk sourcing

France Milk is collected from the farms around thefactory

46 goekgIf not enough bought from other towns at a longer distance

119 goekgAverage

62 goekg

Greece (2 cases)Milk is collected from thefarms around the factory No further milk

purchased

Case 1 (Evr) 126goe kgCase 2 (F) 157 goekg

Step 1 Milk collection

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2F Factory

Milk collected

(1000 tyear)128 219 151

Averdist(Km)Aver tontrip

201 215389115

480120

1000 oil lyear

449 210 1796

Goekg yogurt 46 126 157

Step 2 yogurt factory

A lot of energy is needed in the factory To cool the products(electricity) To warm them up (gaz) For collecting inputs and sending these rum(Gazole)

Total 39 goeyogurt kg French factory Total 32 goeyogurt kg Greek factory Total 33 goeyogurt kg 2nd Greek companyFor the first two activities

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Step1 Milk sourcing

France Milk is collected from the farms around thefactory

46 goekgIf not enough bought from other towns at a longer distance

119 goekgAverage

62 goekg

Greece (2 cases)Milk is collected from thefarms around the factory No further milk

purchased

Case 1 (Evr) 126goe kgCase 2 (F) 157 goekg

Step 1 Milk collection

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2F Factory

Milk collected

(1000 tyear)128 219 151

Averdist(Km)Aver tontrip

201 215389115

480120

1000 oil lyear

449 210 1796

Goekg yogurt 46 126 157

Step 2 yogurt factory

A lot of energy is needed in the factory To cool the products(electricity) To warm them up (gaz) For collecting inputs and sending these rum(Gazole)

Total 39 goeyogurt kg French factory Total 32 goeyogurt kg Greek factory Total 33 goeyogurt kg 2nd Greek companyFor the first two activities

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Step 1 Milk collection

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2F Factory

Milk collected

(1000 tyear)128 219 151

Averdist(Km)Aver tontrip

201 215389115

480120

1000 oil lyear

449 210 1796

Goekg yogurt 46 126 157

Step 2 yogurt factory

A lot of energy is needed in the factory To cool the products(electricity) To warm them up (gaz) For collecting inputs and sending these rum(Gazole)

Total 39 goeyogurt kg French factory Total 32 goeyogurt kg Greek factory Total 33 goeyogurt kg 2nd Greek companyFor the first two activities

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Step 2 yogurt factory

A lot of energy is needed in the factory To cool the products(electricity) To warm them up (gaz) For collecting inputs and sending these rum(Gazole)

Total 39 goeyogurt kg French factory Total 32 goeyogurt kg Greek factory Total 33 goeyogurt kg 2nd Greek companyFor the first two activities

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Step 2 YogurtProduction

FranceFactory

Greece1

Evrofarma

Greece 2

F Factory

Annual production(tyear)

106000

997 48717

Electricity Consumption(MWhyear)Gas (tyear)

1484037100

2433 210

37065

Energy consumption(toe year)

4133 457 3188

Goekg yogurt 39 32 33

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Steps 3 5 (amp 7) road transport by reefer vehicles

Consumption is linked to

-Distance -Vehicle type -Load factor -Duration of reefer(reefer 15) Consump Between 08 amp 130 goeYogurtkg journey

Road transport by reefer vehicles to distribution platform

French case study 104 goeYogurtkg Greek case study 83 goeYogurtkg

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Step 3 Yogurttransportation

FranceFactory

Greece

Kmtrip 369 552

net weight trip (t) 115 225

literston 123 98

Goekg yogurt 104 83

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The Greek company did not provide data for the energy consumption in its distribution platform

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Greek case deficit of data for shops (+ not covering the range of French shops) No such e-commerce in Greece

so we covered specific steps of the chain

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (i)

Comparison between 2 greek companies

Energy costs for the supply of the same region

The structure of their supply chain is comparable and have opposite origine-destination points

Empty movements of both fleets are common

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Further Greek survey and other conclusions (ii)

Contribution of this research

Optimisation of the supply services in the region ofThrace achieving considerable environnemental benefit through the synergy of the two companies via the combinaison of their networks and ressources

A mathematical model was developed for the optimisation of trips and the minimisation of the fleet used

A new logistical structure was proposed with one common platform in the middle of their respective origin points with the use of common fleet

Of course this work did not aim to tackle the problem exhaustively but it is a good starting point for a change in the companiesrsquo logistical choices

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

French survey next steps

As regards the French survey and the steps of platforms and

shopshellip

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Step 4 (amp 6) Platforms

The energy consumption in the platforms is linked to Platform area

Activities(fresh products amp design hellip

Operated tonnage Demand and capacity(Tonnes year)

00

50

100

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000

superficie frais (m2)

gep

kg

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Step 8 (or 6) the shops

Energy consumption in the shop = (general consumption + preacutesentoir) volume sold for average product 23 - 123

gepkg for yogurt in the shop 26-51

gepkg E-commerce 112 gepkg

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Step 9 consumer journey

Average clientrsquo consumption is linked to

- of the clients in a car -Distance (05 to 10 km)1048708 -Average basket weight (2 to 15 kg)1048708 These 3 variables are linked

to the shop area (m2) and zone density 1 ndash 71 goe kg yogurt (France)

0

30

60

10 100 1000 10000 100000m2

gep

kg

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

if the shoprsquos surface increases

-factory consum identical-logistics consum decreases -shop consum decreases -client consum increases very intensely

In total consumption increases

Home delivery efficient for both shop and clients

0

50

100

150

200

Hyper Super Proxi E-com g

ep

kg

factory Logistics shop client

French Survey conclusions (I)

Energy consumptionyogurtkg according to distribution type

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

In relation to energy graph

Electricity counts much less (shop platform)

The chains scale is comparable 0

200

400

600

Hyper Super Proxi E comm

geqC

O2

kg factory Logistics shop client

GHG emission yogurtkg according to distribution type

French survey conclusions (II)

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki

Overall conclusions

Attempting international conclusionsis helpful although can be difficult to implement

Howeverrespective national conclusions can be of mutual benefit

Logistical practices are being mondialized and given the common goal for sustainable freight operations bilateral initiatives can contribute to better logistical choices

Thank you for your attentionFMikiki