energy and environment by toossi energy: past, present, future
TRANSCRIPT
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Energy: Past, Present, Future
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Introduction 1970, Club of Rome 1973, Arab Oil Embargo 1978, TMI Accident 1986, Chernobyl
Accident 1991, Rio Earth Summit 1991, Gulf War I 1997, Kyoto Treaty 2002, Bush Denounced
the Kyoto Agreement 2003, Gulf War II 2006, Price of gasoline
reached all-time high
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Issues Big questions
How much longer petroleum will last? What are geopolitical concerns? What are economical effects? What are the environmental impacts?
Where are we going from here?
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Concerns Useful energy is being more scarce. Population increases at an exponential rate. Industrializations demands more and more
energy. Environmental problems becomes more
severe with increases in energy consumption. Limited resources can impact social, cultural,
and economical aspects of our lives. Global impacts could even be more serious.
Energy and Environment by Toossi
The Middle East
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Politics of Oil
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Why to be involved?
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Overview What is energy? Where is it coming from? What forms can it take?
Energy and Environment by Toossi
What is Energy? Energy is a property of matter that can be
converted into work, heat, light, or radiation. Phenomenological definition: “Energy is the
capacity to do work”. Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but
can be converted from one form to another. When energy is used, its usefulness decreases
by an amount equal to the work done. Although different forms of energy can have
the same numerical value (quantitatively), they are not equally interchangeable (qualitatively)
Energy is not power.
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Where Does Energy Come From?
Big-bang (10-20 billion years ago) released tightly packed mass of elementary particles. Created stars, galaxies and planets. (Source of the Gravitational or Potential Energy)
Nuclear Breakup of mass Solar Radiation from stars (such as our Sun) Fossil and Biomass Conversion of solar
energy to mass Wind, wave, heat, geothermal, etc. are
different manifestations of the same energy.
Classifications Mechanical
Kinetic Wind Underwater currents
Potential (gravitational) Hydroelectric (Waterfalls) Wave (surface, tides)
Chemical Biomass Fossil
Geothermal Nuclear
Fission Fusion
Sun-based Photovoltaic and solar
thermal Wind Hydroelectric Biomass And even fossil fuels
Earth-Based Geothermal Nuclear
Earth-Moon-Sun Interaction
Tides
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Energy and Power
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Problems Limited supply Exponential growth Lack of long term planning
Energy and Environment by Toossi
World Energy Consumption
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Per Capita Energy Consumption
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Consumption vs. Production Fifty years ago
We were using one barrel of oil for every six barrels we found
Today We are using four barrels of oil for
every barrel we find. U.S. has about 5% of the World’s
population, but uses 25% of the world’s oil.
Energy and Environment by Toossi
World Energy Resources
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Reserves The United States
has: 2.5% of the
world’s remaining oil
3.5% of the world’s remaining natural gas
20% of the world’s remaining coal
At the current rate of consumption US will run out of Oil in 10 years Natural Gas in 12
years Coal in 300 years
But don’t forget the exponential growth and market forces!
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Exponential Growth
T2=70/
Example: In how many years would the US population double. The US birth rate is higher than death rate by 1.3%T=70/1.3=41 years.
2000 Census: 281 million (13.2% increase over 1990 data) 2041 Census (estimated): 562 million (probably too high)
RateGrowth Percentage
70Time-Doubling
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World Population Today, there are 6.2 billions people By 2050, population will increase to 10
billions (video)
The rate of growth is very different among different nations
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Consumption (2004 figures)
Resource US World
Fossil Fuels
80% 85%
Nuclear 10% 6.6%Hydro 5% 7.1%Biofuel 4.3% 0.9%Geothermal 0.5% 0.2%Wind 0.1% 0.1%Solar 0.1% 0.1%
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Over consumption Over consumption Over consumption Over consumption Over consumption Over consumption
The Problem
Energy and Environment by Toossi
UnitsInternational (SI)
US Customary
Length m ft
Mass kg lbm
Time s s
Force N (newton) lbf
Energy J (joule) BTU
Power W (watt) hp
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Other commonly used energy units
calorie Food calorie (Calorie) N.m, J, kJ, MJ, EJ, lb-ft Quad eV Ton of coal, Barrel of oil, Therm Bushel of corn …
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Course Content
Physical Law (cannot change) Statistical Data (maybe questionable) Political, social, economical issues
(must be argued)
Keep your head clear
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Energy and Environment by Toossi
Don’t take on more than you can handle
Energy and Environment by Toossi
You’ve got a long way to go, so enjoy the ride