ENERGETICALLY INDEPENDENT BUILDINGS OF THE RESORT-IMPROVING AND

EDUCATIONAL-RECREATIONAL COMPLEX IN ECOLOGICAL SETTLEMENT "GENOM"

Dmitriy Strebkov1, Olga Shepovalova1, Ilya Dunichkin 2

1The All-Russian Research Institute for Electrification of Agriculture (GNU VIESH); 2 National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)

This work is devoted to the formation of architecture of resort-improving

and educational- recreational complexes (RIandERC) and their building with

the use of renewable sources.

When formulating the problem of design experiment resort- improving and

educational- recreational complexes were chosen. In some cases, because of

RIandERC placement at considerable distances from urbanized centers, the supply

of energy becomes paramount. The formation of RIandERC architecture and their

construction as complexes of energetically independent buildings with integrated

solar systems is the most promising.

For consideration of an economically expedient situation that should be such

from the very outset, the energy potential of resort- improvement and

recreational- educational facilities development was investigated.

Estimations were made at a local level and microlevel of an energy potential of

development for subsequent architecturally-constructive designing of buildings,

first of all for placing solar panels on the building facades and roofs.

In the design of innovative buildings with integrated solar systems, the physical

parameters of the environment are considered in terms of both obtaining optimum

performance of designs, creation of a comfortable climate in the premises and its

energy potential. The physical and technical factors are analyzed for the possibility

of energy reception under their influence and its use by the building. Autonomy or at

least economy of building operation is ensured thereby.

EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PROPORTIONS OF BUILYYFDING WITH PV SYSTEMS

First of all, a developed facade relief or a building silhouette shall be provided

from the south side making it possible to mount a large number of PV modules

capable to receive 40% to 50 % more solar energy in absolute values.

The strictly west-east orientation of one extended facade or the north-south

orientation of two extended facades has been found most effective.

THE BUILDING-MODEL OF CORRIDOR TYPE WITH SOLAR MODULES

The most energetically expedient proportions are available in the buildings of a

corridor and gallery type which have been identified in the analysis of interrelations

between the technical-economic and physical-technical indicators of development

EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BUILDING ORIENTATION FOR RIandERC

The Sun is South-East

The buildings orientation towards the parts of the world was appraised taking into

account the overall performance of the equipment, thus forming the architecture

meeting the complex functional requirements.

The Sun is South

The Sun is South-West

DEPENDENCE OF SYSTEM GENERATION RATE ON OF PV MODULES CAPACITY

(Moscow region, July)

10 50 100

Power of PV module, W

Syste

m g

enera

tio

n r

ate

, W

/m2 p

er

day

1,0

jjj

0,5

jjj

0,1

On average sunny July day in the

midland of Russia (in latitude 52

degrees North) the system gives

800-900 W/m2 of electric power a

day with the capacity of modules

with planar PV cells of 200 W/m2

The dependence of power generation on weather conditions is solved by planning

solutions of buildings and adjacent territories, selection of a combination of

installations, installations connection schemes and accumulation schemes,

organization of energy saving scheme of loads.

PV

module

PV

module

PV

module

PV

module PV

module

PV

module PV

module

PV

module

PV

module

PV

module

•••

Inverter

Battery group

DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM WITH PLANAR PV CELLS

24V

Electric load

~220V

50Hz

General system integration module

Electric load

= 24V

Individual control

station

24V

24V

24V

~220V

50Hz

Roof’s system

•••

•••

General

network

Local

installations on

the territory

~220V

50Hz

Unit consumer with PV modules on the facades (rooms, halls, etc.)

The integration of modules of similar appearance with cascade PV cells allows to reduce losses, communications and assembly expenses.

light

cascade PV cells

10 50 100

Power of PV module, W

Syste

m g

en

era

tio

n r

ate

, W

/m2 p

er

da

y

1,0

0,5

0,1

According to calculations,

the upper limit of systems

generation will be displaced

up (U~ 60V/ module).

PV cells

PV module

group of series-

parallel

connection PV

modules

inverter

battery group

DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM WITH CASCADE PV CELLS

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Nov Dec

Ha

urs

of

so

lar

lig

ht

month

Khabarovsk

Sevastopol

Novosibirsk

Primorye

Moscow

DURATION OF SUNSHINE FOR DIFFERENT REGIONS

To determine the efficiency and choose planning solutions it is necessary to

carry out the calculation not only on the basis of the total annual solar

radiation for this district, but also taking into account seasonal changes. In

most cases it is sufficient to take into account the summer/winter ratio.

HEATING DIAGRAM

system integration

module gas heater hot water supply floor heating loop

heat exchanger

loop

solar collectors

A FACADE FRAGMENT WITH PV MODULES

The architecture of buildings is formed by a combination of integrated solar

systems with energy efficient solutions of development with natural materials.

A ROOF FRAGMENT WITH PV MODULES

For latitude 52 degrees the most efficient is to install the integrated solar equipment

stationary and vertically (at 90 degrees) or with a tilt angle change twice a year

(March-November 36-50 degrees, November-March 90 degrees).

MONITORING

The performed researches and installations creation experience shows that for

effective use of integrated solar systems they should be considered as a

component of the overall power supply system. It is necessary to study and take

into account all comprehensively from the energy characteristics of buildings and

terrain conditions to the specific features of engineering systems and used

household appliances for minimizing losses and to increasing the receipt of

energy by the end user.

Heat losses

through the

edge joint

Losses due to

the heat

conductivity of

spacers

Heat losses

by radiation

WINDOWS WITH VACUUM SEALED INSULATING GLASS UNIT (VSIGU)

stem

low-emission

К-layer vacuum gap,

5∙10-5

1st glass

2nd glass

spacers

evacuation

joint heat losses

design

2,32m2∙°С/W

WINDOW DESIGN BASED ON VSIGU– BASE VARIANT

isotherm distribution

air permeability

VSIGU

The performed works have allowed to unite as one method the estimation of

development energy potential and subsequent architecturally-constructive

designing. In drawing up the energy balance of development, the quantity of the

energy generated by the equipment integrated into the building and that required

for the operation of the same building is determined. In case of energy deficiency,

the solution can be corrected for developing the building perimeter and increasing

the total area of solar modules that generate electric power. In case that the energy

is generated in excess to demand the decision can be made by designers to extend

the total hosing area of building.

Thus the power independent buildings and installations having exterior-

integrated solar equipment shall be incorporated into the RIandERC concept for

power supply and for environmentally clean materials use.

The buildings of health, recreational, and educational complexes create the basis of

GENOM ecovillage. GENOM means Global Ecovillage Network Office

Management. In the building of the recreational and educational complex it is

planned to place the headquarters of the Global Ecovillage Network (GEN)

association. The GEN association has the status of a special adviser at the

Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (UN-ECOSOC) and a partner

of the United Nations Institute of Training and Researches (UNITAR). The GEN

association principles give new opportunities in the GENOM ecovillage project as

a pilot settlement on the basis of which natural territories will efficiently develop.

RESORT-IMPROVING AND EDUCATIONAL-RECREATIONAL COMPLEXES IN ECOLOGICAL SETTLEMENT "GENOM"