enedis #electric mobility · mobility stakeholders, including the dso, are written right now at iso...
TRANSCRIPT
LibreInterneRestreinteConfidentielleTrès confidentielle
Enedis #Electric MobilityCORIOLIS Seminar « How does the French DSO accompany Electric Mobility Development »
March 7, 2019
Dominique LAGARDE Executive Vice President Electric Mobility
2
Enedis, the essential grid of the French electricity system
EV / Hybrid EV /
Plug-in HEV
Renewable
Energy SystemsDemand Side
Management/
Prosumers
Batteries
Smart
meters
Linky
Big data
IA
The majority of the DERs (Distributed Energy Ressources) areconnected to the Distribution Grid managed by Enedis
3
For the success of energy transition, Enedis has taken the turnto become a DSO
E-mobility is precisely an essential part of the DSO concept
EnergyTransition
EV and charginginfrastructure
Large volumes of renewable production
Flexible usages (storage, EV
knowledge and analysisof consumption DATA
Our public service mission
4
Why do we talk about electric mobility today ?
Because we connect electric charging points to the distribution grid we operate in 95% of French territory
Because we do the e-mobility experiment every day thanks to our electric corporate fleet (the 2nd largest electric fleet in France)
Because we take part to numerous projects to pave the way toward widespread e-mobility in the future
Enedis has already been a key enabler of electric mobility !
5
3 drivers to achieve an ambition
Enedis aims at « being » and « being recognised as » a referenceindustrial partner for all e-mobility stakeholders in order to build thenecessary solutions to foster its large scale deployment.
Conducting operations in territories «in connection with local authorities»
• Mobility Plans in each ENEDIS’ regional divisions
•Intensify efforts for coroporate fleet electrification
Developing expertise and creating innovation
Building shared visions: e.g. Equilibre des Energies (EdEN) corporation, …
• Pilot projects : BienVEnu, SMAC, aVEnir
• Studies : Smartcharging, V2G, …
Building together solutions and forging partnerships
• Bus operators (RATP, Keolis,…)
• Collective housing and multi-dwelling units
• EV charging from the street lighting
6
Some illustrations
7
EV charging infrastructure over street lighting network
Generic requirements have been established incollaboration with prefect Vuibert’s workinggroup. They were published in the officialwebsites of French ministries for Energytransition and Econcomics inNovember 2018
8
A pilot project in Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes et Provence-Alpes Côte d’Azur regions: aVEnir
Enlarging the experimental field
Testing innovative Use Cases (V2G)
Mastering technical solutions for EV charging control
Preparing industrialization
ADEME proposal submitted on 15th of January 2019 with 11 industrial and academic partners
9
2019 R&D program
Enedis R&D scope of work includes studies, lab and field tests, Proofs of Concepts,standardization and support to pilot projects.
Anticipating EV deployment
and its impact on grid
planning
Masteringpower qualityissues at grid-
charger interface
Assessinginnovativechargingsolutions
Designingand testing
smart chargingsolutions
Understandingnew business
models arounde-mobility and
flexibility
Supportingpilot projects
and fieldexperiments
10
« e-Buses project », in partnership with RATP
RATP is electrifying 2/3 of its bus depots:Enedis – RATP partnership will allow to:
• Design solutions with our partner• Manage / co-manage projects with our
partner• Realize and deploy tasks in the perimeter
covered by Enedis
Enedis is developing simulation tools to assess the impact of EV deployment on grid planningFocus on the impact of e-bus depots• Simulate a realistic e-bus depot load profile based on real bus schedules• Evaluate the peak shaving potential thanks to smart charging strategies taking into account the bus
operator’s constraints.
11
Enedis is involved in international standards development to ensure a smooth incorporation of e-mobility into the smart grids
• International standards defining data exchanges between tomorrow’s charging stations and every e-mobility stakeholders, including the DSO, are written right now at ISO and IEC. Experts mandated by Enedis contribute to the process.
• Standards will foster e-mobility deployment and will allow charging process controllability for grid integration purposes.
12
Enedis anticipates power quality issues at the interface between EV chargers and the grid
EVs are both disturbance sources and sensitive loads for existing background disturbances.
Pow
er q
ual
ity
issu
es r
elat
edto
EV
s 2012 ->
Resonance effect whilecharging four EVs on the same station
Frequent spurious breaks in charging processobserved in a DC fastcharging station
Immunity issues on domestic appliancesreported by EV ownerscharging at home
R&
D w
ork
for
a b
ette
ru
nd
ers
tan
din
go
f gr
id-c
har
ger
inte
ract
ion
Laboratorymeasurements and fieldtests to characterizephenomena / development of specifictestbeds
Establishment of a libraryof models based on measurement data
Simulations withharmonic calculation tool
Solu
tio
ns -> 2019
Involvment in EMC standards to fill the gaps in terms of emission and immunity levels
Partnerships with OEMsto design charger topologies taking intoaccount the diversity of grid supply conditions
13
Electricity networks ready to accommodate Electric Mobility
14
Electric Mobility is part of the on going Green Transition as was/is Renewable Integration
In terms of network planning and development
In terms of real-time network control & management
Increase 1000kW to
8200kW in 1hDecrease 9000kW to
3000kW in 30min
2010 2018 2028 (source PPE)
~4, 4 GW ~13 GW ~34 à 35 GW~560 installations ~1475 installations ~2500 installations
~0,3 GW ~7,4 GW ~35 à 44 GW~57 000 installations ~366 000 installations > 1 000 000 installations
15
Enedis is using and will use various solutions to satisfy the demand
“Existing" through the time of use signals such as ‘peak/off-peak’ tariff
“Future" by customized smart charging through supervised & remotely controlled Load.
Technologies are available
There are no technical barriers to enable grid integration for electric mobility
In terms of network planning and development
In terms of network management & real-time control
“Spontaneous" by averaging multiple of asynchronous power demands
“On request" by requests for connection powers adapted to the customer's needs (gain shared between the Network, customers and local authorities)
“Innovative" through innovative connection using Flexibility levers (ORI)
16
ANNEX
17
Enedis is developing simulation tools to assess the impact of EV deployment on grid planning
Example of studies:• Coincidence factor determination for grid interconnection sizing (e.g. in collective housing)• Impact of high power charging along motorways during summer break massive departuresAssumptions are shared with other e-mobility stakeholders within a dedicated working group (ENEDIS - RTE – AVERE).
EV deployment scenarios
Mobility Flows Estimation
Charging demand modelling (localization and power)
Load profiles simulation at the connection point and Grid impact evaluation
Integration in grid planning tools / KPI
18
Bus depot electrification: natural load curve, power optimization
• Optimization tool to minimize the peak in terms of power, taking into account operational constraints. The tool was designed after a 2 months immersion with a public transportation operator.
• “Win-win” approach with benefits for the bus operator & the DSO: reducing grid interconnection power for the bus depot (lower cost and delay) without modifying bus operator’s operational procedures.
• Bus networks for Orléans, Valence and Marseille have been modeled.• Real bus schedules data have been processed to determine natural load curves for each depot
19
Smart charging & Standardization• EV charging control will be necessary to help DSOs to mitigate the impacts in terms of power.
It will also bring added flexibility to the system to solve other constraints.
• Even if constraints might only appear in several years with massive EV roll-out, standards are being developed today.
• Solutions that will be deployed in five years have to be prepared right now with other stakeholders to avoid shutting the door on smart charging strategies that are going to become essential for the electric system.
• International standardization is essential to guarantee interoperability between actors and to fulfill the requirements outlined for smart charging
Natural chargeBasic control
with pricesignals
Advanced control at the building level
Advanced control at the
electricsystem level
Advanced control withbidirectionalpower flow
20
Smart charging & standardization: a 4 steps approach
Conduct studies to evaluate strength and weaknesses of each solution and analyse the DSO’s needs they could address (use cases, risk analysis)
Build Proof of concepts (POCs) to test solutions in field conditions and support technical discussions
Support pilot projects for technical requirements and developments of industrial solutions
Contribute to standardization based on lessonslearned in pilot projects
21
Enedis anticipates power quality issues at the interface between EV chargers and the grid
More than 15 EVs and charging systems (High power charging, inductive charging…) tested in power quality lab since 2014 + several field testing campaigns:
Results: Most EVs comply individually with electromagnetic compatibility standards. Specific attentionis needed when designing EV charging installations for fleets of vehicles mainly consisting of a singlemodel. Significant progress could still be achieved for E-mobility equipments to reduce spuriousemission levels in the CENELEC A band (2 – 95 kHz).
22
Electric disturbances: insufficient international emission limits
There are some international and national standards to limit harmonic emissions of LV electric appliances, but, there exists a gap in high frequency harmonic emission limits:
R&D work on power quality & EVs (measurement, studies) provides input data to standardization work to fill this gap.
Harmonic domain with limits by IEC 6100-3-2 and 61000-3-12 (<2kHz)*
High frequency harmonics, no IEC limits yet
* These two IEC standards are used in Europe and large part of the world. Owing to them, the electricappliances in Europe generate relatively low current harmonics compared to some other countries where these two standards are not yet applied!
23
Enedis is already a key e-Mobility stakeholder …savoir-faire, expertise opérationnelle et humaine, capitalisation, recommandations
Ile de France
Testing a managed
charging solution for collective
residentialbuildings
Lille
Managing anddoptimizing public
EV chargingstations (« park &
ride »)
Champagne Ardenne
Coordinate EV charging and local
clean energyresources
Smart Charging
Our corporate fleet Some concrete achievements
24 000 public charging points connected to the public distribution network.
1 2
3
Achieved En coursIn progress
Co-founder of GiREVE with Renault, CNR, la Caisse des Dépôts, EDF (via EDEV subsidiary).
In 2017, entry of a new shareholder: FMET(*) managed by DEMETER fund
4
(*) FMET : Fond de Modernisation Ecologique des Transports (résultante d’un accord entre le gouvernement français et les sociétés d’autoroutes Vinci, APRR et SANEF
24
Collective housing: solutions already exist. Barriers to their large scaleroll out have now to be removed
Enedis technical guidelinesjointly written with the sector’sprofessionals