endomembrane system whitley hanna jesse crow. endomembrane system membranes that are suspended in...
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Endomembrane System
Whitley HannaJesse Crow
Endomembrane System
Membranes that are suspended in cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell
The membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles
Included: nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth reticulum, Golgi and lysosomes
Nuclear EnvelopeDouble lipid bilayer
Encloses genetic material
Found in eukaryotic cells
It separates contents of nucleus from cytoplasm
Connected to nuclear lamina (network of intermediate filaments) which is a site of attachment for chromosomes and has been associated with genetic disorder
Diabetes, muscular dystrophy and premature aging are all symptoms of this disorder
Nuclear Envelope Similar to a paper bag
This is because the paper bag will protect all the things in your lunch, like the nuclear envelope protects everything in the nucleus
However, if you get the paper bag wet then your lunch will spoil. Much like how the nuclear envelope can malfunction and cause disorders in the body
Rough Endoplasmic
ReticulumFound in eukaryotic cell
Forms a network of tubules and vesicles in cells
Synthesizes Proteins
Builds amino acid chains
Studded with ribosomes
Moves vesicles to Golgi apparatus
Rough Endoplasmic
ReticulumLike a factory where things are packaged and sent off to different places
This is just like rough ER makes proteins and sends them off to the Golgi apparatus
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Found in eukaryotic cells
Synthesizes lipids and steroids
Metabolizes carbohydrates and steroids
Regulates calcium concentration
Produces lipids in some organs
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Similar to a highway because it is
usually called the transitional ER
It contains exit sites from which transport vesicles carrying these proteins and lipids tear off for transport to the Golgi apparatus
Smooth and Rough ER
Japanese Encephalitis virus infection causes ER stress, which leads to unfolded protein response and calcium imbalance
Golgi ApparatusFound in eukaryotic cells
Receives protein filled vesicles that bud from rough ER and lipid filled vesicles that bud from smooth ER
Contains enzymes that modify carbohydrate chains
Sorts modified molecules and packages them into vesicles that leave the outer face of the Golgi
Golgi AppatatusSimilar to an airport
This is because in an air port bags must be checked just like the Golgi checks proteins sent from the ER
LysosomesFound in eukaryotic cells
Membrane-bounded vesicles produced by Golgi apparatus
Have low pH
Assist in digesting material taken in to the cell
Destroy non-functional organelles and portions of cytoplasm
A missing lysosomal enzyme can cause disease, such as Tay-Sach’s. Tay-Sach’s is a disease in which the missing enzyme digests a fatty substance that helps insulate nerve cells. People will this disease show symptoms after six months
LysosomesSimilar to a garbage disposal because they clean up unwanted organelles and digest unwanted material